BULLETIN NO, 131. FEBRUARY, FBUR,1~. 1905,.. ALABAMA . I AricutraI ExperImetStto Alabama Polytechnic Institute, AUBU RN. 'g oz Co-operative Fertilizer Experimfents Withi Cotton IN1901, 1902, 1903, AND 1904. By J.- F. Director DUGG AR, and Agriculturist. Opelika, Ala.: The Post Publishing Company. 1905. .J. T. COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES ON EXPERIMENT STATION. M-. CARMICHAIEL................................Montgomery. D. SAMR.RD ....................................... Opelika. Jasper. \W. C. DAVIS........................................... STATION COUNCIL. C.HAS. C.. THACH.....................................President. ,J. F. DUGGAR........................Director )B. B. Ross............. ........... and Agriculturist. . Chemist and State Chemist. 1C. A. CARP.....................................Veterinarian. JE. M. WILCOX............. .... Plant Physiologist ASSISTANTS. and Pathologist. -1R. S. MACKINTOSH........Horticulturist and State Horticulturist. J. T. ANDERSON ............. Chemist, Soil and Crop Investigation. 'C. T. L. HARE ... ........................ .First Assistant Chemist. Second Assistant Chemist. BRAGG ................................. IJ. H. MIrCIELT,........... ........... N. C. Raw....................... C. .. Third Assistant Chemist. . .Assistant ....... in Animal Industry. M. FLOYD........................ .Superintendent of Farm. I. S. MCADORY.................. Assistant in Veterinary Science. C. F. I(INMAN.............................. Assistant in Horticulture. The Bulletins of this Station will be sent free to any' citizen of the State on application to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama.1 CO-OPERATIVE FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON, IN 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904. AND By J. F. DUGGAR. A brief summary.' the average'results these experi"ents be fomn4 on page.67. For a number of years this station has conducted numer'ous local fertilizer experiments, furnishing material and instructions to farmers agreeing to make the tests. The number of local fertilizer experiments with cotton, In 1901, ,of which reports were received, was as ten; in 1902, thirteen; in 1903, ten, and in 1904, twenty-one. 'This does not iclude a number of experiments that were made, but ,of which the experimenters made no reports may of of follows: or reported accidental loss of results. In all of these years fertilizer experiments were also made on corn and other 'crops, 'the results of which will be published in future years. The chie'f object of these local fertilizer experiments or soil tests 'has been 'to ascertain the best fertilizer or 'comubinalion of femrtilizers for- cotton, growing on each of the principal soils of Alabarna. Sniall lots of careufy weighed and mixed fertilizers were 'supplied 'to each experimienter. Detailed instructions as to 'how conduct 'the 'experiments and blank forms for reailso furnished. rping results, *to 'wer~e 20 The following list gives the name and address of each ex. perimenter who has reported the results of fertilizer experiments made under our direction during the last four years, with page of this bulletin where the results may befound' B NAME DATE. COUNTY. POST OFFICE. rrbour .... Louisville .... J. D. Veal ......... 1904 Bibb..Vick......... W. T. Chism. .1901,'2,'3 PAGE. 58 & 60+ 49+ Blourt...... Tidmore...... Jno. W. Staab .1901 Bullock.....Union Sp'gs.. N. Gachet.........1904 Butler...... Garland......G. L,. McLure ...... 1901 Butler ...... Greenville .... D. H. Rouse . 1901 Butler..... Georgiana... J. 'C. Lee...........1904 36. 74 73 54 60 & 62° 55 & 561 60 & 61 73. Chambers... Chilton. Choctaw ... Fredonia Clanton . . Naheola Coffee....... Conecuh .... W. Smartt..1904 W. A. Chandler .... 1904 W. G. Bev.l .. 1901,'02 Enterprise... C. A. Hatcher..... 1904 Evergreen .... J. W. Stewart..1902 ...... ... .E. ...... 59 & 601 Coosa.......Hanover .... J. M. Logan.......1902,'03 Cullman.... Cullman ... L. A. Fealy........1903 Dale........Midland City.W. H. Simmons.....1904 DeKaib... Collinsville....W. F. Fulton..... 1902,'3 Elmore.. Wetumpka....5th Dist. Agr. School.1901,'2,'3 Elmore ... ,.Tallassee. J... JD. Billingsley ... 1903 Fayette ..... Nwtonville . .. G. W. Gravlee. Franklin.... Russellville... G. R Pass........1904 55 & 57 50,51 & 73. 36 & 3, 631 44,47.& 73; 45 & 47 73, 30. 1904 33 & 36. 64 & 74L Geneva...Geneva... . M. P. Metcalf...1901,'2,'3,'4 W. A. Parish...1904 :..1904 Hale ... Greensboro ... .T. K. Jones.........1902,'4 .Town Creek .. 74. 51 & 52, 73; Lauderdale Florence... Lawrence.. Lee......... Madison .... A. A. Owens Auburn...Ala.. . ... .. .. Expt. Sta.:1902,'4 47. Limestone . . Athens ... Macon .Notasulga Huntsville P. G. Williams .... 1903 J. P. Slaton ........ 1904 C. Davis ........... Dist.Agr. 51 & 53. 461 241 1901 Madison .... Huntsville .... H, D. N. Wales .... .1902,'3,'4 Marion..Hamilton..6th School. 1903 24 & 26. 43, Perry...Long..........L. Long ........... 1902 Pickens..Gordo........ J. W. French .. . 1901 Pickens .... .Gordo........ D. W. Davis........ 1902 Shelby .-.. Montevallo... . J. W. Wyatt....1904 Talladega . Silver Run.... C. L. Jenkins...1902,'3,14 Tallapoosa. Camp Hill. . .. Lyman Ward...1902 Tuscaloosa. Tuscaloosa ... E. J. Daffin........1901 Washi 34 & 36, 394 404 31 & 32~ 28; 50 & 51 .41. noton. Carsn....R. D. Palmer ... 1904. 74, 21 The directions of an acre-in area. 'sent required each plot to be one-eighth Rows were 3 1-2 feet apart, and each ex- perimenter was advised to so thin the cotton as to leave the same nnmber of plants on each plot, preferable at distances of 18 inches between plants. The' directions stated that land employed for this.test 'should be level -and uniform, not mannred in recent years, and not new ground, or'subject to overflow, and that it should be representative of large soil areas in its vicinity. The need of perfect uniformity of treatment for all plots (except as to kinds of fertilizers used) was emphasized. Fertilizers were applied in the usual manner-that is, Edrilled. THE RAINFPALL. The following data are taken from the records of the AlaTbama section of the Weather Bureau and show the average rainfall for the State: INCHES RAINFALL. 1901 January................ 1902 103 1904 4.171. 5.321 .... ........ 3.861 February.......... March ...... .I 4.131 April......... ............. May.......... -June..................... July ........ ............ ............ 6.30 6.521 10.951 8.761 2.341 3.561 5.011 3.801... 3.69... 2.22... 5.081 5.27j August ....... .......... September....... October..... ........... ...... 1 4.191 I I 1 I 2.801 3.401 8.861 1.041 2.341 1.281 2.501 2.721 6.051 3.98 4.881 3.57 1.411 1.821 2.98... 2.94.. 3.481 4.281 November....... ....... 4.22 7.801 5.77 December........ ...... 5.97 49.091 Average........,....I1 Average yearly normal 1............... 1 1.851 3.581 4.801.. 5~s.55.. 1.361.. 0.341.. 2.12 2.93 50.22 ...... 3 .39.24.11.81. 2.981.. .. 51 In the summer of 1902 occurred a drought of unprecedented duration.. This .was general- and in many localities there was little -or no rain from April to August. Hence results of that year should be given less weight than those for the other years. In 1904 there ,was a. deficiency of rain in spring and an injurious drought begin'ning about the middle of August. 22) THE FERTILIZERS USED. The following prices are used, as representing the average cash price in local markets during the. last few years: Per Ton. Acid phosphate (14 per cent. available) $14.00 Cotton seed meal.22.00 mately approxi Kainit......................15.00 Prices naturally vary in different localities. Any one can substitute the cost of fertilizers in his locality for the.price. given above. In each. experiment two pleas were left unfertilized, these being plots 3 and 8. The following table shows: what kinds; and amounts of fertili'ztrs wer~e used on certain plots; the number of pounds of nitrogen, phosphor2c acid, and potash supplied per. acre by each fertilizer mixture ; and the percentage composition and cost per -con of each mixture, the. latter being given in order that these mixtures. may be, readily compared with various brands of prepared, guan~os: Pounds per acre of fertilizers, nit)~ogem; .piosphoricacid, and potash used and composition of each mixture. FERTILIZERS. MIXTURE CONTAINS 0 KIND. , COST OF4 FERTILIZERS U z - o is p- Lbs. 1 200 Cotton seed meal ... 2 4 5 5 6y 240 200 200 240 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 13.58 3.54 6.79 2.88 1:77 In 100 lbs. c. s meal.: Acid phosphate............36.12. In 100 lbs. acid pls. . 15.05. Kainit. .4.60 In 100 lbs. kainil..............1230 Cotton seed meal." 13.58483.54 Acid phosphate. 5.76 S .002.20 14 .00 1.6:< 1 200 Kainit.............S In 100 lbs. above 200 Cotton seed meal.. I 100 lbs. above mnixI Inz 00 lbs. abov~e zix!8.1 200 Kainit. ......... m 3 3.C919....80 13.58 .7 .7 ;2814 17.50 370 3.,3.9i t 9. 1.44 7..03 20Aiphsat..,.j ...... .5 . 445 3 Cotton seed meal . I10lb.aoemx . 8 59200 240 Acid phosphate. 13.584.8E 28.14 200 Kainit .. In 130 lbs. above tix! Z.12 6<54 4.39 20 Ctton seed meal ... 10 240 Aid phosphate ... l12.58 41.88158 10Kinit ..... ... 84 In 100 lbs. above niixr. 2.59 7.75 2.93 16.81 5.38 17.15146 t"Co3.nting all the phosphoric acid in cotton seed meal as- availh able., *Average of many analysis. Those farmers who are more accustomed to, the word am+. monia than to the terrm nitrogen-, can change the figures,'for nitrogen into. their ammonia equivalents by by multiplying.. 13%x, 24 In determining the increase over the unfertilized plots? The yield of the fertilized plots, Nos. 4, 5, 6 and is copared with both unfertilized plots, lying on either side, giv..ing to each unfertilized plot a weight inversely proportional .to its distance from the plot under comparison. This ; method of comparison tends to compensate for variations !n the fertility of the several plots. 7, -rents i PRicIE ASSUMED FoL SEED COTTON. The price assumed is cents per pound for lint and $12.0' per ton for seed. Deduct from this the cost of picking and ginning, 1/2 cent per pound of seed cotton, and we have as the net value per pound of increase of seed cotton; this last figure is used in all calculations of profits in this bulletin. Hu~Intsville experiments with cotton. 8 26% poTS s FERTILIZER. ! cent til as p HUNTSVILLE (Davis\ HUNT TSVILL E (Wale es) HUNTSVILLE (vales) 1903 tE' Hu~ VIL (Wa ccam 1901 o ) a 190 )2 o j 904 ;~ i U a0 ,a44- va) o W $-4 Po 4 g KIND.' { U 4 C C Ll360 r Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.41 Los. Cotton seed meal . 332 -96 416 56 Acid phosphate........ 524 96 384 24 428' 360 20 No fertilizer ... ....... 6........ 78 353 00 12 S200 Cotton seed meal.. 592 154 384 37 1240 Acid phosphate..,y 200 Cotton seed meal . 420 -22 408 67 '>200 Kainit .............. c 240 Acid phosphate . .. 616 169 368 33 200 1 Katnit........ ....... 3 00. No fertilizer......452 328 2 0 0 Cotton seed meal . o. 240 Acid phosphate... 200 Kini.t92 340 416 88 2 0 0 Cotton seed meal ... 