COILILIEG[ OF AGIRJCUHPLURI
A NNUAL IRJEROIR7F
AUIBUIR, UNiIERSlITY
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996
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Colg fAgiutr
Anua Reor
ADIITRTV OFFCER
William VMsPe i
Paul E 0akrvs
Jae .MrDa a ndDrco
Den Co met -- ---- - 1
Mone -------- --- 7'
Kn wldg ---- -- --- -- --- -
; MENT.%
I eci, we ntow think wxe ate
encing the hest and wort 
Otmes at Auhur n Unix rxi tx,
pcc alix' in agiculture. L et its
deal wxith the worst of times. Upon t eflec-
tion, there is tno doubt that Auburtn
Uiv xersxitv and the agriculturl progranms
haxve faced times much wxorsxe than wxe have
nowx. Such timex we re in the 18sO~ ax
Auburtn prog~ra ms faltered and aim oxt
failed, especiallx during the Wat Betxxeen
[he States and the tnext decade which fol-
lowxed. Bad time n excre experieniced clori ng
the deprexsion vcarsx of the I 930s and durn
ing the xvar vearsx of the I 9
4
0x. Our xvort"
timex inowx pale in comparixon to xome of
thexe xtirexxex at Aubur n oxvci the x'earx.
We do ftnd ourselxvcx needing mote
ftindx for salariex, progr ams, builcdingx, and
xcholarsxhips. Coimpetition ix gteater tihan
ex er fot xtuden tx, research dolliarx, aind
resoutrces for extension. Yet, xxe have dedi-
cated people xxhi) not onixy 
compete, but
cauxe Atubtirtn to ptoxpet int timues xvhen
needx tie gre at iand r exotitcex xcatce.
Tis reportt hltighllights tmanyx of thte
"hext" th inigx at Attbur tiUn ixetrxitv, all thte
xxay ftotm gtoxwing xttudent nuttberx, jit
placemteit, rexeatch xxitich ipaysx big i i
dctndx, and extenioit ptrogram whtxxicht it
haitgintg to metr agticliiurial, itai'
rexsouttccx, atnd entxitronmuerital needx.
Whx arc tingx looing iip itt agi ul-
tutre it Auibun nivuxersity itn additioni to
dedicated facuiltyx arid staff. xxe htatxe xtriong
clientele xttppoi t for otit proigiatms. Ncxet
h axe w xe expetieniced [lie level of gixvittg fot
Autburt itrotgiraits ax htas htappcted i ecit t.
T he gi ftx fot xchiolarsxhipx, ttdowxtments,
facilities, etc. xx ill alloxx ttx to "gtow ux g pio-
gramtt txvci thte setarx. Next, xxe haxve admin-
itrtative xttppotrt otn the Au nt cattttut fot
ag programs that carries ittto the xtate legix-
latti i. Ax ant exatmtplc, Prexidetnt Mtixex bud-
get reqluext tot thec legixlaturie axked fht a
itightet petrcentage intcreaxe forthle Alabama
Agiricutiuralt Ixpe iiiettt Statiott futndx thati
foi othtet budget c ategortex.
U-
I )cut lnns I \ltrinn
VWe ate launching a nexx building pio-
gant for agricultun e xxhich hax xuppot t fromt
mtantx different intdixvidualx and ot ganizatonsx.
Before retitrintg, Senatot H eflitn cordittated
effots to obtaitn S6 mtilliion in USDA tiindx
for a tnexx poultr butilding 1thtie Ala. Fatrmets
F ederattiont fpledged S5 mitllioin loi a nexx Lalt
Scrx icex Builditng, antd thte Msx. Annt Upchurcht
extat e piroxvided $2.4 mtillion tio r enovate tihe
Animtal aitd Dirytt Scicttces Building. T hexe
giftx xxiii be mtched xxitht at bond ixxue fromt
thle Alabamta L cgixiltture arid xvitht gifts fromt
oithetrx.
I ittle ate both good aitd bad, hut thte
good fatt otxightx tile bad. I ioxvxet, ofmttoxt
imptnce, the btext is x et to chtme. Nix 
ltd-
xontal thattkx to all otf von fot ttakitng
Autbu t t agicu~iltuttal pr ogramtt thte bext exet.
II KFRODUCTION
aaze',,iew oil iecacsiitc , exsle~tia"s, 
'ielean4c/, atd
uhun Lnix cisitv's ( ollege of
Agricultuire is trulx one of the
foundations on wxhich Last
Alabama M~ale C ollege, latei Alabama
Pol technic Institute, and nowx Auibuirn xxas
founded. The C ollege's roots run Jeep xxith
names like Dugga, P~etrie, and Mel]. The
paths of excellence set forth by the earls pio-
neers of scientific agriculture have been close-
l, folloxxed by today's teachers, reseatchers,
and extension leadeirs.
Auburn's C ollege of Agrictiltt e has
plased a historic role in the dexvelopment of the
states agricultural industry xxhich in one
way or another touches each of uts ex vrlay.
IThouigh only about twxot percent Of out
state's population is activ ely insvolvecd in pro-
duction agricttltttre, another 16-18 perxcenlt are
employ ed in agi-related inodustieics. IThe
C ollege of Agricultti-e. as is the L and ( rant
Model, is div ided among reaching, research,
and extension components; insaiably these
components wxork together as once homoge-
nouis family. As individual member of thc
family groxx, so groxws the fatmil'.
In I1996, thc agricciltural family made
somitemendouis growxth, despite some rathei
austere budgerary conditions.
I orollment in the C ollcge of Agricultcire
reached a five-year high in 1 996. xvithi well over
1,100 students. Many of these students came to
Aciuurn from high schools around the state andi
nation. However, many came from other
schools and colleges on campuis. IThe common
attractions xxere: "I feel like I'm nowx a part of
something here-a sense of famils'," "I heir sys-
rem of factilty advisors makes me moiie coinfi-
dent that I cam suicceed here," "'Ilie scholatrship
ippirituities ate Sii miuch beite hircet," antd, (if
co u rse, "I feel thceirc ate iltch biet tei jobh oppo it
tui ities for me wxhen I giraduate
Impact of thec C ollege' of Agi ictlttic clues-
n't sto p at thc' haccailaiureatc cdcgrei ,enom at xi ale
iii national hoicders. IThc' (ollei(c' cliricntls
has 242 gr aduatie s tudcents puirsuing degi ccs
ini line scepaiatce depairtmeinis. "AnchoccI hs
an internationally cmlnown foic'ign program in
ftrcshxxater fishcieics alnci aycllulttitc Atihur n
has decvs lo pc'd a wcll-roundetdcl ciniteirnaltionatl
ptrigramii. Stuticcst ftrom eveiry conttiietcit except
Aniaictica, hixe giracuateci ftom Aubn o
( ollege (if Agriiculturic, estalising~t an iintc'rna-
ional ptesenc' thai War Fagles enicoutnter xwhlen
iiavdi ing thc' fai ciiinets o~(f the xxiiild.
