January 1982 
1
Horticulture Series No. 28
Auburn University
Agricultural Experiment Station
Gale A. Buchanan, Dean and Director
Auburn University, Alabama
t
RESEARCH RESULTS FOR ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS
Horticulture Series No. 28
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
Auburn University, Alabama Gale A. Buchanan, Director
January, 1982 Kenneth C. Sanderson, 
Editor
CONTENTS
Page
Fertilization of Roosevelt's Fern (Neprolepsis exalata (L.) Schott
Cv. Rooseveltii). D. J. Crockett, Charles H. Gilliam, Ronald L.
Shumack and Clyde E. Evans.... .................. 1
Effects of Glyphosate on Three Field Grown Woody Ornamentals.
Charles H. Gilliam and D. James Crockett . . ............
Propagation of Clerya japonica (Ternstraemia 
gymanthera) by
Cuttings. Fred B. Perry, Jr., Charles H. Gilliam and D. Joseph 4
Eakes ..............................
Tolerance Evaluation of Five Postemerge Herbicides for Container
Weed Control. Cecil Pounders and Charles H. Gilliam ... ...... 2
Comparison of Slow Release Fertilizers on the Growth of Shefflera,
Brassaia actinophylla Endl. Kenneth C. Sanderson, Willis C. Martin,
Jr., and Lih-Jyu Shu 5....... ....................... 5
Effect of Supplementary Light and Gibberellic Acid on Atrinal-
Treated Azalea Cv. Kingfisher Shoots. Kenneth C. Sanderson,
Willis C. Martin, Jr., and Lih-Jyu Shu .... ............. 8
Growth of Shefflera, Brassaia actinophylla Endl. in Carib Peat
Amended Media. Kenneth C. Sanderson and Willis C. Martin, Jr. . . 12
Index to Horticulture Series No. 22 to 28. Grace Ho and
Kenneth C. Sanderson ...... ...................... 
.. 14
Note on Back Issues of Research Results for Ornamental Horti-
culturists. Kenneth C. Sanderson ........................ 
18

Fertilization of Roosevelt's Fern (Nephrolepis
exaltata (L.) Schott Cv. Rooseveltii)
D. James Crockett, Charles H. Gilliam,
Ronald Shumack and Clyde E. Evans
Nature of Work: This research was designed to determine the effects of
rate and frequency of fertilizer application on growth, nutrient con-
tent, and color of the Roosevelt's fern. Uniform 70 cm tissue culture
liners were potted on August 14, 1980 into 15 cm plastic pots containing
Metro Mix 300. Three rates of N (50, 150, and 300 ppm) from Peter's
20-20-20 were applied once, twice and three times weekly. Each solution
was added until the medium was saturated. Plants were grown under
natural photoperiod in a greenhouse which ranged from 25 to 330 C. A
randomized block design was used with 5 replications of 4 plants each.
The experiment was terminated at 12 weeks.
Results and Discussion: Fern dry weights increased with increasing
fertilizer rates. Plants treated with 150 ppm N twice weekly resulted in
fern dry weights equal to or greater than the other treatments. Frond
number responded similarly.
Tissue N also increased as N rates increased. Increasing the frequency
of a N rate did not increase foliar N content. The greatest dry weights
occurred when tissue N was greater than 2.0%; however frond color was
enhanced when foliar N was 3.4 to 3.6% (300 ppm N applied two and three
times weekly, respectively).
Applied P and K increased with increased N levels. Foliar P concentrations
did not vary among treatments with the exception of 50 ppm N. Greatest dry
weight occurred when tissue P concentration ranged from .73 to .81%. K con-
centrations did not vary with increased K fertilization.
Effects of Glyphosate on Three Field Grown Woody Ornamentals
Charles H. Gilliam and D. James Crockett
Nature of Work: Glyphosate (Roundup) was applied with a CO
2 
sprayer at 27
psi in 20 gallons of water per acre at 3 rates: 1/2, 1 and 2 lb/A ai during
June and August of 1980. Directed sprays were applied to the base of
Nandina domestica, Photinia fraseri, and Gardenia radicans. Lower foliage
of these plants received some glynhosate. One additional treatment, an
over the top wick application of Roundup and water (1:1), was applied in
August. There were 4 replications of 4 plants each. Data collected included
% weed control, growth, and hoeing time. Three primary weeds in this study
were Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and
yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus).
Results: Postemergence directed sprays of glyphosate increased percent
weed control with increasing rate of application. All plants were of
acceptable quality with the exception of the wick application. Glyphosate
provided 90 to 95% weed control of both grass species 90 days after the
second application. Control of Nutsedge was limited during the first
year; however, populations of all 3 of the primary weeds were reduced
during the second year of the study.
Plant height and width of Gardenia. were not affected by directed
sprays of glyphosate at any rate. When glyphosate was applied to Nandina
at the 2 pound ai rate, both plant height 
and width were suppressed. The
1 pound rate reduced Nandina width, but not height. With Photinia, the
1 and 2 pound rates increased plant height when compared to the 1/2 pound
rate.
