Performance of Ryegrass Varieties in Alabama, 2009-10 Agronomy and Soils Departmental Series No. 308 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Dr. Richard Guthrie, Acting Director Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, July 2010 Printed in cooperation with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) 2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to the following supervisory personnel of the outlying units whose support is gratefully acknowledged: Northern Alabama Central Alabama Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center, Crossville.............J. Treadaway Ducar, ActingSupt. Black Belt Research and Extension Center, Marion Junction ..............................J.L. Holliman, Supt. E.V. Smith Research Center, Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee ...........................S.P. Nightengale, Supt. Southern Alabama Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Fairhope.........................................N.R. McDaniel, Supt. M.D. Pegues, Assoc. Supt. Wiregrass Research and Extension Center, Headland................................................ L.W. Wells, Supt. B.E. Gamble, Asst. Supt. PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 3 Contents TABLE 1. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF ANNUAL RYEGRASS AT THE SAND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, 2010. ...5 TABLE 2. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF ANNUAL RYEGRASS AT THE E.V. SMITH RESEARCH CENTER, PLANT BREEDING UNIT, TALLASSEE, 2010. ...........................6 TABLE 3. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF ANNUAL RYEGRASS AT THE BLACK BELT RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, MARION JUNCTION, ALABAMA, 2010. ..............7 TABLE 4. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF ANNUAL RYEGRASS AT THE WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, HEADLAND, ALABAMA, 2010. ......................................8 TABLE 5. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF ANNUAL RYEGRASS AT THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, 2010. .........................................9 TABLE 6. TOTAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES, 2010, AND TWO- AND THREE-YEAR AVERAGES FOR SAND MOUNTAIN REC AND PLANT BREEDING UNIT. ...........10 TABLE 7. TOTAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES, 2010, AND TWO- AND THREE-YEAR AVERAGES FOR WIREGRASS REC AND GULF COAST REC..................................11 TABLE 8. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RYEGRASS PRODUCTION AT SAND MOUNTAIN REC BASED ON THREE-YEAR AVERAGES, 2008-2010. ......................................................................12 TABLE 9. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RYEGRASS PRODUCTION AT PLANT BREEDING UNIT BASED ON THREE-YEAR AVERAGES, 2008-2010. .....................................................................13 TABLE 10. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RYEGRASS PRODUCTION AT WIREGRASS REC BASED ON THREE-YEAR AVERAGES, 2008-2010. ......................................................................14 TABLE 11. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RYEGRASS PRODUCTION AT GULF COAST REC BASED ON THREE-YEAR AVERAGES, 2008-2010. ........................................................15 SEED SOURCES. .........................................................................................................................................16 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PeRFoRMAnCe oF RYeGRAss VARIetIes In ALABAMA, 2009-10 K.M. Glass and E. van Santen Agric. Program Associate and Professor, Dept. of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, AL 36849 IntroductIon The Alabama Ryegrass Variety Evaluation is a continuing evaluation of available varieties and breeding lines from private companies and state agricultural experiment stations. Experiments are planted annually in northern, central, and southern locations to evaluate the varieties