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2000 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
2000 ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL 
EXPERIMENT STATION 
"
AAES ADMINISTRATIVE 
OFFICERS
Luther Waters, 
Jr., Director,
Auburn University
Robin Huettel, 
Executive 
Associate 
Director,
Auburn University
McArthur 
Floyd,Associate 
Director,
Alabama A&M University
Richard Brinker,Associate 
Director,
School of Forestry and 
Wildlife Sciences
June Henton, 
Associate 
Director,
College of Human Sciences
Stewart Schneller, 
Associate 
Director,
College of Sciences 
and Mathematics
Tim Boosinger, 
Associate 
Director,
College of Veterinary 
Medicine
This report was produced 
by the Office of Research Information
James R. Roberson, Editor
Catherine L. Smith, Associate 
Editor
Leigh A. Stribling, Associate Editor
Teresa E. Rodriguez, Designer
Information cotrcained heL ein is 
aailatble to all
reg~ardless of race, color, sex?, 
or nItionaIl origin.
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24
LETTER FROM
DIRECTOR LUTHER 
WATERS
What we heard 
at area meetings 
held
throughout Alabama 
during 2000 has
convinced me 
that we must do 
a better
job of telling 
people what 
the Alabama
Agricultural Experiment 
Station (AAES)
does and how 
its programs positively
affect their lives. 
During 2001 we 
hope
to chart a steady 
and progressive 
course
that will enhance 
agriculture, 
forestry,
and the lives of 
all Alabamians.
To that end we 
are taking this 
opportuni-
ty in the 2000 AAES 
annual report, 
mil-
lennium edition, 
to look at our 
past,
examine where 
we are at present, 
and
look ahead at 
our future course.
We welcome 
you to these pages
and invite you 
to join us in
our progress.
ne of Alabama's best-
kept secrets is its
Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Station
(AAES).With researchers 
in
the biological, 
agricultural,
veterinary, and human 
sci-
ences, the AAES 
has been quietly 
doing its
job of providing 
scientific support 
of
Alabama's agricultural 
and forest industry 
for
more than 100 years. 
Results of this work
are apparent in 
the continuing success 
of
agriculture and forestry 
in the state, both 
of
which make major 
contributions to
Alabama's total 
economy.
What is not well 
known is how AAES
research directly 
serves the non-agricultural
segment of Alabama's 
population.
Development of 
superior food, fiber, 
and
ornamental crops-along 
with more efficient
methods of producing 
and processing-
translate into better 
and more affordable
consumer products. 
But this is only part 
of
the story. Projects 
on such widely 
varying
topics as clothing and textiles, biology and
cell systems, wildlife and fisheries manage-
ment, housing and equipment, social and
political organization, environmental protec-
tion, and human nutrition are examples of
non-farming research that contributes to the
well being and happiness of all Alabamians.
AAES Scientists: Most AAES research at
Auburn University is conducted by faculty
members in five colleges and
schools-Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife
Sciences, Human Sciences, Sciences and
Mathematics, and Veterinary Medicine-most
of whom hold joint teaching, research, and
extension appointments. However, research
by faculty of other
University units may be
funded to take advan-
tage of special expert-
ise needed to solve
specific problems.
Although the AAES is headquartered on the
Auburn campus, it blankets the state with
research and extension centers representing
every soil and climatic region of Alabama.
Scientists from any school or college at
Auburn or at other land-grant institutions in
the state can use these outlying centers in
AAES-sponsored research to address specif-
ic agricultural and forestry problems that
may arise in different areas of Alabama.
e. $
AAES History
The Alabama Agricultural 
Experiment
Station (AAES) traces its beginning 
to February
23, 1883, when it was created 
by an act of the
Alabama Legislature and located at 
Auburn
(home of Alabama A&M College, 
which later
became Auburn University).The 
legislation
established the Station's mission 
of service-to
conduct scientific research 
to enhance the
establishment and maintenance 
of permanent
and effective agricultural and 
forestry industries
in the state-which still serves 
as the guide for
AAES programs of work.
Work of the AAES began in 
a humble
fashion, with a couple of researchers 
working on
the few problems they were 
able to address
with limited resources. From this 
beginning
developed today's program of 
research that
encompasses thousands of individual 
experi-
ments that seek answers to 
problems that are
important to the well being of 
all citizens of
Alabama.
In the beginning: 1883-1900
In February 1883, at the 
insistence of
Alabama farmers, who needed 
protection from
unscrupulous commercial fertilizer 
dealers, the
Alabama Legislature passed the 
Hawkins' Bill.
This bill provided for the inspection 
and certifi-
cation of fertilizers sold within the 
state.
Alabama's land-grant college 
at Auburn was given
the task of performing analyses 
of fertilizer sam-
ples, receiving in return one-third 
of the pro-
ceeds collected from a fee charged 
to the fertil-
izer sellers.The majority of the 
funds provided
to the college was spent 
in performing the fertil-
izer analyses, but 
some money was 
left to buy
land for the Agricultural 
Experiment Station at
Auburn.
A small demonstration farm 
had been
operated as a teaching laboratory for agricultur-
al classes since the Agricultural 
and Mechanical
College of Alabama was established 
in 1872 as
the state's land-grant 
college.With 
money
advanced by the 
state in 1883, the 
college's
trustees purchased another 
226 acres for farm
research plots and employed a Virginia-educated
scientist, James S. Newman, 
as the Experiment
Station's first director and the College's 
second
professor of agriculture.
Director Newman began investigations
on Station farms 
plots devoted to 
cotton, oats,
wheat, sweet potatoes, and a variety 
of fruits and
vegetables-all with the help of a staff that includ-
ed only a chemist and his two laboratory 
assis-
tants.At the time, 
Newman also was 
directing
experiments on the Canebrake Experiment
Station, near Uniontown, after
its creation 
in 1885 by 
a
Legislature determined to aid
the state's most important
farming region, the Black Belt.
Beginning in 1887, when
the U.S. Congress passed the
Hatch Act to provide 
$ 15,000
annually to each state for an
agricultural research station, the
Auburn Station was able to
expand its program of 
experi-
ments for Alabama farmers. In
the next year, Director
i n~ns
J. F. Duggar
Newman enlisted the aid of coop-
erating farmers to test different
mixes of fertilizers and cotton culti-
vation practices on the variety of soils found
across the state. In 1893, the cooperative
arrangement was extended to corn growers and
in 1901 to farmers with pasture lands.
The federal money also allowed the
Station to add to its scientific staff RP.H. Mell, who
was employed in 1888 as the Station botanist.
And, in 1889, an outstanding biologist was found
in G.F.Atkinson.
In 1892 C.A. Cary joined the College
and Station as a veterinarian and also served the
Station as a dairy and meat inspector. Cary also
administered the Experiment Station-sponsored
farmer meetings that were forerunners of the
Alabama Cooperative Extension System.
In 1896,J. F. Duggar established a plot
to test and demonstrate the advantages of
rotating cotton with nitrogen-restoring legume
crops-a project known as the "old rotation,"
which has been carried on continuously on the
same plots since 1896.A horticulturist and an
entomologist also joined the Experiment Station
staff in 1896.
Change is
the law
of life, and
those who
look only
to the
past
Early progress: 
1900-1950 
past
A host of new concerns 
was or the
added to the AAES agenda in the present
first half of the 20th century. With are 
certain
increased funding 
and a larger, more 
to miss
specialized corps of scientists, the
the future.