Use of glyphosate alone did not reduce the necessity for hoeing.
However, use of the recommended rate of glyphosate resulted in at least
a 60% reduction in the hoeing time compared to the hand weeded checks 
of
Photinia and Gardenia.
Tolerance Evaluation of Five Postemerge Herbicides
for Container Weed Control
Cecil Pounders and Charles Gilliam
Nature of Work: Most container nurseries have weed problem areas where
preemergence herbicides fail to give control. Among the reasons for
poor control are improper application techniques, unfavorable environmental
factors or incorrect herbicide selection. Effective postemergence herbi-
cides could give nurserymen an alternative to hand-weeding for cleaning
up many of these areas where preemergents do not provide satisfactory control.
Roundup has been evaluated for this purpose (1) on a number of plant
cultivars. Several other materials have been tested for postemergence con-
trol of winter weeds (2), but plant tolerance to herbicides is generally
greater during dormancy thus more injury would be expected from spring and
summer applications than from late-fall winter treatments.
Five herbicides (Poast, Blazer, Goal, Basagran, Roundup) which have
given postemergence control of weeds in field crops were selected to
determine plant tolerance of Crimson Pygmy Barberry (Berberis thunbergi
atropureanana), Rotunda Holly (Ilex cornuta), Liriope (Liriope muscari),
Blue Rug Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis wiltoni) and Fraser's Photinia
(Photinia X Fraseri).
All plants were growing in a pine bark and sand mix in one gallon
containers under standard nursery practices. One over the top application
of the treatments listed in Table 1 was made on July 1, 1980. All treat-
ments were applied with a C02 backpack sprayer in 15 gallons of water per
acre. Experimental design consisted of four replications of four plants
each. Atplus surfactant oil was used in accordance with label instructions
with Basagran and Poast treatments.
Results and Discussion: Basagran produced the greatest injury of the five
chemicals in the study. It was particularly injurious to Blue Rug Juniper
in that all plants were killed. Pygmy Barberry 
was also very sensitive
to Basagran.
Goal and Blazer produced similar results on four of the five plant
cultivars. Goal was very injurious to Pygmy Barberry while Blazer gave
no apparent injury. 
Injury produced by both 
chemicals consisted primarily
of leaf spotting and deformation.
Roundup produced some stunting of Fraser Photinia.
and severely stunted Pygmy Barberry.
It killed stems
Applications of Poast resulted in little or no plant injury. No stunt-
ing or foliar injury was observed on any of the five species at either the
.5 or 1 lb./AI rate. The material enhanced the 
color of Pygmy Barberry by
giving the leaves a deeper red color. Manufacturer research indicates
Poast to have herbicide activity on grasses only.
Literature Cited:
1. Cobb, Gary S. and R. Self. 1979. Observations of phytotoxicity of
foliar applications of Roundup to nine ornamental species. Proc.
S.N.A. Research Conference 25:251-252.
2. Pounders, Cecil and T. Whitwell. 1979. Postemergence winter weed
control in containers. Proc. SN.A. Research Conference 25:243-245.
Table 1
Treatment AI/Acre
X % Injury
Rotunda Pygmy Blue Rug Fraser
Holly Barberry Liriope Juniper Photinia
1. Poast
2. Blazer
3. Goal
4. Basagran
5. Roundup
6. Poast
.5
.5
.5
4 0
016
15
151.0
.5
40
50
505
1.0
0
0
0
10 100
0
7. Check 
0 
0 0 
0 0
3
19
21
9
15
3
7. Check 0 0 0 0 0
Propagation of Clerya japonica 
(Ternstraemia
gymnanthera) by Cuttings
Fred B. Perry, Jr., Charles H. Gilliam,
and D. Joseph Eakes
Nature of Work: Seed propagation of Clerya japonica is normally practiced
in nurseries producing much variability 
among the seedling offspring. These
plants vary considerably in form, dwarfness, color, and vigor. Cutting
propagation would allow selection of clones with more dependable character-
istics.
One study was initiated in 1980 at the Alabama Agricultural Experiment
Station to determine the effects of four rates of NAA and four rates of
IBA at three different dates on rooting 
of Clerya japonica. A second study
evaluated the effect of the time of year cuttings were taken at one rate
of IBA.
Terminal cuttings 4 in. (10 cm) long from Clerya japonica plants
were made on June 23, 1980, October 10, 1980, and 
February 21, 1981. Leaves
from the basal 1/3 of each 
cutting were removed 
and a light wound 0.5 cm
wide was made on the lower 2 cm of the stem. 
Treatments consisted of dipping
the base of the cuttings in talc preparations of 
NAA or IBA containing 5%
Benlate. The talc preparations were: NAA 
at .25%, .50%, .75%, and 1.00% +
5% Benlate; IBA at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% + 5% Benlate; and 
a control of
talc + 5% Benlate.
Cuttings were then inserted into 6 x 8 mini pot trays, 2-3/8" deep
containing a moist medium of sphagnum peat and perlite (1:1 v/v). 