and lines under the different environmental conditions of Alabama. Entries in each experiment are determined by the companies or institutes that control each variety or line, not by Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station personnel. The experiments are conducted by experiment station personnel and the results are presented in a fair and unbiased manner. Ryegrass entries were seeded at a 20-pound-per-acre rate in rows 7 inches apart, using plots 5 x 20 feet with four replications. Acceptable stands were obtained at the following locations: Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center, Crossville; E.V. Smith Research Center, Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee; Wiregrass Research and Extension Center, Headland and Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Fairhope. The experiments were fertilized with phosphorus and potassium according to Auburn University soil test recommendations. At planting, nitrogen was applied at the rate of 50 pounds per acre, and an additional 50 pounds of N per acre was applied after each cutting. A 32- or 49-inch swath of each plot was harvested to a cutting height of 1 to 2 inches with a flail harvester each time the ryegrass reached 6-10 inches tall. A herbage sample of approximately 1 pound was taken from each plot at each harvest for determining forage dry matter percentage. In 2009, the tests were planted on September 30, October 1, October 21, and October 21 at Crossville, Tallassee, Headland, and Fairhope, respectively. In 2008, the tests were planted October 16, October 14, October 30, and October 13 at Crossville, Tallassee, Headland, and Fairhope, respectively. A small trial was planted on October 22 at Marion Junction but no stand was obtained. In 2007, the tests were planted October 30, October 30, October 9, October 11, and November 2 at Crossville, Tallassee, Headland, Fairhope, and Marion Junction, respectively. Strategies to meet seasonal forage needs are an important consideration for livestock producers. Tables 1-5 provide yield data by harvest for 2009-10 at a given location, while Tables 6 and 7 show 1, 2, and 3-year total yields by location. Seasonal and total dry matter yields by locations are provided in Tables 8 - 11. The three seasonal periods are: fall -- forage produced through February; early spring -- March and early April production; and late spring -- production after April 20. A 3-year average provides a more dependable comparison of ryegrass varieties than do single-year results. Procedure dIscussIon PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 5 tABLe 1. seAsonAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF AnnuAL rYeGrAss At tHe sAnd MountAIn reseArcH And eXtensIon center, crossVILLe, ALABAMA, 2010. Cultivar Yield by harvest date Season 3/26† 4/15 5/12 6/7 ‡ ‡ total ------------------------------------------ lbs per acre --------------------------------------436 3120 983 287 4826 196 3083 1230 313 4822 160 2649 1343 450 4603 159 2787 1258 364 4568 261 2810 1135 317 4523 217 2839 1084 314 4454 322 2884 916 247 4370 181 2586 1150 431 4349 266 2551 1069 423 4310 189 2810 856 449 4304 256 2831 764 432 4283 215 2508 1074 450 4248 236 2234 1224 542 4236 228 2316 1281 365 4190 291 2352 1183 362 4188 216 2688 857 399 4160 185 2570 1069 315 4139 204 2493 971 376 4044 271 2459 1042 266 4038 265 2431 1026 278 4001 330 2387 973 174 3864 137 2254 1002 382 3775 109 2793 679 368 3949 198 2232 860 245 3536 230 2611 1043 356 4241 56 11 28 31 11 118 258 267 101 424 SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME Passerel Plus Flying A Wax ME-94 Jackson Tam 90 FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME Diamond T Wax ME-4 Gulf (Local) Rio Marshall Maximus FL X2009 Red 4X late Bulldog Grazer Winterhawk FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT TXR2006-T22 DH-3 TAMTBO M/FL X2009 (4X) ER Prine PPER2 Jumbo Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) Planted: 9/30/2009 Soil: Hartsells Fine Sandy Loam † The first cut was made prematurely in order to remove forage after a frost killed top growth ‡ only four cuts taken at this location 6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION tABLe 2. seAsonAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF AnnuAL rYeGrAss At tHe e.V. sMItH reseArcH center, PLAnt BreedInG unIt, tALLAssee, 2010. 