,- . ; SMALL GRA IN VA Ri ETY REP 0 RT 1979 ,. . . . ·' . ..J D~~Jell u i i\;;i l l c;.t: r.gronomy anu SOl..i S Departmentai Series No. 51 ...,..~,_a-J. AUBURN UNIVERSITY. Agricultural Expeiiment Station ·\ . R. Dennis Rouse, Director Auaust 19i9 ... Auburn, Al2ba rn c: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ••••• ....... • • • 5 Forage and Grain Yields (Table 1): ........ Central Alabama • ......... ... Southern Alabama. . . • • • • • . . . . . . . . Northern Alabama. Grain Yield and Other Characteristics of Clipped Varieties (Table 2): Northern Alabama 10 11 12 ............... ... Central Alabama •• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • Southern Alabama•• .. . .......... Northern Atacama Central Alabama • Southern Alabama•• 13 14 15 Grain Yield and Other Characteristics of Unclipped Varieties (Table 3): ... .. ....... 16 17 ........... 18 Forage Yields, Forage Only Series (Table 4): Brewton, Pra ttvi 11 e, and Be 11 e Mi na • • • Forage Yields, Rye Varieties (Table 5): Northern A abama. • • • 1 Central Alabama •• Southern Alabama •• 19 ..... .... ............ ... 20 20 21 Estimated Percent Stand Loss of Smail Grain Varieties Due to Uinterkill During the 1978-79 Season (Table 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Disease Reactions Wheat (Table 7) • • . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • 23 Page Oats (Table 8). • . Barley (Table 9). .• .• ... .... • .. • ..... • . , 25 26 27 28 Varieties Recommended for Forage and Grain Varieties Recommended for Grain Only .... • .. • ... • • • • • Rye Varieties Recommended for Forage Only •••• Sources of Seed. • • • • • • • • 29 30 ........ SMALL GRAIN VARIETY REPORT, 1979 Cliff G. Currierl/ Wheat, oats, barley, and rye are tested annually at several locations throughout Alabama by the Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station. The tests are designed to provide information on relative performance of varieties in given regions of the State and may not reflect absolute yielding potential. Entries selected for testing are commercially available varieties and experimental lines from public and private sources which show potential for use in Alabama. Small grain variety tests were conducted at 12 locations during the 1978-79 season. . Due to an extreme1y dry fa 11 , p1anti ng dates varied considerably depending on local rainfall conditions. Plantings were made from September 20 to November 7. The tests at Headland ~nd Camden were irrigated after planting to obtain Warm weather stands. Good stands were obtained at all locations. followed by a sudden drop in temperature during December caused stand .loss in clipped plots of wheat, oat, and barley varieties (tab 1e 6). In Alabama, small grains are grown for grain only, for forage and grain, and for forage only. To evaluate performance of small grains under these three management practices, three series of plots were used. only. The first series was managed for grain production The second series was clipped during the fall and winter as growth permitted, to evaluate forage production and the effect 11Research Associate, Department of Agronomy and Soils - -- - - - - -------------------------------------- of its removal on subsequent grain production. In this series, ? the final forage harvest for the season was made no later than early March, prior to jointing. In both series, wheat, oat, and barley varieties were evaluated. The third series, at Brewton, Prattville, and Belle Mina, was clipped throughout the growing season until no regrowth occurred to determine total forage pro.. duction of .Yheat, oat, barley, and rye varieties. 