Flats con-
taining the mini pots were placed 
under intermittent mist scheduled to 
be
on 2.5 seconds every 5 min. 
during the daylight hours. 
A randomized com-
plete block design was used with the following number of cuttings per 
treat-
ment and number of replicates according to three dates: 6-23-80, 6 
cuttings
5 replications; 10-15-80, 12 cuttings - 3 replications, 
and 2-21-81, 12
cuttings -5 replications. A minimum bottom heat temperature 
of 700 F was
maintained.
In the second study, seasonal effects on rooting, cuttings were pre-
pared every 2 weeks beginning the third week of June for 10 propagation
dates. IBA, at 0.3% in talc + 5% Benlate, 
was the only hormone treatment.
Cutting preparation and handling was as 
described above. A complete
randomized block design with 18 cuttings per treatment 
and 4 replications
was used.
Results and Discussion: In the first 
study, the percent rooting of Clerya
rootings without any hormone treatment 
reduced from 67% in June to 13% in
February cuttings. NAA treated cuttings were no better rooted than 
the
control in October and were inhibited 
by increasing rates in June cuttings.
However, February cuttings treated with 
0.5% NAA yielded 82% rooting.
Although increasing rates of IBA from .5% 
to 2.0% gave greater rooting
percentages at all dates, ,the best results 
(93% rooted) were obtained with
June cuttings treated with 2.0% IBA. These 
rooting percentages reduced to
75% in October and 70% in February cuttings.
In the second study, the use of 0.3% 
IBA + 5% Benlate steadily
increased rooting of cuttings from June until September. 
Cuttings
taken every 2 weeks from September 22 to November 
11 averaged from almost
90% to 99% rooting with best results 
being 99% from September cuttings.
From these data, excellent rooting 
(93%) was observed on late June
cuttings of Clerya treated with 2.0% 
IBA in talc + 5% Benlate. However,
cuttings taken from the latter part 
of September through early November
responded with 90-99% rooting 
when treated with 0.3% IBA + 
5% Benlate.
Comparison of Slow Release Fertilizers 
on the Growth of
Schefflera, Brassaia actinophylla Endl.
Kenneth C. Sanderson, Willis 
C. Martin, Jr.,
and Lih-Jyu Shu
Nature of Work: Slow-release fertilizers have been used in 
the nursery
industry because of their ability to 
supply nutrients over an extended
period of time. Quality of woody 
ornamentals grown with slow-release
fertilizers has been found to be equal 
or poorer than from liquid fertili-
zation. Objectives of this study were 
1) to compare urea formaldehyde
fertilizers developed by the 0. M. Scott Co., Osmocote 
formulations by
Sierra Chemical Company and Peters liquid fertilizer 
by Robert B. Peters
Company on Schefflera, Brassaia 
actinophylla Endl. growth and 2) 
to com-
pare the rate of nutrient release of the test slow-release fertilizers.
A medium consisting of equal portions of builder's 
sand, sphagnum peat
moss, and pine bark amended with 7.1 lb. 
(3 kg) dolomitic limestone, 1.4
lb. (0.6 kg) Perk minor element additive, 
and 2.2 oz. (65 ml) Aqua-Gro wetting
agent per cu. yd. (0.8m
3
), was used in growth and medium 
analyses.
Schefflera seedlings, 4-6 inches (10-15 
cm) tall were transplanted into
6-inch (15 cm) pots and grown under 
standard greenhouse conditions for
foliage plants. Prior to transplanting, 
the slow-release fertilizers in
Table 1 were incorporated into the media. 
A high and low rate, based on
the nitrogen applied, was used for 
each slow-release fertilizer. 
A liquid
fertilizer treatment, Peters' 20-20-20, 
applied at the rate of 2 lb. per 100
gal. (2.4 g/liter) every 2 weeks, was 
also included. A randomized block
design with 4 replications of 4 plants 
per treatment was used. Data on
plant height, dry weight, and foliage color 
(1 = light green, 2 = medium
light green, 3 = medium dark green, and 4 = 
dark green) were taken 5 months
after treatment.
Media containing the low rates of Osmocote 
14-14-14, Scott 25-10-10,
Scott 23-9-9, and Scott 27-3-13 
were placed into 6-inch (15 
cm) pots and
irrigated until water drained 
through the pot. Media were 
than irrigated
as needed (soil kept moist) 
by adding 6 oz. (180 ml) of water 
to each pot.
At the 5th, 10th, and 25th irrigations, 
the media were collected and 
analyzed
for nitrogen (N), phosphorous 
(P), potassium (K), pH, and soluble 
salts.
There were three replications 
of one pot each in a randomized 
plot design.
6
Results and Discussion: Most of the fertilizer treatments resulted in
plants with similar heights. Scott 27-3-13 (8.1 lb./yd
3
) plants had
greater dry weights than plants of five of the fertilizer treatments.
Plants fertilized with Peters' liquid 20-20-20, Osmocote 18-6-12 (12.2
Ib./yd
3
), and Scott 25-10-10 (4.4 lb./yd
3
) were similar in dry weight.
