Circular 295 January 1989 Experiment Station Auburn University Alabama Agricultural Lowell T. Frobish, Director Auburn University, Alabama Ne I ybe Variety f Yalaba Pedigree of Stonewall. Information contained herein is available to all without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin. PUBLISHED JANUARY 1989-4M STONEWALL A New Soybean Variety for Alabama D. B. Weaver, R. Rodriguez-Kabana, B. H. Cosper, and R. L. Akridge 2 IS A NEW soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] variety released by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station in 1988. It was released primarily to provide Alabama soybean growers a mid-Maturity Group 7 variety that combines high yield with good pest resistance, standability, and seed quality. Stonewall originated from the cross N73-693 X F76-8757, as indicated in the pedigree reproduced on page 2. N73-693 is an experimental line selected from the cross D68-216 X Ransom, and F76-8757 is an experimental line selected from the same cross as the variety Kirby. The original cross was made at the University of Georgia in 1979. The F1 generation was grown during the winter of 1979-80 in Puerto Rico, and the F2 generation was grown in Georgia during the summer of 1980. The F3 and F4 generations were advanced from the F 2 by single-seed descent, and were grown in Puerto Rico during the winter of 1980-81. F, seed (each tracing back to a different F2 plant) were planted at the Plant Breeding Unit in Tallassee, Alabama, in the summer of 1981. Approximately 400 F, plants were harvested, threshed individually, and grown in F,-derived F6 rows in 1982. Yield testing was begun on selected F6 rows in 1983, under the experimental designation Au82-204. Yield tests in Alabama consisted of four-row plots and three replications at the Plant Breeding Unit (PBU) in 1983 (preliminary test). Advanced from in part by a 'Research supported of Agronomy grantSoils, Alabama Soybean Producers. Former Professor of Plant Pathology, and Associate Professor 2 STONEWALL Research Associate in Agronomy and Soils, and Research Associate in Agronomy and Soils, respectively. tests were grown in 1984, 1985, and 1986 at the PBU; Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville, Alabama; and Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton, Alabama. Advanced tests were also grown at the Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope, Alabama, in 1984 and 1986, and at Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville, Alabama, in 1986, for a total of 12 Alabama test environments during the period 1984 to 1986. Data were collected on seed yield, plant height, lodging, and days to maturity. Plots were judged to be mature when 95 percent of the pods were brown. Screening in the field for resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heteroderaglycines Ichinohe) race 3 was done in infested soil at the E. V. Smith Research Center at Shorter, Alabama. Experimental genotypes were planted in single-row plots with three replications. Numbers of cysts were counted on the roots of five plants from each plot 6 weeks after planting and compared with known susceptible and resistant varieties. Screening for resistance to soybean stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cke. & Ell.) (Sacc.) var. caulivora) was done during the preliminary yield trials at the PBU in 1983, when a natural epiphytotic of the disease caused significant yield loss to susceptible genotypes. In 1985, Stonewall was entered (as Au82-204) into the Southern Regional Preliminary Group 7 of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests. It was evaluated for yield and disease and TABLE 1. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL AND CHECK VARIETIES IN ALABAMA DURING 1984, 1985, AND 1986 IN A TOTAL OF 12 ENVIRONMENTS Line Yield Bu. 47.1 42.5 41.2 39.2 2.3 Maturity date (days after Oct. 1) No. 14 17 11 9 Height Height In. 34 37 36 34 Lodging 1 Lodging Score 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 Stonewall .......... Braxton .............. Centennial ......... Tracy M ............ LSD (.05) .......... 'Lodging rated on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 = all plants erect and 5 = all plants down. TABLE 2. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL IN THE USDA PRELIMINARY GROUP VII TESTS AT 9 LOCATIONS DURING 1985 Line Yield Bu. 38.8 35.4 35.1 Maturity date (days after Height In. 33 38 35 Oil Pct. 21.4 20.3 20.5 Protein Pct. 41.9 42.6 43.2 Oct. 1) Stonewall ........... Braxton .............. Centennial ......... No. 18 2116 LSD (.05) .......... 3.9 nematode resistance characteristics at nine locations across the Southeast. Stonewall was advanced to the Uniform Group 7 Tests for similar evaluation at 19 locations across the Southeast in 1986 and 23 locations in 1987. Additional evaluation for disease and nematode resistance, seed quality, protein and oil content, and seed size was done during testing in the USDA Uniform Tests. Stonewall has been evaluated in replicated yield trials in a total of 63 environments. Stonewall yielded 4.6 bushels per acre more than Braxton, the highest-yielding check variety, during 3 years of testing in Alabama, table 1. Maturity was midway between Braxton and Centennial, maturing about October 14 on average. Height was somewhat shorter than Braxton or Centennial and lodging was the same as Braxton. In the first year of testing in the USDA Preliminary Group 7 Tests, in locations from North Carolina to Texas, Stonewall yielded 3.4 bushels per acre more than Braxton, table 2, and 3.7 bushels per acre more than Centennial. Maturity and height data were similar to the Alabama tests in relation to the check varieties. In the USDA Uniform Group 7 Tests during 1986 and 1987, tables 3 and 4, Stonewall yielded higher than all the check varieties, including Thomas, a new variety released in 1987 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station. Protein and oil percentage of the seed compared favorably with the check TABLE 3. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL IN THE USDA UNIFORM GROUP VII TESTS AT 19 LOCATIONS DURING 1986 Line Yield Bu. 40.5 39.4 37.0 37.2 Maturity date (days after Height In. 29 31 34 33 Oil Pct. 21.8 19.8 20.5 21.5 Protein Pct. 41.6 41.9 41.4 39.8 Lodging Score 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 Oct. 1) Stonewall ...... Thomas ......... Braxton ......... Gordon ........ No. 21 24 27 19 TABLE 4. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL IN THE USDA UNIFORM GROUP VII TESTS AT 23 LOCATIONs DURING 1987 Maturity date Line Yield Bu. 37.9 35.2 33.3 33.7 (days after Oct. 1) No. 21 24 22 20 Height In. 31 34 37 35 Oil Pct. 20.9 18.4 19.1 19.7 Protein Pct. 41.1 41.8 41.7 40.8 Lodging Score 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 Stonewall ...... Thomas ......... Braxton ......... Gordon ......... varieties all 3 years, whereas lodging and plant height were somewhat lower. Disease and nematode resistance, as evaluated in the USDA Uniform Group 7 Tests, showed that earlier selection for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 3 and soybean stem canker had been effective, tables 5, 6, and 7. In addition, Stonewall was found to have good resistance to frogeye leafspot (caused by Cercospera sojiina Hara), table 8, and good tolerance to Columbia lance nematode (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher), table 9. Under conditions when these diseases and nematodes have had a large effect on yield, performance of Stonewall has been good. Stonewall has determinate growth habit, white flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod walls. Seeds of Stonewall are yellow with black hila and dull seed coats. Breeder seed of Stonewall will be maintained by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Seed should be available for commercial plantings beginning in 1990. TABLE 5. NEMATODE RESISTANCE AND SEED QUALITY RATINGS FOR STONEWALL AND CHECK VARIETIES IN THE USDA UNIFORM GROUP VII TESTS DURING 1986 t Resistance ratings, by species H. glycines Race 4 Race 3 M.a. Line M.i. Seed quality 2 rating Stonewall ........... Thomas ........... Braxton ........... 2.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 4.3 3.0 R R S S R S 2.2 2.5 2.5 root-knot nematode) and M. a. is Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode). Both are rated on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 = no galling and 5 = severe galling in greenhouse tests. H. glycines incognita (Southern 1.0 Gordon ........... 