Experiment 
Station was 
able to
JOHN
address problems as they arose: the ERL
.: 7ERALD
boll weevil invasion of the 1920s, the 
KENNEDY
persistent economic depression of the
1920s and 1930s, and the special
demands of war in the 1940s.
In 1906 annual federal appropriations
to the Station tripled and agricultural investiga-
tions were enlarged. Further financial help came
in 1907 when the state legislature replaced
the cumbersome fertilizer tax with direct
appropriations.
Under Marion Funchess, who served
as director of the AAES from 1924 to 1951,
a system of outlying units was created.
Confronted by a long-standing agricultural
depression, the Alabama Legislature moved to
link research more directly to conditions of a
particular location. In 1927, research substations
were established to conduct experiments on five
major Alabama soil regions and experiment
fields were founded for 10 important but less
A
extensive soil regions. Between 1943 and 1948, A
A
five additional substations followed, two of
E
which were devoted specifically 
to horticultural
S
crops, and in 1946 a plant breeding unit was
established. 2
As Funchess had 
envisioned, cooperative 
o
research on outlying 
units has played an impor- 
0
tant role in the Experiment 
Station's research 
0
program and made major contributions to agri-
culture and forestry in Alabama. In addition to 5
m
tt1t'
affording the obvious advantages 
of attacking and
solving problems unique to 
the area where the
unit is located, outlying units 
that blanket the
state serve as a window through 
which
Alabamians can watch research 
firsthand.
Modern methods: 1950-2000
In the last half 
of the 
20
th century,
Alabama agriculture has changed 
greatly. Farming
has become more diversified and business
oriented and farm numbers 
have decreased as
individual farm size increased.The 
AAES has
changed a great deal too, to provide 
the knowl-
edge necessary for farmers and 
consumers to
adapt to their rapidly changing 
world.
During the 1950s and 60s the Station
staff become larger and more specialized 
as beef
cattle, poultry, and wildlife 
conservation became
topics of increased research interest.The
Station's office and research 
facilities as well
as the outlying units grew as well.
During the 1970s a 3,200-acre tract 
in
Shorter, Alabama, was developed 
for agronomic
and horticulture research and 
the bulk of beef
and dairy cattle field work.This 
complex was
named in honor of E.V. Smith, 
director of the
Experiment Station for 21 years.
In more recent years,Alabama 
farmers
like those in the rest of the 
nation have faced
the grave problems of consistently 
low market
prices, high interest rates, and 
escalating produc-
mar
r
(111
tion input costs. 
Cost-efficiency 
has
thus become extremely important in
agriculture, and the Experiment Station
has directed much of its research
toward finding ways to lessen 
the
severity of the 
persistent cost-price
squeeze. Multi-cropping studies seek to make
the most efficient 
use of land, labor, 
and
equipment, while reduced tillage investigation
holds promise for soil and energy conserva-
tion. As proper timing of fertilizer and 
pesti-
cide applications 
has become more 
impor-
tant for economic and environmental 
rea-
sons, research into these areas has increased.
Feed-efficient methods of producing 
live-
stock, poultry, and fish have also become of
greater concern to Station scientists.
Technological advances have introduced
Global Positioning System applications and
advanced genetic 
research results to 
farming
as well.
In an effort to better meet the needs
of those they serve, the AAES has joined
with the research/experiment stations 
at
Alabama A&M University 
and Tuskegee
University to create the Alabama Agricultural
Land Grant Alliance (AALGA).AALGA 
is a
commitment by these 
institutions to pool
their expertise and their resources to
strengthen their research effort.
As the 21st century 
begins, the
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station 
is
engaged in a search for the most efficient
way to use its funds-much as it had been
when it was formally established in 1883.
The story of the Station's performance 
in
the face of today's challenges belongs 
not to
the past, but to the future.
we ar:
Economic
Opportunities
THE MARKETPLACE OF TASTE
The ultimate success of a commodity
product such as cotton largely depends on the
ability of the apparel/textile industry to use this
fiber in clothing and textile products that suc-
cessfully compete in the "marketplace of taste."
An AAES project in the College of Human
Sciences is developing an online method to
study consumers' visual preferences for clothing
and home furnishings. In other words, why do
these shoppers leave stores empty-handed?
This information helps the textile indus-
try identify key consumer segments most inter-
ested in innovative home textile designs, deter-
mine the sources of consumer dissatisfaction
with apparel and home textile products, and
learn of shoppers' stylistic preferences and
emerging tastes.The development of an online
research tool provides producers and retailers
with rapid-response feedback to changing con-
sumer tastes so that cotton-based products can
retain a competitive advantage in the
domestic and international marketplaces. 3
LONG LIVE THE LONGLEAF PINE
When settlers first began building
their homes and communities throughout 'f
the Southeast, longleaf pine forests covered
some 90 million acres ranging from Virginia
S A y l nn
i ed
don't
acres of longleaf 
forest remain, 
but 
there
interest in the longleaf pine is growing. Ch
AAES researchers in the 
I rd
School of Forestry and Wildlife
Sciences are studying ways to sustain
the longleaf pine ecosystem, promote
HENRY FORD
sensible management of natural
resources, and expand economic trade
opportunities for agricultural producers and
other rural partners.The longleaf pine forest is
central to maintaining a diverse ecosystem. Its
timber is more valuable than that obtained from
other pine tree species.The longleaf pine is
more disease and insect resistant. It is very tol-
erant of fire, and longleaf forests provide habitat
for a multitude of insects, bird, animals, and
other plant life that cannot be found in other
types of forests.
POINSETTIAS - BIG BUSINESS FOR THE
FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY
Poinsettias are more than traditional
floral decorations for the holiday season.They
are big business in the floricultural industry
nationwide and also in Alabama. Research under-
way at the Ornamental Horticulture Research
Station in Mobile is helping ensure the stability
of that market and expand it by identifying new
cultivars that fit the needs of both growers and
consumers. A
According to the 1999 floricul- A
tural crop survey, poinsettias repre- E
sented approximately one-third S
($228 of the $765 million) of the
E United States and more than one- 2
half ($5.4 of the $10.1 million) of 0
Alabama's wholesale potted flower- 0
ing plant markets.Through the years, 0
improved cultivars have greatly
increased post-harvest 
longevity; added a variety
of colors, patterns, 
and flower shapes; 
and
improved handling 
and growing characteristics.
These breeding improvements 
are a primary
reason that poinsettias 
continue to increase 
in
popularity as a symbol 
of the Christmas 
season
in many parts of 
the world.
Results of this study 
indicate that the
development of 
new cultivars is 
expanding the
choices of both Alabama 
consumers and growers
alike. Many of these 
cultivars appear 
to be well
suited for production 
in Gulf Coast growing 
con-
ditions, and unique 
poinsettias are attracting 
the
attention of consumers 
looking for new options
in their floral holiday 
decorating.
THIS GRASS IS 
GREENER
Golf course and 
athletic field managers
as well as homeowners 
recognize the results 
of
wear and compaction 
on turfgrass.Worn 
spots,
torn turf, and bare 
patches are visible 
signs of
the effects of foot 
and vehicle traffic 
on golf
courses; soccer, 
football, and other 
athletic fields;
and lawns. Foot 
and vehicle traffic 
also causes
soil compaction, 
which decreases 
depth of root-
ing, hinders water 
and nutrient uptake 
by the
grass, and increases turf stress. Applying fertilizer
and aerifying the 
soil are two solutions 
to allevi-
ating soil compaction and turf wear. 
But little is
known about the 
effects of specific aerification
practices.