Osmocote 14-14-14 (15.6 lb./yd
3
) produced plants with the least dry weight
but three other trea ments had similar weights. Plants grown with Scott
25-10-10 (8.8 lb./yd
J ) 
were shorter than plants fertilized with Peters'
liquid 20-20-20 and Scott 23-9-9 (5.4 1b./yd
3
) had the best foliage color,
medium light green, of any fertilizer treatment. A darker green foliage
color would have been desirable.
Ranging from 346 ppm (5th irrigation) to 124 ppm (25th irrigation),
medium of Osmocote 14-14-14 had the highest N concentration. Scott 27-3-13
medium had the lowest N concentration. Osmocote 14-14-14, Scott 27-9-9, and
Scott 27-3-13 media had high P concentrations at the 5th irrigation, how-
ever, only Osmocote 14-14-14 and Scott 23-9-9 media had P concentrations
in excess of 50 ppm at the 25th irrigation. All fertilized 
media had K
concentration in excess of 150 ppm at the 5th irrigation. 
High K concentra-
tion continued through the 10th irrigation, however, readings of 
Scott
25-10-10 medium (80 ppm) were almost half of the media concentrations 
from
the other fertilizers (140 to 197 ppm) at the 25th 
irrigation. Unfertilized
medium had a pH of 6.3-6.4. Osmocote 14-14-14 medium had a pH of 
5.5-5.6.
Scott 23-9-9 (5.9 at the 25th watering) was the only other fertilizer to
cause a sizeable reduction in medium pH. Soluble salts readings for the
fertilized media were relatively low. Osmocote 14-14-14 medium had 
a read-
ing of 160 millemhos at the 10th irrigation and this was the highest reading
of the experiment. Higher rates of Osmocote 14-14-14 need to be studied for
their effect on soluble salts.
Table 1. Height, Dry Weight and Foliage Color of
actinophlla FEndl. Growth With Various
Schefflera, Brassain
Fertilizers
Rate
Fertilizer 
lb./yd 
3  
kg/rn
3  
Height Dry Wt. Foliage 
Colory
(cm)Z (8),
Peter's liquid 20-20-20
Osmocote 14-14-14
Osmocote 14-14-14
Osmocote 18-6-12
Osmocote 18-6-12
Scott 23-9-9
Scott 23-9,9
Scott 27-3-13
Scott 27-3-13
Scott 25-10-10
Scott 25-10-10
2-- X
15.6
7.8
12.2
6.1
10.7
5.4
8.1
4.1
8.8
4.4
9.2
4.6
7.2
3.6
6.3
3.2
4.7
2.4
5.3
2.6
31.9aw
24. 8b c
2 5. 4bc
26. labc
25.4bc
26. 3abc
30. 3ab
29. 4abc
29. 4abc
23. 3c
2 9. labc
26. 2abc
17.5d
25. Obc
26. 7abc
24. 8bcd
31. 4ab
26. 3abc
33. 2a
23. 3cd
21. 7cd
26. 8abc
1. 2b
1. 3b
2. la
1. 3b
1. 4b
1. lb
1. 3b
1. 3b
1. 4b
1. lb
1. 2b
zConversions: 
metric to U.S.
2.5 cm . 1 inch. 28 g 1 ounce.
YFoliage color ranked: 1 = light green, 2 = medium light green,
and 4 w dark green.
3- medium dark green,
Xtiquid fertilizer applied at-the rate of 6-8 oz. of solution (2 lb. 20-20-20 per 100
gal. (2.4g/liter) per 6-inch (15 cm) pot.
w~i*ans in columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at 5%
level by Duncan's multiple range test.
Table 2. Nutrient Concentration, pH and Soluble Salts of Leachates from Various Slow-
Release Fertilized Media After 5, 10 and 25 Waterings
Rate Nutrient concentration(pm 
Soluble ealt
Fertilizer3 3 Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium, (millemhos)
lb./yd kg/rn Irrigations
5 10 25 5 10 25 5 10 25 5 10 25 5 102
None-- --- 4 3 10 19 15 9 32 35 26 6.4 6.3 
6.3 39 29 2
Osmocote 14-14-14 7.8 4.6 346 192 124 242 149 64 402 432 197 5.6 5.6 5.5 87 
160 9
Scott 25-10-10 4.4 2.6 28 38 83 141 91 35 152 193 80 6.4 6.2 6.1 52 50
Scott 23-9-9 5.4 3.2 7 52 84 155 71 54 199 210 140 6.4 4.1 5.9 67 60
Scott 27- 3-13 4.1 2.1 14 56 68 34 24 21 250 148 170 6.3 6.2 6.2 63 46
--- ~-- ~ ~ -r- r ~r rrr rrv ru
8
Effect of Supplementary Light and Gibberellic Acid on
Atrinal-Treated Azalea Cv. Kingfisher Shoots
Kenneth C. Sanderson, Willis C. Martin, Jr.,
and Lih-Jyu Shu
Nature of Work: Dikegulac sodium (Atrinal'") has been found to be an
effective chemical pinching agent on azaleas, Rhododendron cv. (1,3).