1 Since rye is primarily grown for forage in Alabama, rye vari.eties were tested for forage production only. The rye forage tests were conducted at nine locations, and plots were clipped throughout the season until no regrowth occurred. The experimental design for the tests, except the rye forage test, was a split plot with species as main plots and varieties as subplots. A randomized complete black experimental design was used for the rye forage test. Plats consisted of three rows spaced 12 inches apart and were 16 to 20 feet long. series was replicated three times. were followed and w~re Each management Recommended cultural practices the same for all entries within a management Plats clipped for forage were fertilized series at a location. with 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre at planting, and grain only plots were given 20 pounds of nitrogen per acre at planting. Both series of plots received 60 pounds of nitrogen in late February or early March. Forage dry matter yields were obtained by clipping the entire plot, determining percent moisture content, and converting the plot green weight to pounds of dry matter per acre. used to harvest grain. Twa methods were At Fairhope, Brewton, Monroeville, Headland, 6 Camden, Tallassee, Prattville, and Crossville, a small plot combine ... was used and the entire .plot was harvested. Junction, \~infield, At Camp Hill, Marion and Belle Mina, the center row of the plot \ Marion Junction RYE Bonel McNair Vita Graze ~Hntergrazer 70 ~~eser Abruzzi Gurley's Grazer 2000 Maton Athen•s Abruzzi ~~ren•s NF 72 NF 74 Supergrazer 4202 3750 4246 3492 3721 4218 4360 4185 4231 4471 4301 4079 3554 3989 3437 3520 4031 3992 3857 4181 4235 4036 4194 3524 3922 3321 3413 3709 3963 3682 Table 5. (Cont'd) FORAGE YIELD Of RYE VARIETIES TESTED FOR FORAGE ONLY. Oven dry forage, lb. per acre 1979 Variety fairho~e locations SOUHIERN ALABAMA Monroeville lleadland 5627 3872 5399 4287 " 4740 4949 4649 5434 5433 4653 429~ . One Year regional average 1979 average 1978-79 2 yr. Camden 4359 4705 4617 4824 4390 4231 4057 3983 4343 4319 4116 5637 4767 5452 4984 4940 5110 5304 5211 5529 . 5416 5297 5442 4413 5248 4727 4750 4042 5190 5151 528l 5269 ..) ... RYE Uonel McNair Vita Graze Wintergrazer 70 Weser Wren•s Abruzzi Gurley•s Grazer 2000 Maton A then •s Abruzzi NF 72 NF 74 Supergrazer 5938 4630 5339 4653 4910 5028 5246 5535 601U 5245 5656 6626 5860 6454 6166 6174 6443 6963 6670 6322 6667 6760 Table 6. ESTIHATEO PERCENT STANO LOSS OF SHALL GRAIN VARIETIES DUE TO WINTERKILL DURING TliE 1970-79 SEASON Northern Alabama Cl i !l~ed Uncli~~ed % % Va1·iety NUMBER OF TESTS WIIEAT Coker 76-22 Coker 70-23 Coker 70-27 Coket· 70-20 Delta lJueen Ga. 1123 Met~ air 1813 Northr~p King 70W812 Wakeland OATS Carolee Coker 227 Coker 716 Coker 76-14 Coker 76-16 Coker 77-23 Elan F-j recracker Fla . 501 Central Alabama Cli~~ed Uncli~~ed Southern Alabama Cli~~ed Uncli~~ed % % % % (3) 29 69 04 37 32 25 12 7 20 0 3 11 (4) 0 17 50 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 10 37 56 67 0 14 0 0 9 0 2 4 0 0 2 3 0 49 19 7 23 13 30 45 50 0 49 0 21 2 0 11 (5) 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 17 1 0 3 0 3 ·- v v 32 4 54 40 71 -!I 3 2 4 3 63 93 2 3 3 4 25 45 23 2 0 2 2 3 2 0 100 Salem fil\RLEY liarsoy K eowee Surry Vol bar 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 9 _/oashes indicate that the variety was not tested in that region during the 1970-79 season. ! Table 7. Disease ratings for wheat varieties in 1978-79 tests in Alabama Variety NORTHERN ALABAMA2f Abe Arthur Arthur 71 Coker 68-15 Southern BellJi Coker 76-22 Coker 78-2ill Coker 78-27tj Coker 78-2~ Coker 747 Delta Queen Ga. 1123 McNair 1003 4 McNair 181~ McNair 4823:!J Powderyll mildew Leafll rust SeptoriaY blotch LooseY smut a 4.0 3.3 4.0 0.3 3.0 1.0 3.3 4.3 3.1 1.8 a 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.3 4.0 0.1 Northrup King 78W81~ Oasis Wakeland a. a 0.8 a. 1.0 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.3 a 1.3 a a a a 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.1 6.0 3.6 3.4 6.0 6.0 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.3 6.3 4.3 5.6 4.1 3.6 a a a a a a a 0.3 a a a a a a a a a 0 CENTRAL ALABAMA2f Abe Arthur Arthur 71 Coker 68-15 Southern Be11e:1f Coker 76-2~ Coker 78-2 Coker 78-2~ Coker 78-2 Coker 747 Delta ~ueer# Holley~ a a a 4.2 3.6 3.6 5.4 5.0 0.4 5.2 2.2 3.0 1.7 McNair 1813 McNair 1003 McNair 4823il Northrup King 78W8124/ Oasis Wakeland a a 0.2 0 0 1.2 a 0 a a a 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.2 1.3 6.2 3.0 2.6 1.6 0 0.3 0 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.7 3.2 4.2 4.2 2.5 4.2 1.7 3.1 2.3 4.2 5.7 2.4 2.6 a a 0.3 a 0.7 a a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 a 23 Table 7 (Cont'd). Alabama Variety SOUTHERN ALAS~ Disease ratings for wheat varieties in 1978-79 tests in Powderyl/ mildew Leafl/ rust Septoria1! blotch LooseY smut Abe Arthur 71 Coker 68-15 Southern Belle±/ Coker 76-22 Coker 78-2:rl/ Coker 78-274/ Coker 78-28!-' Coker 7474/ Delta Queen Holley McNair 1813 McNair 1003 McNair 482~1· Northrup King 78~~812 4 / Wakeland 2.5 2.2 2.9 4.6 0.6 1.4 4.0 2.2 1.3 0 0.4 0.2 0.7 4.6 1.8 1.9 1.5 0.2 0 2.2 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 1.1 0 0 0 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.6 2.7 5.6 6.0 4.6 2.4 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.3 4.4 7.6 2.8 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 JJ 0-9 scale; 0 = no disease, 9 = severe infection .. 2/ Number smutted heads. per 16 feet of row. 3/ Average of 2 years' data from 3 locations unless indicated other.vise •. 4/ One year's data. ~/Averages of 2 years• data from 4 locations unless indicated other.vise. §! Averages of 2 years' data from 5 locations unless indicated othe~.vise. 24 Table 8. Disease ratings for oat varieties in 1978-79 tests in Alabama Barley Yr)low dwarf.:. Leaf blotchY Leaf rustY Loose smutl! Variety · NORTHERN ALABAM~ Coker 76-1421 Coker 76-16 51 Coker 77-2~ Coker 227 Coker 716 FirecrackerS/ CENTRAL ALABAMA§/ Carol ee Coker 76-14if Coker 77-23 Coker 227 Coker 716 Elan Firecracker 51 Salem SOUTHERN ALABAWJl Coker 76-14/ Coker 77-23E.f Coker 227 Elan 5 Firecracker-!' Fla. 501 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 0 1.0 6.6 2.3 1.7 8.3 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 0 0 2.8 1.8 2.8 8.3 2.5 2.2 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.3 1.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 12.0 9.4 7.8 3.8 0.8 5.0 2.6 2.4 1.7 1.8 2.8 1.9 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percentage of plants showing symptoms. 0-9 scale; 0 = no disease, 9 = severe infection. Number smutted heads per 16 feet of row. Averages of 2 years' data from 3 locations unless indicated otherwise. ~ One year's data. 6/ Averages of 2 years' data from 4 locations unless indicated othe~Nise. Zf Averages of 2 years' data from 5 locations unless indicated otherwise. 25 Table 9. Disease ra ti ngsY for barley varieties in 1978-79 tests in Alabama Powdery mildew 0 0 0 0 9 Variety Barsoy Keowee Surry Vol bar Spot blotch 2.3 1.1 2.7 2.1 Net blotch 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 infection. Leaf rust 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 Scald 0.8 0 0.4 0.5 11 0-9 scale; 0 = no disease, from seven locations. = severe Averages of 2 years• data 26 VARIEiiES RECOMMENDED FOR FORAGE ..:l.ND GRAIN Recommendations are based on regional yield of forage and grain. The ratio of (forage:total feed) in percent, is given with each variety and should be considered in varietal selection. Varieties are listed alphabetically. For disease ratings see tables 7, 8, and 9. NORTHERN ALABAMA Wheat Arthur Coker 68-15 Coker 747 Ga. 1123 McNair 100Jb' Wakeland Ratio ~%~ Oats (20) (28) ( 18) (31) (34) Ratio ~ % ~ (13)4/ ( 13)_ Barle~ Ratio (%} (21) (19) ( 17) Coker 227 Coker 716 6Y Coker 76-1 Barsoy SurryVo 1barll Keowe~/ CENTRAL ALABAMA Wheat Coker 68-15 Coker 76-22 McNair 1003 ~~cNa i r 1813 Wakeland Ratio. (54) (53) (50) (51) (59) ~%) Oats Coker 227 Coker 716 Coker 76-16 Ratio ~%l (36) (35)4/ (42) Barle~ Ratio (46) ~%} Surry_} Barso~ SOUTHERN ALABAMA W heat Coker 68-15 Coker 747 Coker 76-22 Delta Queerdl Holley McNair 1003 McNair 1813 Wakeland Ratio (42) (29) ( 47) (51) (51) (46) (49) (55) ~%} Oats Coker 227 Coker 76-16 Elanl/ Fla. 501lf Ratio (38) (40) (36) (42) ~ %) ll If present trends continue, this variety will be removed from the 11 Previously tested as Coker 75-24. 