In an effort to answer 
some of these
questions,AAES researchers recently studied the
effects of frequent 
aerification on Auburn
University's Marching 
Band Practice 
Field, a
hybrid bermudagrass (Tifway) field that receives
a great deal of traffic 
throughout the 
year.They
found that the 
more frequently 
aerified plots
greened earli-
er in the 
year,
had less annu-
al bluegrass
(an undesir-
able 
weed)
on them, and
were also (
softer.
Where we are now:
Quality of Life
CHILDREN ON TRACK
People involved with children have long
known that the quality of family and peer rela-
tionships is associated with children's behavior
and confidence levels. Results from a long-term
study on social development of children, con-
ducted by AAES researchers in Human
Development and Family Studies, indicate that
"elationships and
experiences at
particular 
points
in time-switch
points-play
an impor-
tant role in a
child's social
develop-
ment. Switch points are those points in develop-
ment when individuals seem to be on one track
and some influence alters that path.These influ-
ences include pivotal relationships between the
parent and child or teacher and child; between
the child and an after-school care giver; in peer
associations; and in mentor relationships.
A variety of economic and social factors
are also being considered, such as the family's
income level; their neighborhoods; and whether
they live in urban, rural, or sub-rural settings.
Another component of the research is to under-
stand how young children's personality charac-
teristics may shape the kinds of social experi-
ences they have later in life. Underway since the
subject group was age four, the study will be
completed in 2002 when participants are 19.
PASTURE PROGRESS
For Alabama cattle producers, the red
imported fire ant is a widespread and often
troublesome pest in pastures. Control of this
insect is desirable, but conventional methods
can be expensive and labor-intensive. Most
The ultimate
measure of
a man is
not where
he stands in
moments of
comfort and
convenience,
even require that cows be removed
but where
from the pastures during and after
treatment. 
he stands
In research over the past year, at times of
AAES entomologists 
found that treat- 
challenge
ments applied to the entire pasture and
area were more effective than treat-
controversy.
ments applied only around the perime-
MARTIN
ter of the pasture. Future research will
LUTHER
focus on perimeter 
treatment meth- 
iNG, Jo,
ods, which may be effective on a small-
er scale and with different application
patterns.These results will help scien-
tists develop management plans that employ effi-
cient application of environmentally safe insecti-
cides to reduce treatment costs and labor for
landowners.
TICKED OFF
Ticks are a natural part of the outdoors,
feeding on a wide range of wild animals, live-
stock, household pets, and humans. In an effort
to better understand the tick species involved,
particularly in relation to people and the five
tick-borne diseases documented 
in Alabama,
AAES entomologists are conducting an on-going
study of the 
occurrence 
of these blood-feeding 
A
parasites 
on 
A
Alabamians. E
Five types of S
J ticks were recovered
from Alabamians during 2
this study: the lone star 0
tick and the American 0
dog tick, which were 0
the most common; and
the brown dog tick, the 
Gulf Coast tick, and 
the
black-legged tick, which 
were found less fre-
quently. Of these ticks, all 
except the brown dog
tick serve as carriers of 
diseases in humans. For
this reason, identification 
of ticks removed from
human hosts, together 
with an appreciation of
the role that each tick plays 
in the transmission
of human pathogens, is 
central in assessing the
potential health risks posed 
in individual cases of
tick infestations.
PERENNIAL FRIENDS
Perennials are like old 
friends; they
return year after year 
to fill a garden with 
color
and fragrance.This may 
be one reason that flow-
ering perennials continue 
to gain popularity in
Alabama and that ornamental, 
bedding, or land-
scape plant production 
and retailing are multi-
million dollar businesses 
in Alabama.
To help consumers and 
plant retailers
know more about the 
best perennials to select,
AAES researchers 
evaluated the performance
and appearance of more 
than 50 flowering
perennials at the E.V. Smith 
Research Center in
Shorter.The four perennials 
that received the
highest overall rating during 
this trial were pur-
ple loosestrife (Mordens 
Pink),
pink coreopsis and thread-leaf
coreopsis (Moonbeam), and
white sage or Mexican 
bush
sage (Salvia). Selections 
includ-
ed in these trials were based
on the plants landscapers 
and
homeowners commonly 
find
available in local nurseries 
or
retail garden centers.
KEEPING AN EYE ON 
OUR
WATER SUPPLY
Alabama is blessed
with a plentiful supply 
of water
and with many people who 
are
dedicated to protecting 
that
resource in their local 
environ-
ment.AAES personnel 
have
tapped into this grassroots
interest to establish 
Alabama Water 
Watch, an
organization that trains local volunteers to mon-
itor the quality 
of Alabama's lakes, 
streams, and
wetlands.This information 
is shared with govern-
mental agencies 
and environmental, 
industrial,
civic and commodity groups 
that help protect
our water 
supply.
Alabama Water 
Watch has 
been recog-
nized as a 
premier water 
quality monitoring
program by the EPA,Alabama Department of
Environmental Management, 
the Southeast
Watershed Forum, the Alabama 
Environmental
Council, the Alabama 
Planning Association, 
and
others. It presently serves 
more than 75 active
community groups statewide.The 
Alabama
Water Watch program currently 
serves as a
model for similar programs 
in many other states
and countries, such 
as the Philippines, 
Ecuador,
Brazil, and China.
Where we are now:
Agriculture and
the Environment
CLEANER AIR IN THE GREAT SMOKIES
Few of the thousands of visitors to the
Great Smokey Mountains National Park notice
the damage being caused by ozone.An AAES sci-
entist in the School of Forestry and Wildlife
Sciences and colleagues from Appalachian State
University and Newcastle University in England
are studying the effects of ozone on the park's
ecosystem.
The Great Smokey Mountains National
Park is one of the most diverse parks in the
United States in terms 
of plant and animal life,
but it is affected by the many metropolitan areas
around it, like Atlanta, Cincinnati, and Knoxville.
Through their research, scientists are providing
information to help federal land managers make
informed decisions in order to keep these parks
healthy.They are also developing plans for edu-
cating the public about the harmful effects of
ozone on our nation's forests.
IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY
Cattle grazing in watershed areas con-
tribute non-point source pollution to nearby
creeks. In Alabama this is a particularly severe
problem in the Flint Creek watershed area.
AAES scientists are monitoring a selected small
watershed within this area to measure runoff
and runoff water quality.Their results will be
used to create a com-
puter model, which
simulates runoff and
water quality. Use of
this model will help sci-
entists to determine
the effects of various
best management prac-
tices on local streams
and waterways and to advise land
and livestock owners on the impact
of their activities on water quality.
Success
is not
measured
by the
position
one has
reached in
life, rather
by the
obstacles
overcome
while
trying to
succeed.
TOXIN-EATING BACTERIA Booi
A natural way to 
effectively WASHIN
and efficiently clean up contaminat-
ed groundwater is to use bacteria
that literally eat the toxic sub-
stances.AAES researchers are studying how bac-
teria, which are naturally present in contaminat-
ed groundwater, break down agrochemicals and
other organic pollutants.
The bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide
gas.This gas causes toxic metals contaminating
the groundwater to be precipitated as solid min-
erals, thus eliminating the contaminant.
Eventually the process can permanently remove
the contaminants without the water having to
be pumped out of the ground for purification.
In field tests, groundwater was found to be free
of contaminants within one month after applying
the technology.
KER T.
IGTON
THE GOPHER TORTOISE-A 
KEYSTONE
SPECIES
A "keystone species" 
within a communi-
ty is one that can have 
a widespread impact on
other animal life within 
that ecological setting.