1 Cultivar Yield by harvest date Season 1/28 3/30 4/23 5/20 † † total -------------------------------------- lbs per acre ------------------------------------------840 2009 1779 2559 7186 494 2284 1639 2412 6829 796 2081 1819 1756 6453 760 2009 1727 1821 6318 774 1792 1493 2204 6263 803 1898 1541 1997 6239 633 1729 1592 2190 6144 378 1711 1674 2358 6121 841 2021 1676 1510 6048 646 1576 1887 1873 5982 757 1774 1813 1577 5921 703 1834 1635 1711 5883 628 1801 1358 2094 5882 611 1708 1279 2204 5802 891 2263 1163 1479 5796 653 2035 1412 1669 5770 815 1799 1338 1769 5722 905 2348 1042 1406 5701 691 2653 1083 1266 5694 786 2154 1196 1454 5590 893 1913 1307 1407 5520 662 1778 1233 1836 5510 811 1821 1129 1732 5494 1095 2052 1208 1121 5476 768 1804 1451 1346 5369 365 1165 1621 1501 4652 731 1924 1465 1779 5899 25 10 13 17 8 167 174 176 280 407 TXR2006-T22 Winterhawk Marshall Wax ME-94 TAMTBO Prine Jackson FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT Flying A Wax ME-4 DH-3 Maximus FL X2009 Red 4X late Jumbo M/FL X2009 (4X) ER Tam 90 Rio SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME Bulldog Grazer Gulf (Local) B-7,1366 Diamond T KB Royal Passerel Plus PPER2 Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) Planted: 10/1/2009 Soil: Cahaba Fine Sandy Loam † only four cuts taken at this location PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 tABLe 3. seAsonAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF AnnuAL rYeGrAss At tHe BLAcK BeLt reseArcH And eXtensIon center, MArIon JunctIon, ALABAMA, 2010. Trial not seeded due to inclement fall weather. 7 8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION tABLe 4. seAsonAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF AnnuAL rYeGrAss At tHe WIreGrAss reseArcH And eXtensIon center, HeAdLAnd, ALABAMA, 2010. Yield by harvest date Cultivar Season 1/27 3/9 3/30 5/6 † † total -------------------------------------- lbs per acre ------------------------------------------2393 4728 5655 4794 17571 2496 4795 5842 4139 17272 2077 4118 5994 4750 16939 2097 4607 6358 3764 16826 2894 4859 5167 3712 16632 1544 4315 6055 4503 16417 2093 4884 5042 4305 16323 2020 3847 6344 4086 16296 2163 3864 6092 4056 16176 2399 4494 5831 3424 16148 2332 4884 5485 3442 16143 2497 4239 5656 3691 16083 2539 4386 5917 3211 16051 2212 4851 5347 3409 15819 1562 4280 5757 4110 15709 2497 5319 4495 3314 15624 2175 4063 5159 4212 15609 2554 4349 5204 3252 15358 2133 5790 4785 2597 15306 1355 2928 6853 3804 14940 2774 5194 4135 2737 14840 1876 3863 5375 3375 14489 1423 3919 5458 3086 13885 1170 3231 5268 3850 13519 2136 4409 5553 3734 15832 30 14 11 8 9 578 547 562 268 1234 Maximus Prine TAMTBO Winterhawk Flying A TXR2006-T22 Diamond T Wax ME-4 Wax ME-94 DH-3 Bulldog Grazer Marshall Rio Tam 90 Jumbo M/FL X2009 (4X) ER FL X2009 Red 4X late Gulf (Local) FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME PPER2 SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME Jackson Passerel Plus FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) Planted: 10/21/2009 Soil: Dothan Fine Sandy Loam † only four cuts taken at this location PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 tABLe 5. seAsonAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF AnnuAL rYeGrAss At tHe GuLF coAst reseArcH And eXtensIon center, FAIrHoPe, ALABAMA, 2010. Yield by harvest date Cultivar Marshall B-7,1366 Bulldog Grazer Flying A Diamond T Rio Winterhawk DH-3 Wax ME-4 Prine Wax ME-94 Maximus Jackson Passerel Plus Gulf (Local) HS1 Jumbo KB Royal TAMTBO PPER2 Tam 90 TXR2006-T22 FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT Brangus M/FL X2009 (4X) ER FL X2009 Red 4X late SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) Planted: 10/21/2009 Soil: Malbis Fine