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The ion temperature gradient: An intrinsic property of Earth's magnetotail


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dc.creatorLu, San
dc.creatorArtemyev, A
dc.creatorAngelopoulos, V
dc.creatorLin, Y
dc.creatorWang, X
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-01T21:34:58Z
dc.date.available2022-11-01T21:34:58Z
dc.date.created2017
dc.identifier10.1002/2017JA024209en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JA024209en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aurora.auburn.edu/handle/11200/50446
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.35099/aurora-514
dc.description.abstractAlthough the ion temperature gradient along (X-GSM) and across (Z(GSM)) the Earth's magnetotail, which plays a key role in generating the cross-tail current and establishing pressure balance with the lobes, has been extensively observed by spacecraft, the mechanism responsible for its formation is still unknown. We use multispacecraft observations and three-dimensional (3-D) global hybrid simulations to reveal this mechanism. Using THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms), Geotail, and ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun) observations during individual, near-simultaneous plasma sheet crossings from 10 to 60 R-E, we demonstrate that the ion temperature Z(GSM) profile is bell-shaped at different geocentric distances. This Z(GSM) profile is also prevalent in statistics of similar to 200 THEMIS current sheet crossings in the near-Earth region. Using 3-D global hybrid simulations, we show that mapping of the X-GSM gradient of ion temperature along magnetic field lines produces such a bell-shaped profile. The ion temperature mapping along magnetic field lines in the magnetotail enables construction of two-dimensional distributions of these quantities from vertical (north-south) spacecraft crossings. Our findings suggest that the ion temperature gradient is an intrinsic property of the magnetotail that should be considered in kinetic descriptions of the magnetotail current sheet. Toward this goal, we use theoretical approaches to incorporate the temperature gradient into kinetic current sheet models, making them more realistic.en_US
dc.formatPDFen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Unionen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICSen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries2169-9380en_US
dc.rights©American Geophysical Union YEAR. This is this the version of record co-published by the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Item should be cited as: Lu, S., Artemyev, A. V., Angelopoulos, V., Lin, Y., & Wang, X. Y. (2017). The ion temperature gradient: An intrinsic property of Earth's magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122(8), 8295-8309.en_US
dc.titleThe ion temperature gradient: An intrinsic property of Earth's magnetotailen_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dc.type.genreJournal Article, Academic Journalen_US
dc.citation.volume122en_US
dc.citation.issue8en_US
dc.citation.spage8295en_US
dc.citation.epage8309en_US
dc.description.statusPublisheden_US
dc.description.peerreviewYesen_US

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