Removal of these so-called 
keystone species may
drastically alter the 
ecological balance of the
community says an AAES 
scientist in the
Department of Biological 
Sciences.The gopher
tortoise, which digs its burrows 
mostly in long-
leaf pine forests, is one 
such species. More 
than
350 other animal species 
use its burrows for
food and shelter and
removal of the
gopher
z 
;
. R
tortoise would change 
the entire community.
Through this 
study of the 
gopher tortoise,
researchers are providing 
the information need-
ed by conservation officials 
to develop best
management practices 
on lands containing these
state and federally protected 
tortoises.
USING THE SUN TO SANITIZE 
THE SOIL
AAES scientists 
at Tuskegee 
University
and Auburn University are 
working together to
perfect a chemical-free way to sanitize the
soil-soil solarization.This 
method uses clear
plastic laid on top of the soil to form a heated
environment that rids 
the soil of weeds, insect
pests, and diseases. It 
is being tested for use 
by
gardeners and small farmers as a way to "clean"
soil without 
using expensive 
and potentially 
dan-
gerous chemicals. Results have shown that one
season of soil solarization 
yields three years of
pest-free soil.
NATURAL ALTERNATIVE TO
METHYL BROMIDE
Developed by an AAES
researcher in collaboration 
with
researchers 
in Turkey, a 
completely
natural alternative 
to ozone-deplet-
ing methyl bromide has 
been
approved by the EPA. Methyl bro-
mide, the most widely used fumi-
gant in the world, has been shown
to contribute 
significantly 
to deple-
tion of ozone and the 
U.S.
Congress mandated its elimination
by 2005.The natural alternative to
methyl bromide is developed from
herbs indigenous to the eastern 
Mediterranean
region of Turkey, is at 
least as effective as methyl
bromide as a soil-sterilizing 
fumigant, and carries
none of the environmental 
and human health
risks.
Where we are now:
Health au
Nutriti4
JELLYFISH TREATING ARTHRITIS
AAES research shows that one spe
of jellyfish could treat rheumatoid
arthritis.An AAES scientist in Nutrition
and Food Science has determined that
the cannonball jellyfish, which is native
to the Gulf of Mexico, may contain type
II collagen.
Collagen is a protein found
abundantly in cartilage and other animal
tissues.There are different forms, but
type II collagen aids patients suffering
from rheumatoid arthritis if adminis-
tered orally. Collagen is easily extracted
from jellyfish and research thus far on
the effects of collagen on rats as a
treatment for arthritis symptoms
appears positive.
USING DNA AGAINST INSECT
PESTS
AAES entomologists are study-
ing the DNA of blood-sucking insects'
saliva for keys in developing a vaccine
against the pests. So far their focus has bee
the horn fly, a major pest of cattle in the U
States.They have discovered that blood-fee
insects have a variety of proteins in their s;
which are injected into the blood vessels v
the insect bites its victim.These chemicals
blood vessels open and prevent
clotting, which enables the insect to
tap into its victim's blood supply.
The vaccine being developed would
cause an immune response against 4
the proteins in the saliva of the
insects so that the insects could not
feed and thus transmit pathogens.
Let me
tell you
the secret
that has
led me to
my goal.
My strength
lies solely
in my
tenacity.
Louis
-nmm~i
.... This
-- research also
-. . holds poten-
tial benefits
for human
d medicine.
The saliva of
blood-sucking
insects con-
tains com-
pounds that
dilate blood
vessels and
thin blood in
their victims.
n on These substances may be useful in the treatment
nited of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some types
!ding of cancer, and even in wound healing.
R
WHERE'S THE BEEF?
In contemporary western 
civilization,
excess weight, obe-
sity, and associated
maladies have
reached epidemic
proportions in the
human population.
To curb this, many
people have been
controlling their fat 
intake, and one place 
that
they have cut back 
is in consumption 
of high-fat
animal products. 
In response, livestock 
producers
have been trying 
to provide the market 
with
leaner animals 
that provide lower-fat 
meats to
the consumer.
By looking at the 
molecular level,AAES
scientists are trying 
to find ways to lower 
the fat
content of pork 
and beef products 
while still
maintaining animal 
production efficiency 
and pro-
viding a tasty product 
to consumers.This
research already 
has resulted in leaner 
meats on
the market, but further 
research is needed 
to
improve the quality 
of meat products.This 
infor-
mation may also help 
the medical community
learn more about 
fat development 
in humans.
SILENT SPRING
Feeding birds is 
a winter past time 
that
many Alabamians enjoy.And 
the arrival of finches
marks the beginning 
of the winter bird-feeding
season for many.
In the mid 1990s, 
60 percent of the 
pop-
ulation of house finches 
east of the Mississippi
River-or roughly 100 
million birds-died 
from a
bacterial infection, 
which causes the 
equivalent
of conjunctivitis-or 
pinkeye-in humans. 
Since the
disease peaked, the 
mortality rate of the 
disease
has dropped by about 
50 percent each 
year.
Two AAES scientists 
are working with
a geneticist from 
Washington State 
to study
this infectious disease. 
Among other things, 
the
team will be looking 
for an explanation 
of the
steep decline in the 
rate of mortality caused
by the bacteria. One 
hypothesis is natural
selection-that the 
weakest birds were 
largely
killed off at the peak 
of the epidemic leaving 
far
fewer birds that are 
genetically less susceptible
to the disease.Another 
thing they're looking 
at
is why and how the 
mortality rate dropped 
so
rapidly.
Where we are now:
Production
Agriculture
GREAT PUMPKINS
Commercial pumpkin production in
Alabama has grown from under 200 acres in
1994 to more than 1,200 acres in 1999. Much of
this growth has been due to small and part-time
growers looking for alternative crops with which
they can diversify their operations. Many of
these operations have limited financial, land, and
workforce resources.
To address the concerns of this growing
industry in Alabama, a three-year study focusing
on side-by-side comparisons of growth and
development of pumpkin as affected by different
cover crops, tillage systems, and different rates of
nitrogen is underway by AAES researchers at the
North Alabama Horticulture Station in Cullman.
Initial results indicate that there is a positive
benefit to using a living mulch.Vetch-covered plots
yielded significantly more than all of the other
covers. Bare-ground plots produced the lowest
yield compared to any of the other treatments.
Results will help small farmers produce great
pumpkins more economically and efficiently.
COLOR CONTROL
Vegetable crop production is an intensive
enterprise that often requires significant inputs
.succeed
because
t.ey are
estined
of chemicals, irrigation measures, most
and labor. Plastic (polyethylene) 
succeed
mulches have 
been shown 
to help 
ecause
reduce the need for some of these
,.ey are
inputs, to increase yields, to control
?etermined
erosion, and to regulate crop
growth, thus preserving valuable
resources and ensuring a higher TOL
quality crop harvest.
AAES scientists are studying a
wide range of colored plastics to
see which colors provide the most benefits to a
crop. Mulches in blue, brown, black, 
reflective,
and clear plastic were applied to cultivated veg-
etable crop such as tomatoes, 
summer squash,
okra, and melons. Results show that various col-
ored mulches will stimulate crop growth and
deter insect pests. Clear plastic mulch can be
used to solarize soil, which helps control soil-
borne insect and disease pests.
CATFISH SAVVY
Alabama ranks second in catfish production
in the United States, producing more than 100
million pounds of catfish at a value of some $80
million. Keeping this industry viable and increas-
ing catfish production could ensure that this
valuable industry continues to benefit
Alabama's economy.