I he reseairch andc c'xtcnsionir cimiiponen ts ofi
thec Coillege ot Agi chltciie aic so cilse' ticcd thati
mans' outsicdc Aitburin Unix crsits' don't iecog-
nize the distinictioni. Incdeed, riechl aincd c'at
silli xwork haninc-iii andc itn thec ( ollcgc, aincd thce
betnefits in I196 xxere hountifiul.
In 1 996, fisheiciies i csc',ltc Xcis at Aunii
xlii xx ci the xxiiild thc' first red snapper
spaxwned andc gtiown in captivits. TIhough sig
ificaniit itn tha~it xc ictists wiorldic de tc had iedc
incd failed ti cii t~lhio oxcet 20 xears, thc rel
signtificance is the modcel, xwhlichl tnv he extceiic
ecd to oither species and tiltitmatelx chlange ilie
faicc iif proltcin-ciiiichic'c fish prouictctioit andc
coitsuittptioni xxoi lw icdc.
lxx Ye cairs agoi in I995, Al \abama~ ciiitt
fai rers had a imiserable year citought, andc
xxo rst (if all, to bacci hudworitils turned~t a1 hcau-
tifuil c'arll cirop itt an .itilt disaster. ILasi
vea, research cxlipeci tc'cinltliig, was pio-
illilec arid c'xtcinced to groxwcri s tatewixdce in ithe
forim iif a gencetic all avltere cocitton v ariety that
caliiecd a nttiuix l iyccuintg killei of tiih~icco
budwxotrms. IThis cottotn vaiey cr.xhich iiicliacc
a genc' carrin ig bacillus //lurieid'll/'.icileign to
hutmans, hut death toti obacco hbicdwoltmsl,
hcipecd Alabamt~a cotton i tat mlcrs pro diicec a ncai
rcirdc criop in 19i
9 6
. illThoug axviilaiblce thtiiugh-
iiut tc' cioilonpirodciniig bcelt in thc'ei Ui tedc
'Staies, th~ankis ti tircless e ffiiirts byx icxtnioni
petsone!, Ala~baima l th~e na~tioni itn percet-
age of Put ciottonii planltc. Andc, inot intidiintally
hielped AlatbamaX~ cttonii fai tml'is proidui cc in tc'if
the top five Cirops of thelc' II Yctii5.
sitln is at a danltgeirius Ciiosxiioad. I li nolon' has
adcvanlicecd iii the polin Xithat scieni ts andlc
iincdusttrS--cant shoot g~ccs from tine plaint iinto
the cells iof (,ges cof a foreign plane Andc, gcincs
fro oniX(i i aim lli species caX bc adclcecd tio anoi th-
c'r ti gin t aximum til ene i'tcfit fromt thec two (
species. Agtricultuire is h~ighX tech! To stui xixc atnc
to colntieto'n lead thle wxay fiot Alahaillas intit-
hc'i ioie inidistry ancd to conttinute tto proiidce ain
timpriiiig standcardc iiflix itr, fori all Alabamians,
thlis hlighl tcch xoldc. Hoiwxcv'c, ti cotiuec to
supportitt aill thec priigraims ini the C'uiic'c
I 011 AY, thecre muttst he xiome baisic, or -iiow
tech" xxork l. Thec bailanc intg act is preca riiiux, but
Vial tio tile Colllege of Aricultuare's abilit to
lead the stare s aiculitltur induiiistr intii thc niext
Ilhc fuolluixing r epot ris a hut a sx'nopsix
iif the woriik cdine in tile C ollege cof Agriculture
iin 1996. Foii evcr, sutcccess story reporteci hee,
thec' are dozen ol'i5 f iithc'is cqtuilx as impcsive
itn the classtioomn, in resceaichl enideavors anix i a
thec Coillegc's oteach fitiitialil itn Extcensionl.
JKOOD
FO
Aurihin aim nal scientists and ag econo-
iIsts5 arc helping producer s tse g1enetic
selection andt other impiiroved managt~emnit
pratt ices to iredutce piroduc~tionl costs andlt
prov ide tse higher qutality, leanlet poik con-
sumiseis deimandt and will pay for.
\t 'faciultr hasve also woirked with
.i Libusiness Iecet s, lenders, cotinty and state
offtic ials, alnd state a nd legional dlevelopmient
Igetic is to rchbuiltd lost infirastru cture anti set
lie stage toi i eattitin of news prodiuction
hacilities tain drnage of rhe latest tech-
nology. In the last seat, 22 new swinme uinits
installeti on fout farms hbotsted state protdnc-
tion by :abot 60(tt,000 pigs per Yeat. Intrest is
especitallsy igih in West Alahama, wxhere nsews
facilitic's ini tiht planintg srage cottic prticdtce as
many as 1 80),000t pigs a year for Alahamsa anti
oi Astate msarkiets.
\1cliii s, pr omises better profits for protc-
ias, expaion of rihe sratces econsom, and
hiig ei qu tal its fto iotito Alaha ma ciansoumets.
IThe cjualit repntattiotn andc vailkc'tahiliis
of Alahamsa beef cattle are ntiw onti h ~e
upss 1g, thanks tco a programl o' tiic't hy
AU atnimlal scientists, calleti Pastoire toi hail.
I he prtogramr atllowss proicducers tti rta~iin tisn-
rship tof small lots of calvecs sent ftit ciastomi
feecintg at a tlitlxsestertl feetdloit atndc get v alt-
athlc dt~a oin the calves ratres oif gaitn atiit fitnal
carcass quality. Over the past three veils, tilt
prtigramts has shownl these Alahamla bicfcI attle
to he as healthy, grouw as well, anti prtovie cat-
cass qiuality eqrtal to cattle grotwn is othcei palts
tif the U.S.
Its tile patst, al w~idespreadi percceptioin thlat
Alahatma antd other StiutheasternI catttle werce of
inletrior qcialiri has led to mlaiketitng diifficulties
tilt cdiscoucnted pr ices. The Pasture to Ratil pro-
gi~tsis helping overctomle thlis percepltionl,
leading to enhalcecd ciesirathiliry of Alathatma
ca. tIc tle am ing hbunets atntd feetdlot lownctr5.
Patricipatitsg cattle produlcers, incluinlg
in I1995- 96 atlmost 1001 prehreci, cotl rittetit
atit junlior prodtircers, get assistanlce ftim A
ill using tihe itnfotirmation gained to futer
impov I huc I rcd ihealthi a idc gentseic ciualiitS. St ilic
hasve heen ablce to ttse the feetilot rectordcs til
post-weanling perfotrmancce tot get h ighser prices
liii thiirci feecier catlsves. Anldt st m' at c ct itinu- 
t
ing tin their i wtnt suiccessfiils, sendcing all t f
thseir cals cs thr otgh cutisom finlishing.
Cotn sumisets tie no lo nger quaire as enthiu-
siatstic ,thtit cetting "hsigh tin the hug" hecatse
tif tiht assosciatitin w5ith] plentifl hackfatt. IThis
is a majtir reatsoin Alahbamta's sw ine inittry
tieclinledi itn the 1980s.