4/ Previously tested as Coker 70-16. 2/ Trial basis. recommended list for forage and grain next year in the region indicated. 27 VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR GRAIN ONLY Recorrmendations are based on regional yield'5. Varieties are listed alphabetically. For disease ratings see tables 7~ 8~ and 9. For lodging values see table 3. NORTHERN ALABAMA Wheat Arthur Coker 747 Coker 76-22?:1 Coker 68-15 Delta QueenY Ga. 1123 McNair 10032/ Wakelandl/ Oats Coker 227 Coker 716 4/ Barley Bar soy Vol bar CENTRAL ALABAMA Wheat Abelf Arthur .~uthur nll Coker 76-22 Coker 68-1511 Coker 747 McNair 1003 McN~il/1813 Oats Coker 227 41 Coker 716Coker 76-16 Salem Barley Barsoy \oJa ke 1andll Oas1 s..::.: SOUTHERN ALABAMA Wheat Coker 76-22 Coker 747 Coker 68-1~ De 1ta Queen~ McNair 1003 Wakelandll Oats Coker 227 Coker 76-16 Elan 1/ If present trends continue, this variety 'tJill be removed from the recommended list for grain only next year in the region indicated. Y Tria 1 basis. 3/ Previously tested as Coker 75-24. 4/ Previously tested as Coker 70-16. 28 RYE VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR FORAGE ONLY Rye recommendations are based on 2 -year averages of full season forage yield for each region. Yields are tabulated in table S. Varieties are listed alphabetically • . NORTHERN ALABAMA ~ A then •s Abruzzi Bonel Gurley•s Grazer 2000 Maton McNair Vita Graze NF 7411 Wintergrazer 70 Wren•s Abruzzi CENTRAL ALABAMA Rye Athen~~ Abruzzi Bonelli Gurley•s Grazer 200o1/ Maton McNair Vita Graze · .; ' Weser Wintergrazer 70 Wren •s Abruzzi SOUTHERN ALABAMA ... Athenls Abruzzi Bonel_/ Gurley•s Grazer 2000 Maton McNair Vita Graze NF 721! . NF 74]J Weser Wintergrazer 70 Wren's Abruzzi l/Tri a1 basis. 29 SOURCES OF SEED RYE Athens Abruzzi, Weser-----------Georgia Seed Development Commission, Athens, Georgia Bonel, Maton, NF 72, NF 74------Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma McNair (All Varieties)----------McNair Seed Company, Laurinburg, North Caro 1ina Supergrazer---------------------North American Plant Breeders, Brookston, Indiana Wintergrazer 70-----------------Pennington Grain & Seed, Inc., Madison, Georgia Wren's Abruzzi-----------------.. Alabama Crop Improvement Association, Inc., Auburn, Alabama WHEAT Abe, Arthur, Arthur 71, Oasis---Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana Coker (All Varieties)-----------Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company, -· Hartsville, South Carolina Delta Queen, Southern Belle-----North American Plant Breeders, Brookston, Indiana Ga. 1123, Ho 11 ey----------------Georgi a Seed Oeve 1opment Commission, Athens, Georgia McNair (All Varieties)----------McNair Seed Company, Laurinburg, North Carolina Northrup, King 78W812-----------NORTHRUP, KING Co., Minneapolis,. Minnesota Wakeland-----------------------~Alabama Crop Improvement Association, Inc., Auburn, Alabama OATS Carolee, Salem, Firecracker-----North Carolina Foundation Seed Producers Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina Coker (All Varieties)-----------Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company, Hartsville, South Carolina Elan----------------------------Georgia Seed Development Commission, Athens, Georgia Fla. 501------------------------North Florida Experiment Station, Quincy, Florida BARLEY Barsoy--------------------------Oepartment of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Keowee--------------------------Department of Agronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina Surry---------------------------Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia Volbar--------------------------Oepartment of Agronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 30 Information contained herein is available to all regardless of race, color, sex, or natior..al origin