24 Acid phosphate .... r 428' 4481 120 1 2 3 Lbs. 200 240 00 01;ainit Lbs. 640 712 424 600 Lbs. Lbs Lbs. 216 416 64 288 472 129 352 192 344 -5 872 712 320 526 3~2 Isi- 656 280 704 552, 192 520 344 648 304 336 696 }1 0 0Kainit.... .... 9 594 25O0 68.E $ 2a I3XPLRIMENT MADE IN 1901 BY CL ARENDON valley. DAVIS, lUNTSVILLU. .Red upland soil and subsoil, characteristic of the Tennessee Ths field'had been incultivation for many years. The crop was wheat, itself preceded by cowpeas. Exshedding of forms, due to continued heavy August, and the occurrence of light but damaging frost September 18th, reduced the yield on'all plots, but more on the plots fertilized heavily and on those receiving cotton seed meal. The early frost and the residual fertilizing effects of the cowpeas probably explain the slight effects of cotton seed meal, to which in combination with acid phosphate, cotton usually responds profitably on this grade of soil. For yield of seed cotton see page 24. That table shows that the increase in seed cotton per acre was as follows: preceding ,cessive rains-in Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton -added: To To To To unfertilized plot ........................ acid phosphate plot.............58 kainit plot.................. ...... acid phosphate and kainit plot ........... seed meal was lbs. lbs. -100 lbs. 171 lbs. 8. lbs. =-9 Average increase with-cotton .. seed meal........ Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfe'rtilized plot . ... 96 lbs. To cotton seed, meal plot.................... 250 lbs. To kainit plot............................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot .......... 362 91 lbs. lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate ........ 199 lbs. 6)G Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. 74 lbs. To unfertilized plot........................78 To cotton seed meal plot ....... . .. 73 lbs. To acid phosphate plot ....................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot..186 lbs. Average increase with kainit.................102 lbs. The chief need of cotton on this soil was for acid phos phate. Although there was no rust, the addition of kaint to the phosphate was profitable. The conditions in this; a fair opportunity to test did not give to cotton seed show the favorable effects that I usually be expected of as the most it on this soil. Yet a complete fertilizer c $6.90 per acreprofitable, plot 10 leading with a net after paying for fertilizers and for picking and ginning theincrease, on the basis of lint at 8 cents and cotton seed at cents per hundred pounds. may mal profit 60, T.. EXPERIMENTS MADE IN 1902, 1903, AND,1904 Y H. D. WALES, HUNTSVInILu. Red clay scsii and 8sbsoi The excessively long dry period from April to August dered all fertilizers ineffective in 1902. For yields .anid increase of crop see table on page 24. The 1903 experv mioat was preceded by two corn crops in succession. Thai. year* the largest yield resulte~l from the use of a mixture acid) phosphate and cotton seed meal. Kainit was of ren- little or03 t) o.' use in combination, but on plot 4 it seemed' useful v lien tOinks that used alone. There was no rust. Mr. Wales early frost cut off one-half of the expected yields 9 and 10, and did less injury on other plots. onl plots, In 1904 the experiment was on similar soil, that had borne a crop of cowpeas three years before and then had been uncultivated for two years. The largest yield wasagain obtained from plot 5, fertilized with 2001 ponds of, 27 cotton seed meal and 240 pounds acid phosphate. Mr. Wales added an eleventh plot fertilized with 200 pounds acid phosphate and 100 pounds cotton seed meal, the yield of which was 684 pounds, or practically as good as plots 9 and 10, containing kainit and a larger amount of cotton seed meal. Cotton seed meal was highly profitable when employed in combination, but less useful alone. Kainit was generally useless. In view of results recorded in this, bulletin and in those obtained in previous experiments on typical red upland Tennessee valley soil, I would suggest as a general fertilizer for cotton on that soil 80 to 120 lbs. cotton seed meal per acre. 160 to 240 lbs acid phosphate per acre. 240 to 360 lbs. total per acre. If the cotton stalks grow very small it might be advisable, to increase the proportion of cotton seed meal to onehalf of the mixture. Increase added: To To To To of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was 1904 64 lbs. 405 lbs. 367 lbs. 179 lbs. 253 lbs. 120 462 186 -2 lbs. lbs, lbs. lbs. unfertilized plot .................... 56 acid phosphate plot ................. 13 kainit plot .......................... 67 acil phosphate and kainit plot...... 55 1902 1903 lbs. 216 lbs. lbs. 32 lbs. 88 lbs. lbs. lbs. 112 lbs. 112 Ibs. Average increase with cotton seed meal.. To To To To 47 Ibs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: 24 lbs. 288 lbs. unfertilized plot ................... 19 lbs. 104 lbs. cotton sed meal plot .............0 lbs. 33 lbs. kainit plot .........................21 lbs. 24 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit pot .... 14 lbs. 104 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate .. 167 lbs, 28 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: uTo To 'To To unfertilized plot.....................0 cotton seed meal plot...............11 acid phosphate plot.............. 9 cotton seed meal and phosphate plot 51 lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 192 64 96 16 lbs. -5 lbs. 298 lbs. 61 lbs.-160 lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. ,Average increase with kainit...........17 lbs. EXPERIMENTS MADE BY C. L. JENKINS TALLADEGA COUNTY. 92 lbs. 19 lbs.. NEAR SILVER RUN, ,fost of the soil on this farm, six miles south Oxford, is light reddish to yellowish loam, apparently of fairly well supplied with lime. The preceding crop was wheat. No cowpeas The early part of the * jon was very dry. All three fertilizer materials were useful, a complete fertilizer giving the largest yield. In 1903. The largest yield was obtained by the use of a ,;complete fertilizer consisting of ~200 lbs. cotton seed meal per acre. ,240 lbs acid phosphate per acre,. 100 lbs kainit per acre. ,had been grown in recent years. In, 1902. sea- In 1904. Again the largest yield was obtained by the, ,completeformula just mentioned. Plot 5 this year, without kainit, yields almost as much as the plots with complete fertilizers. The first need of this soil' seems to be for phos- phate but nitrogen and potash were added with effect. 29 Silver Run experiments with cotton. FERTILIZER. SILVER RUN 1902 0 Q KIND. SILVER RUN 1903 C) 4 SILVER RuN 1904 U) k0 0 a, ok C) pt -4 r-4 .4-7 P-4~ - o C) C) ) 4-44OC . OC z 1 E~ ibs 2 3 5 .240( 20) Lbs " Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.! Lbs.'+ Cotton seed meal... 144 184 104 240 324 4C 80 129 207 200 -80 576 544 48. 16 37' Acid phosphate.... .....00 No fertilizer........... .......... 4 20Kainit....... Cotton seed meal.. 20Acid phosphate .. 6 200 Cotton seed meal .. . . 6 200 Kainit... 7240 Acid phosphate... 200 200 .480 392 280 672 112 187 366 568 880 345 158 1C7 356 233 568 744 249 aI 696 412 Kainit..........304 175 1 I"" 648 544 880 8 No fertilizer .... 3 10 200 Cotton seed meal ... 240 Acid phosphate.. 200 Kainit............. 200 Cotton seed meal ... 240 14cid phosphate 100 344 356 320 I )arll S 492 . J 776 6 432 336 Jno Kainit ...... 455 92( 05761 944 ....... Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot................ To acid phosphate plot................127 ................... To kainit plot ..... To acid phosphate andkainit plot.. 1904 1903 1902 48 ibs: 80 lbs. ... 40 lbs. 254 lbs. 329 lbs: lbs. 62 lbs. 121 ibs:104 lbs. 181 lbs. 20 lbs. 229 lbs~ 95 lbs. 64 lbs. 181 lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: 16 lbs. 297 lbs. 70 lbs. 178 lbs. 140 lbs. To unfertilized plot....................80 To' cotton seed meal plot.............167 To kainit plot........................46 123 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 112 lbs. 446 lbs. 225 lbs. 183 lbs. 242 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate. .106 30 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot ............... 129 lbs. 187 lbs. 37 TIo cotton seed meal plot 193 lbs. 329 lbs. 110 To acid phosphate plot ................. 95 lbs. 300 lbs. 91 To cotton seed meal and acid phos. plot 149 lbs. 66 lbs. -9 ............ lb5. lbs. lbs. lbs. Average increase with kainit ......... 141 lbs. 221 lbs. 57 lbs EXPERIMENTS MADE BY T/.F. FULToN, ONE MILE SOUTH OF COUNTY. COLLLINSVILLE, DEKALB Soil reddish or mullatto, subsoil red. For table showing yields see page 31. Both in 1902 and in 1903 the largest increase resulted from the use of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate together. Plainly kainit was not needed. Neither was cotton seed meal alone, nor phosphate alone, sufficient. This is the fifth fertilizer experiment with cotton that Mr. Fulton has made on the red soils of Big Wills Valley, the first at Larimore and the later tests at Collinsville. Each year the description of the soil is about the same, reddish valley soil, underlaid by red clay, and all apparently calcareous. These tests all agree in showing: (1) That the chief need of cotton on this soil is for phosphate. (2) That the addition of cotton seed meal to the acid phosphate is profitable. (3) That in the presence of phosphate and meal kainit is useless. The results suggest that the best fertilizer for these valley soils is one containing more phosphate than meal. I suggest 200 pounds acid phosphate and 100 pounds cotton seed meal. Earlier results are recorded in bulletins 102, 10T and 113 of this station. The following analysis shows the increase attributed to fertilizers in 1902 and 1903: 31 In none, of the five experiments made was there any injury by rust. The average increase for the two years -rcceiving phosphate and meal, 348 pounds, profit per acre of $5.77 after paying cost of :ginning and picking the increase. by Mr. Fulton was on plot 5, affording a net fertilizer andof Collinsville and iMlontevalloexperiments. COL~LINS- FERTILIZER. _______ VILLE 1902 COLLINSVILLE 1903 MONTE- VALLO 1904 06 6C _ KIND. 4 o q- N LbS Lbs.; 1 00Cttnsedmel 2 3 4 240 00 200 200 24) , 7 Acid phosphtae.....416 120 550 No fertilizer.......296 328 Kainit ............. 336 30 336 Cotton seed meal 62.077839..7 A~cid 440 Lbs. Lb __ 144 37 ___ s _ Lbs phosphtae643772 232 1000 146 8~64 3 1056 144 1 3910212 8156 192 200, ' 200 240 2(0 8 No fertilizer........... 20Ctton seed meal . 240Aci pespta 200 Kainit........ 20Ctten sered meal 1020Ai (0 Zcotton seed meal ... T(ainit , ,, !acid phosphtae.... ainit 46 348 18 528 185 1208 16283432 352 1104 360 1568 1560 300 46.5861.681.4.2 196~ 712 ' 464 456 ph'es 521 ,ltae512. 164 712 360 100 Kahliit . ae. . Increase df seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was :added: 1902 1903 To unferitfilizd plot............................ 144 lbs. 48 lbs. To acid phosphate plot ................. . lo kalaait plot ................................