5
Nows, howsscee,
Aswatelsess of tile health hensefits of a loss-ftt
clici has led isstts couit miters to select onshy the
lctanest meat piticucts. AU reseaach is poinstinlg
tile wsay trusid nsews methocds oif satistsin lthtie
cdemiandt foir lcaner beef wilile att the salic' tinglc
fattensinsg tiurnis ftir Alahamsa cattle prouictcers.
C'tlled cowss, remsoved fitotm the
ptrtdtict iii hetd cibecause of lowverecd prosdtuc-
us its, acciiiit Itit athoit oite fiuirths of the
is pical catttic prticdicet's intctomse. Studies
itsve shsoiwni thsat feecding these cowss fiot at
k~et, cats tesult its iincreased svalue. AU strtdies
undsterwayt indcicate tihat use of mletahbolic tmotd-
ifietrs, ssih rl leatsc growths ti hormlones, canl
resuit itscn een greater gaiins ill leanl xield of fed
cli cows5, wit irisicutcedi fir.
Whuilie tihc exact e'steit of tile improveet
in lean yield is still under analysis and its pay
off value to producers will depend on particular
narket conditions, this technologv seems des-
tined to become a valuable alternative for cattle
producers seeking higher returns and a source
of higher qualir, low-fat beef for consumers.
Oysters are generally safe to cat.
Occasionall, however, they carry bacreria that
can be dangerous, especially for susceptible
individtals. In investigating this problem,
Auburn scientists, working together with
IDA personnel, have developed a method of
growing safer oysters. Further, these oysters
are preferred by mans consumers over con-
ventionally-harvested ones.
The iesearch ream harvested oysters in
Mobile Bay and transported them about three
miles offshore, stspending them in baskets
from oil rigs. In the colder and saltier offshore
water, the oysters ptrged themselves of harm-
ful bacteria within seven to 14 days. They also
developed a saltier rang that was more appeal-
ing to many oyster fanciers.
Oysteis are a very poptilar seafood, yet
many oyster lovers have become a little less
ready to indulge because of food safety con-
cerns. This combination of factors makes it a
safe bet that the AU oyster findings will be
explored for possible commercial development.
Most canola, grown as the soirce of the
cooking oil that has become the preferred
choice of many consumers, has tup to now
been pioduced in (anada. In recent years,
however, AU faculty have conducted canola
variety tests and established a prodtction cen-
ter in South Alabama. IThis program is demon-
strating Alabama-grown canola to be quite
competitive with Canadian-grown and is an
excellent winter rotation crop.
The program is in irs third year, with over
5,000 acres in prodiction, mostly on a con-
tract basis. Especially since choices of prof
itable winter rotation crops are limited, and
with prices this year at $7 per bushel, this suc-
cessful demonstration is likely to make canola
a poprlar choice xith South Alabama faimeis
looking foi alternative crops.
An even more xvaliable potential to
canola is prodiction of Oils for cosmetic and
industrial rise through genetic engineering.
This route, including piroddction of Ianare, an
ingredient in better shampoos, is also being
pursued at the prodiction center. Alabama
consuimeirs may soon be finding even more
Alabama-giown piroducts in several sections of
the stpermarket.
Revival of a Once-lost Alabama citrus
industry is now a distinct possibility, thanks to
findings of AU reseaclcheis. Satsumas, the
"heavenly tangerine, were grown in large
quantitics in South Alabama for local and
northern markets in the early part of this cen-
trry. Suiccessive deep fi-eezes in the 19 30s,
howeve, killed the tres and the industy.
Reseairches planied the world's laigest satsuma
test orchard at the (ulf Coast Substation in
1 990, and havc found me ans of saving the
trees, if not the fir, in tempelatures as lo as
the teens.
protection is provided by banking soil
aroind the tree tirinks and mist-iiiigating to
coat the trees with insulating ice in sub-freez-
ing weather. Severe cold spells in the last sevei-
al xinters have piovided ample ippotunities
foi testing several variations of the pirotecrion
system, and trees have been saved. Ireliminary
resilts indicate that even fiuit may be protect-
ed during brief winte temperature drops into
the 
2
Os, which historically aire moie typical for
the (rulf (oasr.
AU pouiltry scientists have developed a
new test to readily evaluate anti-bacterial treat-
ments ised in poultiry processing, and have
gone the further step of developing methods to
enhance the effectiveness of treatments to
reduce oi eliminate potential pathogens.
Current piltlty sanitation procedures
have generally piroduced an entirely safe food
prodiuct. Under some circumstances, however,
iniciobes scuch as salmonella can attach them-
selves to the chicken skiii in such a wax that
they arc difficult to eliminate. Ihe AU "skin
attachment model,"' or SAM rest, and the
innoation of combining transde ma agents,
such as emrilsifiers and sirfactants, with anti-
bacterial or ganic acids, xork together to oxer-
come this problem.
IThe new approach shows iesults very
promising for commercial application, xith
very low concentrations of acids recluired.
Researchers are refining the techniqnue, which
should help the industy comply with future
stringent food safety iegulations and povide
cotsuittiers even greater assurance ot receixing
high qiality pouiltrx' piodulcts.
A microbial testing program condicted at
AU's Alabama Fish Farming (Center helps the
state's catfish induistry assre consumeurs of
xholesomeness and high quality in the mar-
Ieting if this very poprular seafood. The pilot
piject, nox in irs fourth year, is funded by
cooperating iioducers and pirocessors and
operated by Auburn technicians. It demon-
strates efficient methods of meeting and even
sriipassing stringent qtality control require-
ments to be enforced by new FDA regulations
in 1997.
[he program has been highly siccesshil,
with participation by many producers and by
the stare's lirgest pr ocessor, along with several
smaller plants. In canrying oit the pr'oiect, AU
fisheries specialists have put Alabam~is industry
ahead of most other stares in getting ready for
the new FDA rules. One benefit seen already
has been opening of additionil market oppotr
tunities with large catfish buiyers who have bad
their oxn qruality assurance reqcirements.
[he cooperative project will end in 1997,
having siccessfuilly achieved irs purpose in
preparing the industry to conduct irs own pro-
gram. AU research and extension facilty xill
continue to provide scientific advances and
technical assistance in sipport of continued
industrv expansion and assurance of plentiful
supplies of top-qualiry catfish for consimers.
