BULLETIN No, 117. DECEMBER,. 1901. ALABAMA. Agricultura1 Experiment Station OF THE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE, AUBURN. OLOHARD NOTES. By C. F AUSTIN. MONTGOMERY, ALA. BROWN PRINTING CO., PRINTERS & BINDERS. 190x.. COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES ON EXPERIMENT STATION. THOS. WILLIAMS. .................................... Weturpka. JONATHAN HARALSON.................................Selma. STATION COUNCIL. WM. LEROY BROUN, LL.D........................President P. H. MELL, Ph. D.....................Director B. B. Ross, M. S J. F. DUGGAR, M. S ................................. ......................... and Botanist. Chemist. Agriculturalist. Biologist and Horticulturist Chemist. C. A. CARY, D. V. M., B. S.....................Veterinarian. B. MEAD WILCOX, PH. PD. ... J. T. ANDERSON, PH. D....................Associate ASSISTANTS. C. L. HARE, M. S ........... W. C. .. ......... First Assistant Chemist. Second Assistant Chemist. NIXON, B. S ................... THOMAS BRAGG, B. S .................. ....... Third Assistant Chemist. Superintendent of Farm. T. U. CULVER....................... R. W. CLARK, B. S .................... Assistant Agriculturalist. C. F. AUSTIN, B. S.....................Assistant Horticulturist. The Bulletins of this Station will be sent free to any citizen of the State on application to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. ORCHARD NOTS. The season of 1901 was in many respects a favorable one for Alabama fruit-growers. The very mild preceeding winter had left the trees in excellent condition. Some of the earlier blooming plums escaped the frost and bore a good crop. The crop of fruit in the Experiment Station orchard was not as large as that of the preceding year; but it must be stated th't the crop secured during 1900 was unusually large. The spring of 1901 was very late, w t and cold, and, therefore, prevented in many varieties a normal setting of fruit. As a result of the late spring the earlier varieties fruited from one to two weeks later than usual. The young apple orchard planted in the years 1897 Nearly and 1900 continues fto be very promising. every variety made a strong, vigorous growth during The method of treatment was the the past season. same as outlined in Bulletin 112, and has proven satisfactory. Some of the varieties planted in 1897 bore 1their first fruit this season. Observations as to the prevalence of apple leaf rust (Roestelia) showed that the following varieties were affected: Aikin, slightly. Babbitt, slightly. Battyani, slightly. Buncomb, slightly. Bledsoe, slightly. Bradford, slightly. 293 Benoni, slightly. .Cillagos, slightly. Cannon Pearmain, slightly. Carolina Greening, very badly. Cooper's Red, slightly. Carter's Blue, very baldy. Chattahooche, very badly. Dam, slightly. Early Harvest, slightly. Elgin Pippin, slightly. Equinettelee, badly. Family, very badly. Grime's Golden, slightly. Hands, slightly. Homing, slightly. Haygood, very badly. Jeffries' Everbearing, slightly. Jonathan, very badly. Julian, badly. Keeskemet, slightly. Moultries, badly. Mangum, badly. Marvina, badly. Nickajack, very badly. Mavarack Sweet, slightly. Oszi-vaj, slightly. Pear (or Palmer), slightly. Red Limbertwig, slightly. Rawls Janeton, slightly. Red June, badly. Rome Beauty, very badly. Red Beitigheimer, slightly. Rodes Orange, very badly. Sekula, slightly. Summer Wafer, slightly. 294 Shockley, very badly. Senator, very badly. Santa, badly. Sweet Bough, slightly. Thornton's Seedling, slightly. Taunton, slightly. Texas Red, slightly. Walalyi, badly. Yellow English, slightly. Yopp's Favorite, very badly. Yellow Horse, slightly. York Imperial, slightly. The following varieties were free from rust this son: Apple of Commerce. Arkansas Black. Buda Summer. Black Ben Davis. Champion. Cooper's. Early. Epir. Fanny. Fall Pippin. Garvenstein. Hyari Piros. Hershall Cox. Hew's Crab. Jennings. Kennard's sea- Choice. Maggar. Metell. Mammoth Black Twig. Maiden Blush. Noble Savor. 295 Pasman. Ponjik. Red Astrachan. Early Red Margaret. Sabadka. Summer Queen. Saxon Priest. Selymes. Summer Cheese. Shackleford. Tuscaloosa Seedling. Winesap. Yakor. Yates. Early Red Margaret, Sab'adka, Winesap, and Yakor which showed rust last year, escaped this, and, in addition to those affected last year, there are thirty-four more varieties affected this season. A greater number of ,the Hungarian varieties were affected this year than last year. Resistant varieties have for the past few seasons been giving la good deal of promise, but this season so many more varieties were affected than usual, that it is probable we have no varieties in our orchard that are perfectly resistant to the disease. Spraying to Prevent Rust.