One study of channel catfish by AAES
scientists in Fisheries and Allied Aquacul-
tures is looking at the effect of protein
content on feed, feeding rate, growth, and
feed conversion; the effect of fish size on
feed conversion efficiency; and the effect
on water quality on feed consumption.This
pr information will help catfish producers
make better use of their feed to raise
P1
I
iui
L,
R
i -I~
~ ..
higher quality fish at a lower
price and also protect the
environment.
HOLDING ON TO SOIL
For many years farmers
in Haiti and other develop-
ing countries have used
farming practices that
depleted the fertility of land,
requiring them to abandon
farming sites and clear new
ones. Finding better soil
management practices that
sustain crop production and
reduce soil erosion and I 
degradation, while increasing
farmers' incomes, is vital to
ensure that developing
countries can sustain their ;
land and their economy.
AAES researchers in Haiti are studying a soil
conservation system called alley cropping. In this
system, nitrogen-fixing trees are planted in
hedgerows; then crops are planted in the alleys
of the hedgerows.The trees, which help hold the
soil against erosion, are closely pruned to provide
nitrogen-rich mulch.The research also has helped
identify better ways to manage hedgerows to
optimize crop yields. Currently results are being
analyzed to see how alley cropping compares to
other soil conservation practices.
EGG-ZACTING VACCINES
Reoviruses cause a variety of economi-
cally important diseases in young chickens.While
producers favor a mass form of 
egg vaccination,
because it is rapid and labor saving, currently
available reovirus vaccines cause disease if given
while the chicks are still in embryonic stages.A
team of AAES scientists is developing a safe and
effective vaccine against reovirus that can be
administered to the eggs.
So far this research has produced a vac-
cine that does not cause disease in chickens, and
which helps chickens develop resistance to an
arthritic form of reovirus. Future studies
will focus on finding the right combina-
tion of vaccine and antibody to use that
will be safe, efficacious, and economically
feasible for commercial producers.They
also will determine if the vaccine immu-
nizes chickens against the intestinal form
of reovirus.
The AAES team is the only
group in the nation exploring this area
of study. Improved control of reoviruses
in chickens will save poultry producers
money and ultimately reduce the cost of
poultry products to consumers.
KEEPING CATTLE HEALTHY
Respiratory and digestive diseases take a
heavy toll on the cattle industry every
year.According to the USDA, in 1995,
calf death losses due to these diseases
cost the industry $794 million.That fig-
ure did not take into account the significant loss-
es incurred in treatment costs and decreased
growth and feed efficiency when such problems
strike.
While the ultimate goal of animal health
researchers is to wipe out diseases, a more real-
istic objective is to at least reduce the severity
of these illnesses.AAES researchers at Auburn
University's College of Veterinary Medicine may
have found a way to achieve that 
objective,
through the use of a common growth implant,
Synovex.
In their studies, researchers discovered
that pretreatment of calves with Synovex
reduced the severity of the disease response in
steers suffering from either coccidiosis, a severe
diarrhea disease in cattle, or endotoxemia, a
disease characterized by fever and reduced
feed intake.These results provide evidence of a
previously unknown beneficial effect of implants
on the animals' well being.
FutureDo not
go where
the path
may lead,
go instead
where
there is no
path
and leave
REVIVING A CITRUS SENSATION a 
trail.
A hundred years ago, Baldwin and Mobile WALDO
counties were a hub of satsuma orange 
produc- EMERSON
tion, with Alabama producers shipping 700 train car
loads of satsuma oranges per season to markets in
Chicago, New York, and Boston. However, the indus-
try was constantly challenged by Mother Nature in the form of
disease, hurricanes, and especially frigid weather. In fact, several
back-to-back severe winters with temperatures dipping as low as six
degrees, combined with The Great Depression and the loss of
Alabama's market to states that provided more consistent supplies of
citrus fruits, finished off Alabama's commercial satsuma industry in the
1930s.
Satsumas,
however, may be
making a comeback
thanks to AAES
research.A decade
ago, researchers at the
AAES's Gulf Coast
Research and Exter n S
Center (GCREC) a
in Auburn's
Department of
Horticulture began . A
studying freeze protec- A
tion systems for sat- E
suma trees.The study S
has shown that coating
the trees' trunks with a 2
layer of ice via a sprin- 0
kler system located 0
under the trees' I 0
canopies 
effectively
,~
insulates the trees from deadly cold tempera-
tures. Using this system, the researchers and sev-
eral private growers in the area have had
bumper crops of satsumas even during recent
cold, severe winters.
The next step in revitalizing the industry
is to establish a consistent market for Alabama
satsumas. Researchers will be conducting mar-
keting studies and addressing pest and disease
control problems on satsumas.Another study to
evaluate new varieties of satsumas for Alabama
also will be established at GCREC.Though
Alabama will never rival Florida and California in
the citrus market, satsumas and other select
citrus fruits could provide a new option for area
farmers who are looking for alternative crops.
PLOTTING PROTEIN
Protein, the building block of life, makes
up the mass of every life form and is essential in
the diets of all animals. It also is the tie that
A
A binds DNA 
molecules in their 
spiral forms.
F Understanding 
proteins is a key step 
in deci-
S phering myriad 
health and nutrition 
problems, as
well as a giant step in decoding genetic myster-
2 ies.AAES researchers 
in Animal and Dairy
0 Sciences are becoming intimately 
familiar with
0 the molecular structure of proteins 
through
0 their Nobel-quality biochemical work.
A part of Auburn University's Peaks of
18 Excellence program,AAES proteomic research is
focusing on molecular processes that, if dis-
turbed by genetic, pathogenic, or environmental
factors, affect the well being of humans, animals,
and plants.Already the researchers have identi-
fied and even mapped proteins that link DNA
Strands into a chromosome. Once these basic
~:,ocesses are understood, the information can
- used to optimize the efficiency or direct the
~x:ure of biological processes. Using these tools,
scientists will better understand how organisms
adapt to changing environmental conditions in
the wild and may also lead to the design of phar-
maceutical agents and genetically modified
organisms with medical or other commercial
value.
PREGNANT POSSIBILITIES
In livestock, just as with humans, many
factors affect embryos as they grow and develop
before birth. Understanding those factors and
finding ways to optimize the maternal uterine
environment that supports embryos during
pregnancy are key steps to increasing the pro-
ductivity of livestock as well as the health of
human babies.
Auburn University Animal and Dairy
Sciences researchers are studying the causes
of embryonic mortality in economically
important animals, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep.
Their work focuses on the uterus and uterine
glands, which provide the environment that
supports embryonic growth and development.
Working with colleagues at Texas A&M
University, the Auburn scientists have deter-
mined that exposure of developing uterine
tissues to specific hormones during defined
periods of early life can have permanent and
profound effects on uterine development in
large domestic animals.These effects, which can
be mimicked by some environmental pollutants,
reduce the capacity of uterine tissues to support
pregnancy. Using state-of-the-art molecular
techniques,AAES scientists are now trying to
identify the developmental switches that must be
thrown to insure that uterine tissues develop
and function properly.
This research, which is part of Auburn
University's Cell and Molecular Biosciences
Peaks of Excellence program, has already
revealed factors affecting reproductive efficiency
in domestic animals, and may help solve fertility
issues that affect people.
