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Browsing Biological Sciences by Author "Santos, Scott R"

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Biogeochemical and Microbial Variation across 5500 km of Antarctic Surface Sediment Implicates Organic Matter as a Driver of Benthic Community Structure 

Learman, Deric R; Henson, Michael W.; Thrash, J. Cameron; Temperton, Ben; Brannock, Pamela M; Santos, Scott R; Mahon, Andrew R; Halanych, Kenneth M (2019-04-29)
Western Antarctica, one of the fastest warming locations on Earth, is a unique environment that is underexplored with regards to biodiversity. Although pelagic microbial communities in the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctic ...

Classification of a Hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila Pathotype Responsible for Epidemic Outbreaks in Warm-Water Fishes 

Rasmussen-Ivey, Cody R.; Hossain, Mohammad J.; Odom, Sara E; Terhun, Jeffery S.; Hemstreet, William G; Shoemaker, Craig A; Zhang, Dunhu; Xu, De-Hai; Griffin, Matt J; Liu, Yong-Jie; Figueras, Maria J; Santos, Scott R; Newton, Joseph C; Liles, Mark R (2019-04-29)
Lineages of hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) are the cause of persistent outbreaks of motile Aeromonas septicemia in warm-water fishes worldwide. Over the last decade, this virulent lineage of A. hydrophila has ...

Crossing the Divide: Admixture Across the Antarctic Polar Front Revealed by the Brittle Star Astrotoma agassizii 

Galaska, Matthew P; Sands, Chester J; Santos, Scott R; Mahon, Andrew R; Halanych, Kenneth M (2019-07-31)
The Antarctic Polar Front (APF) is one of the most well-defined and persistent oceanographic features on the planet and serves as a barrier to dispersal between the Southern Ocean and lower latitudes. High levels of endemism ...

Genetic differentiation, structure, and a transition zone among populations of the pitcher plant moth Exyra semicrocea: implications for conservation 

Stephens, Jessica D; Santos, Scott R; Folkerts, Debbie R. (2019-05-10)
Pitcher plant bogs, or carnivorous plant wetlands, have experienced extensive habitat loss and fragmentation throughout the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, resulting in an estimated reduction to <3% of their ...

Genetic population structure of an anchialine shrimp, Metabetaeus lohena (Crustacea: Alpheidae), in the Hawaiian Islands 

Russ, Atlantis; Santos, Scott R; Muir, C (2019-07-15)
Anchialine habitats in the Hawaiian Islands, characterized as coastal bodies of land-locked salt or brackish water that fluctuate with the tides due to subterranean connections, are the only ecosystems of this type found ...

Geographic structure in the Southern Ocean circumpolar brittle star Ophionotus victoriae (Ophiuridae) revealed from mtDNA and single-nucleotide polymorphism data 

Galaska, Matthew P; Sands, Chester J; Santos, Scott R; Halanych, Kenneth M; Mahon, Andrew R (2019-04-29)
Marine systems have traditionally been thought of as "open" with few barriers to gene flow. In particular, many marine organisms in the Southern Ocean purportedly possess circumpolar distributions that have rarely been ...

Molecular genetic evidence that dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Symbiodinium freudenthal are haploid 

Santos, Scott R; Coffroth, Mary Alice (2019-08-02)
Microscopic and cytological evidence suggest that many dinoflagellates possess a haploid nuclear phase. However, the ploidy of a number of dinoflagellates remains unknown, and molecular genetic support for haploidy in this ...

Multiple colonizations lead to cryptic biodiversity in an island ecosystem: comparative phylogeography of anchialine shrimp species in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan 

Weese, David A; Fujita, Yoshihisa; Santos, Scott R (2019-08-02)
Archipelagos of the Indo-West Pacific are considered to be among the richest in the world in biodiversity, and phylogeographic studies generally support either the center of origin or the center of accumulation hypothesis ...

Nemertean toxin genes revealed through transcriptome sequencing 

Whelan, Nathan V; Kocot, Kevin M; Santos, Scott R; Halanych, Kenneth M (2019-04-29)
Nemerteans are one of few animal groups that have evolved the ability to utilize toxins for both defense and subduing prey, but little is known about specific nemertean toxins. In particular, no study has identified specific ...

Osmoregulation in the Hawaiian anchialine shrimp Halocaridina rubra (Crustacea: Atyidae): expression of ion transporters, mitochondria-rich cell proliferation and hemolymph osmolality during salinity transfers 

Havird, Justin C; Santos, Scott R; Henry, Raymond P (2019-08-08)
Studies of euryhaline crustaceans have identified conserved osmoregulatory adaptions allowing hyper-osmoregulation in dilute waters. However, previous studies have mainly examined decapod brachyurans with marine ancestries ...

Performance of single and concatenated sets of mitochondrial genes at inferring metazoan relationships relative to full mitogenome data 

Havird, Justin C; Santos, Scott R (2019-05-10)
Mitochondrial (mt) genes are some of the most popular and widely-utilized genetic loci in phylogenetic studies of metazoan taxa. However, their linked nature has raised questions on whether using the entire mitogenome for ...

Phylogenetic and morphologic analyses of a coastal fish reveals a marine biogeographic break of terrestrial origin in the southern Caribbean 

Acero, Arturo P; Betancur, Ricardo R; Santos, Scott R; Duque-Caro, Hermann (2019-07-01)
BACKGROUND: Marine allopatric speciation involves interplay between intrinsic organismal properties and extrinsic factors. However, the relative contribution of each depends on the taxon under study and its geographic ...

The players in a mutualistic symbiosis: insects, bacteria, viruses, and virulence genes 

Moran, Nancy A; Degnan, Patrick H; Santos, Scott R; Dunbar, Helen E; Ochman, Howard (2019-08-08)
Aphids maintain mutualistic symbioses involving consortia of coinherited organisms. All possess a primary endosymbiont, Buchnera, which compensates for dietary deficiencies; many also contain secondary symbionts, such as ...

Reef endemism, host specificity and temporal stability in populations of symbiotic dinoflagellates from two ecologically dominant Caribbean corals 

Thornhill, Daniel J; Xiang, Yu; Fitt, William K; Santos, Scott R (2019-07-01)
BACKGROUND: The dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium forms symbioses with numerous protistan and invertebrate metazoan hosts. However, few data on symbiont genetic structure are available, hindering predictions of how these ...

Reproduction and development in Halocaridina rubra Holthuis, 1963 (Crustacea: Atyidae) clarifies larval ecology in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem 

Havird, Justin C; Vaught, Rebecca C; Weese, David A; Santos, Scott R (2019-08-01)
Larvae in aquatic habitats often develop in environments different from those they inhabit as adults. Shrimp in the Atyidae exemplify this trend, as larvae of many species require salt or brackish water for development, ...

Siboglinid-bacteria endosymbiosis: A model system for studying symbiotic mechanisms 

Thornhill, Daniel J; Fielman, Kevin T; Santos, Scott R; Halanych, Kenneth M (2019-04-29)
Siboglinid worms are a group of gutless marine annelids which are nutritionally dependent upon endosymbiotic bacteria.1,2 Four major groups of siboglinids are known including vestimentiferans, Osedax spp., frenulates and ...

Tracking transmission of apicomplexan symbionts in diverse Caribbean corals 

Kirk, Nathan L; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Coffroth, Mary Alice; Miller, Margaret W; Fogarty, Nicole D; Santos, Scott R (2019-05-10)
Symbionts in each generation are transmitted to new host individuals either vertically (parent to offspring), horizontally (from exogenous sources), or a combination of both. Scleractinian corals make an excellent study ...