- 187 lbs. 38 lbs. lbs. ~To acid phosphate and kainit plot ................ increase with cotton seed 158 lbs. 182 lbs. 92 lbs. 120 lbs. 'Average meal ......... 123 32 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: unfertilized plot ................. ....... 120 lbs. 232 lbs.. cotton seed meal plot ....................... 163 lbs. 342 lbs. kainit plot .. ............................. 128 lbs. 265 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit plot.............175 lbs.. .......... 137 Ibs. 253 Ibs. To To To To Average increase with acid phosphate Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot ......................... 30 lbs. 3 To cotton seed meal plot ...................-137 To acid phosphate plot ................. ..... 38 lbs. 36 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot . .- 111 lbs. -31 Average increase with kainit ................EXPERIMENT MADE BY J. 14 lbs. lbs.. lbs. lbs. lbs._ 36 lbs. W. WYATT, FIVE MILES EAST OF MifONTEVALLO, SHELBY COUNTY. Dark, reddish, sandy upland with red clay subsoil. This field had been cleared of its second growth of timber for about fifteen years, and for about ten years in succession had been planted in cotton. The original growth is reported to have been oak, hickory, chestnut and dogwood, and the second growth springing up when the land was thrown out of cultivation after the civil war was short leaf pine and sumac. No mention is, made of rust. The complete fertilizer raised the yield to more than a bale per acre, an increase of 464 pounds. The complete fertilizer with 100 pounds of kainit was more profitable thain the one with a larger amount of kainit, the former affording a profit of $7.23 per acre after paying for fertilizer and picking and ginning of the increase. 33 increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot.......................192 lbs. To acid phosphate plot....................-34 lbs. To kainit plot...........................56 lbs. To acid phosphate and kainit plot..........136 lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal. 87 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate To To To To was added unfertilized plot......................146 lbs. cotton seed meal plot................-80lbs. kainit plot..........................184 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit plot........264 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate.......128 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot......................144 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot.............. .... 8 lbs. To acid phosphate plot...................182 lbs. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot..352 lbs. Average increase with kainit ............... 171 Ibsr added: EXPERIMENT MADE BY G. R. PASS, RUSSEL ,COUNTY. FAN LIN This test was made on darkc reddish clay upland with clay subjsoil. The original growth is described as oak and hickory with somne wild cherry and walnut. Unfortunately for showing the full effects of cotton seed meal, the preceding crop. was cowpeas, the entire growth being plowed under in the fall of 1903. The stand was good. For yields and increase see table on page 36. The largest yield and the greatest profit per acre were obtained on plot 5. where only cotton seed meal and acid phosphate were employed. With this fertilizer the increase was 595 pounds per acre and the net profit, after paying for fertilizer and 34 picking and ginning of increase, was $11.59. Cotton seed meal was highly profitable in spite of the fact that the preceding pea crop had supplied a large amount of nitrogen. KIainit'vwas useless, if not indeed injurious. Increase of seed cotton when cotton*seed meal was added: lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. To To To To, unfertilized plot........................448 acid phosphate plot....................323 kainit plot..............................163 acid phosphate and kainit plot..........142 Average increase with cotton seed meal........244 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To To To To unfertilized cotton seed kainit plot cotton seed lbs. plot......................... lbs. meal plot...................147 lbs. ..... :.........................208 meal and kainit plot..........187 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate........203 lbs. InerceasF of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To To unfertilized plot.........................42 .cotton seed meal plot..................--243 To 22 acid phosphate plot To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot -203 ......................- lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. Average decrease with kainit ................ EXPERIMENT MADE BY L. LONG, LONG P. 106 lbs.. 0., PERRY COUNTY., IN 1902. Worn red prairie with some sand. For yields and, increase see table on page 36. This soil had been uncultivated for several years, but borne. two crops of cotton just before the experiment made. With a mixture of cotton, seed meal and phosphate (plot 5) the increase was 360 pounds, affording a net profit had was of $5.48 per acre. Acid, phosphate seems to have been the fertilizer chiefly needed, and the addition of cotton seed iheal to the phosphate was highly profitable. Kainit was lunprofitable. These results suggest that-a suitable fertilizer for this ,soil iuight well contain more phosphate than meal, say two'thirds acid phosphate and one-third cottou seed ieal. Mr. Long added an additional plot fertilized only with four :2-horse loads unweighed stable manure per acre. From this ithe increase over the 'nearest unfertilized plot was 18 ;pounds of seed cotton per acre. -Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed To To 'To 'To meal was added: lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. unfertilized plot ............. 104 acid phosphate plot.........64 kainit plot..... ....................... 144 acid phosphate and kainit plot............112 increase with cotton seed Averaage meal. 106 'increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added To 'unfertilized plot.........................29 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot...................256 To kainit plot ..................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot........... 268 lbs. 300 lbs. lbs. Average. increase with acid phosphate........278 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added : To unfertilized plot ........................... To cotton seed meal plot..................... 4 lbs. 44 lbs. To acid phosphate plot....................... 8 lbs. 'To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot.. 56 lbs. 'Average increase with kainit .................. 28 lbs. Russellville, Long, Tidmore andt Gnlnan, FERTILIZER. experiments:. RusSEV]lLE TspLONG 1902. ) CULLjMAN MORE 's1904 O4 1901 . 1904 . .O+ . O4 z 0 0 KIND. 44¢ )" >" - t3? 4 A Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal .. 2 240 Acid. phosphate ... 3 00 No fertilizer .......... 200 Kainit ................ 4 2"0 Cotton seed meal ... 240 Acid phosphate .. 2f0 Cotton seed meal ... 200 Kainit ............. 240 Acid phosphate .. 200 Kainit.............. 00 No fertilizer........ . 200 Cotton seed meal . .. 9S 240 Acid phosphate.. J 95 200 Kainit .............. 200 Cotton seed meal ... 240 Acid phosphate ..... J 100 Kainit .............. EXPERIMENT MADE 1112 936 768 Lbs Lbs. Lbs.lLbs. Lbs 448 296 104 32 32 272 488 296 52 232 192 292 421 192 4 27 1384 1056 595 544 36' 688 43C 256 Lbs1 L&bs. 536 104L 576 144L 432 4152 82; 896 205: 328. 148 488 8161 341" 784 504 2941 1096; 2501 480 9761 13o8i 392 1424 172 588 304 4001 188 192 416 752 5601 8641 3604 448 4681 296 7,96 604 904 40G) BY JNO. W. ST1;AAR; Two 11MILES NORTHi ~OF TIDMlIOREBLOUNT COUNTY.. Light, gray, sandy soil with red loam subsoil 4' below the Surface. to 6 inches: This upland field had been in cultivation; about fifty' years. The original growth is reported as shortleaf pine, gum, mountain oak, persilmmon, and -hickory. All plots: were thinned to the same number of plants. For yields andc increase see table on page 3G. A complete fertilizer contamningi0 pounds of kainit gave the largest increase, and? a net profit of $11.07 per acre. A mixture of cotton sees? mneal and phosphate also highly profitable. was The coinclusions drawn by Mr. Staab from this experb linent and fronm iwrevions experience are here quoted: "L That.50 100 pounds of fertilizer per acre is not to mature a full crop. 2. That even the heavy applications do not pay unless ithe ground contains considerable humus. 3. That phosphatic fertilizers in connection with cotton seed meal or cowpeas,- or weeds turned under green will pay 'better than nine-tenths of the fertilizers commonly 4. That heavy applications help crops into quickgerFmination rand.more rapid growth, lessening expense for "hoeing. 5. That a reduction of acreage and adequate increase of 'manures are advisable. 6. I do not find kainit of nearly the value it is advertised; :in times of drought it shows for itself by the wilting of ?foliage. This is ameliorated by a mixture.of cotton seed imeal and acid phosphate." .sufficient to used. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot. . ... ...... .... ... ... ..... 32 lbs. lbs. lbs. To acid phosphate plot ...... ,.............204 lbs. 252 lbs. To kainit plot ........................... To acid phosphate and kainit plot Average increase with cotton seed ...........372 meal....... 215 ]Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: lbs. To unfertilized plot.......................232 404 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot.................. :..184. lbs. To kainit plot ......................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot.........304 lbs., Average increase with acid phosphate.......282 lbs. 38 Increase of seed cotton per acre when, laluit was added:. To unfertilized plot...........................4 lbs.. To cotton seed meal plot...................24.lbs.. To acid' phosphate plot...... ..........44, lbs. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot . .124,lbs.. Average increase with kainit.................77 EXPERIMENT MADE AT CULLMAN. IN. Ibs, 1904.. This experiment was conducted by Mr.. Feirtag for, Mr. L, The land is described as very poor and the test as entirely fair. The soil is not described but was probably the characteristic sandy soil of that region. For yields and increase see table on page 36. The largest increase and the greatest profit were obtained on plot 5 from a mixtur& of acid phosphate and cotton seed meal, the net profit there being per acre. A. Fealy. .7.43 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot.... ...................... To acid phosphate plot.........291 To kainit plot..............................259 To acid phosphate and kainit plot..............06 Average increase with cotton seed meal added: lbs. 104 lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. ... 