GULF COAST WATERS
Alabama has the largest artificial reef
program in the nation, with more than 14,000
ocean-floor reefs providing habitat for a wide
range of commercial and sport fish in the Gulf of
Mexico.The reefs off coastal Alabama have been
a boon to the commercial and sport fishing
industries, as catches of popular reef fish such as
red snapper and grey triggerfish have increased
dramatically through the years.
Though the success of these reefs is
undeniable, no one has ever explained why they
are so effective in attracting certain species of
fish. One popular theory is that the reefs pro-
The
business
vide a new link in the food chain. of life 
is
Over time, corals, sponges, and t go
other encrusting organisms take up
forward.
residence on the reef. Small fishes
SAMUEL
come to feed on these organisms, JOHNSON
and larger fishes are drawn to feed
on the smaller.A complete reef
food web is created.
To date, however, the food
chain theory has not been scientifically proved.
To determine whether artificial reefs actually
produce food and cause the food chain effect,
AAES researchers in Fisheries and Allied
Aquacultures are studying the diets and popula-
tions of red snapper, gray triggerfish, and other
commercially and environmentally important fish
and aquatic animals in reef habitats. Results sug-
gest that the reefs are providing food and thus
ideal habitats for a wide range of fishes. Knowing
more about how these reefs affect marine ani-
mal populations will help Alabama retain its vital
commercial and sport fish industries, protect
populations of various aquatic animals, and
answer basic questions about aquatic life
beneath the Gulf Coast waters.
r 
x 
4 / 
' .
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY 
AND SOILS
' N DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS AND RURAL
SOCIOLOGY
Impact Analysis and Decision
Strategies of Agricultural
Research
G.Traxler
Fruit and Vegetable Supply-chain
Management, Innovation, 
and
Competitiveness
J.Adrian
Evaluation of International 
Markets
for Southern Commodities
C. Jolly, P. Duffy, H. Kinnucan
Farm-level Economics 
of the Alabama
Crop and Livestock Sector
P. Duffy, N. Martin, L. Johnson, 
E.
Simpson, G.Traxler
Rural Restructuring
J. Molnar, L. Bailey, G. 
Howze
Selected Rural Social 
Change Issues:
Population and Farm,Alabama 
Rural Health
Care,And Status Attainment 
Among CoAg
Graduates
J. Dunkelberger, K.Tajeu, 
S. Strawn,
B.Wilder, G. Howze, 
N.Thompson
Citizen Involvement in 
Natural Resource
Management
C. Bailey
Economics of Agricultural 
and Resource
Policies
R.Taylor
Economic Implications of 
Federal and State
Environmental Laws and 
Regulations On
Alabama Agriculture
W. Hardy, J. Hurst
Exploratory Research 
in Rural Economic
and Social Issues
L. Johnson, P. Duffy,W. 
Hardy, J. Molnar
Potential Climate Change 
and Variability:
Impact And Mitigation 
Strategies in the
Agricultural Sector
U. Hatch
Effect of Biotechnology 
Developments,
Vertical Coordination, 
and Seed Market
Concentration on U.S. Competitiveness 
in
Agriculture
G.Traxler
Strategies and Institutions 
for Risk
Management in Agriculture
R. Nelson, J. Novak
Plant Genetics Resources 
Conservation and
Utilization
J. Mosjidis
Phenology, Population 
Dynamics, and
Interference:A 
Basis For Understanding
Weed Biology 
And Ecology
R.Walker
Utilizing Potassium 
Buffering Capacity 
to
Predict Cotton Yield Response 
to Potassium
Fertilizer
G. Mullins, C. Mitchell
Soil Testing, Feed, 
Forage, and 
Plant Analysis
H. Bryant
Soil Management Practices 
for Sustainable
production on Densely Populated Tropical
Steeplands
D. Shannon, 
C. Jolly
Genetic Improvement of Tall Fescue 
and
White 
Lupin
E.Van Santen
Occurrence, Measurement, 
and Mapping of
Plant Micronutrient and Trace 
Elements in
Alabama Soils
J. Odom
Breeding Improved Soybean 
Cultivars
Adapted to the Southern United Sates
D.Weaver
Exploratory Research in Agronomy and Soils
J.Touchton
Inheritance and Linkage of Isozymes 
and
Agronomic Traits in Red Clover
J. Mosjidis
Mineralogical Controls on Colloid
Dispersion and Solid-phase Speciation of
Soil Contaminants
J. Shaw
Surficant-enhanced Removal 
of Dense Non-
aqueous Phase Liquids from Porous Media
J. Dane
Nutrient Management in Sustainable
Agricultural Systems Using Continuous,
Long-term Research Plots
C. Mitchell
Integrated Sustainable Production Practices
for Cotton 
(Gossypium hirsutum)
C. Monks, M. Patterson, C. 
Burmester
Alternative Tillage 
and Soil Fertility
Management Practices on Peanut Seed
Quality And Yields
D. Hartzog, J. Adams
Sustainable Management Strategies 
for
Enhanced Environmental 
Quality,
Biodiversity, and Productivity of 
Grazed
Landscapes
M. Miller-Goodman
Weed Management in Peanut 
and Herbicide
Activity as Influenced Byabsorbents
G.Wehtje
Weed Biology and Management 
in Southern
Turf
R.Walker, D.Teem
So;l Microbial Taxanomic and Functional
Diversity as Affected 
by Land Use and
Management
Y. Feng
Development 
of Geospatial 
Training for
Precision Agriculture Practitioners
P. Mask
Reducing the Potential for Environmental
Contamination by Pesticides and 
Other
Organic Chemicals
Y. Feng
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL AND 
DAIRY
SCIENCES
Nutritional Systems for Swine 
to Increase
Reproductive Efficiency
L. Chiba
Plant Tissue Chemistry Response 
to Ozone
Stress with Implications to Ruminant
Herbivory
R. Muntifering
Relationships 
Among Early 
Handling,
Learning Ability, and Reactivity 
of Foals
C. McCall
Effect of Dietary Manipulation 
on Survival
and Growth 
of the Neonatal 
Pig
L. Frobish
Effects of Genetic Selection for 
Lean
Growth Efficiency 
on Pork Muscle 
Quality
D. Kuhlers, 
S.Jungst
Biochemical Factors Involved 
in Muscle
Growth and 
Meat Quality
C. Kerth, D. Kuhlers
Exploratory Research in Animal Sciences
W. Bergen
Cellular and Molecular Organizational
Events Affecting 
Porcine Uterine 
Capacity
F. Bartol
Supplementation Strategies for Stocker
Cattle
S. Schmidt
Nutritional Systems for Swine to Increase
Reproductive Efficiency
L. Chiba
Synchronization of Ovulation in Beef Cattle
for Timed Insemination Without 
Detection
of Estrus
D. Coleman
[It P
Regulation of Lipogenic Genes in Porcine
and Bovine Adipose
W. Bergen, J.Wower
Metabolic Relationships in Supply of
Nutrients For Lactating Cows
K. Cummins
Functions of P68 RNA Helicase in Pre-
mRNA Splicing
Z. Liu
Enhancing Production and Reproductive
Performance of Heat-stressed Dairy Cattle
K. Cummins, P. Moss
DEPARTMENT OF BIOSYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
Development and Application of
Comprehensive Agricultural Ecosystem
Models
K.Yoo
Engineering Systems for Improved
Transportation
S.Taylor
Develop and Assess Precision Farming