X
N UIRO M\ TulENI
- appliCed to Liittiin. Ih ludILge is high Illt*itO
g1 
,I 
anLd La All apliedL 
Xwith 
no EPA 
I Csti IL
tuioXs. Th IlL c C espons o XiiCif ciottonl tol this
XXastC appllicationT dependsLI on) sCXvCIal factors ,
incLludLing XXcatlcI. NI) legatiXc fcC[Cts haXve
bCern founLd, hiowX r CL)And Lunder faX irabIL
conditions lX IIdgCI,tCLIte ploits ouiel d ICLIL
ruoX CntiollI fCertili/CLd plots byN aX much~ aX
-3 pectLlt Ill addIiiIo to providing nitro~gCn
firtili/ationl, tilL XXaXtCX imfprovXe the Xil by
ialding oric ma L iltter anLd inivaXI ig Xil
XXatCI-hilinlg LapityN. IFtrther, tr Catm))lts
proi retXLialit nilg~ll iln XLLccLding 'Ca) X,
XXsein L'VL't oftn comeri Ltilis
LnXeded.~ Rilitsimil tof Li~tIsi LAn for I ill/L
Albama'IAs leading griulIItul i inTdulstr,
pouilty productionl, ,ilsi priiduslXIarg' amioOIntX
o tc te iaiiXXls~l hichLlL poXLe Ciou ILXntvi-
ronmena~lt LLonseqLICe if lilt d~isposed of prop-
erIl'. AU faiuLllrx haX'C assisted the polti, inidLX
ttX' not OnlY in proper disposal bt ITn LonviX nLt
ofwXastCX into valuIable bIX-prodLuitX.
Nomal birtd mtitiesC in the paist hIave
mllI been~ disposed of inl pits, nowiX bianinCd by
LOXvill]nmeLntal I egulations. AU agticlturlal
eniners' Xan~d politrV LciniXIX haXvC asXsisted
produtiCI X in mCetinlg the niCCd foii a bittet wa.
NoiX, mosuit 1)f thL' 8111 tonX of noimi b1,1 iid mot-
talitiCS ilcLculring CX CXr X wCCk iT) AabmaiX
S1,000) pultry housecX uI L' t ILdCL inl AU-
LdesignedL conlp)tetX. IThis econialA land
cnironmlicntall~y safC mthoYields X t CLXAvaluable
Xiil-butildinig mtrialA, lnlt Xwaste.
XU' nionll-IXcoLgnli/Ced wXaste conve-
XioIn pogia al) Io IinlidCs resXaAc and dem( IClon-
straltion t of, cnvironcntIXalIy and l aITooiallyIX
XoundlL IICs of Xpent hIOlICI litte, theC bInCII~g
miatLriaI se iinXL l pIutty houses~l. Ihs I CLAnTd~
otherI by-'prodtt that Xwould othrwis C light
thlL Cnironmen~~lt ilL IOLIrcailwgIX be~ing shownX
to be X alualAI to faTmr Tinl X oTLitheICTs.
Whalit bCtter XVay to dCal wXith XXastes
cl ti r I bel C ' 1, thL L r li ng thlm bi aLk intoh
produiinl of theC TmhtCTA Iia X the oigint) ACL
fi-olil I IIi) XXI,) wha tiur Tien1tXt haIX CdLone
XXithi tC\T IC XXaXtCXs tXed Ctem .is ai Xo il mnd-
milent forl groXXwi' cottonl.
ResCXCAh LIcattied outt oX'Cr XCXClvI al Xt A
theC F.. Smiith ResachCII Clnter has XI)oXXn
tex ti ILm)ill wXastCXXatCIrI L'eAtt lu XiLgC to
l1ad itli)a faLirmni ng prac tice base fild
opcr ations on gCOnI alizCd, average conditions
acros)s the field. NCXw techologies, including
Lonilittet i/CL corls IXarC nowX making spaLcc
age prLciiXonI poibtlL' for falmers. Us~ing the
nCV t(ools, Li rlHlXLS c i aluatC factors 'uth as
Xi filty and moA i~ isltu I, pI llnt grlowXthl anId
healIth, andI hai Xs YXielCds from pinmt to pi nt
oXe aF Afield. I IcX then) can adjust opCr ationiX
'tIuchA as iriation, fertilizatioin, anLd pest LoT-
trol on anI eul'lYtA pTL'cise basis for maximumii
bene~fit at least cost.
Atuburn sciCntists alLe illr Cnti' testinig And
demionsitating prLcisioTn armng technlLquX 0n
M'or gan, I AXX LnL , andL (Calhoun oun~tie LXOn
aboult I1,6001 total ac IL' pAltin IllXhelat, LcornI,
arid soyXbeans. ieldL mapping of these fildsI to
iLIennfX prlemIl arLeas Xs AXcomptLd in 1996,
and the i nX'ctiga 10 io n tinuOCX, foL uX ing on
ateas XLIch aX Xatllite andlL aCi al XuiAFCllce to
deteic~t pIlt stel conLititons.
ITIhe prciion~ TL'voilutionl aims~l primai .1 X
at mucih mO)re efficient agiricuiltu a
1
l~ rodui-
tion. By pirosiding precise control to asr
that no spot in any field receiv es potentially
contaminating excess amounts of fet tilizer or
pesticide, precision farming also promises great
ensvIionm etatl benefits.
Aubo in agricultural engineeliog has dev el-
oped
1 
and successfully demonstrated poitahie
timsber bi dges foi use in fosrest hairvesting oper-
atos h]le bridges i ncor p orate innos'ativ
designs of glued-laminated uimber s tot- maxi-
mum strength ssith economical use of materials.
One deisininnov(',ationi is the ise of I sccnull
bridge panels. This design enables bridges to
support svery heavy logging equipment oser
longer spans, while lemaining ligilt enough to
be por table and easily installed and remloved. lo
date, hidges designed to carty log~ truck traffic
hasve been tested in lengths tip to 40 feet.
In demonstration use floss by sesveral
coimpanies, thec bridges contribtite to improsved
efficieiicy in logginig operaitions and eniable
lllggeis io as oid causing water quoalits degi ada-
nion at sticam cirossings. The need to cross
streams is ciommion~l in logging, and ctri ct-
ed foirds and culverts often cause unacceptable
adv erse wsater tquality effects. The hiridges hasvc
alsto been shossn to) be cost-conlpetitise wsith
tse oif foirds and culverts.
IThe portable bridge designs can also be
used for tempt)!aix heavy equipmlcnt crossings
over light-dtits bridges on rtiral roads, thus
glisin g loggel s access to otherwsise difficult to
reach fleas. 
[he bridges 
may also 
fiod use 
as
temporar rev cplacemenlts foi washed-otit lit
deteioirated pcirmanent bridges in itiial areas.
IThe Alabama Master Gardenei prolgralm
greatly mtultiplies the effectiveness lof AU
extenisioni efforts in horticultural anti envyiron-
msental edtucaitionl. In the 15-yeai histoty of othre
priogramlt, almo~st 3,000) Master ( a.ldenlers in
34 countilies hlave been certified. Tihe intenlsive
traiing prolgram includes pr inciples of inte-
girated pest isaniageml ent aind vegeitabile anid
laisdscape gai denling. Each Miastei G .Ii tnr
clommlits 10 ssai iing his oi bet lsnrtiultral
expeitse as a teacher ill tile colllliiil.
Mans' individuals across thse state ssho
ostheirwise msighst lot hlave beein reachled noss
do a bettei job of gmssing their oss ivsegetables
anld bcai'is g theii osvn homle groluntds ssithl
flossets, shrutbs, and trees, all ssith liisered pes-
ticide impacts ion tile env5ironmleti. I he pill
gram~ has also piiosen stlccessftil ini illgailing
local citizenls fiii clommuntiity illpiriovemlellt.