180 .... Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot.............. ..... added,. 144 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot.................... 331 lbs. To kainit plot............. I10 e..................212 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit plot ............ 19 lbs. Average increase with acid. phosphate,............1,76 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per. acre when kainit was added: 82 lbs. 150 lbs. lbs. To unfertilized plot.......................... To' cotton seed meal plot ......... .......... 237lbs. To acid phosphate plot ....................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate Average increase with, kaini. . plot ...... -75 ... _ ..... 98 Ibs,. 89 E XPERIMENT MADE BY J. W. FRENCH, 312 MILES GORDO, PICKENS COUNTY, IN 1901. uplacl NORTH OF Gray, salddy witih yellow clay subsoil, The original growth is reported as shortleaf pine and sweet gum, which had been removed about twenty years before. On this soil cotton sometimes rnsts, but there was no rust on plots fertilized with kainit in 1901. The sea son was dry. Gordo, Tuscaloosa, and Ilatilton expe-rinents. 1 ) FERTILIZER. GORDOGORDOTUSCAGORDOOOSA HAMIL-- ON 1901 I k 1902 C C e-4) rri o 1901 1903 o Q) 4 K EIND. ) 4 d a .1 o -, 4. O 1 200 Cotton seed meal .. I512 144 2 240 Acid phosphate .... i.448 80 3 X00 No fertilizer. . .368 43.. 87 .2 20Kainit 200 Cotton seed meal 6 240..id phsphat 45F 200 Cotton seed meal ... / 592 2 240 Acid phosphate . . Lbs. Lbs. Lbs Lbs. 656 120 552 104 680 144 592 144 536 448 536 00' 416 -39; 808 Lks. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 745 155. 780 190 590 600 10 870 280 2 2721 1 812 351 200 Kainit.......140 .. .. 241 7 _38 32...... 7 240 Acid phosphate . 8g 9 200 Kainit 0 No fertilizer.....25 240 Acid / 3 1 26.3 616 360 11 80"4 53 48 360 9601 2381j2 2 1 2 1806466 200 Cotton seed meal " phosphate .. " 896 1200 .... ainit...... 200 Cotton seed meal ... 240 Acdpopae608 S100 Kainit........ ..... 480 9801 390 352 l 848 312 792 231 870 280 A complete fertilizer gave the best yield. In a complete fertilizer 100 pounds of kainit was sufficient, plot 10 affording a net profit of $4.52. - ~ 40 Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal waf added lbs. To unfertilized pot........................1 lbs. To acid phosphate plot.....................165 lbs. plot...................... To kainit 69 lbs. plot..........:. To acid phosphate and kainit .... 185 Average increase with cotton seed meal........181lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: 80 To unfertilized plot .......................... To cotton seed meal plot....................101 plot .... :...........................204 To To cotton seed meal and hainit plot...........88 lbs. kainit lbs. lbs. lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate........118 lbs. 4ncrease of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. .. 'To To unfertilized plot...........................87 To cotton seed meal plot.....................121 To acid phosphate plot.....................211 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot lbs. lbs. 115 lbs. lbs. lAverage increase with kainit................133 4rZXP1EZL .lLTNT MADE BY D. W. DAVIS, 112 MILES NORTHEAST OW COUNTY, IN GORDO, PICKENS 1902. jSiaft colored, santdy clay loam with dark -reddish.clay sub soil. 'This upland field had been in cultivation foie many yeal's, the two preceding crops being corn with a scant growth of original growth was ic I cowpeas between the rows. oak, black jack oak, hickory and pine. The stand was uniyield and increase see table on page 39. form. a not A complete fertilizer gave the .largest yield fertilizers profit on plot 9 of $3.96 per acre. While all three 'The For and' -were beneficial,. the chief need was for phosphate. Prece - ~ng crops of cowpeas obscured the results from cotton seed. 41 aneal. Kainit, though useful,,was less needed than it was lighter soil vthe preceding year on the apparently of Mr. [French's farm. .Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was To To To To unfertilized plot........................120 acid phosphate plot ...................... kainit plot..............................104 acid phosphate and kainit plot.............96 added: lbs. 128 lbs. lbs. lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal. 112 lbs. increase of send cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot ............ To cotton seed meal plot . ..... .......... .... 144 lbs. 152 lbs. lbs. To kainit plot..............................264 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot............256 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate........204lbs. .Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. To To To To unfertilized plot.........................00 cotton seed meal plot...................-16 acid phosphate plot.......................120 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot.. 88 Average increase with kainit......4 MAEXPERIMENT CONDUCTED BY E. J. DAFFIN, 3 9 MILES SOUTH OF TUSCALOOSA, IN 1901. Gray, sandy soil, 'with yellow subsoil. This field had been cleared about sixty years. The origlinal growth is reported as oak, hickory, shortleaf pine, sweet elm, mulberry, poplar and beech. Black rust was severe on all plots. The season was dry until .gum, August, when excessive rains occurred.. The stands ~were very thin, but uniform on each plot. The -largest yield was made with the complete fertilizer. ~Six hundred and forty pounds of' a complete fertilizer ox plot 9 increased the yield 480 ponnds of seed cotton, affording (at 8. cents for lint) a net profit of $7.10 per acre afterpaying for fertilizers and cost *ofginning and the increase. Cotton seed meal was important, and phosphateequally so; kainit was usefnl,. but-less needed than the other two, and was effective only when combined with one both of the others. The results of the 1901 test are in accord with similarexperiments made by Mr. Daffinr in 1900 on the same (property of Hon. F. S. Moody) and with those obtained by him in 1897 and 1898 on the county Poor-house farm. picking or farm,. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was To To To To unfertilized plot.........................104 acid phosphate plot..........207 kainit plot.............................292 acid phosphate and kainit plot.............257 added: lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal. 215 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot .......................... To cotton seed meal plot...................247 To kainit plot..............................262 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot...........227 144 lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate...........220 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was lbs:. added: 39 lbs._ lbs.. 79 lbs.. . .129 lbs.. 79 To unfertilized plot .......................To cotton seed meal plot....................149 To acid phosphate plot ...................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot Average increase with kainit................. lbs;. - We may safely conclude that on soils of this character phate, considerable cotton seed meal, and less of," near Tuscaloosa cotton requires a large proportion off phos-- kainit than of either meal or phosphate. For yields and increase see table on page 39. 43 EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED BY THK SIXTH DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL AT HAMILTON, MARION COUNTY, IN 1903. Soil dark loam with light red s4bsoii.. This upland soil had been cleared many years, then thrown out of cultivation, and again taken into cultivation years before the test began. On plots 7, 9 and 10 the stand was imperfect. The was made with the complete fertilizer, but potash was: less needful than either cotton seed meal.or phosphate. The largest net profit, on plot 9',. was.$3.46. five yield largest Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton To unfertilized plot......................155 seed meal was added: lbs. ... To acid phosphate plot ........... To kainit plot.......................... To acidphosphate and kainit plot...........170 240lbs. 163 90lbs. lbs. lbs. Average increase with cottcn seed' meal. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid' phosphate was added~ 190 lbs. To unfertilized plot ....................... .......... lbs. 125 To cotton seed meal plot ...... .. .... lbs. To kainit plot.............................210 To cotton seed meal and kainit p'lot.........140 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate.........166 lbs. Increase of seed cotton, per acre when kainit was added : 10 lbs. To unfertilized plot........... .............. 95 lbs. . . To cotton- seed meal plot..... :.... 30 lbs. To acid phosphate plot ................... To cotton seed meal and acid phs-phate, plot...110 lbs. Average -icrease with~ kai'nit .. .... _........-61. lbs.. 44 WXIERuI~i:Ntr MADE BY FIFTH I)LSm cT AGRICULTURAL oGHOOL, WETUNMPK A, IN 1901. Dark.grtgy loam soil with reddish subsoil. This upland field is reported as having been cleared about Itwenty years b'fore of its:growth of longleaf pines and small -water oaks. For the three years preceding the experiment it was un:;cultivated and grew up in grass and briers. There was little ,or no black rust. The stand was uni- ~Iforn. The average results indicate that the chief need was for phosphate. Neither nor cotton seed meal was of much use the first year after the plowing in of large amounts of vegetable matter,. The need for phosphate is also sug- kainit Bested by the results of the 1903 inconclusive experiment on sthe same farm. See pages 47 and 71. The largest net profit was from plot Increase of seed cotton To unfertilized per',acre When cotton seed meal was added: ......... 64 lbs. plot ............... 116 lbs. 63 lbs. 93 lbs. 37 lbs. 5,.$4.65. To -acid phosphate 'plot ..................... To kainit plot ............................ To acid .phosphate and kainft plot ...........Averagef increase ,with cotton seed meal ...... Increase of seed- cotton per acre when .acid phosphate was adde:. 170 lbs. To unfertilized plot ....................... Tio cotton seed meail plot ................... ..... 222 lbs. ........................... To kainit 'plot To cotton seed meal and klainit plot 234 lbs. 78 lbs. 'Average ;increase ,with acid phosphate.......176 lbs. 45 increase of seed cotton per- acre, wI en Liit;was To unfertilized plot ................ To cotton seed meal plot............... To acid phosphate plot .................. . .. ... ... added: 67 lbs. 66 lbs. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate, plot Average ...