Technology and Its Economic and
Environmental Impacts
J. Baier, L. Johnson, L. Curtis,T. Grift
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY AND
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Biology and Control of Urban Arthropod
Pests in Alabama
A.Appel
Impact and Management of Green June
Beetle and Other Scarabeild Grubs in
Alabama Pastures
K. Flanders
Biology and Management of Insects of Trees
in Alabama
L. Hyche
Analysis of CDNA, Recombinant Protein,
and Immunogen. H Fly Thromb
E. Cupp, M. Cupp
Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests
of Livestock and Poultry
G. Mullen
Pyrethroid Resistance in Cotton Bollworm,
Helicoverpa Zea, and Other Insect Pests
N. Liu
Mites of Importance to Plant and Animal
Health in Alabama
G. Mullen
Ecology of Fire Ants and Big Eyed Bugs in
Cotton and Soybeans in Alabama
M. Eubanks
Taxonomy of Weevils of the Tribe
Anthonomini
W. Clark
Improved Pecan Insect and Mite Pest
Management Systems
J. McVay
Control of Cole Crop Pests with Novel
Pesticides and Intercropping
M. Eubanks
Development, Evaluation and Safety of
Entomopathogens for Control of Arthropod
Pests
B. Moar, R. Smith
Physiological and Molecular Basis of
Resistance to Bacterial Infection in Plants
S.Tazun
Exploratory Research in Plant Pathology
K. Bowen, G. Morgan-Jones
Integrated Biological Control of Tomato
Viruses and Nematodes
J. Kloepper, J. Murphy, R. Rodriguez-
Kabana
Roles of Plant and Soil Bacteria in
Agroecology-disease Suppression and Plant
Growth Promotion
J. Kloepper
Integration of Host Resistance, Cultural
Practices, and Biocontrol for Peanut
Diseases and Nematodes
J. Kloepper, R.Taylor
Managing Foliar and Soil-borne Plant
Diseases in Sustainable Agricultural Systems
K. McLean
Managing Plant Parasitic Nematodes in
Sustainable Agriculture with Emphasis on
Crop Resistance
K. McLean
Risk Assessment of a Plant-associated
Bacterium Genetically Engineered with Lux
Genes
J. Kloepper
Biological Control of Soilborne Plant
Pathogens for Sustainable Agriculture
K. McLean,J. Kloepper
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND ALLIED
AQUACULTURES
Production of Recreationally Important
Marine Fishes from Estuarine Nursery Areas
S. Szedlmayer
Population Assessment of Bass and Crappie
in Alabama Reservoirs
M. Maciena
Effects of Feeds and Feeding on Fish
Performance and Water Quality in
Warmwater Aquaculture
D. Davis
Identification Of DNA Markers for
Genotyping Sub-species Populations of Fish
Z. Liu
Factors Affecting Growth, Survival, and
Recruitment of Age-0 Sport Fish
D. Devries, R.Wright
Microbial Pathogens of Cultured
Crustaceans and Molluscs
Y. Brady
Improved Culture Practices of Crustacean
and Molluscan Shellfish in Alabama
D. Rouse, R.Wallace
Habitat Requirements for Coastal Marine
Fisheries
S. Szedlmayer
Distribution and Abundance of Fishes in
Relation to Landscape Variability in
Alabama's Rivers and Streams
E. Irwin
Genetic Maps of Aquaculture Species
Z. Liu,R. Dunham
New Research in Aquaculture, Fisheries
Management, and Aquatic Ecology
J. Jensen
Linkage Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in
Catfish
Z. Liu, R. Dunham
Genetic Improvement of Catfish
R. Dunham, Z. Liu
Effects of Water Hardness and Salinity on
Fish Health
J. Grizzle
Ecology and Conservation of Alabama Non-
game Fishes
C. Johnston
Coastal Alabama Seafood Harvest (CASH)
Project
D. Rouse
Red Snapper Research Project
B.Wallace, R. Phelps
Alabama Water Watch
B. Deutsch, B. Duncan
Environmental Management in Pond
Aquaculture
C. Boyd
2
0
0
0
21
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
Improved Cultural Practices and Cultivars
for Small Fruit Production
D. Himelrick
Environmental Modification for 
Intensive
Vegetable Production in Southeastern 
States
J. Brown
Crop Thinning, Nitrogen Nutrition, and
Cultivar and Root Stock Evaluation of 
Tree
Fruit Crops
R. Ebel
Environmental Influences on Growth 
and
Physiology of Landscape Tree Selections
D. Eakes, J. Sibley
Scheduling Irrigation for Vegetable
Production in The Subhumid Southeastern
United States
E. Simonne
Effects of Temperature Conditioning/ 
Uv-c
Treatments on Antioxidative Properties in
Ripening Tomato
F.Woods
Cultural Practices and Cultivar Evaluations
For Pecans
W. Goff
Evaluation of Satsuma Orange Cultivars in
Alabama
W. Dozier, R. Ebel, F. Dane, F.Woods
National Agricultural Program to 
Clear Pest
Control Agents for Minor Uses
C. Gilliam
Improving Yield and Quality of Selected
Cucurbit and Solonaceaous Crops in
Alabama
J. Kemble
Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple
Cultivars
W. Dozier, R. Ebel,A. Powell
Post Harvest Quality and Safety in Fresh
Cut Vegetables and Fruits
F. Woods
Evaluation of Temperature Stresses on
Container Grown Landscape Plants
D. Findley
Accelerated Flowering, Chilling
Requirements and Growth Regulation of
Herbaceous Landscape Plants
G. Keever, R. Kessler
Genome Mapping and Tagging of Useful
Genes in Citrillus
A F. Dane
DEPARTMENT OF POULTRY SCIENCE
Reduction of Body Fat in Broiler Chickens
J. Renden, E. Moran
Mechanism for the Induction 
of Immunity
Against Infectious Bursal DiseaseVirus
J. Giambrone, S. Ewald
Maximizing Profits in Commercial Leghorns
While Minimizing Prolapse, Nitrogen and
Phosphorus Pollution
D. Roland, D. Zhang, 
W. Berry
Genetic Bases for Resistance 
and Immunity
to Avian Diseases
S. Ewald, R. Norton, F. Hoerr
Poultry Production, Processing, and Water
Quality
J. Blake, J. Hess
Factors Associated with Genetic and
Phenotypic Variation in Poultry: Molecular 
to
Populational
W. Berry
Avian Respiratory Diseases: 
Pathogenisis,
Surveillance, Diagnosis, and Control
R. Norton, E. Moran, 
S. Bilgili,
D. Conner
The Poultry Food System: a Farm to Table
Model
E. Moran, S. Bilgili, D. Conner
Water Quality Issues in Poultry Production
and Processing
J. Blake,J. Hess
SCHOOL OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE
SCIENCES
Mourning Dove Mgt: Human 
Dimensions,
Food Preference Trials, Hunting Field
Plantings
R. Mirarchi
Effects of Burkholderia Cepacia on Conifer
and Hardwood Seedling 
Growth, Ecotypic
Specialization and its Rhizosphere
Competance
S. Enebak,A. Chappelka
Effects of Forest Understory Mgt. On
Stream Water Quality: Impact of Prescribed
Burning on Watercheistry, Benthic
Invertebrates and 
Periphyton
J, Feminella
Invasion of Eurasian Watermilfoil: 
Ecological
Impacts and Reasons for Success
G. Hepp
Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in a
Carbon Dioxide Enriched Forest Ecosystem:
Implication for Air,Water, and Soil 
Quality
D. Gjerstad, B. Runion
DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS
Mass Customization: Identifying Process 
and
Management Strategies for Alabama's Textile
and Apparel Producers