'Somfe r ec int act!iviities inluide itsvo lvem~ent
ssithi vitiig peisonis f11om1 (Calshun ( ltlS5
Coosisa al les Youiith Setsvices ill a itC ceur1! ery, a
Baldssill Counits residential ssale! quialits'
improvsemlent prolgram, Ma~disonl ( Itnts5
Ro(ads5i de Pidte I rojlect, a Miile ( i n t
schoolil prolgraml called IlhtlllltcilW Gailcensino
to youth, aind IHabiitait for Humanlitii hliome
lancdscapting pilojects iln mtatny cunties.
coil lIttle sii clts of millions of dllaris to
tile stale's economl~ly an11d help ii 1omcer es antd
businlesses mlaintain mosre beatiful suitroutnid-
ings. Aubtii i facults conltribtite tile scientific
knoissledge needed to make Alabamla more1
beatifl at lowsest coist and ssill) intimum
imspact ontsIhe envIIioment. Just a fess recenlt
advanlces iniclude
I ls'i d tea rose researchlers hasve shsowsn
that alternIating fungicide applicatiions ssith iho-
ticulittial l colntIS rose blaikspot as sseli ot
betterthni fun iigic ides alone1. Fuiiiihe!, uise lit
film-forinllg aitttalspil aits call strletch nleed-
edlteatment initervalMs frlom once.1 a wseek toi
every two wseeks. Findings aire good nesvs for
both comi) 11)1!c ial andc illoime ro st grow55ers,
recducinig labor, colst, and1( chtemlicl imlpacts.
C~ritical knlllclge ot huos to get[ allits
wsithi Molther Nature iincluides knlowsing sshat
can't be donie. Anntlti 5 inca (petrissinkle) has
beenl a comml~uon and easily-mlaint~ained
Alabama landscape flower, but in tihe las~t sever-
atl yeats has been cievastated by a parasitic
Phvtopiltisora, funguts. AU planlt pathoslolgists
hasve shossn thsat no( av5ailable funigic ides loffer a
pralcticail solutilul tir the s inca is oblemn. ( n
thec polsitiv e side, researchers hasve shown I thlat
imanss ithler selectionis, inlutdinig agel atuims
begonfia, geransiumn, aind ininiia, arc Pbs to-
ph thloia iesislanit and prosvide al15 economi)11cal
and1. effec tti i atelrnativ e.
Flowset insg doigwviod is uone o~f tile mos11t
ppuliar lanldscapse beat~itis adciiss Alaiba~ma,
bitl polssdet msilciews often spoils thleit loolks.
Reseaichiers hsavse icdentified resistanlt cliltis ars
enlablinsg comm515erciail and huome lanldscapsers to
enjoy the bseauts of thleir dogwoiods ss thsoti
uisinigi costlIs ani ilabuor-in tellsivec chieil s.
AUl studies anid citemon1strationis showis tha~t
smariitei pcst conitroll msealstues calll ill mlanys
calses yield bietter conltrl of insect ptsts ill hoimle
alnd cm icrllllciaii landlcscapes, 55ith di astitalls'
ietduced amutls of pesticides. Bellefils inlutde
nsotchI lowe co i sts and iredltced ens irii iiitssi al
impsact.
111ismo Isbowls cisckroa~c hes. a1 common5511
hstome psest, sselre studied bs reseairchsers apply-
iniieraed Pest Masnageisseit talctics,
ni.ltd in trg i ged rather thanl .1!ea tieaitIsetsts,
anti use o~f peiletized ansc gel baits. Colcki oatches
wsere cittoilletd, ssithl a 90f percet iedutiions ill
insecticide amounlilts, ciompiaredti 'th conlven-
tionsal area treatments.
Retd imp~otretd fire anit infestationis base
been aidequiatels cotlled its vaioius iltnd-
scape setlillgs by mlapping tinfestation~s, estab-
iishillg pr'ii,!its arleas, antd apslsi ll oisiy
fserimileter ireatmsents ssith bauits. A successful
pilolt pi ogra int a business lansdscape setrting
it'dutce~d labor anidt chlemicall conltriol costs by 90
perccent. IThe aproach is also useful for gisif
cootrsces, athletic fields, and5c homse landscapes
ilaigertha Il on1 ie aicre.
Drieaided subterranean teirmites ill tihe pas
cildt lie conltrllled oily by usinig hundreds of
gallons o~f pestic idles itn soil (tcihtIes.
Denxsolst 1,11111 priscts iin Alabamsa carrliedl out
ill tioopetio will sith commlierciall pest cotol
compl~anlies show~s thait newsdvloe Is ti's t
fraictionis ot ani )unicc', canl dco tile job) as svtll or
betici. Ill thret' tests, termsite actis its arotusnd
strutcturt's cealse't after an aiserag' trc'atmen'lt
timse of four msonlths.
N E Y
,tr r 
v r :
Iu .r 
ct~t a /.
,4 t .
7,.. 
f
a 
! ^h
AAAlS 6i~ 1, S 't i 6I X
Aided by an intensive Auburn infoi ma-
tiin attc tmoinitoriing effoirt, Alabama growsers
far aitd away led the entire cotton belt in tak-
ing adv'antage (If a nevly-v ailable svaiety
almost entirely imttuiie to cotton's cui irnt
worsitt insect enems, the tobacco budwsorm.
The geneticaily-enginered Br cotton, wshichi
carries insecticidal properties, had been thioi-
otighly tested by AU scientists for three previ-
otis sears. Yhus tihe stage w'as set for its wide
adolption, wsith an estimated 1996 statew',ide
cotnlint v ield of 750 pounds per acre. Ibis
svoiuld be the secoind highest cotton yielcd iin
Alabama history.
G~rowers (ised the Br cotton as part oIf an
AU-recommended Integrated Pest Manage-
imeint program. Tools includle rise of beneficial
insects, imtited perstic ide rise, and imeasuiies to
piesent desvelopmrint (If insect i esistance to
controls used, iincluding tite lir saiert. A
conrribiig factoi swas the piotis suiccess
(If a regioit-wside boll weevil etradication pio-
graim. ltIn 1996, less thatt 20) percent (If
Alabama's cot ion acreage ireceived a single
insecticide spras, the lowest since ss nthetic
insecticides became av ailable in the I1940s.
Cost sasvings statewide, evein including the fee
grovers pay foi use of thce Bt techntology,
toItaled an estiniated $46 rmillioni.
The fauing wvay (If life cainiiot be sus-
tamned unless rte farm is oprated as a sus-
tainable business venture. A statewide orga-
nlizatioIn and four regional F'armn Aitalssis
Associjations provide the information and
tools far mers need to ev aluate profitabil itsy
oif the.ir fam noperationis and nmake soitind
butsintess dec isionts unudr comlplrx and
clain cioingrtiditions.