- 131 lbs. 78 lbs. increase with kainit................46 lbs. E XPERIMENT MADE BY J. D. BILLINGSLEY, Fwn: MILES OF TALLASSEE, IN ELMORE COUNTY, IN 1903. WEST' Black sandy upland; light colored subsoil. The original growth of longleaf pine and oak had been removed abont thirty years before. There was no rust very little shedding. All plots were thinned to the same, number of plants, namely, 5,760' per acre: The rainfall was favorable. For yields see page 47. The largest yield was obtained from: the complete fertilier which afforded an increase of 552'pound' of seed cotton per acre, or a net profit on plot 6, of $8.97, on plot 10 of $9.67. The principal need was for potash and nitrogen, this. being one of the few soils where, in the absence of rust. kainit was more important than' acid phosphate. and, and Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton. seed' meal was added To unfertilized plot ... ........ ,. .............. 136 lbs. To acid phosphate plot............. 04 lbs. To kainit plot............ ................. 470 lbs. To acid phosphate and kainit plot....... 225 lbs. Average increase with cottoni seed' meal['....258 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid' phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot......... ........ 40 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot..................,..108 lbs. To kainit plot................ .. ,... .301 lbs. To cotton seed meal and kainit plot........,..... 56 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate . ........ 126 lbs. 46 'Increase of seed otton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. To unfertilized plot...........................26 To cotton seed meal plot .................... To acid phosphate plot b.... ..... 360 lbs. ... .. 287 lbs. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot Average incrase with kainit ................. 308 lbs. 245 lbs. EXPERIMENT MADE BY J.. P. SLATON, SEVEN MILES SOUTH OF NOTA.SULA. This test was made eIn gray sandy hillside with stiffer red:dish subsoil. The original g1owth was longleaf pine, oak, cleared eight years before. For two years pre. ,ceding the experiment the land was pastured. Unfortunately the land was ot plowed until May 17th, which delay reAuced the yields. The stand was good on all plots. For yields and increase see table on page 47. The complete fertilizer was most profitable, plot 9 giving :an increase of 544 pounds of seed cotton per acre, equivalent Ito at net profit of $8.76 per acre. .ua, Increase hickory-and of geed cotto~n per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot..........................256 To acid phosphate plot................... To kainit plot.... ...................... To acid phosphate and kainit plot ............. 210 lbs.. .105 lbs. ... 173 lbs. lbs. Avcrage increase with cotton seed meal..... .. 186 lbs. ,Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot .......................... 276 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot ...................... 129lbs. 'Po kainit plot ...... To cotton seed meal ......................... ,and kainit. plot........... 165 128 lbs. lbs. Average iinctnease with acid phosphate .... 174 lbs .47 Iluicreease plot .......................... 'To cotton seed meal -plot .................... To acid phosphate plot.. .............. 'To cotton seed meal and -acid phosphate~ To unfertilized of -seed cotton per 'acre when kainit was added: 20'3 lb:; 1123 lbs. 58 lbs. . plot. 163 lbs. .Average increase with .kainit..............137 lbs. Wtantpka, Tallassee, iTotasulga and Auburn fertilizer ex,perirnments. WEFERTILIZER. TIUMPKA TAI,LASsEE NOTASUL~GA 1901. c3 1903 1904 1902R 10 6 0 KIND. 0 U20 .. 0 Nt t1Z 4-4~ 38 0O0O 0 O0 0 0 4'0 548 60 26 776 200 .1 Lbs. Lbs.I :10 Cotton seed meal . 200 Acid phosphate ... 20 No fertilizer .......... 200Kainit....... ........ 240 Cotton seed meal .. . 200 Acid phosphate...f 240 Cotton seed meal . } Kainit....... ....... 200 Acid phosphate ... 200 Kainit.... ..... 20 No fertilizer......... 240 Cotton. seed meal ... 200 Acid phosphate .. 200 Kainit ..... 240 Cotton seed meal .. Acid phosphate... 9J 100 Kainit....... ....... 424 64 .536 170 360 432 67 656 504 680 384 592 208 664 280 286 60 N4 3N 50 .N4 096 327 50 0 334 68.18 376024) 4750 130 328 301 376 405 81247647263 25 6424206729 201 EXPERIMENT ON STATION FARM AT AUBURN, IN 1902. Light, sandy -soil with porous sandy subsoil. This test -was 'made -on the poorest hilltop on the station 48 farm where no leguminous crop had grown for a number of years. The absence of any considerable rain: betweem April and August ruined the yield. The stand was uniform on all plots. The chiefv need off this sand bank this excessively dry year was for kainity but the largest yield was from complete fertilizer. EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED BY W. T. CHISM, IN 1901, 1902ANmm 1903, AT VICK, BIBB COUNTY. Grayish, sandy, second bottom with yellow subsoil. This land has been long in cultivation. On adjacent, similar land the forest growth consists of shortleaf pine, white and red oaks, gum, cucumber tree, dogwood, hickory and beech. For yields and increase see table on page 49. In 1901. All plots were reduced to the same number of plants, 6,400 per acre. The two preceding crops had been cotton. The largest increase, 388 pounds of" seed' cotton per acre, or a net profit of $5.31 per acre,. was obtained where a complete fertilizer was used. This year nitrogem was apparently the plant food chiefly needed but' both phos-phoric acid and potash were advantageous. There was practically no rust on any plot. In 1902. Dry weather, almost continuous from April till August, made the yields on all plots low and all fertilizers' practically useless. In 1903. The two preceding crops had been cotton. The, spring was late and cold.' No rust occurred: As' in 1901' cotton seed meal greatly increased the yield while phosphate , and kainit were less important, but advantageous. Plot 10' afforded the largest increase, 446 pounds, or a net' profit of" $6.19 per acre. The results suggest that the phosphiate in the completefertilizer might have been much reduced' without' injury toe the crop. 49 :made similar experiments in 1899 and In those years cotton seed meal the only ferItilizer that was of material advantage. The, results as a whole indicate that on this second bottom a fertilizer of unusual composition is required and that it should conItain more of cotton seed meal than of any other fertilizer. 1900. Ir. iCism also Was Ewperiientes at Vick, Bibb county. FRIIR.VICK FETLIE.1901 VIC K 1902 6 VICK 1903 0t all c 6 KIND. f . . o(- 4 O _ . . a. Lbs 200 -2 240 00 .mo 200 200 240 200 200 240 'Acid 200, Kainit ........... 8 9t 10 Tbs. Lbs. ILbs.l Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Cotton seed meal . 676 122 352 48 864 242 Acid phosphate........ 128 360 612 56 572 -50 No fertilizer........... 484 622 304 Kainit ............. 156 36o4 57 7 00 Cotton seed meal 732 102 256 412 970 .?48 Acid phosphate .. 740 1Cotton seed meal 268 400 86 940 310 1Kainit............ 70 85 852. 728 phosphate.. 00 No fertilizer ........... 200 Cotton seed meal . 1 240 Acid phosphate.. 716 " "464 248 388 432 320 432 428 108 752)I 416 115 1C2 119 1631 112110241 181 5 2001 Kainit . 200 Cotton seed meal ... 240j Acid phosphate....... Kainit....... ...... 1 388 1 J0 264 Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was ad dd 1901 1903 -?42 lbs. 398 lbs. 235 To unfertilized plot.................... To acid phosphate plot....................128 To kainit plot :...............11lbs. ... .. 192 lbs. lbs. .. 140 lbs. s. To -acid'phosphat 'Average increa, and kainit plot....... 262 lbs. 284 lbs. with cotton seedmeal.........143. lbs. 5. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphiate- was lbs. unfertilized plot.................128 lbs. cotton seed meal plot..........64 9.2 lbs. kainit plot................................ .............. 120 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit plt lbs. added. To To To To 106lbs. 50 lbs.« 44-;lbs4. 84 lbs. 46. lbs_ Average increase with acid'phosphate........:101 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kaift. was added,: 7.5,Th. To unfertilized plot........... ... To cotton seed meal plot To acid phosphate plot ........................ To cotton seed meal and -acid, . . .. 156 lbs. ..... .... phosphate- plot 76 lbs. 120 lbs. 132 lbs.. 68 lbs 189lbs. 40 lbs. 88 Average increase with kainit...................121 EXPERIMENT MADE BY THE SOUTHERN lbs. lbs. INDUSTRIALINSTITUTE,, 1902. CAMP HILL, TALLAPOOSA COUNTY, IN Gray, sandy soil, with sandy subsoil. A protracted drought made all fertilizers practically less, the average increase from cotton seed mueal being only 18 pounds, from phosphate 31 ponds, and from kainit plot 7, entailed a pounds. The most favorable result, account of fertilizers of 94 cents. per acre. loss on use- oa 17 EXPERIMENTS MADE 2 / MIEs SOUTH J. M. OF IN COUNTY, BY LOGAN, H'ANOVER, CoosA\ 1902. Dark gray sandy soil with some rock; yellowish saubsoil:_ The original growth, removed about 40 years before, consisted of longleaf pine, hickory and oak. Recent crops. have. all been cotton. The largest increase, 392* pounds of seed' cotton per acre, was obtained from the use, of" a complete fertilizer, affording a net profit of* $5.56 per acre. Phoslittle value, but phate used alone or with kainit, was combined with both it was highly advantageous. of' 51 C'Jamp Hill, Hanover, Florence and Athens experiments. CAMP HANFLOR- FERTILIZER. HILL 1902 OVER 1903 19( 4 . NCF ATHENS 4-1 V a> 9) V N eQ ; 1, o o 0 4 a KIND. ca m c O c O e'r a; , c O )M 6N F~O Vc, OC 0 C 4 -4 _) 4 1 2 Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal 240 Acid phosphate ...... 00 No fertilizer ........... 200 4 Lbs. lLbs. Lbs. Lbs / bs Lbs.Lbs. Lbs. 576 32 360 732 284 560 208 536 3 4 200 Cotton cit ,Kainit.528 seed meal . ... 5141 584 -8 120( 264 240, 352 244144 448 696 15 376 43 137(784 600 352 248 334 965 656 295 728357 1161416 2)0Cotton seed meal 230 Kainit................ 71240 Acid phosphate.OK llt1 7 - 240 Acid phosphate 200 Kainit.863 8 00 Nofriie........... 536 2 00 Cotton seed meal 240 Acid phosphate ..... 200Kanit..............576 20Kii........200 Cotton seed nmeal 536 10 240 Acid phosphate .. -:1 0'Kainit ... .. . .... 656 64 624 27 8 368 132 1024; 571 38 232 536 .304 006432.2(.74 0 2 9 40 7 60 379 456 1492 1036 400 1416 S1641 r 207482 7 7 7 _1_ Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal-was added: To To To To unfertilized plot.........................120 acid phosphate plot ...................... kainit plot.............................. acid phosphate and kainit plot ............ lbs. 92 lbs. 4 lbs. 153 lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal........ 90 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To. unfertilized To cotton seed added: plot........... meal plot ..... :......... 24 lbs. 4 lbs. ............- To kainit plot............................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ......... 11 lbs. 171 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate.......... 50 lbs.. increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot.........................136 To cotton seed meal plot.................... 13 To acid phosphate plot......................127 To cotton seed meal-and acid phosphate plot ... 