C.Anderson
Building Cons Based Textile/apparel Brand
Image Strategies:A Cross National 
Study
S. Forsythe
Development of Textile Materials for
Environmental Compatibility and Human
Health and 
Safety
B. Slaten
Community Economic 
Development 
by
Merchandising
L.Anderson
National Textile Center
C. Warfield
A Web-based 
Methodology to 
Assess Young
Lead User Preferences for Home 
Textile
Products
M. Soloman
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
AND FAMILY STUDIES
Early, Middle, and Late Relationships 
with
Parents and Peers
D. Sollie
Predicting Marital Dissolution:A Four Year
Prospective Longitudinal Study of Engaged
Couples
L. Lamke
Early Family Experiences and Emotional
Competence in Children: Links to Social,
Academic, and 
Physical Well 
Being
J. Mize, G. Pettit
Dynamics of the Allocation of Family Work:
Implications for The Quality of Family Life in
Early Marriage
J. Pittman
Preschool-age 
Children's Friendships:
Maintenance and Implications
B.Vaughn
Transitions in Rural Alabama:An Evaluation
of a Youth Development 
Program
A.Vazsonyi, J. Kerpelman
DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND FOOD
SCIENCE
Effects of Diet on the Regulation of Feeding
and Body Weight
D.White
Monoclonal Antibody-based Enzyme
Immunoassay for Detection of Species
Adulteration in Raw and Cooked Muscle
Foods
P. Hseih
Value Added Processing: Irradiation
J.Weese
Chemical Reactions in Foods as Affected by
the Properties of Water and Ingredients
L. Bell
Nutrient Analysis and Interactions
S. Gropper
Thermal-stabie Species Marker Proteins for
Detection of Meat Species Adulteration
P. Hsieh
N-3 and N-6 Fatty Acids in the Maternal
and Infant Diet
M. Craig-Schmidt
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Tobacco Chloroplast DNA Replication
Origins and Origin-binding Protein
B. Nielsen, N. Singh
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Heat
Stress on Yield and Composition of Proteins
and Fatty Acids
J. Cherry, N. Singh
Immunization with a Recombinant
Immunogen Containing Brs Virus Fusion
Protein and a Mucosal Adjuvant
S. Roberts
Analysis of Organelle Structure and
Replication in Higher Plants
B. Neilsen
Rapid Detection and Subtyping of Food and
Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens
J. Barbaree
Ecological Relationships of Animals and
Metal Hyperaccumulating Plants
R. Boyd
Fungal Growth and Host Response to
Tunneling Activities of The Asian Ambrosia
Beetle
R. Dute
Wetland Habitat Types in Alabama:
Classification and Inventory
G. Folkerts
Zeta Protein Kinase C Signal Complexes-a
Novel Growth Signaling Pathway
M.Wooten
Life History of Gopher Tortoise Burrows:
Key Resource of Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
C. Guyer
Role of the Apical Sensory Organ and
Neurotransmitters in Settlement of the
Oyster CrassostreaVirginica
S. Kempf
Ecological Relationships of Insects and Metal
Hyperaccumulating Plants
R. Boyd
Song and Ornamental Plumage in the House
Finch:A Study of Signal Content in a
Multiple Signal System
G. Hill
Influence of Season and Frequency of Fire
on Bachman's Sparrows and Henslow's
Sparrows in Longleaf Pine Forests of The
Gulf Coastal Plain
W. Robinson
Ecology of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
T. Best
Yolk Processing During Insect Development
J. Bradley
Use of Cobalt-60 Irradiation for Inactivation
of Protozoan Cysts
C. Sundermann
Simplified Techniques for the Analysis of
Motility in Vertebrate Cilia and Flagella
A. Moss
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTH
RESEARCH
Impact of Control and Prevention Programs
for BovineViral Diarrhea Virus on Bovine
Respiratory Tract Disease
K. Brock
Immunologic Studies of Bovine Neosporosis
and Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
(epm) and Development of DNA-based
Vaccines
B. Blagburn, C. Dykstra
Bovine Respiratory Disease: Risk Factors,
Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Management
K. Brock
Mycoplasma Cell Adherence:Adhesins and
Accessory Regulatory Mechanisms
V. Panangala
Reciprocal Communication Between The
Endocrine and Immune Systems in
Ruminants
J. Sartin
JOINT (INTERDEPARTMENTAL) AND
MISCELLANEOUS
Development and Evaluation of Control
Strategies for Diseases of Landscape Plants
K.Tilt,A. Hagan
Weed Control in Nursery and Landscape
Crops
C. Gilliam, G.Wehtje
Raw Soybeans and Whole Kernel Corn as
Diet Supplements for Captive White-tailed
Deer
K. Causey, R. Muntifering
Animal Manure and Waste Utilization,
Treatment, and Nuisance Avoidance for
Sustainable Agriculture
D. Hill, R. Muntifering,W.Wood,
T. McCaskey
Systems for Controlling Air Pollutant
Emissions and Indoor Environments of
Poultry, Swine, and Dairy Facilities
E. Simpson, J. Donald, C. Flood, J. Blake
Technical and Economical Efficiencies of
Producing, Marketing, and Managing
Environmental Plants
J.Adrian, D. Eakes, K.Tilt
Ensuring Food Safety by End-pointTesting of
Cooked Meat Products
P. Hseih
Escherichio coli 0157:H57, a Food-borne
Pathogen: Laboratory and Field Studies
J. Barbaree, B. Nielson, S. Price
Control of Nutrient and Pesticide Residues
in Landscapes by Phytoremediation
C. Gilliam, G.Wehtji
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of
Induced Systemic Resistance Mediated by
Rhizobacteria
J. Kloepper, Dodo, S.Tazun
Physiological and Molecular Basis of
Resistance to Bacterial Infection in Plants
S.Tazun
Microchips for Evaluation of Temperature as
a Risk Factor for Campylobacter in Poultry
D. Conner, J. Barbaree, P. Hseih
Marine & Estuarine Environmental
Educ./Research Program/ Laboratory Dev.
for Chem., Pulp, and Paper Processes
L. Curtis
Enhancing Food Safety Through Control of
Foodborne Disease Agents
D. Conner, J. Barbaree, S. Price
Enhancing Food Safety Through Control of
Foodborne Disease Agents
D. Conner, J. Barbaree, 
J.Weese,
C.Wei, S. Price, J.Wright, F. DeGraves
V
.1"
AlL
TOTAL REVENUES
$39,210,741
State 
$22,907,865
Federal 
$ 4,628,246
Contracts and Grants
Federal 
$6,306,376
State and Local 
$ 436,000
Private 
$1,259,889
Indirect Cost
Recoveries 
$1,030,287
Total
Auxiliary Sales 
and Services
Investment Income
$9,032,552
$2,344,434
$ 297,644
Q
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V"1I$"" '
s-- r
Alabama's Agricultural Expermen Station Syte
E f SiH~e rar h Center,
2 r ;Vly Reeac and
3 ~E -. n~ .;enter BeileMia
f Sar Moai Research and Exeso
4 Ceter Crossvile
? Nort If U a na HorictIu~re Station~
4 ' -q er -. astai Plan ns taon, W infed
- 5 6 Piedmon r H arc'r Saia Cam Hill
3 Blak Bell-Researc an Eta ri
0,.Car a vd -.
I rraMO-Ievla , fCrd'f
101 '!( Ler el Headland
~ j 4- " E _1 _ aper Fen id Brewton
t, 12 asp Hll
4 6, if I at - 'lc h 
and Extenso
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