Sandy Loam Season 9 1/28 3/5 3/18 4/2 4/19 5/20 total -------------------------------------- lbs per acre ------------------------------------------1859 1479 1293 1980 1797 2307 10715 1633 1199 1249 1951 1886 2596 10515 1929 1608 1193 1719 1601 2192 10243 1760 1502 1226 1829 1683 2124 10124 1712 1614 1220 1665 1688 2204 10103 1680 1416 1212 1900 1789 2086 10083 1426 1380 1344 1984 1752 2197 10082 1565 1436 1271 1866 1800 2129 10067 1440 1202 1318 2020 1926 2157 10062 1486 1494 1245 1762 1639 2391 10019 1411 1139 1285 1960 1978 2217 9991 1612 1506 1264 1541 1684 2377 9984 1230 1275 1323 1972 1897 2274 9971 1518 1462 1245 1873 1769 2049 9917 1510 1467 1264 1888 1751 2027 9908 1997 1716 1074 1713 1476 1888 9864 1385 1289 1251 1744 1755 2418 9841 1711 1556 1239 1787 1671 1812 9777 1364 1419 1221 1569 1658 2501 9732 1178 778 1090 2071 2078 2491 9687 1282 1433 1321 1831 1674 2133 9675 1505 1344 1209 1732 1615 2249 9653 849 998 1229 2007 1965 2520 9568 1556 1473 1188 1675 1629 2031 9553 1649 1805 1099 1545 1484 1839 9422 1233 1485 1206 1571 1514 2218 9228 1787 1691 999 1615 1325 1762 9180 1479 1598 927 1585 1420 1714 8722 1527 1420 1215 1798 1711 2175 9846 17 10 6 7 8 10 6 241 132 70 108 124 194 505 10 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION tABLe 6. totAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF rYeGrAss VArIetIes, 2010, And tWo- And tHree-YeAr AVerAGes For sAnd MountAIn rec And PLAnt BreedInG unIt. Sand Mountain Research and Ext. Ctr. 2-yr. Avg Brand-Variety Marshall Jackson Wax ME-94 Flying A Wax ME-4 Tam 90 DH-3 Gulf (Local) Passerel Plus TAMTBO Rio Diamond T Prine Maximus Jumbo Bulldog Grazer FL X2009 Red 4X late TXR2006-T22 M/FL X2009 (4X) ER SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME Winterhawk FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT PPER2 2010 4248 4523 4568 4603 4310 4454 4038 4304 4822 4001 4283 4349 3775 4236 3536 4188 4190 4044 3864 4826 4370 4160 4139 3949 2009-10 5342 5256 5111 5100 4957 5059 4854 5030 4689 4936 4725 4955 4667 4931 4192 4967 4878 4648 4457 3-yr. Avg 2008-10 5715 5613 5548 5539 5464 5410 5317 5308 5266 5258 5220 5214 5200 5182 4790 Brand-Variety Wax ME-4 Flying A Marshall Jumbo DH-3 Maximus Wax ME-94 Jackson Diamond T Rio Prine TAMTBO Passerel Plus Gulf (Local) Tam 90 TXR2006-T22 FL X2009 Red 4X late Bulldog Grazer M/FL X2009 (4X) ER Winterhawk FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME B-7,1366 KB Royal PPER2 2010 5982 6048 6453 5802 5921 5883 6318 6144 5494 5722 6239 6263 5369 5520 5770 7186 5882 5590 5796 6829 6121 5701 5694 5510 5476 4652 Plant Breeding Unit 2-yr. Avg 2009-10 6559 6327 6485 6148 6276 5936 6363 6068 5928 5950 5954 5601 5501 5365 5426 6695 6018 5851 5717 3-yr. Avg 2008-10 6479 6140 6101 6053 5996 5935 5918 5887 5852 5801 5722 5632 5608 5367 5341 ---------- lbs per acre -------- ---------- lbs per acre -------- PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 tABLe 7. totAL drY MAtter YIeLd oF rYeGrAss VArIetIes, 2010, And tWo- And tHree-YeAr AVerAGes For WIreGrAss rec And GuLF coAst rec. Wiregrass Research and Ext. Ctr. 2-yr. Avg Brand-Variety Diamond T TAMTBO Prine Wax ME-4 Maximus Jumbo DH-3 Flying A M/FL X2009 (4X) ER Rio Wax ME-94 Marshall Gulf (Local) Tam 90 Jackson Passerel Plus TXR2006-T22 FL X2009 Red 4X late Bulldog Grazer Winterhawk FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME PPER2 SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT 2010 16323 16939 17272 16296 17571 15709 16148 16632 15624 16051 16176 16083 15358 15819 14489 13885 16417 15609 16143 16826 15306 14940 14840 13519 2009-10 12427 12515 12606 11885 12724 12179 12034 12327 11764 11388 11728 11460 11141 11111 11034 10495 12415 12007 11933 3-yr. Avg 2008-10 13736 13677 13635 13445 13400 13262 13174 13158 13056 13032 13028 13026 12700 12455 12378 12309 Brand-Variety Marshall Flying A Diamond T Wax ME-4 Jackson Rio Wax ME-94 TAMTBO DH-3 Prine Maximus Passerel Plus Gulf (Local) Tam 90 Jumbo Bulldog Grazer TXR2006-T22 FL X2009 Red 4X late M/FL X2009 (4X) ER B-7,1366 Winterhawk HS1 KB Royal PPER2 FLX 