Alabama's Fatrm Analsis Association
pr ogiam bega n in 1 980, ithr first to he estab-
iishrcd in the Southeast. lIn this self-suifport
ing, fee basrd piogirant. AU personnel giver
o1 ri-onrn man agrri al assistancer on top) of a
foil package of mostly coimpttr-basrd pro0
redurrs for budgrting, enirpirise and market
:uaas'is, and financial and tax planning.
Most pairticipants take care of rrcordkrrping
atnd bustiiess basics oin thir 0own cotmiptirs,
calling on thr Auburn ti rid trpiresrntativs fr o
trip wsithi more complicated piroblems.
I he program allows producers to com-
pre finaincial asprcts of thleir opecrationt with
rs ci dr av erages fori s imil ai opera tio0ns,
spo possible ptoblem aireas, and make nrrd-
rd adjustments. Btisi ness decisions, aire
rinhantced by complex 'sw at-i&- calcula-
tions wsh ic h forecast results of possible
chanirges in fiirm opietationts ot outside con-
diiioins. Few Alabama fairtes ate able to
cairrv our such anaivsrs on their ow',n. IThe
Alabama Farm Analysis Association gives
any fa rie a imu~ch bettr chance at a
healthy~ aind sustainable bottoIm line.
Alabama is generall a water-rich state
-boit svatei isnit necrssarily pleintiful where
yuhappen to be located, or doting the
time ot year you hasve need for wvatr.
Addiessing the problem of uineqtial gro-
g1raphical ancd seasonal water distribtition is
the aim of a combined reserch and exten-
sion demonstration piroject in Noirth
Alabama.,
[he $1.5 million pioject, begun in
I. mestone County in I1994 in cooperation
with t letitisec ,illcv Ait tlicntirvs tllsfci
pumping wvater fronm a streami duriing 'cxiniet
and sping when flow rares ate high and
watet demand is loss. T he wcxater is stort tin
a cunsti tcd resersni r fnr latrt use xxhen
stream flowss are lowx and water demand is
hig'h. T he rexult is an a! telrnativ e watr sup-
ply sour!c that is reliable, envirunmentalx
sustainable, and dines not compete sxit h
otiher 'cater tuxes ur needs.
lhe project is nouw in operation, with a
1 3-adre, 140) acre-foot rext! 'cul filled ftromi
Li mestone C reek and in use fur cotton irri
ittiun research. Such sx'ater-harvexti nc"
installatiutix utter potetial nut unly for
expantdetd agricultural prouction bitt for
meetin cl~ irical intdtustrial and mnincipal
wxater Stippix needs as Alabama continues to
Recetnt Atuburn rexeatrch has shoswn
Alabamla's natural resourtccx to he far mute
vailale than must people imagine For
example, nearly 800,000) tesidents wett
fishling in 1994, adding about 52. 15 billion
to the state's economyl anid stipptrttig
alnmost 42,000 jobs. Over 300,000 hunters
genietratetd $650) million atnd 17,000 jobs.
Thits, a substaintial portioni of the poutla-
tin is pat icip~atiitg itt actisitics that extract
a rceewable resource atnt at thle samel time
have vetry large econotmiic imtlpacts. Ptio tot
tis trexcarch, little xwas known i abutt the
ediitniti cs ot such uses utf nut forest and
xxatr r exttutccx.
T he r esearcb fintd icgs also tndtcate a
signitficanlt nlet tranlsfer of intcotme 1from1
urban to r ural areas. Sinrce agricittiral 1p o-
diuctitn is also cntcetntrattd ill tile at eas
xxhere hltting and fitshintg arc likeix to be
takitig place, efforts aimietd at lhelpinlg fatri-
er5 atdopt enivirotllnmenltallsuststainalie prac-
tices multst also be seentinI a newx ecutnitiiic
light. Th~at is, nth on111y wxildlife atnd ftiiesc
programls, hut agricutitur al xxaste mlaniage-
mlenit andli pesticide treduictiiln proigramsl hase
addtCd c iOIiiit 'cI .ilitc lix lltIcttcc ti' ccIt
recre attinal I exuitccx.
Oti abttnidanit fotest andt s'catr
I esources ate tnot j ust ile latnd cit scetnic
attractionls. TI lie are imlpior tant edicnomic
Coltitribtttots to Alabama~ 'ceaithi.
A less, AU-released 'catrlets of
Ilet tlttlac'iass ix tdctiutist ati tg hu tge atdvall
rages uver coaxial let tmtda, tihe nit
1 
standtatrt
'caritr. Itn over xsetn yeats of textitng by
Auburnl rescar ch anld extetiont tacult,
RiuxselIlt ill utlagi ass has cutisistetly
shown a full one-toll pet adc Yieltd atdxat-
tagc ovs C o castal. Rtusxci is alsot prov'ing
superior in case of establishmtlet, xxitrihat-
intess, atid disease r cststanice, as ttla t Ctle
to coastal. Thle tnew' forage 'catrict has tundtr-
goile thirutghi ttxtitng, with usvit 15 detmont
stttions estabhlishedi iii Alabatia, atnt it is
cirtiIily beitig grown' on ovi(1r 8,0)0)0 addci-
tionlal acres.
What is thle pttttil payo tff? Thle moreti
thatn 1(0,0)0)0 tural acres platitedi xo far are a
smlall ftractioti of the acreacge Alabamia cattle
pruiert ad tl uhet x curtetll hiave planltedl
itn coastal. lit at a ty pical has' valute of S60(
per- tont, tile tite-toti 5ieid it tease otn the
smlall act cag'e ini ext stenlce at pllescilt is 5oritthi
miire thlan half a millioni ticllat s. Nows that
atit juit hla',, that's Russell be til t ilagi asY
ITT N(
fur Alabamliatis andt v isitors, it's a big atnd
grwcxitng biusins itwx cithl somie 270) courtses
miakinlg a 540 mt) illioni a yeal tipatt ont the
state's ectiuiis.Il hi(gtrass retsearclh ittlil-
'cxvay at sexea cii l
5
cabamia gui I cottutsts couldt
givce tile ittditsti a cotnsidlerable boost.
Several vcarieticx of bet tlldagt ass beinlg text-
etd lbx AU tutrfgrass specialists ate shiintg
ttraits very 'cx li suitetd to gulf coutrse tise, alit
may~ replace bcnltgtrass greccli, whicii art ver
expensivce to tiaintaiti, iti Alabama atlt
mulich of tihe Soth iast
hBettitagiass rirecs tint I t caite
thlan hetrass, wh'iichl is a col-limllate ',rtass
nt getetaliv wcxeil atdaptedl fot Alabamla cull
dliitilns. If thle curtit ittlc testetid iituda vli-
cies pruse iittt it tuxe, it coud mieani fesset
huic ide appi cat ionis, less fet til ivct tise andt
tcmictidccus dccliii sain lgs for golf cocuttsecs.
Fot examlple, ftingitcice spras s cani cost at
cittit x 55~00 pet aplication anth till to
Sx 10000) per 'cear.