While increasing shoot numbers, dikegulac sodium delays shoot growth
for 5 to 6 weeks after application (4). This delay and growth retard-
ation are of considerable concern to azalea growers who must schedule the
production of a shoot prior to applying procedures for flower bud initia-
tion and development. Quite often this scheduling is critical because
natural environmental conditions are used in flower 
initiation and develop-
ment.
Preliminary work by the authors (2) indicated that supplementary light-
ing and gibberellic acid might stimulate 
shoot growth of dikegulac sodium-
treated azalea plants. The present investigation considers the effects of
a lower concentration of gibberellic acid and supplementary light on shoot
number and shoot length at 3 node positions.
Plants of the azalea cv. Kingfisher were sheared to a uniform height
of 7 inches (17.5 cm) on July 10. Plants were grown in a greenhouse. A
short-day treatment (8 hr ) was provided at shearing by covering the plants
4:30 PM to 8:30 AM each day. A long-day treatment was also established by
lighting covered plants from 10 PM to 2 AM (8 + 4 hr ) with approximately
10-20-ft-c (at the top of the plant) of incandescent light. On July 17, a
5,000 ppm dikegulac sodium spray was applied to half of the plants in each
light treatment at the rate of 0.7 oz. (20 ml) per 
plant. The remaining
plants (check) received no spray. Gibberellic acid (KGA
3
) treatments of
0, 20, 100, and 500 ppm applied on July 31 at the rate of 0.5 oz. (15 ml)
per plant. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with light treat-
ments as main plots and dikegulac sodium and gibberellic acid treatments as
sub-plots and sub-sub plots, respectively. Nodes were numbered from 1 to
3 starting at the apex of the plant or shearing point. Shoot lengths were
measured on shoots developing from nodes 1 to 3 on September 15. Total
shoot number per plant was also determined at this time.
Results and Discussion: There were no differences in the number of shoots
as a result of photoperiod treatments. Under both photoperiods, dikegulac
sodium-treated plants had more shoots than check plants (Table 1). Gibberellic
acid did not influence the 
shoot number of plants grown 
on the 8 hr. photo-
period; however when plants were grown on the 8 + 4 hr photoperiod and when
photoperiod data were combined, a 500 ppm KGA
3 
spray reduced shoot number
(Table 2).
Photoperiod treatments produced significant differences in the length
of shoots developing at node 2 (8 hr = 60.Ob v.s. 8 + 4 hr = 65.5a) and
node 3 (8 hr = 59.3b v.s. 8 + 4 hr = 64.9a) but not at node 1 (8 hr = 57.1a
9
v.s. 8 hr + 4 = 55.1a). Dikegulac sodium caused a significant reduction
in shoot length at all node positions and photoperiods with the exception
of shoots developing at node 3 under the 8 + 4 hr photoperiod (Table 3).
When the photoperiod data were combined, dikegulac sodium reduced shoot
length at all node positions. Sprays of KGA3 did not significantly
influence the length of the shoots at any node positions when plants were
grown on the 8 + 4 hr photoperiod and at node 3 on the 8 hr photoperiod
(Table 4). At nodes 1 and 2 under the 8 hr photoperiod, plants sprayed
with 500 ppm KGA3 had longer shoots than check plants. When the photoperiod
data were combined, KGA
3 
sprays did not significantly influence shoot length
at node 3, however plants receiving 100 or 500 ppm KGA
3 
sprays produced longer
shoots at nodes 1 and 2 than untreated plants.
This study shows that dikegulac sodium increases shoot number and
decreases shoot length of sheared azale3s. Supplementary lighting during
short photoperiods (8 hr) increases the length of shoots produced at nodes
below the first node on the plant stem. Sprays of KGA
3 
increased the length
of shoots produced at nodes near the top of the stem on plants grown on a 8
hr photoperiod.
Publications:
1. Sanderson, K. C. and W. C. Martin, Jr. 1977. Effect of dikegulac
as a post-shearing shoot-inducing agent on azaleas, Rhododendron
spp. HortScience. 12:337-338.
2. Sanderson, K. C. and W. C. Martin, Jr. 1979. Shoot development on
dikegulac sodium (AtrinalR) - treated azaleas. Proc. SNA Res.
Confr. 25:11-12.
3. Shu, L. J. and K. C. Sanderson. 1979. Comparisons of several chemical
pinching agents on azaleas. Proc. SNA Res. Confr. 24:201-202.
4. Sanderson, K. C. and W. C. Martin, Jr. 1980. Dikegulac sodium
influences shoot growth of greenhouse azaleas. HortScience 15:
813-814.
10
Table 1. Effect of Dikegulac Sodium (Atrinal )M on Total
Number of Shoots on Azal ea Cv. Ki ngf isher Pl ants
Grown Under Two, Photoperiods.