-To determine if very thorough spraying wifth Bordeaux mixture would have any effect upon the rust, one tree of each variety was selected and kept very carefully sprayed 'from early spring until late in the fall. The Bordeaux mixture was used at the rate of six pounds of copper sulphate and six pounds fresh lime to fifty gallons of water. The varieties selected for this spraying experiment were affected during the season of 1900 as follows: Carter's Blue, slightly. Cooper's Red, moderately. 296 Dam, slightly. Early Red Marguerite, badly. Family, very badly. flames, slightly. Horse, moderately. Jonathon, very badly. Red June, slightly. Santa, badly. Senator, badly. Shockley, badly. Thornton's Seedling, slightly. Winesap, slightly. Yakor, slightly. The trees were very carefully sprayed on the followMarch 24th, before ing dates during the season: growth started; April 25th, May 4th and 22nd, June 5th and 20th, July 23rd, August 9th and 28th. On October 10th the trees were examined and the following notes taken showing the relative amount of rust The trees at this time were on the sprayed trees. heavily covered witth the Bordeaux mixture: Carter's Blue, badly. Cooper's Red, badly. Dam, slightly. Early Red Marguerite, very badly. flames, slightly. Horse, moderately. Red June, slightly. Jonathon, very badly. Santa, very badly. Senator, very badly. Shockley, very badly. Thornton's Seedling, slightly. Winesap, slightly. Yakor, slightly. 297 This seems to indicate that spraying with Bordeaux mixture has no effect upon the disease. Some of the varieties were even more affected this season than last. In reviewing the work of the past few seasons, it may be said that the rust is gradually increasing throughout the 'orchard. At present there are but few varieties that have not been at least slightly affected with the rust. While many of the varieties have not been affected so as to show reduced growth, many others have received a very serious setback from this cause. The Green Aphis of Apples.-This insect has been very troublesome this season, and spread upon many varieties not attacked 'before. The following varieties have been more or less affected : Aikin, badly. Apple of Commerce, very badly. Battyani, badly. Black Ben Davis, very badly. Bledsoe, slightly. Benoni, slightly. Carolina Green, badly. C~ooper's Red, badly. Cooper's Early, badly. Early Harvest, slightly. Elgin Pippin, badly. Epir, very badly. Family, badly. Garvenstein, slightly. Horse, very badly. Jeffries' Everbearing, very badly. Jennings, slightly. Mammoth Black Twig, very badly. 298 Moultries, very badly. Mangum, very badly. Mamma, islightly. Noble Savor, badly. Nickajack, 'slightly. Mavarack Sweet, slightly. 'Os-zi-vaj, badly. Pear (or Palmer), badly. Red Limbertwig, badly. Rawls Janetou, very badly. Red Beitigheimer, very badly. Red Margaret, slightly. Summer Queen, very badly. Saxon Priest, badly. Shockley, slightly. Senator, very badly. 'Summer Cheese, slightly. Sweet Bough, badly. Shackleford, badly. Texas Red, slightly. Tuiscaloosa Seedling, slightly. Winesap, badly. XWeathy, 's i ghtly. Yellow English, badly. Yakor, slightly. This agrees to some exten't with last year's report. There were 'sixteen varieties attacked this season that that were attacked were not last, and thirteen last year that are 'free this. As in the case of the rust, the inthe 'that are resistant to the attack sects care becoming fewer every year. The indications are 'that there are no varieties that we 'can ,say are perfectly resisttant to the attacks of this insect. varieties varietties of List of Hardy Varieties.-The following free from rust, aphis, and leaf spot for the past three have been 29 seasons: iyari Piros, Magyur, Maiden Blush, Metell, and Ponyike. There were eight hardy varieties last year and only five this. Three the American varieties -Aikin, Babbit and York Imperial-were slightly attacked with ru~st. Of the varieties that are not in the ,of above list, but that have made a satisfactory growth, and are in good condition this fall are the following: Aikin. Arkansas Black. Babbitt. Battyan. Buncomb. Bradford. Bledsoe. Carter',s Blue. Champion. Epir. Elgin Pippin. Gravenstein. Jennings. Keecskemet. Kinnard's Mavarack Choice. Sweet. Linb ertwig. Red Astrachan. Summer Wafer. Selymes. Yakor. York