188 Average increase with kainit................113 added: lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. EXPERDIENT MADE BY FLORENCE, W. A. PARISH, LAUDERDALE TEN MILES WEST OP COUNTY. iht, ;gray soil with pale rcldish subsoil. This field had been cleared 40 or 50 years. The orginal growth is reported as postoak and black jack oak. The experimenter reports that there no black rust. but that "red rus"' was present, bnt did little damage. The season was dry. The stand was good and uniforni Thle complete fertilizer more than trebled the yield of the unfertilized plots, raising the yield to about a bale was acre. This is increase of 1,036 ponnds of seed cotton. equal to a net profit of $21 .5G )p acre after paying for fertilizer and picking and an per izer, whether applied by twos, or all three together, profitably increased the yield. Tile fertilizer most needed was phosphate. The one least needed was kainit which, however, was profitable. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot ginning -singly, of increase. Every fertil- ..........................284 269 lbs. lbs. To acid phosphate plot...................... To kainit plot..............................237 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ............. lbs. 208 lbs. lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal...249 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was addedTo To To To unfertilized plot.........................696 lbs. cotton seed meal plot.....................681 lbs. kainit plot..............................494 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit plot..........465 lbs. lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate........584 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. To'unfertilized plot.........................334 To cotton seed meal plot............287 To acid phosphate plot .................. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate Average increase with kainitl....s. lbs. plot.. 132=lbs. 71 lbs. XPEI MEP1 MADE .NTT 'BY P. S G. WILLIAMS, 112 MILES 'WrTE OF ATHE,, IMTSTONE COUNTY. brown loa or clay with re EDarbsoi ls l. This field had cleared manyyears The original growth is reported as oak, black jack oak, gum and popuar. There was no rust, bnt drought and early frost cnt short *been the yield. The most profitable fertilizer, was the complete With one containing 1100 pounds of kainit. ing a net profit above the cost of this. the inpicking and crease was 1472- pounds of seed cotton per acre, thus afford- fertilizer-and ginning of increase of $1.64 per acre. However, all fertilizers whether applied igly, by twos, or by threes, profitably increased the yield. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added : To unfertilized. plot..... ................ To acid phosphate plot..................:...109 To kainit plot........ ............... ........ .... 208- lbs. lbs. 84 lbs. To acid phosphate and kainit plot........... 215 lbs.. .. . .. Average increase with cotton seed meal .154 tbs. i4 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added To.unfertilized plot ... ................ To cotton seed meal plot....................149 kainit plot.............................4 'To cotton seed meal and kainit plot............37 2S4 Tbs. lbs To lbs. lbs lbs. Avcrage increase with acid phosphate..........85 .Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. To unfertilized plot..........................295 To cotton seed meal plot ................. To acid phosphate plot......................-47 'To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate Average. 171 lbs. lbs. plot.. 59 lbs. lbs. increase with. kainit.................119 EXPERIMENTS BY W. G. IN BEVILL, NAHEOLA, CHOCTAW COUNTY, 1901 AND 1902. utplnd with clay subsoil. "iCllatto" The land had been long in cultivation. The original growth was reported as both long and shortleaf pine. iinmediately preceding crops were cotton. For yields see table on page Rust was worst on plot 5, but there was little of it on the The Dry weather from June to August, fobe lowed by a violent storm , greatly reduced the yield. The kainit plots. stand was good. Ia 1901. The largest increase. 448 pounds of seed cotton per acre, was from a complete fertilizer. However, in complete fertilizer, 100 pounds, of kainit was plot 9 afforded a net profit of per acre. $8.13 sufficient; a In 1902. In spite of the drought from April till August, cotton seed meal and acid phosphate profitably increase~d the yield.' Plot 5 afforded an increase of 247 pounds,.or a a' few cents less than plot 10 and a net' profit of $2.54,' few cents less than plot- 9. 'or Na/icola, riee nvifie, adt Evergreen NAOLA experiments. GR'nNVILLE NAHEOLA EVwRGREEN FERTILfZIR. 1901 r~ U.C) o 1902 a) o 1901 a) o 1902 . i k 0 C, O N) 4-4 C) Qa r.4 C)0 a 'r0-4 n ~0 -4- f Lbs .2 .3 .4 ..... 200 Kainit........ -2001 Cotton seed meal 2401 Acid phosphate ... 200, Cotton seed. meal . 240' Acid phosphate . 00' No fertilizer .......... .. . Lbs'Lbs Lbs, Lbs Lbs Lbs Lbs Lb5s 648 664 528 664 760 120 400 32 632 304 136 504 616 288 432 ?28 130 296. 141 352 24 220 688 247 696 .268 72 384 384 3041 224 -64 672 400 696 440 688 448 224 800 592 80 80) '8 200~ Cotton seed meal . 200. Kainit .............. 40Acid phosphate .... 200 Kainit ........ } 856 696 560 1008 310 616 .170 1431 600 664 326 001 No fertilizer......... 200 Cotton seed meal '9) 149 528 200 -240 Acid phosphate.:: +50 Kainit............ 100' IIR \~ To 'To To To 200; Kainit... ...... 200 Cotton seed meal.. 2401 Acid phosphate 448 744 288 632 304 .. . 1000 fI 4 40 744 288 784 456 768 576 ~1~1~1 Increase of seed cotton per acre whencotton seed meal was added: 175 lbs. unfertilized plot ........................... acid phosphate plot ............... ........... 1901 1902 120 lbs. lbs. -32' 84 lbs. kainit plot...............................180 lbs. acid phosphate and kaiit plot...............305 lbs. increase, with (eotton 311 lbs. 139 lbs. 145 lbs. Average seed meal.......... 172 lbs. Increase of. seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot...........................136 lbs. added: 72 lbs. *To cotton seed meal.plot......................100 lbs. 'To kainitplot.............................. 13 lbs. 'To cotton seed' meal and'kainit plot............138 lbs. 'Average increase With acid 'phosphate...........96 lbs. 279 lbs. 290 lbs. 118 lbs. 189 lbs. 56 Increase of seed cotton per acre when VainUwas ddpd: urfertilized plot...........................t.30 l.-141 lbs. To cotton seed .meal plot......................190 lbs. 202 lbs. To acid phosphate plot. . .............. 7 lbs. 75 lbs. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate ........ 228 lbs..41 lbs. T Average increase with kainit................13$lbs.'44 lbs,. EXPERIMENT BY D' H. ROUSE, GREENVILTE, IN 1901. 'ort, red land. The average increase is,.the greatest with cotton seed: meal, 172 pounds of seed cotton per acre, and next with aei4j, )mlphate. Iainit was ineffective. test is not entirely conclusive. For i l]c of see page 55. This yields Increase of seed cotton' per 'acre when cotton seed meal was added:: To To To To 304 lbs. 26 lbs. kainit plot..........................302 lbs. acid phosphate and kainit plot...........104 lbs. acid .phosphate plot ....................increase with cotton seed unfertilized plot........... ........ Average meal ... 172 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added::, To unfertilized plot.........................288 lbs.. cotton seed meal plot......... .........36 lbs. o To kainit plot ......... . ... 176 lbs.. To(, cotton seed meal and kainit plot .........-Average increase with acid phosphate ........ 22 lbs.. 101 lbs. Increase of seed cotton. per acre when kainit was added: To To To To unfertlized plot......................... cotton seed meal plot ....... :............22, acid phosphate plot ....................cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot 24 lbs. lbs.. 88 lbs. .. , 36 lbs.. 1 lbs.. Average decrease with kainit................. 57 ExPERaIMENT BY, J. W. STUART, AT EVEIGREEN, IN 1902.. Gray sandy uplanc with cddlsA ssbsoi. '5elds :ee-page 55. There was no rust. The stand was uniform. Inspite of the severe drought every- combination of fertilizers ef -fected a higlly, profitable increase in the crop. However,. when used separately, no fertilizer material exerted its full, effect. The, largest increase, 592 .pounds ofseed cotton per.acre,. a complete fertilizer, but in the yesulted from the use.-. nearly complete . fertilizer.. 100 pounds of kainit effective asa larger amount.. -Plot 10 afforded a net of $10.34 per acre after paying. for fertilizer and for.picking and ginning the increase. For of was profitr as Increase of-' seedcotton per acre when cottonl seed nmealwas added :: .80 lbr ::. ...... To unfertilized plot .......... 320lbs. ... :. To acid phosphate plot ... lbs. To kainit plot............................504 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.............144 lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal ... 264 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when .acid p1osphate was To added:. unfertilized plot.................... To cotton seed meal plot ..... To kainit plot...........................512 .............. . .80 lbs.. 320 lbs.. lbs.~ To cotton seed meal and kainit plot.......... 152 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate........266 Increase. of seed cotton per acre when kainit was ...............To unfertilized plot....... To cotton seed meal plot .................... .......... To acid phosphate plot ...... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate lbs.. added: 04 lbs. 360 s. 368 lbs., lbs. plot. .192 ..... Average increase with. kainit .. . 24bsb,.,. 58 'EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED oi BY J. D. VEAL, THREE MILES NORTE LOUISVILLE, BARBOUR COUNTY. Gray, sandy soil, with stiffer gray subsoil. This upland field had been cleared of its growth of oak hickory and longleaf pine about thirty years before. For the two years preceding this experiment corn on this land, but whether cowpeas were grown be'.tween the corn rows was not stated. The stand on all plots was good. A complete' fertilizer afforded the largest increase in yield, 474 pounds of seed 'cotton per acre, a net profit of $6.94 per acre. The com plete fertilizer with 200 pounds of kainit was a little more profitable than the one containing 100 pounds of kainit, This is a case in which the increased yield from kainit wassnot due to its influence on rust, for Mr. Veal reports that lhe,,e was no rust on any plot. See table page 66. The combination of acid phosphate and cotton seed meal washighly profitable, but less so than the complete fertil- ,and grown was iizers. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was. added: To unfertlized plot ....... ... ...... :........ 48 lbs. To acid phosphate plot....................253 lbs. ................. 