Dike ulac Sodium
(pm]Th
Photoperi od
8 hr
78. 7bZ
102.5a
0
5,000
Mean 90.6a
8 + 4 hr
80.4b
116.9a
98.8a
ZMeans within a box having the same letter 
or letters are not significantly
different by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
Table 2. Effect of Gibberellic Acid (KGA
3
) on Total Shoot Number of
Azalea Cv. -Kingfisher Plants Grown Under Two Photoperiods.
Gibberellic Acid
ppm).
0
20
100
500
Mean
8 hr
76.4aZ
95.6a
95.5a
90.8a
89. 8a
Photo peri od
8 + 4 hr
106.Oa
106 . a
101.8a
75.Ob
98.Oa
Mean
79.5b
109.9a
Me an
92. 2ab
101 .4a
98.6a
83.4b
ZMeans within a box having the same letter or letters are not significantly
different by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
I i
I
w_ I
11
Table 3. Effect of Dikegulac Sodium (Atrinal) on Shoot Length at
Three Node Positions of Azalea Cv. Kingfisher
Plants Grown Under Two Photoperiods.
Dikegulac Sodium (ppm)
Shoot length at node 1 (mm)Z
o (check)
5,000
Shoot len th at node 2 (mm)
0 (check)
5,000
Shoot length at node 3 (mm)
0 (check)
5,000
Photoperi od
8hr 8+4hr
70. 7ay
41.6b
70.2a
48.3b
66.4a
50.8b
65.6a
43. 8b
73.9a
56.8b
73.1a
56.5a
ZNode position counted from the plant apex or shearing point.
YMeans within columns for node position having the same letter or letters are
not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
Table 4. Effect of Gibberellic Acid (KGA ) on Shoot Length at Three
Node Positions of Azalea Cv. Kingfisher Plants
Grown Under Two Photoperiodso
Gibberellic Acid (ppm)
Shoot length at node 1 (mm)Z
0
20
100
500
Shoot length at node 2 (mm
0
20
100
500
Shoot length at node 3 (mm)
0
20
100
500
Photoperi od
8hr 8+4hr
48.0Oby
52.S5ab
62. 8a
63.6a
51. 3b
60. 3ab
61 .7ab
65. 5a
49. 8a
55.Oa
66.9a
64. 4a
50.Oa
53.Oa
57.3a
60.6a
55.Oa
73. 2a
63.9a
71 .Oa
61 .2a
61 .5a
67. Oa
70. 7a
Mean
68.2a
42.8b
72.1a
52.6b
69.7a
53.8b
Mean
49. 1 c
52.8bc
60 . Cab
62. 2a
53.3b
67.2a
62. 8a
68.l1a
55. 8a
58. 4a
66. 9a
67. 3a
z Node position 
coun ted from the 
plant apex or shearing 
point.
y Means within columns for node position having the same letter or letters are
notI significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
12
Growth of Schefflera, Brassaia actinophylla Endl.
in Carib Peat-Amended Media
Kenneth C. Sanderson and Willis C. Martin, Jr.
Nature of Work: Sphagnum peat moss, the most widely used amendment in
container media, has become increasingly unavailable, expensive, and
variable in quality. Carib peat, a product manufactured in Honduras by
shredding the shell and fiberous husk of the coconut, may be a suitable
sphagnum peat moss substitute. Carib peat has a pH of 6.5 and the element
concentrations shown in Table 1. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
research (unpublished) has shown it to be a satisfactory media amendment for
various floricultural crops. The present study considers its use as a
media amendment in the production of Schefflera, Brassaia actinophylla 
Endl.
Schefflera seedlings from 1-1/4 inch (3.1 cm) cell packs were planted
in 6-inch (15.2 cm) azalea pots containing 4 media treatments: 
1:1:1
(v/v/v) sand, sphagnum peat moss, and pine bark, 1:1 sand and sphagnum 
peat
moss; 1:1:1 sand, Carib peat, and pine bark; and 1:1 
sand and Carib peat.
Each medium received 7.1 lb. (3.0 kg) dolomitic limestone, 1.5 
lb (0.7 kg)
Perk minor element additive and 2.2 oz. (65.1 ml) Aqua Gro wetting agent 
per
cu. yd. (0.8m
3
). Media treatments were arranged in a completely 
randomized
design with 4 treatments, 5 replications and 5 plants 
per treatment. Plants
were grown in a lightly shaded greenhouse with a 
minimum night temperature
of 62 F.
Peter's soluble 20-20-20 fertilizer, 2 lb. per 100 gal. 
(2.4g/liter),
was applied to the plants weekly. About 6 months 
after initiation of treat-
ments (January 27 - August 2), the height and dry 
weight of the plants were
recorded.
Results and Discussion: Plants growing in Carib 
peat-amended media were
taller than plants growing in sphagnum peat moss-amended 
media (Table 2).
Plants growing in the 2 Carib peat-amended media 
had similar heights.
There were no statistical differences in the dry 
weights of the plants
grown in the 4 media. This study shows that Carib peat 
is an acceptable
substitute for sphagnum peat moss used for growing 
Schefflera.
13
Table 1. Element Concentration of Shredded
Coconut Husks (Carib Peat).