Imperial. Wil-alyfi. The following varieties fruited for the time this season: Bledsoe, Champion, Bed Limbertwig, Thornton's Seedling, and Whalye. first the line The work with the bearing orchard has been -along of spraying with Bordeaux mixture as a preventative against summer and other disealses that rot* cause the decay of fruit before maturity. As the first test along the line it was decided to keep the orchard very thoroughly sprayed from early spring until the fruit was ripe. eWe class. The orchar'd was sprayed nine times use the term summer rot to denote all the kinds of rot as a The one rot very noticeable this season was what is known as black rot (Sphaeropsis malorum), 300 during the summer at the following dates: March 27th, before growth started; April 8th .and 25th, May 22nd, June 5th and 22nd, August 9th and 28th. Paris green was used, after the blossoms had fallen, at the rate of eight ounces to fifty gallons of 'the-mixture, which was the same as that used in spraying for apple rust. Care was taken to cover the whole tree very thoroughly, and especially the fruit. Notes on Varieties.-The varieties that were practically free from rot are: Early Harvest, Hames, Hews' Virginia, Hiley's Eureka, Hubersham Late, Prior's Red, Red June, Summer Red, Thornton's Seedling, Shockley, Stephens' Winter, Winesap. Varieties only slightly affected by the rot: Ben Davis, Golden Pippin, Horn, Kellageskee, Limbertwig, Red Astrachan, Rome Beaurty, Rawls' Janeton, Shannon Pippin, Terry's Winter, Yopp's Favorite. Varieties which rotted badly: American Golden Russett, Cannon Pearmain, Elgin Pippin, Red Limbertwig, Yellow English. The growing of apples is a very difficult problem so far South, and without spraying a greater per cent. of the apples are more or less rotten before they are ripe. The orchard was an old one, and has had very little treatment. It was full of all kinds of diseases and insects that had flourished at will. The work of the fruit season seems to point to the conclusion that by careful selection of varieties, good cultivation, and thorough spraying, good clean apples can be grown here from June until early winter. The old trees this season have made a good, strong, healthy growth. 301 CHERRIES. tcherries In the spring of 1898 eleven of the leading varieties of were planted. All of the trees of three the varieties have died. Several more are m'aking a struggle for F'our of the varieties have made a good 'strong growth and seem to be fairly hardy in this 'climate. They are: Deyhouise, Governor Wood, Osthei mer, Suda. These varieties all bloomed full and :gave promise of a heavy fruitage this season, but when fthe fruit was about half grown the 'bulk of it dropped off. Whether thi's peculiarity is due to the -climatic conditions or to the trees not being old enough can no't at present be determined. Although cherries can not 'be recommended for general planting 3they should be in the list of the home garden for the northern half of the State. of existence. and 302 No. of trees set 1898. .. :"1 Varieties s No. of trees alive 1901. General condition in the fall 1901. Abbasse.. . 2 1 1 Fairlyqstr~o 1' u111. 0 l n andviorous.n lvt V1bvki WL- ' " LO Black Tartarian Dyehouse. Early Richmond English Morello Governor Wood. Mont. 0. King. Napolean... 1 1 0 0 1 Weak and growth poor. Vigorous and strong with a good growth Vigorous, good healthy growth. Fairly vigorous, growth small. 0 2 Strong and vigorous with a good Ostheimer . growth; Suda......... Strong and vigorous with a good growth. 2 Vigorous, fair growth. Wragg..... ... ill JAPAN WALNUTS. They fruited for the Trees were set in 1896. The nuts are of -medium size, borne season. time in large clusters, from six to twelve; shell is a this first little- thicker than that of 'the English walnut, semble to some extent. The meat is sweet and of good quality, the tree bears early and is. a very rapid grower. It makes a handsome tree, having leaves of immense. which they re- 303 size. It should be included in the list for home planting throughout the State. PEACHES. The peach orchard has done well this season, for while the crop has not been large, nearly all varieties have borne some -fruit. A cooperative experimental orchard was planted in 1898, at the request of a committee of the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, for the testing of the geographical limits of the successful cultivation of the different races of peaches. The test consisted 'of three varieties of three trees each, of the five races of peaches. The orchard bore a good crop this season, and it is now possible to form some idea of their value. Alexander. -An old standard sort. Medium, greenish, white, covered with red; flesh white, firm, juicy, sweet; clingstone. Season first to the middle of June; tree vigorous and productive. A leading early market sort. Mt. Rose.