A gonlf curst-adapted bet iiutiagi ass
culdi also) booust the Stats tiltfgtrass pruic-
ttiitn sector', xinlce ilc ilutta is mulih ii asici to
grtis in Alabamla thiant bcttntras. In aditionti
to 'catrlets' tests, Atubtrn offers~t a fl r tange of
for the expanudintg gulf indlitstry.
if'YBI E [\N All A3AM"
Auburn fishleri rxtesearchlers, xxiiiintg
tog~ether 'cwithl state Marine RCSOUICCx
D ivcisin scienltists, hisvc aci cect a miajoir
illeakthirouiih: arti ficially' spassnitg tetd
xtnaippers anid r aisting tile snlappet fry to
vable sizc. In prevstus attemlpts ini Alabamia
atit elsesshere, thle yi tung sna~pper coutld tnot
lbe kept alive tormt r 1 th hanl a fess we eks.
T he reseatrchiers achiev ed stuccess by'
plating Gulf-c atught red snappcrl~ ini taniks
siticked wcith 'cat tis algae anth smll crs
titeanis tol recreate thle ciomplex niattiral fund
clin neeldetd liy th~e tiny~ snlapper liarciluigs.
Th li evecslotpmenctt olpens the wsay tio raiing
tile lisl ill captivity' til a commlilercial basis.
Red snlapper atectix cifishletdn trtughittheI l
Worldti andt commerilccial prodttcticon otf tile
fish ill caltix irs woutild xcirve ai hluge miat ket
foti the ighl-salute, hligh-dtemlanit scafood
species. Cnitinintg r esearch fic uses utn
refiin g techiiuis fort raisinlg thle fisht.
IThe disctovcix is expected alsot to help
thle comtmtlercial anit recreationial fishiing
ititdtstries. Riasittg thle snlapper ini captiv ity'
ailliws miiarinie iotlogists toi heat muiitcht ttore
ablt thle chlaratctetristics anld leeds o ut ttl
sniapper, lilt aplY this knowsledge in pro-h
tt w xid snlapper htabitats.
U-00
J
r N11
ii'nrollmnent in the College (of
Agriculrtire has been grossing hv leaps
and( hounds. In 1996, nearls' 84(0 students
were cunrolled in the C ollege's untder grad-
utate program. which represents molire
than a 70 percent incirease in enrollmlenlt
over the past five years. In add itionto1( stu-
dlents enrolled in (College of Agiric ulture
majors, many students from other col-
leges and schools across cam pus take
College of Agricutlttre cottrses to enhance
their eduications.
Students in the College also hav'e the
chance to continue their education thrtoughl
the College's masters andi Ph.D. prolgrams.
n 1 996, more than 240 stdents were
enroiled in graduate-leN el programs with in
the C ollege.
I he poptllarity of the C ollege s pro-
granms is further illustrated by the suppor t its
students r eceive from the agricultural com-
mnittity and alumni. In 1996, more than
$31 2,000 in scholarships, many of which
ate donatted by former sttdents and ag-t dat-
ed butsi nesses and industries, were award(ed{
to untde gi adltes in the Ciollege of
Agiculture.
Recrttinmenr of new students also is a
piotritv for College of Agriculture faculty
and staff. T he College's Ag Ambassadors, a
group of students who setrve as hosts for the
Colilege, join factilty members at recrtit-
One treason for the growt h in enroll-
men t in tile C ollege of Agriculture is the
dix cisitx and qutalitv (of the classes and
instruc tots. But another reason can he
fotund ini the mentoring approach that the
C oliege has taken toward its students.
The Colleges factilty membhers have
always taken a petrsotli interest in the stu-
detnts tihey teach. Today, that spirit of sup-
port continues. Eich department has devel-
oped a formal advising program that is
staffed hv faculty members who v olunteer
lilt tihe assign merit.
Adsvisors follows studets throughout
their college catreer andc these relaitionships
fut tush studetnts niot only with professional
guidanice, hut alsoi often evolve into stirri-
L_ )LLLUL t.
mnlt progr ams in the state aimed at intro-
duc itng igih school stutdents to the College's
pr ogr ams. Thiese meetings are co-sponsor ed
hy the Ag Altinuni Association, wvhich wvorks
hand-in-hanitd with the factulty and staff to
suippot t the College's programs.
IThe C ollege also co-spons5ors a highly
successful esvent each fall working wvith the
states agrictultural commnodlity groups. The
Ag Aluimini A\ss~ciations Faill Roundup anid
T aste of Alabhama Agriculture introduces
bothl potential students andi all Alabama cit-
izetns to tihe conitribtitionis of Alabama agri-
cuiltttre and the C ollege of Agriculture. In
1996, mite thlan 1,.000 people attended the
evenlt, which inlutded fun and games. great
foodin, dilin-h iomei music, antd lots of edttca-
gate parents and life-long
friendships. The (olleges
lentoring program is so
exceptional that a recent report
from AU's Student Government
Association cited the (ollege of
Agriculture's advising program as the best
on campus.
And as graduation nears, the help con-
tinues. The placement rate for (ollege of
Agriculture graduates is more than 95 per-
cent, an exceptional average compared to
the lest of the university and to the nation-
al average.
The (ollege of Agriculttre's education-
al programs ale not limited to the campus of
Auhurn University or to traditional college
strdents. Extension and outreach effoits
help reach "students" across the stare hy pro-
viding valuable information to residents,
husiness people, industries, and policy mak-
ers in Alahama.
Extension efforts help educate
Alahama's agricultural producers and home-
owners ahout environmental, health, and
economic issues affecting the state and its
people. For example, an Extension educa
tion program for non-point source pollu-
tion has helped inform and train more
than 6,000 residents of a single watershed
about water quality issues and has helped
them protect theii water supply from
fiture problems.
Alahamas 18,000 row crop and produce
far meis use an estimated 3.6 million acres of
Alahama soil to pro-
duce soybeans, cotrn,
grain sorghunm, wheat,
peanuts, pecans, vegeta-
bles, and sairious fruits.
T'han ks to extension
efforts in the state, a large peircentage of
these farmers have adopted integrated pest
management (IPIM) systems that include
use of hiological control measures and
other cnviion men tally-friendly forms of
pest management. Ior example, 77 pcr-
cent of the peanut and 68
percent of the pecan acreage
in the state are now under
I PM systems. This results in
coSt savings to pioduccrs
and a safer environment foi
all Alaham ians. It also is
helping Alahama producers
meet fedeirally mandated
I PM requiirements.
Innovative rses of nev and
traditional tech nology has
alloved the (ollege of Agiicilture to reach
students from a distance all across the state
and the world.
Distance education services make
College of Agricilture classes available to all
Alahamians literally in their homes thanks
to coirespondence couirses that can he deliv-
cired thirough the postal setrvice, via satellite,
and over the internet.
One example of this is an otrganic gar-
dening class that has become extremely pop-
tlar for students hoth on and off campus.