Element
Dry Weight
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Manganese
Iron
Aluminum
Boron
Copper
Zinc
Strontium
Barium
Sodium
0.07
0.02
1.34
0.13
0.16
11.8
83.8
9.3
56.4
5.4
20. 9
16.4
3.2
221. 7
Table 2. Height and Dry Weight 
of Brassaia actinophylla Endi. 
Plants
Grown in Carib Peat-and Sphagnum 
Peat Moss-Amended Media.
Media (by volume) 
Plant height Dry weight
-~__ ____ ___(cm)
1:1:1 Carib peat, sand and 
pine bark 
46.4a z 107.2a
1:1 Carib peat and sand 
40.4a 98.Oa
1:10:1 Sphagnum peat moss, sand and pine bark 38.9b 
95.6a
1:1 Sphagnum peat moss and sand 
38.9b 98.6a
z
Means in columns followed by 
the same letter(s) are not significantly 
different
at the 5% level by Ducan's 
multiple range test.
== == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == 0 == == == == == == == == ==
14
Author and Subject Index
Series Numbers 22 to 28
Prepared by Kenneth C. Sanderson and Grace Ho
Accel
ACR 1158D
Advertising Practices of Alabama
Retail Florist
African Violet (Saintpaulia
ionantha H. Wendi)
Ancymidol (A-Rest
Antirrhinum majus
Atrinal (Dikegulac)
Azalea (Rhododendron 
hybrida cv.)
Branching agent
Media
Pinching agent
Rooting
Shoot development
Light
Basagran
Bayer 102612
Bayer 102613
Begonia
Reiger Elatior Begonias
B. semper florens 'Scarletta'
Benel ate
Berberis thunbeg
Blazer
B-Nine (daminozide)
Branching agent
Brassaia actinophylla
Butts, Jeffrey
Breeding (African violet)
California Nurseries: Innovations,
Management & Problems
Camellia sasangu
Root agent
CBBP
CEPA
Clerodendron thornsoniae.
Cleryajaponica
Chi ormequat
Chemical pinching
Chems hear
25:1-2,3-4
24:4-5
23: 16-17
25:20
22:1,1; 23:1, 12-15; 24:2-3,5-6,9-10,25:12-15
25:12-15, 26:1-17
24:7-8;25:1-3,3-4,8-10,11; 26:28-33;27:5-9,
10-12,28: 13-19;26: 17-26
22:6-7;25:8-10,27:4- 9
22: 7-9;216:1-17
24:7-8;25:1-2,3-4;26:17-27,.28;27:5-9,0-12,28:13-
22:1,2;27:l-4,4-9 19
25:11;26:i7-26
28:13-19
28:3-4
22:1
23:1
24:2-3
25:12-15
28:6-7
28:3-4
28:3-4
22:1; 25:7;24:2-3;27:5-9
22 :6,26 :17-26 ,28-33 ,23: 1-3 ;28: 13-19
28'--8-12 ,20-23
22: 10-13
25:20
26:27
22:2;27:1-4
23: 12-15
22:1 ;23:12-15;25:1-2
23:1 ;24.:9-10
28:6-7
23:1; 24:2-3,9-10
24: 3-4 ,7-8;25: 1-2 ,3-4;26 :17-265,28-235,27: 5-9,
10-12,13-17,28:13-19
25: 1-2 ,3-4 ;27: 5-9 ,13-17
15
Chrysanthemums
Branching agent
Chemical pinching
Foliar analysis
Growth retardant
Shoot development
Watering method
Sewage & refuse media
Cornus florida
Cotton, Allan
Crockett, D. 3.
Cuts tart
Cycoce1
Dean, Susan
Deese, Hugh
Dikegulac-see Atrinal
DPX 1840
Evaluation of snapdragon
cultivars grown in Central Ala.
Eakes, 3. D.
Easter Lily (Lilium iongiflorum
cv.)
EHPP
Ethephon (Ethrel or CEPA)
Evans, C. E.
Fern-Roosevelt's (Nprjjpsis
exalata L. Shott Rooseveltii)
Fertilization
Floral Arrangements in Alabama
Funeral Homes
Flowering (geranium)
Foliar analysis
Fuchsia x hybrida Voss
Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia radicans
Geranium (P-e -- orponium hortorum
'Spi'nter Scarlett'
Gilliam, C. H.
Gibberellic acid
Glyphosi ne
Goal
Gogue, G. Jay
Goslin, William E.