1M. i. is Meloidogyne 2.5 R S 2.5 is 2 soybean cyst nematode and is rated resistant (R) or susceptible (S). Seed quality is rated on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 = excellent quality and 5 = very poor quality, based on a visual rating. Seed quality is determined by a variety of disease and environmental factors. TABLE 6. NEMATODE RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND SEED QUALITY RATINGS OF STONEWALL AND CHECK VARIETIES IN THE USDA UNIFORM GROUP VII TESTS DURING 1987 Resistance ratings, by speciesl Line Stonewall ........... Thomas .............. Braxton .............. Seed Race 4 S S S quality 2 M. i. 3.5 1.5 0.8 M. a. 4.0 4.8 3.8 Race 3 R R S H. glycines rating 1.8 1.7 1.9 Gordon .............. 1M. 1.0 3.0 R S 1.9 i. is Meloidogyne incognita (Southern root-knot nematode) and M. a. is Meloidogyne arenaria(peanut root-knot nematode). Both are rated on a scale of 1 to 25 where 1 = no galling and 5 = severe galling in greenhouse tests. Seed quality is rated on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 = excellent quality and 5 = very poor quality, based on a visual rating. Seed quality is determined by a variety of disease and environmental factors. 6 TABLE 7. PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL AND CHECK VARIETIES AT BEAUMONT, TEXAS (SITE OF SEVERE STEM CANKER EPIPHYTOTIC) DURING 19861 Line Stonewall ................................. Thom as .................................... Braxton .................................... Gordon ............ ....................... LSD (.05) ................................ Yield Bu. 14.8 18.0 9.2 5 8.3 Disease rating 1.3 0 1.0 5.8 2 'Drought was also a limiting factor at this location. 2 Stem canker rated on a scale of 0 to 9, where 0 = no disease and 9 = all plants dead. TABLE 8. PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL AND CHECK VARIETIES AT TALLASSEE, ALABAMA (SITE OF SEVERE FROGEYE LEAFSPOT EPIPHYTOTIC) DURING 1987' Line Stonewall ................................. Thomas ............ ...................... Braxton .................................... Gordon ....................................... LSD (.05) ................................. Yield Bu. 51.6 33.6 34.7 35.1 6.9 Disease rating 1.0 3.7 2.7 3.0 0.7 2 'Frogeye leafspot caused by Cercosporasojiina of unknown race. 2 Frogeye leafspot rated on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 = no disease and 5 = over 50 percent of leaf area covered with lesions. TABLE 9. PERFORMANCE OF STONEWALL AND CHECK VARIETIES AT HARTSVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA (SITE OF FIELD INFESTATION OF COLUMBIA LANCE NEMATODE) DURING 1987' Line Yield Nematode rating 1.0 3.2 3.3 2.0 2 Bu. 37.5 Stonew all ................................... 28.1 Thom as ...................................... Braxton ...................................... 22.6 28.9 Gordon ...................................... 5.6 LSD (.05) .................................. 'Columbia lance nematode caused by Hoplolaimus columbus. 2 Lance nematode rated on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 = no disease and above-ground stunting and root necrosis. 5 = severe Alabamua s Agricultural lExpcriiulcllt Stationt SN stciii AUBURN UNIVERSITY V\ it h an agri cu turad research unit in exven major sail "freA., :lhr rxes the n~ stse needs of hield cro)p, lix cst )tk, torestrx , ald horticulturatI producerS in each reg~ion inl AIthama. E ern itient of the Statte has .t stake in this reseaxrch prog.r"1A11 since anx .tdx ntitge fromn nexx, 'Id nl re econotmical xx',avs of producing and handling t~rn] produ~c ts directlx henetits the Consumting puhlic. / 72 O ,: E. V. Smith Research Center, Shorter. Tennessee Valley Substation. Beile Mina. Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville. North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield. Forestry Unit, Fayette County. Foundation Seed Stocks Farm, Thorsby. Chilton Area Horticulture Substation, Clanton. Forestry Unit. Coosa County. Piedlmnnt Siubstatin Camp Hill. Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee. Forestry Unit. Autauga County. Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville. Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction. The Turnipseed-Ikenberry Place. Union Springs. Lower Coastal Plain Substation, Camden. Forestry Unit. Barbour County. Monroeville Experiment Field, Monroeville. Wiregrass Substation, Headland. Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton. Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center, Covington and Escambia counties. 21. Ornamental Horticulture Field Station, Spring Hill. 22. Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.