The class sas first taught in 199(0 and diev
some 100 students to a classioom on cam-
pus. In 1996, more than 3,6(00 stidents
from sithin the C ollege of Agricilture and
fiom many other schools and colleges across
canptis took the class. Recently, the coouirse
was also taight as a video satellite confer-
ence and it is now heing offered rhrough
AU's Distance Education Outreach program
svhete stidents can
access the class
material through
the Worlld Wide
Web or receive it
through the mail.
Anothet exam-
ple of rsing technolo-
gy and iesoirces to
edicate the woirId is the
infotmation cleating-
houise that has been
instituted to help wvith
international work in
I lain. [he tech nical infotr
iviation ser'ice has heen arr anged thr ouigh a
local library in Haiti thirough access to
Auuhtrn Jnivesity's Ralph Biown
DI anighon Library no address technical
problems raised by collaborating institutions
or individuials in Haiti. A hilingual nesslet-
ter, Info-PuIs, also is pnihlished in French and
English and r eports iesilts and information
from a sustainable agiciltire project ilnder-
way in Haiti.
7, do /o eiv
there~~ ar ie dctr
' r.~
I 'he C ollege's education effoirts
also reach otrside the bordters Of th'e
United Staites. AU C ollege of Agricutr 
e
facutis anti staff trasvcl to aiii cornetrs 
of the
ssotrld to shaire theii expeirtise ssith peoples
oif other wointries, thus hclping thc global
corn trity obtin iinforimation 
to ativance
thei t ctiltttrits and enhanc' their luses,
In 1996, tswo professoirs in the 
College
Of Agirictilttire receivedo F ulhrighi
Scholarships that a)llowved them 
to share
t h e ii 
e x p e i 
r is e 
ss it h 
t h e 
fis h e r 
ie s I 
i c it s 
ttin 
B a 
l a 
d t h 
u t v 
i d 
u t y 
n
Rtissua. Mlaii othei factulty aind staiff 
in the
C ol lege r vsel frequicn tIN aiiotind the 
world
to sutch places as iiaiti, Latin Aineric,
Asiai, ind i'uiriopt' to shat c their expertise
thirotgh Unisversirt' and U. S. Agency 
for
I nte'tnational Desvelopme'nt (USAI) 
)
cooperativ e programs.
I he In ternautional Centr 
fot
Acpaactilture and Aqtjaic nsvironminus
(IC(AAE'), has had tremendiotis influtence
tin 6 sheries aind aq uacutlture pirogram 
s
wsotrldsside More than otne-third of 
the
811( studceiits ssho hase completed
adsvanced degrees in fisheries (214 
mas-
trts aind 60) Ph.D. degrees) haise heeti
from deseloping couiitries and another
250) international stidents have receiseti
eithet bachelor's or nonticgree trat n iii
These stiudents aic e ovicing the leadei-
ship for the grossth of aqtiac ni ture 
in
developing cutis
Atuburin Universits has had extensisve
expeience ptosvitiing both short- 
anti
long-term tch nical
assistane itn agri
cllture to cievel-
oping co(unties.
Cuirrently College of
Agtricuture facuity alr' insvolv ed in 
intcirna-
tional ontr each and resear ch projects 
in
mrainy counties wvorldwXide.
In Hlaiti, C.lg aut rc 
wxorking
wi th issues reclated to peanult pr otduction,
sil minan ageminen t, and aJo)foriest'. Mnch 
oif
the wsork rinderwsas in Haiti is aimed 
at pin-
tecting the cotinti V natural resouircs. 
1The
College of Agricuilti he is coopei-ating( 
with
U SAlI) projects theire that aire helping t he
Haitian people mlaximize the pioduttcion
potential of their hillside agricutltture.
Fat ulty ate helping these people 
ptrotect
thei i soil anti wsatei rcsouirces and teaching
Haitian fairmcrs better ssass to 
cultivate
thei t land.
C ollege of Agiricuituire facuity also 
ate
inv solvecc ini lea n anti cow5pca researiclh 
in
Catmeroon. Acitacilttral inteichanges are
tindtiirsas int Kenyva, H ondii trtas, Vittnam,
Thailand, Brail, anti Ectiador. Animal 
and
poutitrv science anti hoirticuiltuic facuttlr 
ate
involvedc in projects in Vietnam, 
Russia,
China, Mexico, Cutia, anti (taemaila.
In adtdition, Atubtiin Universirs has
signed acatieinic intierchainge agreements
wsith motre thain 4(1 institutions in I17 cotun-
tries. Fachlty' also ate making inroads 
into
many' other cottnties swhetre they aire 
pid-t
ing assistance wvith esveryithi ng from 
basic
science to tmairketi ng.
O)ME AGAI\ 'IOCRAMS
11 ) 1)( ' ID - I IF / i-> - ) I
In 1t996, 30 neXX participants hewan 
a
tswo-sear educational progiram th routgh 
the
Alahama Agicultite antd Foresry 
Ieaders
Progt am, an outrreac h progiram sttppotrted 
by
the (College aind designed to help agricultuti
al pirodutcers and agrthbisi ness people 
hone
theit leadeirship skills.
Since it hegan in 1984, the [Leacicis 
pro-
gram has giracuateti 138 pairicipants, 
and
those gracitates have piroven the s altie 
of the
ptrogiatm. A ttumbei of these grattates have
reachted the highest levels of leadership 
with-
in their commtoditv antd farm organizartions.
Mans moire giraditates have hecome atrise 
in
theit local cotmimutt ties, scirsing on school
boaircs, as c ity anti cotinty' officials, and 
in
other leacdeiship positions. IThe Leatiers 
pro-
graim is toritrihbut ing to the 
lfuttire of
Alabatna hb' entcottaging people take 
knossl-
edge anti expertise hack home to theii 
w
conmmtntiics.
In aidditiotn to helping Alaibamai farii
becotne leadeirs in the state, the College 
of
Agrictulture also is sworking ssith 
fairmers
from other cotinties thrtougch it 
frmer
exchange program. In 1996, the College 
o
spontsored anti participated in tsso farmer
exchanges ssith the Hais lland Farmers
Association, a group of agrictiltirists 
from
easteirn Geirnan. Alahaatu fatin leatders
anti Collegce of Agricuiltrttit fact m ein
hers Xvisi ted Gertmans antd Polantd, 
anti
later a delegation of (Germain fartmeirs 
taint
to Alaubamai to learn mote abotutt outt 
agi-
cultuial system.
JK III NA \I \NL-IA/\IL IFH1IIk Ih HIL IQ G i II S
11 G R
To
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EEEEEEEEEE $10,215,640
HEEHE $4,645,908
******** $7,883,829
EmE mE $5,596,047
$32,657,747
wNSTIRICT
Eu..
$4,316,323
Eu.....
$7,245,344
Eu.
$2,970,296
$3,888,606 $757,302
$972,376 $3,199,842 $1,414,101 $2,297,510
$5,596,047
$16,422,649 $6,927,440 $1,414,101 
$7,893,557
NDUSFR'Y OTH~