Ilex latifolia
Rooting
22:1 ,6- 7,23:2-3
24: 3-4 ;27: 13-17
23: 5-11
24:4-5;25:5-7 ,16-17
23:2,25:11
24:6-7
26:1-7
22:1
24:1 -2
28:1-2
22:1-3
24: 2-3 ,9-10 ;27 :5-9
23:4
23:16-17
23:2-3,12-15
23:17
28:677
23:12-15;26:1-17
23:12-15
22:1,2,5;23:1,12-15;24:2-3;25:1-2,3-49
27:1-4,5-9
28:1
28:1
28:01 98-12
24:1-2
24: 5-6 ;26 :1-17
23 :5-11
25: 16-17
22:1
28:1
25: 12-15
28:1-2,3-4,6-7
22:1 ;25:11;28:13-20
23:2-3;28:2,,3-4
28:3-4
23:5-11
23: 12-15
22:1$,2-5-6-7:7-10;25:5-7512-15916-17
25:16-17
24:2-3,3-4,5,9
22:1 ;27:1-3
22:1 ,28:6-7
22:6-7
22:1 ,2;27:1l-4
26:1-17
28:34
26:1-17
22:1
Impatiens sultani
Index Volume -T-
Horticulture -Ornamental
Interior plants
Jiffy grow
Juniperus conferta
Rooting
Ethephon
Sewage-refuse media
Weed control
KGA
Liriope muscari
Mahonia beali
Marcus, Karen A.
Martin, Willis C. Jr.
Media
Mitchell, Ted
Mulches
Murray, Gary E.
NAA
Nandina domestica
Nephrolepsi 
s exalata
Nia 10637
Off-Shoot-O
Osmanthus heterophyl lus
Osmanthus ilicifolius
Osmocote
Patterson, Richard M.
PBA
Pelargonium hortorum
Perry, F. B.
Petunia x hybrida Vilm
Photinina fraseri
Pittosporum tobira
Rooting
Poast
Pounders, Cecil
Propagation
Root inducing compounds
Pinching agent before rooting
Rootone
Rosa hybrida
Royal tac
SADH
Salvia splendens
Sanderson, K. C.
25:12-15
22:10-13
25:18-19;26:34-36
23:4-5
22:1,2
22:1,1,2
27:1-4
26:1-17
28:3-4
22:1;25:11;28:13-19
28:34
22:1
23:12-15
22:6,7-9;23: 1,2,12-15,17;24:2-3,3-4,4-5,
5-6,6-7,7-8,9-10;25:5-7,8-10;11;16-17;
27:10-12,13-17;28:8-12,13-19,20-23
22:7-9;23:5-11;26:1-17;28:20-23
25:20
26:1-17
25:12-15
22:1;28:6-7
28:2
28:1
22:1,1
24:7-8;25:1-2,3-4,8-10;26:28-33;27:5-9,
10-12,13-17
27:1-4
22:1
28:8-12
27:1-4
22:6-7;23:1,2;27:5-7
26:1-17
28:6-7
25:16-17
28:2,3-4
22:1,2;27:1-4
28:3-4
28:3-4
22:1,2;27:1-4;28:6-7
25:1-2;27:5-9
22:1-3
22:1
25: 1-2,3-4;27:5-9
22:1;27:2-3,4-5i?7:5-9
25:12-15
22:1,1 ,2-5,6-7;7,10-13;23:1,2-3,4;5-11,
12-15,16-17,17;2'4:1-2,2-3,3-4,4-5,5-6,
6-7,7-8,9-10;25:1-2,3-4,5-7,8-10,11,
12-15,16-17,18-19;26:1-16,17-26,27,28-33,34
27:1-4,5-9,10-12,13-17 ;28:8-12,13-19,20-23
16
17
Sewage-Refuse compost
Ornamental plants
Shoot development
Snapdragon, cultivar evaluation
Sewage refuse media
Shu, Lih-Jyu
Shumack, Ronald L.
Stemtrol
Tagetes erecta
TD 6528
TD 6596
TD 6770M0
TD 6773MO
Teaching
Ternstraemia gymnanthera
Thuja occidentalis
Rooting
Tipnip
UBI-P 293
Viburnum burkwoodii
Watering method
Weed control
26:1-16
23:2;25:3-4,11 ;26:17-26;28:13-19
23:17;25:12-15
26:1-17
25:1-2,3-4;26:17-26;27:5-9;28:8-12,13-19
28:1
24:4-5;25:5-7,16-17
25:12-15
24:3-4,7-8
24:7-8
24:3-4
23:1 ;24:3-4,7-
25:18-19 ;26:34-36
28:6-7
22:1;27:1-4
25:1-2,3-4;27:5-9,13-17
24:3-4;25:1-2,3-4;27:5-9,13-17
26:1-17
24:6-7
28:2,3-4
18
Note on Back Issues of Research Results
for Ornamental Horticulturists
Kenneth C. Sanderson
Back issues of Research Results for Ornamental Horticulturists are
in short supply. On special request,xeroxed copies of a back issue can
be supplied. Completed sets of Research Results for Ornamental Horti-
culturists have been deposited with the following libraries:
I. Auburn University Ralph Draughon Library, Auburn Univ., AL.
2. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo,
CA 39407.
3. College of Chinese Culture, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
4. Cornell University Mann Library, Ithaca, NY.
5. Glasshouse Crops Research Institute, Littlehampton, West Sussex,
Great Britian.
6. Universitatbibliotek Hannover, Hannover, West Germany.
7. Louisiana State University, 
Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
8. University of Maryland McKeldin Library, College Park, MD. 20742.
9. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823.
10. National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C.
11. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
12. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331.
13. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
14. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
a
t