301 lbs. To kainit plot ......... 242 lbs. To acid phosphate and kainit plot ............ 'Increase To Average increase with cotton seed meal of 211 ... 120 325 lbs. seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added.: lbs. lbs. unfertilized- plot.......................... To cotton seed-meal plot.................. To kainit plot ........................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot....... 268 lbs. 209 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate.......230 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To To To To unfertilized plot.........................-34 cotton seed meal plot...................219 acid phosphate plot.....................114 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot with kainit.......... added: lbs. lbs. lbs. .. 103 lbs. lbs. Averageincrease EI;XPERIMENT MADE BY C. A. HATCHER, Two COFFEE MILES SOUTHEAST OF ENTERPRISE, COUNTY. Gray, sandy loam, with stiff gray subsoil. The longleaf pines had been. cut on this field abont 18 before. There were 7,360 plants per acre on all plots. For yields and increase see table on page 60. The crop preceding tile experiment was corn with cowpeas in the drill and peannts between the corn rows. It is not whether tie peannts were consumed as usnal by hogs on the land, or removed. In spite of these preceding leguminous crops and of the fact that the corn had been fertilized with eight bushels of cotton seed per acre, the application of cotton seed meal to cotton was decidedly profitable. material most needed was acid phosphate. The greatest increase in yield, 616 j orUnd of seed cotton worth $16.01 net, resulted from -the. use of 640 pounds of a complete fertilizer, and this complete fertilizer afforded net profit of $10.63 per acre. Kainit was distinctly advantageous and profitable when- years stated 'The a ,ever' combined with acid phosphate. The complete fertilizer~ 'combining 200 ,pounds of kainit was more profitable than the one with 100 pounds. No mention is made of rust. 60, iis rule, Enterprise, Georgiana,anidd Gartan4 experiuuents. LouisENTERGEORGAR- FERTILIZER. VILIJ PRISE GIANA LAND 1901 1904_1904_1904_ KIND. 4-44.4 4- 2,24 S,0 oo A~i;.phspae e m lQ .... Q r"31.E1 56 0 C) 5112 20.90 4 2 205 otn edma.....41,34 240 Acid phosphate .. ,.....3210 (804552 3 612{ 296 64 0 8082964 6 4 9 * 2 0 0 Kainit ..... ; :..... ..... 1846 347 304.2419764 240 phosphate. t.200 Cotton :seed .meal 33604016 8 200Kaiit 0O~I\~ S ferilizr.....32 . . 5 280 880 200 Cotton seed meal 536 240 Acid. 70960131 6 5 4 49 40 1 24,0 Acid phosphate17 4 8 6 24 200 Rainit...... 0 ..... { :200 Cotton .seed meal: 240 Acid phiosphate ..... 100 Kainit . ... : .. ,I 724 404 800 520 240 360 1016,520 I ............. 272 lbs. lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot..... ....... To ' acid phosphate plot................... To.kainit plot .............................. 224 lbs. To 'acid phosphate and kainit plot......:......128 lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal. 192 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot.....................:...56 lbs. To cotton seed meal plot...................128 lbs. To kainit plot.................. ....... 464 lbs. To cotton seed meal and kainit plot...........368 lbs. ... Average increase with acid phtosphate........304, bs. .61 _lncre:.se of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: lbs. 24 lbs. lbs. .. To To To To unfertilized plot.........................24 cotton seed nieal plot ..................acid phosphate plot......................232 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot increase 216 lbs. Average with kainit...............112 lbs. :EXPERtIl-MENT'S MADE BY J.. C. LEE, 1904, 1 1-4 MILES NORTH F GEORGIAN, (hay "pincy wood s" upland with red clay ubsoil. Ilwood. The land had been cleared about ten years. The original growth was longleaf pine with some oak, hickory, and dogThere had been no cowpeas on this land in recent years. There was no rust, but shedding was severe. The stand was good and uniform. For yields see page 60. The most profitable increase, 364 pounds of seed cotton per acre, resulted from the use of cotton seed meal and acid phos- phate. TrIe:1 This -mixture addition of kainit gave a net profit of $5.58 per acre. to this mixture was not notably help- ful.. The chief need of this soil was for phosphate and not l.The chief need of this soil was for phosphate and next Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot................... .64 lbs. To acid phosphate 'pl~t................. .164 lbs. To kainit 'plot...... .... .................... 221 lbs. To acid phosphate and lkatiit plot...........174 lbs. Average increase--With (ettoen seed meal...155' lbs. 62 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added.: To To To To unfertilized cotton seed kainit plot cotton seed 200 lbs. plot ........................ lbs. meal plot...................300 lbs. .... .............. meal and kainit plot..........193 lbs. lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate........208 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was '1o added: lbs. unfertilized plot.70 To cotton seed meal plot .................... To acid phosphate plot ...................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot Average increase with kainit ................. .. 227 lbs. 10 lbs. 20 lbs. 81 lbs. EXPERIMENT MADE IN 1901, BY G. L. McLuRE, Two MILES: EAST OF GARLAND, BUTLER COUNTY. This gray upland pine soil.had been cleared about ten years. The-original growth was longleaf pine and black aek oak. The preceding crop was oats. Acid phosphate- was highly profitable and cotton seed meal effective. Kainit was effective only when combined with the other two. Thelargest increase, 560 pounds of seed cotton per acre, obtained from the use of a complete fertilizer. This, on, plot 9, gave a net profit of $9.46 per acre. For yield see" table on page 60. Two experiments previously made by Mr. McLure and' two made near by at Lumber Mills, accord with the results: here recorded in showing that the pineywoods- soils of was, region are highly responsive to a and cotton seed meal, and that only when rust is severe. that mixture of acid phosphate" kainit is highly beneficial 63 Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added To unfertilized plot.....................296 lbs. To acid phosphate plot. ............ -2 lbs. .... 86 lbs. .............. To kainit plot. To acid phosphate and kainit plot..........123 lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal. 125 lbs. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added lbs. To unfertilized plot.....................448 To cotton seed meal plot.................150lbs. "386 lbs. .......................... To kainit plot To cotton seed meal and kainit plot.........423 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate.......351 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was lbs. added: To To To To unfertilized plot.......................51 cotton.seed meal-plot...............-159 lbs. lbs. acid phosphate plot....................-11 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot .. 114 lbs. .. 1 lbs. lbs. Average decrease with kainit ... ...... EXPERIMENT MADE BY WV.H. SIMMONS, MIDLAND CITY,- DALE COUNTY. Alone none of the fertilizers was very advantageous, but a coniplete fertilizer all three were decidedly beileficiaL. The largest increase,. 296 pounds of seed cotton per acre, in sulted fro m' the use of the complete fertilizer on plot 9.. re- This afforded a net profit of $2.32 per acre, which is nearly nine cents more than the profit on plot 10, where less kainitway; use~d. See table on page 04. Increase of seedl cotton per acre when cotton seed un e t z d p t . ... . . . .. . . meal88w as s . . b To acid phosphate plot ............... To kainit plot .............................. To acid phosphate and kainit plot ........... 127 lbs. 86- lbs. 139 lbs. addedTo Average increase with cotton seed meal. .. .... ... ..'1.Q lbs~. 634 h crease of seed cotton p'er -acre when acid phosphate was added: To To To To unfertilized plot..........................56 lbs. cotton seed meal plot....................95 lbs. kainit plot.............................113 lbs. cotton seed meal and kainit plot..........166 lbs. increase with acid phosphate.......107 lbs. Average Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit wasadded: To unfertilized plot ......................... 44 lbs. To cotton seed meal. plot......................42 lbs. To acid phosphate plot.....................101 lbs. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot .. 113 lbs. Average' increase with kainit...............75 lbs. i dlatfld City and Genev~a experiment8. MIDFERTILIZER.C Ga GE1902 G E1903 NAN 1904 1901 KIND,. -e O w~ dj Cc~4-I c Lbs. 16;. Lbs Lb.% Lbs. Lbs.Lbs Lb 712 88 488 1121 76S -8 672 291 880 120 768 2 240 Acid phosphate 48 720 768 376 3 00. No fertilizer...... .. .. 224 20.Kaini t.........264 41 .424 48,108839 856 1 66 51200 Cotton seed meal ... 2401 Acid phosphate400 183 600 224 1000 784 1: 25 6200 1 Cotton seed meal 200 Kainit "...........344 130 448 72 108 -7963: 48 240 Acid phosphate .... /200 Kainit .. .......... " ... 368 157 608 2321016 423 8402 42 8 00 No fertilizer .. """"208 200 Cotton seed meal ... 376 568 1 Lb 200 . eotton seed meal..3121 280 56 3213 9. 240 Acid phosphate ... 552 1 200 200 240 100 206 640 264 1040 (c Kainit....... ....... Cotton seed meal . 472 264 600 224 912 Acid phosphat Kainit....... ... ,. ,.I 504 488.1096 5;i28 360 928 3560 65 EXPERIMENTS BY P. M. METCALF, GENEVA. 41 MILES NORTH OF" Gray or light sandy upland with stiffer red subsoil, eight, inches fron surface. For yields see table on pages 64 and 74. In 1901. This was the fourth crop after clearing, all previous crops being corn with cowpeas and peanuts betweeit. No mention is made of rust. On this fresh land where leguminous crops had grown for several years, phosphate was the only material of marked value. Phosphate alone increased the yield 296 pounds of seed cotton per acre, affording a net profit of $6.02 per acre, after paying cost of fertilizer and picking and ginning of increase. In 1902. The immediately preceding crop was oats, which in turn had been preceded by two crops of corn, probably with cowpeas or peanuts between, as is customary in that locality. The time since clearing is not stated. Protracted drought and abundance of cotton caterpillars in October reduced the yields. No mention is made of black rust, but Mr. Metcalf writes that "Plots 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 hadc much of what we know as red rust." In this unfavorable, year kainit was by far the most effective single fertilizer, increasing the yield when used alone 369 pounds. The comlplete fertilizer containing a full ration of kainit increased) the yield 488 pounds of seed cotton, affording a net profit of $6.31 per acre. Mr. Metcalf writes: "I learn from this experiment that it pays to use lots of guano and of high quality." In 1903. This was the sixth year since the clearing of this land. The crops in 1902 were oats, followed by Spanish peanuts. There was no rust. This experiment is rendered inconclusive by the wide variation in the yields of 66 the two unfertilized plots and by the contradictory results on plots 9 and 10, hence it is recorded in the table on page 74, In 1904. Cotton in this experiment constituted the fourth The two preceding crops had been corn crop since clearing. and peanuts, the peanuts not picked, The summer was dry.. The largest increase, 528 pounds of seed cotton per acre, was made by the complete fertilizer, affording a net piofit above cost of fertilizer, ginning and picking of $9.38 per, acre. Again the 'chief need seems to have been for kainit, acid phosphate being almost as important, and cotton seed meal, somewhat less important by reason of recent crops of pea nuts. Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: 1901 1902 1904 To unfertilized plot....................112 lbs. 8 lbs.- 8 lbs. To acid phosphate plot ...............72 lbs. 203 lbs. 77 lbs. .... 24 lbs. 4 lbs. 182 lbs. To kainit plot .................... lbs. 65 lbs. 286 lbs., To acid phosphate and kainit plot ,.......32 Average increase with cotton seed meal 24 lbs. 70 lbs. 136 lbs ,. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: STo unfertilized plot.. .................. 296 lbs. 120 lbs. 48 lbs, To cotton seed meal plot .............. 112 lbs. 315 lbs. 133 lbsa. To kainit plot ........................ 184 lbs. 54 lbs. 76 lbs. To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ..... 192 lbs. 25 lbs. 180 lbs. Average increase with acid phosphate 196 'lbs. 128 lbs. 109; Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added:: To unfertilized plot .................... 48 lbs. 369 lbs. 166 To cotton seed meal plot ............. -40 lbs. 365 lbs. 356 To acid phosphate plot ...............64 lbs. 303 lbs., 194 To cotton seed meal and acid phos. plot 40 lbs. 165 lbs. 402 Average increase with kainit ............ 4 lbs. 300 lbs. l'bs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 270 lbs. Do FE, irP!YzERS PAY? Let the answer. The following table gives the. average of all the 41 conclusive experiments recordedin this bulletin. It shows the average increase in seed cotton, due to fertilizers, throughout Alabama and the due to fertilizers, after paying liberal prices for fertilizer and after paying 50 cents per hundred pounds of seed cotton for picking and ginning the increasedyields. figures net-profit -Average increase in 41 experimnents in seed cotton per acre and net profit per acre from fertilizers, after dedueting cost of fertilizer and cost of picking and ginning increase. the FERTILIZER. l Net profit per acre from fertilizers with seed at 60c per 100 lbs. and u. 0 Q,_ ~ a 4-4 o KIND. Lbs. ?. 5 240 Acid phosphate......... 200 Cotton seed meal.. 24{cdphsht~ Cotton seed meal . - Lbs. 55 302 91 365 1.26 1.85 2.04 $ 2.35 3.97 4.78 r . 4.86 $- 3.36 5.87 7.25 7.26 $ )200 10 2)0 210 40 Aiphsht . ......... Kainit ..... Cotton seed meal ... Acid phosphate... 100 Kainit ...... ....... -2.30 calculated The above table deserves careful study. Even with cottowr at six cents per pound, fertilizers were profita- ble, the average net profit per acre ranging from .$1.26 to $2.30. With eight-cent cotton the average net profits from fertilizers assume important proportions, ranging from $2.35 and $4.86 per acre. VAS With ten cent cotton the average profits range between and $7.26 per acre. W Thether cotton be priced at six, eight, or ten cents per ponnd, the average profit per acre was greater with a mixture of cotton seed meal and phosphate than with phosphate alone, and still greater when.100 pounds of kainit was added mixtnre, thns .making a complete fertilizer. x3'.36 tothis CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. .Tzese, arse based on these experiments and results published in former bulletins of this station. on In all soil belts, except perhaps on certain grades prairie soil, where tests have been made with cotton 'under the directionof this station acid phosphate has been almost universally beneficial. 2. Kainit is lessfrequently needed than either acid phospphate or cotton seed meal, and a considerable proportion of ithe soils on -which it has been most advantageous lie in the .southern part of the State. On soils where cotton is espei ially liable to "black rust" and in all parts of the State in seasons when that disease especially injurious, kainit rich 1. of is ISs at its best. On most soils, containing much clay, it can with. Where needed, an application be profitably- dispensed .of 100 pounds per acre is usually sufficient for cotton. ::3. Cotton seed meal- is highly beneficial to cotton on a :l!arge proportion of the cultivated area of every soil belt in .Alabama. Apparently it is universally needed on uplands =except on (1). new grounds ald .(2) on soils containing {considerable vegetable matter. f or 4. On old soils, as a rule, it is more profitable to employ cotton a mixture of acid phosphate and cotton than to use an equal money mpeal or of these two and ralue of any one of them alone. kainit, seed' a. The usual basis for a fertilizer formula for cotton 69 in regions where commercial fertilizers are generally em'ployed should be acid phosphate, of which 100 to 240 pounds should be used per acre, in addition to cotton seed meal or Pother nitrogenous fertilizer as necessary. 6.. The proper proportion of cotton seed meal to acid phosphate in a fertilizer formula for cotton depends largely the:recent cropping and manuring of the field. (a) Small stalks, (if not due to climatic influences, poor cultivation, etc.) are usually an indication that nitrogen (as in cotton seed meal), is needed. (b) Excessive stalk or "weed growth" of cotton is an indication that nitrogen can be dispensed with wholly or partially. (c) Phosphate hastens maturity. (d) The fresher the land the less the need for nitrogen. (e) A luxuriant growth of cowpeas just preceding cotton dispenses with the necessity for cotton seed meal, as -does a recent heavy dressing with stable manure or cotton seed. 7. Nitrogen costs about three times as much as phosphoric acid or potash and hence most of it should be produced on the farm by growing. soil-improving plants, (as cowpeas, velvet beans, vetch, crimson clover, etc.) and bincreasing the number of livestock and the amount of stable 'manure saved. 8. In response to requests for recommendations of definite fertilizer formulas for cotton on different soils, the writer would tentatively suggest the following to be modisomewhat when the facts mentioned in paararaph 6 seem to require it: (a) For red lime lands in North Alabama; for the red clay lands occupying a triangular area in the central per. tion of East Alabama-for the most part north of the West ern Railway and east of the Coosa River and for the stiffer non-calcareous soils of the northwestern and western part of the State: ,on fied 70 '80 to 120 lbs. cotton seed meal per acre. 160 to 240 _bs. acid phosphate per acre. 240 to 360 lbs. total per acre. (b) For sandy soils in the eastern and central parts of the State: 80 to 120 lbs. cotton seed meal per acre. 160 to 240 lbs. acid phosphate per acre. 40 to 60 lbs. kainit per acre. 280 to 420 lbs. total per acre. (c) -Region: 60 to 120 lbs. cotton seed meal per acre. 120 to 240 lbs. acid phosphate per acre. 60 to 80 lbs. kainit per acre. 240 to 440 lbs. total per acre. For the level lands of the southern Longleaf Pine (d) rust: For any well drained soil in any part of the State on which cotton is known to be especially liable to black 120 to 160 lbs. cotton seed meal per acre. 80 to 120 lbs. acid phosphate per acre. 80 to 120 lbs. kainit per acre. 280 to 400 lbs. total per acre. 9. The formulas suggested above contain approximately the following percentages of nitrogen (and its larger equivalent in ammonia), available phosphoric acid, and potash, using phosphate containing 12 1-2 per cent. of available phos- phoric acid. A phosphate of higher grade is advisable. 71 FORMULA. . " . . (a) For (b) For (c) For (d) For certain red lands .......... certain sandy lands ........ j low longleaf pine lands .... "rusting" soils ............ . 1 2.3 2.0 1.9 3.0 I 2.8 2.4 2.3 3.6 9.3 8.0 7.6 4.8 0.6 2.3. 2.8 4.3 10. On the lime soils of the Central Prairie Region commercial fertilizers are not generally used. Prairie soils are often in poor mechanical condition and need vegetable matter and drainage more than commercial fertilizers. The poorer soils often need both cotton seed meal and phosphate. INCONCLUSIVE EXPERIMENTS. These sometimes afford suggestions or hints which may serve to strengthen the conclusions derived from the more positive experiments previously recorded. At Town Creek, one-quarter of a mile southeast of the town, Mr. A. A. Owens made the test on what he describes as white sandy land with yellowish subsoil. There was no rust, but drought. This experiment was undertaken by Mr. R. R. Reed, who turned the fertilizers over to Mr. Owens. The test is inconclusive for the reason of the tearing of one 4 of the fertilizer sacks, probably that for plot 9. The Newtonville experiment in Fayette county was made by G. W. Gravlee, but was vitiated by late germination and irregular stands. The experiment at Hanover, Coosa county, was made by J. M. Logan on gray gravelly or rocky land with red clay subsoil. The results suggest that kainit was not needed. The test one mile east of Fredonia, Chambers county, was made by E. W. Smart on dark upland with red subsoil. Inequalities in stand, due, he reports, to disease of the young 72 plants, vitiated the experiment. The results suggest that a, mixture of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate was sufficient. Cowpeas in corn .or after oats, and grazed, grew on the land in each of two years preceding the experiment. Mr. W. A. Candler, Clanton, Chilton county, made the experiment on land where the preceding winter he had plowed in a very rank growth of cowpea vines, affording conditions unsuitable for a test of commercial fertilizers. At Wetumpka, the test was made on the farm of the District Agricultural Schools with conflicting results both. in 1902 and 1903. At Greensboro the tests were made by T. K. Jones, 1 1-2 miles south of town on poor red upland, originally covered with hardwood. In 1902 manure was accidentally added to certain plots, and in 1904 the growth of grass ruined the experiment. Four miles north of Union Springs Mr. N. Gachet made a test on light, reddish loam with red clay subsoil, where, the original growth had been hardwoods. Variations in the stand destroyed the value of the experiment. The test at Carson, Washington county, was consigned to. Mr. R. D. Palmer. It was made on gray upland, pine land with yellow clay subsoil, two miles north of Carson. The results are somewhat conflicting. For the Geneva experiment, see page 66. Credit is due Mr. C. R. Hudson for making or checking all calculations in this bulletin.