2009(PE-2X) LRCT Brangus SHXFL 2009 (2X) ME FLXSH 2009 (2X) ME 2010 10715 10124 10103 10062 9971 10083 9991 9732 10067 10019 9984 9917 9908 9675 9841 10243 9653 9228 9422 10515 10082 9864 9777 9687 9568 9553 9180 8722 Gulf Coast Research and Ext. Ctr. 2-yr. Avg 2009-10 9924 9834 9582 9488 9496 9353 9604 9221 9359 9381 9158 9110 9121 8974 9056 9405 9083 8907 8631 11 3-yr. Avg 2008-10 9554 9514 9448 9377 9324 9303 9268 9179 9137 9101 9023 8989 8947 8904 8800 ---------- lbs per acre -------- ---------- lbs per acre -------- 12 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION tABLe 8. seAsonAL dIstrIButIon oF rYeGrAss ProductIon At sAnd MountAIn rec BAsed on tHree-YeAr AVerAGes, 2008-2010. Brand-Variety Sand Mountain Research and Ext. Ctr. Marshall Jackson Wax ME-94 Flying A Wax ME-4 Tam 90 DH-3 Gulf (Local) Passerel Plus TAMTBO Rio Diamond T Prine Maximus Jumbo 47 49 48 47 48 47 49 48 49 46 51 46 44 44 45 53 51 52 53 52 53 51 52 51 54 49 54 56 56 55 5715 5613 5548 5539 5464 5410 5317 5308 5266 5258 5220 5214 5200 5182 4790 continued Fall Early spring Late spring 3-yr avg ----------------- % of total seasonal yield ------------------- PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 13 tABLe 9. seAsonAL dIstrIButIon oF rYeGrAss ProductIon At PLAnt BreedInG unIt BAsed on tHree-YeAr AVerAGes, 2008-2010. Brand-Variety Plant Breeding Unit Wax ME-4 Flying A Marshall Jumbo DH-3 Maximus Wax ME-94 Jackson Diamond T Rio Prine TAMTBO Passerel Plus Gulf (Local) Tam 90 29 30 25 28 33 26 26 29 32 30 24 28 31 26 27 42 45 47 43 41 46 45 43 42 44 44 40 43 47 47 29 24 28 29 26 28 29 28 26 26 32 32 26 27 27 6479 6140 6101 6053 5996 5935 5918 5887 5852 5801 5722 5632 5608 5367 5341 continued Fall Early spring Late spring 3-yr avg ----------------- % of total seasonal yield ------------------- 14 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION tABLe 10. seAsonAL dIstrIButIon oF rYeGrAss ProductIon At WIreGrAss rec BAsed on tHree-YeAr AVerAGes, 2008-2010. Brand-Variety Wiregrass Research and Ext. Ctr. Diamond T TAMTBO Prine Wax ME-4 Maximus Jumbo DH-3 Flying A Rio Wax ME-94 Marshall Gulf (Local) Tam 90 Jackson Passerel Plus 28 25 25 24 25 23 26 29 25 24 23 25 23 24 25 53 55 54 58 55 56 58 54 60 58 60 59 61 59 61 19 20 20 19 21 21 15 17 15 18 17 16 16 17 15 13736 13677 13635 13445 13400 13262 13174 13158 13032 13028 13026 12700 12455 12378 12309 continued Fall Early spring Late spring 3-yr avg ----------------- % of total seasonal yield ------------------- PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2009-10 15 tABLe 11. seAsonAL dIstrIButIon oF rYeGrAss ProductIon At GuLF coAst rec BAsed on tHree-YeAr AVerAGes, 2008-2010. Brand-Variety Gulf Coast Research and Ext. Ctr. Marshall Flying A Diamond T Wax ME-4 Jackson Rio Wax ME-94 TAMTBO DH-3 Prine Maximus Passerel Plus Gulf (Local) Tam 90 Jumbo 29 31 32 30 29 30 28 31 30 29 30 28 30 28 29 51 52 49 52 54 53 54 50 54 51 51 55 54 54 52 20 17 19 18 17 17 18 19 17 20 19 17 16 18 19 9554 9514 9448 9377 9324 9303 9268 9179 9137 9101 9023 8989 8947 8904 8800 Fall Early spring Late spring 3-yr avg ----------------- % of total seasonal yield ------------------- 16 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION soURCes oF RYeGRAss seeD Cultivar Bulldog Grazer Jumbo Maximus Brangus HS1 B-7,1366 KB Royal Prine DH-3 Diamond T Flying A TAMTBO Winterhawk Gulf (Local Source) Passerel Plus PPERC2 Rio TAM 90 TXR 2006-T22 Jackson Marshall WAX ME-94 WAX ME-4 M/FL X2009(4x)ER FLX2009 Red 4x late FL X2009 (PE-2x) LRCT FLXSH 2009 (2x) ME SHXFL 2009 (2x) ME Company Athens Seed Co., Watkinsville, Georgia Barenbrug USA, Tangent, Oregon Humble Solutions LLC, Harrisburg, Oregon KB Seed Solutions, Harrisburg, Oregon Ragan & Massey. Inc., Ponchatoula, Louisiana OreGro Seeds, Inc., Shedd, Oregon Piedmont Fertilizer Co., Opelika, Alabama Pennington Seed, Inc., Lebanon, Oregon ProSeeds Marketing, Inc., Jefferson, Oregon Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas The Wax Company, LLC, Amory, Mississippi University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida