PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2000-01 1 Performance of Ryegrass Varieties in Alabama, 2000-01 Agrononmy and Soils Departmental Series No. 235 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Luther Waters, Director Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama July 2001 Printed in cooperation with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University). 2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Performance of Ryegrass Varieties in Alabama, 2000-01 K. M. Glass The Alabama Ryegrass Variety Evaluation is a continuing study of available varieties and breeding lines from private companies and state agricultural experiment stations. Experiments are planted annually in northern, central, and southern locations to evaluate the varieties and lines under the different environmental conditions of Alabama. Entries in each experiment are determined by the companies or institutes that control each variety, or line, not by experiment station personnel. The experiments are conducted by experiment station personnel and the results are presented in a fair and unbiased manner. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES AND DISCUSSION Ryegrass entries were seeded at a 20-pound-per-acre rate in rows 7 inches apart, using plots 5 x 20 feet with four replications. Acceptable stands were obtained at the following locations: Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center, Crossville; E.V. Smith Research Center (Plant Breeding Unit), Tallassee; Wiregrass Research and Extension Center, Headland; and Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Fairhope. The experiments were fertilized with phosphorus and potassium according to Auburn University soil test recommendations. At planting, nitrogen was applied at the rate of 50 pounds per acre, and an additional 50 pounds of N per acre was applied after each cutting. A 32- or 49-inch swath of each plot was harvested to a cutting height of 1½ to 2 inches with a flail harvester each time the ryegrass reached a height of 6 to 10 inches. A herbage sample of approximately 1 pound was taken from each plot at each harvest for determining forage dry matter percentage. In 2000, the tests were planted October 3, September 29, October 9, and October 11 at Crossville, Tallassee, Headland, and Fairhope, respectively. Crossville had poor soil moisture at planting, which delayed stand emergence and prevented early production. This resulted in lower than normal yields at Crossville. In 1999, the tests were planted October 15, October 19, October 21, and October 19 at Crossville, Tallassee, Headland, and Fairhope, respectively. It was a mild winter and spring at all locations, but growing conditions were fairly normal. The last cutting at Headland was delayed due to mechanical difficulties; therefore, yields were higher than normal. Strategies to meet seasonal forage needs are an important consideration for livestock producers. Tables 1-4 provide yield data by harvest for 2000-01 at a given location, while table 5 shows one-, two-, and three-year total yields by location. Seasonal and total forage dry matter yields by locations are provided in table 6. The three seasonal periods are fall—forage production through February; early spring—March and early April production; and late spring—production after April 20. A three-year average provides a more dependable comparison of ryegrass varieties than do single-year results. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to Mien-Huei Tzeng, Research Data Analysis, for the data processing of this report. Also acknowledged are the contributions of R.A. Dawkins, Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center; L.N. Wells and B.E. Gamble, Wiregrass Research and Extension Center; N.R. McDaniel and M.D. Pegues, Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center; and J.S. Bannon and S.P. Nightengale, E.V. Smith Research Center, for growing and harvesting the experiments. Glass is an Agricultural Program Associate in the Auburn University Department of Agronomy and Soils. Information contained herein is available to all persons regardless of race, color, sex, or national origin. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work in agriculture and home economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, and other related acts, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) offers educational programs, materials, and equal opportunity employment to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, or disability. PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2000-01 3 AT TABLE 1. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES GULF C OAST RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, 2001 ————————Acre yield by harvest date———————— 1/26 2/15 3/08 5/09 lb. lb. 1,336 1,509 1,487 1,384 1,687 1,630 1,423 1,596 1,499 1,538 1,460 1,626 1,359 1,303 1,556 1,523 1,541 1,189 1,387 1,455 1,349 1,308 1,576 1,125 1,212 1,544 1,363 1,256 1,436 17 286 lb. 1,897 1,303 1,471 1,385 1,720 2,018 1,485 1,240 1,897 1,172 1,672 2,040 1,224 1,765 1,833 1,213 1,422 1,476 1,671 1,457 1,640 1,472 1,308 2,202 1,459 1,493 1,085 1,285 1,547 27 500 lb. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — lb. 1,051 942 1,467 1,408 1,002 989 976 859 1,100 925 1,333 1,332 1,153 1,297 1,114 1,062 1,080 1,387 1,352 1,013 1,011 885 842 1,516 1,193 1,170 876 1,206 1,126 23 303 Season total lb. 7,672 7,485 7,442 7,266 7,204 7,040 6,978 6,964 6,880 6,852 6,839 6,820 6,804 6,680 6,657 6,606 6,576 6,547 6,532 6,467 6,455 6,437 6,407 6,374 6,364 6,340 6,279 6,233 6,757 12 916 Brand-Variety Marshall Jackson RIO Passerel Plus Graz-N-Gro Stampede FL X1999(GA)LR Ribeye CAS-LFM226 Florlina WMN97 TXR 2001-10 Big Daddy WVPB-AR-98-L FL X1998(SII) LR TAM 90 FL X1995(GXS)MR FL X2000(New1) 4X LR Jumbo Gulf (Oregon State) CAS-MM6X-2 FL X2000(G) 4X ER Gulf (Source A) Beard TXR 2000-2 WAX ME94 Gulf (Source B) Prine Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D. (.10) 3,388 3,731 3,017 3,089 2,795 2,403 3,094 3,269 2,384 3,217 2,374 1,822 3,068 2,315 2,154 2,808 2,533 2,495 2,122 2,542 2,455 2,772 2,681 1,531 2,500 2,133 2,955 2,486 2,648 21 641 Planted: October 11, 2000. Soil: Malbis Fine Sandy Loam. 1 Fourth cutting was lost due to computer error. 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 2. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES AT PLANT B REEDING UNIT, T ALLASSEE, ALABAMA , 2001 Brand-Variety —————————Acre yield by harvest date————————— 11/28 2/06 3/07 4/06 4/18 5/11 lb. Graz-N-Gro FL X1995(GXS)MR Jackson FL X1999(GA)LR Beard Big Daddy RIO TAM 90 CAS-LFM226 WMN97 Marshall Gulf (Source A) Florlina FL X2000(G) 4X ER Stampede Gulf (Source B) Gulf (Oregon State) Passerel Plus FL X1998(SII) LR Prine CAS-MM6X-2 FL X2000(New1) 4X LR TXR 2001-10 Ribeye Jumbo WAX ME94 TXR 2000-2 WVPB-AR-98-L Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D. (.10) 2,381 2,331 1,991 1,273 905 1,576 1,749 1,473 966 1,423 1,650 1,356 1,462 998 1,506 1,694 1,313 1,657 556 949 891 1,132 877 1,178 1,137 1,278 1,243 1,149 1,361 34 545 lb. 749 702 563 748 509 596 588 524 380 355 444 701 342 419 510 572 500 421 222 277 257 416 240 375 439 413 267 264 457 42 226 lb. 1,400 1,310 1,124 1,781 1,630 1,292 987 1,250 1,531 942 863 1,228 941 1,512 1,022 1,085 1,166 718 1,327 1,168 1,035 1,131 1,221 1,157 1,088 786 960 843 1,161 40 551 lb. 1,873 1,789 2,113 1,931 1,851 1,567 1,733 1,777 1,887 1,840 1,799 1,627 1,593 1,703 1,555 1,458 1,655 1,471 1,591 1,544 1,810 1,540 1,735 1,676 1,410 1,576 1,527 1,397 1,680 21 410 lb. 747 708 601 604 692 617 597 556 578 666 748 431 664 467 528 442 454 793 570 629 519 651 576 478 592 533 723 807 606 21 147 lb. 2,046 1,917 2,164 2,128 2,246 2,011 1,968 1,679 1,851 1,964 1,684 1,783 1,971 1,832 1,789 1,596 1,603 1,587 2,335 1,926 1,978 1,543 1,752 1,463 1,632 1,669 1,480 1,650 1,830 27 575 Season total lb. 9,196 8,757 8,556 8,465 7,833 7,659 7,622 7,259 7,193 7,190 7,188 7,126 6,973 6,931 6,910 6,847 6,691 6,647 6,601 6,493 6,490 6,413 6,401 6,327 6,298 6,255 6,200 6,110 7,094 21 1,789 Planted: September 29, 2000. Soil: Cahaba Fine Sandy Loam. PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2000-01 5 AT TABLE 3. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES S AND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, 2001 ———Acre yield by harvest date——— 4/09 4/27 5/25 lb. lb. 1,005 1,098 1,000 1,162 1,087 1,147 1,480 1,185 1,051 982 1,230 1,354 892 1,333 832 1,084 1,106 1,189 1,166 893 1,195 1,003 1,011 1,076 1,000 947 1,059 882 1,087 26 333 lb. 871 824 659 856 673 615 664 818 725 395 833 803 607 634 552 488 708 821 833 580 725 742 548 621 578 506 729 384 671 26 207 Season total lb. 4,100 4,010 3,971 3,766 3,752 3,666 3,639 3,561 3,529 3,527 3,516 3,426 3,422 3,317 3,295 3,240 3,181 3,163 3,153 3,132 3,114 3,075 3,031 2,915 2,788 2,662 2,567 2,285 3,315 23 887 Brand-Variety Ribeye Jackson RIO Florlina FL X1995(GXS)MR Big Daddy Marshall WAX ME94 Prine Gulf (Source A) TXR 2001-10 Beard FL X1999(GA)LR CAS-LFM226 FL X2000(G) 4X ER Stampede FL X2000(New1) 4X LR Passerel Plus WMN97 TAM 90 FL X1998(SII) LR Jumbo Graz-N-Gro CAS-MM6X-2 Gulf (Oregon State) Gulf (Source B) WVPB-AR-98-L TXR 2000-2 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D. (.10) 2,224 2,088 2,312 1,748 1,992 1,904 1,495 1,558 1,753 2,150 1,453 1,269 1,923 1,350 1,911 1,668 1,367 1,153 1,154 1,659 1,194 1,330 1,472 1,218 1,210 1,209 779 1,019 1,556 37 682 Planted: October 3, 2000. Soil: Hartsells Fine Sandy Loam. 6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AT TABLE 4. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, HEADLAND, ALABAMA, 2001 —————————Acre yield by harvest date————————— 12/01 2/05 3/07 3/26 4/13 5/08 lb. lb. 806 951 943 722 733 895 984 876 683 887 722 675 708 491 921 651 1,156 566 753 742 855 1,258 759 848 618 482 870 354 782 20 184 lb. 3,143 3,371 3,140 2,900 2,605 3,151 2,646 2,477 2,779 2,729 2,748 2,404 2,929 2,353 2,676 2,418 2,928 2,831 2,525 2,838 2,664 2,567 2,704 2,335 2,833 2,538 2,619 2,053 2,711 13 423 lb. 1,316 831 1,116 1,167 1,503 1,086 1,342 1,516 1,323 1,283 1,384 1,473 1,306 1,809 1,062 1,440 808 1,313 1,228 1,127 1,256 922 1,149 1,087 1,001 1,299 889 1,259 1,225 16 232 lb. 2,031 2,050 1,822 2,064 1,795 1,686 1,726 1,739 1,797 1,636 1,712 1,925 1,615 1,903 1,830 1,888 1,422 1,926 1,636 1,714 1,527 1,457 1,551 1,463 1,609 1,771 1,592 1,815 1,739 16 329 lb. 257 206 230 192 292 193 302 333 280 264 308 275 207 243 250 264 206 209 264 236 276 208 278 235 228 276 241 285 251 26 78 Season total lb. 8,407 8,300 7,935 7,904 7,808 7,787 7,769 7,732 7,680 7,671 7,586 7,566 7,554 7,525 7,469 7,403 7,347 7,343 7,280 7,272 7,242 7,223 7,037 6,982 6,981 6,967 6,856 6,088 7,454 8 690 Brand-Variety WAX ME94 854 FL X2000(G) 4X ER 891 FL X1995(GXS)MR 684 Jackson 859 Passerel Plus 880 FL X1999(GA)LR 776 Big Daddy 769 Prine 791 Jumbo 818 Stampede 872 FL X2000(New1) 4X LR 712 Marshall 814 CAS-LFM226 789 TXR 2000-2 726 Florlina 730 WVPB-AR-98-L 742 Gulf (Source B) 827 FL X1998(SII) LR 498 Graz-N-Gro 874 CAS-MM6X-2 615 TAM 90 664 Gulf (Source A) 811 Gulf (Oregon State) 596 RIO 1,014 TXR 2001-10 692 WMN97 601 Ribeye 645 Beard 322 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D. (.10) 745 25 219 Planted: October 9, 2000. Soil: Dothan Sandy Loam. PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2000-01 7 TABLE 5. T OTAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES, 2001, AND T WO - AND T HREE-YEAR AVERAGES Brand-Variety ———Dry matter/acre——— 2001 2-yr. avg. 3-yr. avg. (2000-01) (1999-01) lb. lb. lb. Brand-Variety ———Dry matter/acre——— 2001 2-yr. avg. 3-yr. avg. (2000-01) (1999-01) lb. lb. lb. GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER Marshall 7,672 8,399 Jackson 7,485 8,274 RIO 7,442 7,781 Passerel Plus 7,266 8,039 Stampede 7,040 7,929 WAX ME94 6,340 7,636 TAM 90 6,606 7,486 Jumbo 6,532 7,776 FL X1998(SII) LR 6,657 7,270 Big Daddy 6,804 7,750 Gulf (Source B) 6,279 7,436 Gulf (Source A) 6,407 7,479 Gulf (Oregon State) 6,467 7,375 Ribeye 6,964 7,509 FL X1999(GA)LR 6,978 7,764 Florlina 6,852 7,550 Graz-N-Gro 7,204 — CAS-LFM226 6,880 — WMN97 6,839 — TXR 2001-10 6,820 — WVPB-AR-98-L 6,680 — FL X1995(GXS)MR 6,576 — FL X2000(New1) 4X LR 6,547 — CAS-MM6X-2 6,455 — FL X2000(G) 4X ER 6,437 — Beard 6,374 — TXR 2000-2 6,364 — Prine 6,233 — PLANT BREEDING UNIT 8,779 8,741 8,655 8,606 8,241 8,181 8,159 8,047 8,029 8,020 7,959 7,874 7,734 7,694 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Big Daddy 7,659 Gulf (Source B) 6,847 RIO 7,622 Jackson 8,556 Jumbo 6,298 Passerel Plus 6,647 Gulf (Source A) 7,126 Stampede 6,910 Marshall 7,188 Gulf (Oregon State) 6,691 TAM 90 7,259 WAX ME94 6,255 Ribeye 6,327 FL X1998(SII) LR 6,601 FL X1999(GA)LR 8,465 Florlina 6,973 Graz-N-Gro 9,196 FL X1995(GXS)MR 8,757 Beard 7,833 CAS-LFM226 7,193 WMN97 7,190 FL X2000(G) 4X ER 6,931 Prine 6,493 CAS-MM6X-2 6,490 FL X2000(New1) 4X LR 6,413 TXR 2001-10 6,401 TXR 2000-2 6,200 WVPB-AR-98-L 6,110 7,053 6,734 7,166 7,120 6,365 6,502 6,843 6,209 6,726 6,533 6,635 6,091 6,159 6,067 7,276 6,431 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6,758 6,729 6,680 6,650 6,315 6,299 6,293 6,135 6,123 6,060 6,052 5,942 5,760 5,760 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — continued 8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 5, CONTINUED. AND TOTAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES, 2001, TWO- AND THREE-YEAR AVERAGES Brand-Variety ———Dry matter/acre——— 2001 2-yr. avg. 3-yr. avg. (2000-01) (1999-01) lb. lb. lb. Brand-Variety ———Dry matter/acre——— 2001 2-yr. avg. 3-yr. avg. (2000-01) (1999-01) lb. lb. lb. SAND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER Stampede 3,240 5,789 Jackson 4,010 5,842 Marshall 3,639 5,826 RIO 3,971 5,896 WAX ME94 3,561 5,907 Passerel Plus 3,163 5,733 Ribeye 4,100 5,775 Gulf (Source A) 3,527 5,480 TAM 90 3,132 5,400 Big Daddy 3,666 5,402 FL X1998(SII) LR 3,114 5,046 Jumbo 3,075 5,166 Gulf (Oregon State) 2,788 5,080 Gulf (Source B) 2,662 4,912 Florlina 3,766 5,690 FL X1999(GA)LR 3,422 5,417 FL X1995(GXS)MR 3,752 — Prine 3,529 — TXR 2001-10 3,516 — Beard 3,426 — CAS-LFM226 3,317 — FL X2000(G) 4X ER 3,295 — FL X2000(New1) 4X LR 3,181 — WMN97 3,153 — Graz-N-Gro 3,031 — CAS-MM6X-2 2,915 — WVPB-AR-98-L 2,567 — TXR 2000-2 2,285 — 5,055 4,939 4,921 4,868 4,850 4,841 4,799 4,718 4,702 4,625 4,474 4,386 4,368 4,122 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER WAX ME94 8,407 7,480 Marshall 7,566 7,237 Big Daddy 7,769 7,236 Jackson 7,904 7,175 RIO 6,982 6,987 Stampede 7,671 7,099 FL X1998(SII) LR 7,343 6,714 Jumbo 7,680 6,919 TAM 90 7,242 7,019 Passerel Plus 7,808 7,131 Gulf (Source B) 7,347 6,949 Gulf (Source A) 7,223 7,129 Gulf (Oregon State) 7,037 6,723 Ribeye 6,856 6,885 FL X1999(GA)LR 7,787 7,100 Florlina 7,469 6,993 FL X2000(G) 4X ER 8,300 — FL X1995(GXS)MR 7,935 — Prine 7,732 — FL X2000(New1) 4X LR 7,586 — WVPB-AR-98-L 7,403 — Graz-N-Gro 7,280 — CAS-MM6X-2 7,272 — TXR 2001-10 6,981 — WMN97 6,967 — Beard 6,088 — 8,868 8,589 8,435 8,339 8,147 8,051 8,033 7,968 7,949 7,900 7,884 7,862 7,681 7,580 — — — — — — — — — — — — PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2000-01 9 TABLE 6. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE S EASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RYEGRASS VARIETY PRODUCTION , 1999-01 Brand-variety ——————Seasonal forage yield/acre—————— Fall Early spring Late spring lb. Marshall Jackson RIO Passerel Plus Stampede WAX ME94 TAM 90 Jumbo FL X1998(SII) LR Big Daddy Gulf (Source B) Gulf (Source A) Gulf (Oregon State) Ribeye Big Daddy Gulf (Source B) RIO Jackson Jumbo Passerel Plus Gulf (Source A) Stampede Marshall Gulf (Oregon State) TAM 90 WAX ME94 Ribeye FL X1998(SII) LR Stampede Jackson Marshall RIO WAX ME94 Passerel Plus Ribeye Gulf (Source A) TAM 90 Big Daddy FL X1998(SII) LR Jumbo Gulf (Oregon State) Gulf (Source B) lb. lb. Total lb. 8,779 8,741 8,655 8,606 8,241 8,181 8,159 8,047 8,029 8,020 7,959 7,874 7,734 7,694 6,758 6,729 6,680 6,650 6,315 6,299 6,293 6,135 6,123 6,060 6,052 5,942 5,760 5,760 5,055 4,939 4,921 4,868 4,850 4,841 4,799 4,718 4,702 4,625 4,474 4,386 4,368 4,122 continued GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER 4,407 3,635 737 4,605 3,320 816 4,379 3,277 999 4,318 3,213 1,076 4,010 3,357 874 3,970 3,384 827 4,266 3,131 761 3,899 3,156 992 3,724 3,396 909 4,252 3,028 740 4,416 2,929 614 4,317 2,941 616 3,919 3,141 673 3,988 3,016 690 2,206 2,578 2,034 2,048 1,867 1,951 2,155 1,859 1,767 1,915 1,768 1,766 1,637 1,291 PLANT BREEDING UNIT 3,301 3,245 3,431 3,370 3,277 3,159 3,272 3,167 3,315 3,258 3,289 2,993 3,242 3,246 1,251 906 1,215 1,232 1,171 1,190 866 1,109 1,040 887 995 1,183 880 1,223 SAND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER — 2,706 2,349 — 2,448 2,491 — 2,296 2,625 — 2,532 2,336 — 2,270 2,580 — 2,246 2,595 — 2,436 2,363 — 2,581 2,137 — 2,441 2,261 — 2,449 2,176 — 2,158 2,316 — 2,084 2,301 — 2,105 2,263 — 2,024 2,098 10 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 6, CONTINUED. OF THREE-YEAR AVERAGE S EASONAL DISTRIBUTION RYEGRASS VARIETY PRODUCTION, 1999-01 Total lb. 8,868 8,589 8,435 8,339 8,147 8,051 8,033 7,968 7,949 7,900 7,884 7,862 7,681 7,580 Brand-variety ——————Seasonal forage yield/acre—————— Fall Early spring Late spring lb. lb. lb. WAX ME94 Marshall Big Daddy Jackson RIO Stampede FL X1998(SII) LR Jumbo TAM 90 Passerel Plus Gulf (Source B) Gulf (Source A) Gulf (Oregon State) Ribeye WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER 2,705 5,652 511 2,587 5,451 551 2,751 5,255 429 2,619 5,315 405 2,622 5,041 484 2,136 5,414 501 2,236 5,354 444 2,050 5,356 563 2,454 5,085 409 2,035 5,253 612 2,773 4,879 233 2,665 4,971 226 2,362 5,009 310 2,038 5,121 421 PERFORMANCE OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, 2000-01 11 Sources of Ryegrass Seed Graz-N-Gro Ribeye CAS-MM6X-2 CAS-LFM226 FL X1995(GxS)MR Prine Gulf (Source B) Beard Florlina Gulf (Oregon State) Passerel Plus Gulf (Source A) RIO Stampede Big Daddy Jumbo TAM 90 TXR 2000-2 TXR 2001-10 Jackson Marshall WAX ME94 WMN 97 FL X1998 (SII) LR FL X1998 (GA) LR FL X2000(New1)4XLR Late FL X2000(G)4X ER WVPB-AR-98-L American Grass Seed Producers, Albany, Oregon Barenbrug USA, Tangent, Oregon Cascade International Seed Co., Aumsville, Oregon East Texas Seed Co., Tyler, Texas Elberta Farmer’s Coop., Elberta, Alabama Locally obtained, Auburn, Alabama North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon Pennington Seed, Inc., Lebanon, Oregon Piedmont Fertilizer, Auburn, Alabama ProSeeds Marketing, Jefferson, Oregon Smith Seed Service, Halsey, Oregon Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas The Wax Company, LLC, Amory, Mississippi University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Willamette Valley Plant Breeders, Inc., Brownsville, Oregon