-Medium to large, white, with red cheek; flesh quite firm, juicy, rich, sweet; freestone; a leading market variety; ripens from the first to the middle of July. Tree vigorous and usually quite productive. Old Mixon.-This is another old variety. Medium to large, yellowish white, with red cheek; flesh white, very rich and juicy; freestone; a good shipper, and well known upon the market. Season from the middle to the last of July. PEENTO RACE. Varities-PEENTO, WALDROW, and ANGEL. The varietieth of this race bloom so early that the blossoms are all killed by .the frost. See table of blooming period. 304 NORTH CHINA RACE. Chinese Cling.-Large, globular, pale yellow; flesh very firm, sweet, rich; a close clingstone; a fine sort for pickling; season first to the middle of July. Tree vigorous and quite productive. Elberta.--Large to very large, round oval, pale yellow unless fully ripe; flesh pale yellow, firm, rich, juicy, slightly acid; freestone; ripens last of July to first of August. Tree sttrong, vigorous and very productive. The leading market variety for the South. Mammie Ross.-Large, round, white, with red cheek, and small red specks over the surface; flesh white, streaked with red under the skin; tender, juicy, sweet; clingstone; season first to the middle of July. Tree vigorous and productive. A promising new variety. SOUTH CHINA RACE. Pallas.-Medium, roundish, greenish yellow, with some red over the surface; flesh very white, sweet, rich; freestone; a promising variety for home use and local market; season middle of July. Tree vigorous and very productive. The best variety of the race. Tabor.-Medium, roundish oblong, pointed, covered with red; flesh white, sweet, juicy; clingstone. Tree vigorous and fairly productive; ripens the last of July. Honey. -Small, yellowish white, oval, slightly flattened, terminating in a 'prominent point; flesh very white, sweet, tender, juicy; freestone; season first of July. Trees. are fairly vigorous and quite productive. 05 SPANISH RACE. to large, roundish oblong, greenyellow, covered with reddish spots over the flesh white, tender, juicy, sweet; freestoue; season last of July. Tree vigorous and quite productive. Onderkonk.-Small to medium, pale yellow, flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, good ; freestone ; ripeus about the first August. Tree .vigorous and productive. ish Imperial. -Medium surface; of Cable's Indian..-Small, roundish, dull grayish red- flesh firm, reddish; clingstone ; season first 'of August. Tree vigorous and productive. Notes on the Blooming of the Races of Peaches for 1901. Varieties. Jan. 22. Feb. 20. Feb. 24. March 4. March 15. March 26. April 1. April 6. PERSIAN RACE. Alexander. Mount'in Rose Old Mixon.... buds swollen.. buds swollen.. buds showing pink full bloom. . blossoms falling. first blooms. full bloom. . ......... . first blooms, full bloom .. PEENTO RACE. Peento. buds show- blooms. fallen. . ing pink. buds showing Blossoms all killed by the frost. blooming ... ,........... buds show- full bloom.. ing pink Blossoms all killed by the frost. Blossoms all killed by Waldrow ... Angel... pink.. the frost. NORTH CH INA RACE. all killed by the frost. Chinese Cling. I n r fa T II buds pink. . full bloom.. blossoms falling. v Notes on the Blooming of the Races of Peaches for 1901, nI Varieties. Elberta. Mammie Ross. 'ar tes t Jan. 22. Felb. 20. Feb. 24 March 4. March 15. March 26. April 1. blossoms fallen . blossoms falling.I buds .......... bloom. full opening. ..... .......... buds pink . ...... f ull bloom. SOUTH CH INA RACE. .. . .. . . Pallas. I ............ I ............ 1 buds pink. . full bloom. . blossoms fallen . 1 Tabor. Honey... buds pink. . blooming... blossoms falling. buds pink. . buds opening.. full ............ bloom.. blossoms falling . ~.......... Imperial.. Onderkonk... Cable's Indian ............ SPANISH RACE_ buds pink.. full bloom.. blossoms fallen . ............ buds swol- buds pink.. full bloom... blossoms len.... fallen.. buds blooming... full bloom. . ...........o I II swollen. I - 308 The varieties of the Peento race bloom so early that they have no value outside the orange belt. The trees of 'the South China and Spanish races are strong, vigorous growers, and very productive. Many varieties of these races are suitable for 'the souithern half of the State and coast region for home use and local market. As yet neither race contains any varieties that will compete with the leading market sorts of the Persian or North China races. A variety !of peaches containing the vigor 'and productiveness o'f the trees of the South China and 'Spanish races, 'with the size, color, appearance and general market qualities of the Persian and North China races would be a valuable addition to Southern peach growing. NOTES ON OTHER VARIETIES OF PEACHES. Carmen -Large, nearly round, white with red cheek; flesh firm, white, rich, juicy, slightly acid; nearly free; season first to middle of July. Tree vigorous and productive. A promising variety 'for general planting. Early Crawford.--An old standard variety; large, oblong oval, rich yellow with a red cheek; flesh yellow, firm, rich, slightly acid; season middle to last of July. Tree vigorous and usually productive. Under favorable conditions this is one of the leading commercial varieties. It wants a rich heavy soil to do its best, for upon poor land it is a shy bearer. Grey.--Medium to large, rather long and flattened, with a prominent point at the end; skin very 'smooth, pale yellow, slightly sprinkled with red; flesh thick, firm, rich, sweet; freestone. Tree vigorous and quite productive. It seems to 'be a promising variety. Hale's Early. -Medium to large, roundish, greenish white, nearly covered with red; flesh firm, good; cling- 309 stone; season middle of July. Tree vigorous and very productive. This is an old market sort, its greatest drawback is its tendency to rot at harvest time. Matthew's Beauty.-Large, roundish, yellow; flesh thick, firm, rich, s'weet; freestone; season middle to last of August. Tree vigorous and fairly productive. This variety follows Elberta and is a promising late sort. McKinney. -Medium to large, yellowish with red cheek; flesh white, firm, juicy, sweet; clingstone; season middle to last of June. Tree a strong grower and fairly proiductive; a promising new variety. Stump.-Medium to large, round with red flesh ,thick,firm, sweet, juicy; freestone; season August; tree strong, vigorous and productive. sort, but still 'one of the best white varieties in son; a good keeper and shipper. cheek; first of An old its sea- Ovido.-Small to medium, roundish oblong with prominent point at the end, greenish yellow with red cheek; flesh greenish white, tender, juicy and sweet; freestone. Tree 'a strong grower and very productive. Sneed.-Medium, roundish oval, white with red cheek; flesh greenish white, juicy; clingstone; season last of May. Tree strong, vigorous and productive. The earliest peach yet produced. Triumph.-Medium, yellow, nearly covered with red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, good; nearly free; season first to middle 'of June. Tree vigorous and productive; an excellent early peach and a good shipper. Victoria.-Small to medium, nearly round, pale yellow; flesh pale yellow, sweet, juicy; freestone; season first of August. Tree a good grower and quite productive. 310 LIST OF VARIETIES FOR GENERAL PLANTING IN THE STATE. As a short list including some of the best' market sorts, we would suggest the following, given in the order of ripening: Sneed, Triumph, Carmen, Mammie Ross, Mountain Rose, Chinese Cling, Elberta, Stump, Matthew's Beauty. For a longer list for home use and local ,market take the above list and ,add to it Alexander, McKinney, Hale's Early, Early Crawford, Grey, Pallas, Tabor, Imperial. The last four varieties are suitable only for the southern half of the State and coast region. 311 Notes on~the Blooming Varieties. Carmen........ Early Crawford Grey .......... Hale's Early. Marks.. pink. Matthew's Beauty McKinney. Stump......... Ovidlo.......... of Peaches. April 6. blossoms......... bloom, falling._____ March 4. March 151 March 26.1 April 1. buds swelling. buds opening.I_ blooms, full full first buds swelling. bloom. blossoms falling. blossoms full first falling. bloom, blooms. buds pink. first blooms. full .buds bloom. full bloom. blossoms falling. full bloom. first blooms. pink. buds first blooms. abloom. full hilossoms bloom. falling. blossoms falling._____ full first blooms. blossoms buds full opening. fallen. bloom. buds swelling. Reeves......... Sneedi.......... Triumph ..... Victoria ........ .. first full bloom. blossoms falling. blossoms _____ bloom . full buds buds bloom. swollen opening. ..... fallen. buds blooming full blossoms swollen, bloom, fallen. blooming blossoms................... fallen. 312 PLUMS. The season has not been a very favorable one for plums. The varieties have fruited very unevenly. This is probably due to the excessive crop of 1900, which left the trees, in poor condition. The hailstorm of May 13th did a 'considerable damage by the hailstones marking the surface of the fruit so as to give it a poor appearance. On account of the freedom from late frost this spring, we were fable to get 'some fruit from the very early blossoming sorts. We give 'a table of notes on the blossoming period, and general condition of crop, and another tabulation showing the number of trees of each variety, that were 'set in 1896, the number of trees that have diei from 1896 to the fall of 1901, and the number of trees alive at present, with a note as to their general condition. During the present season a large number of trees have died from some unaccountable cause. For one to have a sucessful plum orchard, a setting of trees must be made every year. So that as fast as one orchard gives out another will be coming on to take its place. (For description of plums and varieties for planting see Bulletin No. 112.) Notes on the Btooin nig Varieties. Abundance, Berger, Botan and Yellow Fleshed Botan. Burbank...... Blood No. 4. Berckman's. Chabot, Babcock, Bailey's Japan, Hattankio, Munson, or Yellow Japan........ Cbas. of. Plumrs 1901. April 6. April 11. Condition of crop March 4. March March 15. March 26. in 1901. buds showing buds full opening. white. buds show- buds opening. ing white. full bloom ..... About one-half crop. Very light. Good. bloom.. fallen........................... nearly full blossoms buds falling. opening. bloom. buds opening. full bloom.. falling. Light. full buds opening. bloom., fallen............... buds swelling. buds . nearly full bloom. . . . . . . . . . . Light. Downing... opening. _ Full. blossoms falling. Full. Emerson ....... . buds full bloom.- falling......................... opening. ~u I rl IIrl Notes on the Bloominy Varieties. Excelsior. Earliest of All Golden of Plums 1901.-Cont'd. 26 Api6. Api .rbuds March 4. 1Narch~ 9. Mac . M rh9 March15 Mac pr 1 11. Condition of crop in 1901. Very good. Failure. 26 full bloom.,15fallen...................... Mac Mac opening. ........... buds full bloom. buds opening. swelling, m.ms Beauty... .......... blooming. buds buds swelling opening, .. Very full. blosso fa lling. Fair. Failure. Gold........... Hale........... blooming buds opening. fallen...................... fallen...................... blooming... buds opening. Hawkeye ... K~elsey ......... buds blooming...falling ...................... opening. buds white. buds opening. Lone Star.. buds white. full bloomi ng... Good. buds ...... swelling. Light. .......... ...... Very good. . Kurr........... falling.... bloom., fallen..... .......... ..... Failure. '' Notes on the Blooming Varieties. Long Fruited. Maru........... Normand....... Milton......... Orient.......... Pres. Wilder. Red Nagate.. Rockford ... ,atsuma.... ... ........... ... . __________opening. of Pluis March 26. in 1901 .- Cont'd. April S1. """ March 4. March 9. March 15. April 6. Condition of crop in 1901. Failure. full bloom., falling. buds opening. buds buds full blo om opening swelling, g .buds blooming .. ,falling..........openin .buds . Failure. blooming .. , full bloom ....... . Fair. Tree died before ripening crop. Light. opening. uds blooming..,falling...................... .b...... opening. .bds blooming. .uds blooming opening, .. full bloom......... blossoms .... falling . buds bloomii ng. .. . Failure. Good. ________opening. buds blooming .. , blossoms ..... opening. falling. ... Notes on the Blooming of Plums in 1901 ,-Cont'd. Varieties Transparent. Willard ...... Wickson ..... Whitaker ... .... .. . March 4. March 9. buds March 15. blooming ....... March 26. blossoms April 6 April .... Condition of crop in 1901. .. opening. falling . .buds blooming .. .... Very full. blossom ............... buds opening. ...... (...... .... opening. blooming, blossoms falling. _____ fallling. .. ,....... .... s Failure. Light ... uds b opening. Wayland .................... Wooten ................... Wild Goose................ ..... .. bads blooming, ."".. opening buds opening. . blooming .. bloominoc..hblossom; s Good. fal:len. full bloom.. blossom is Failure. fal[len. full bloom.. blossom .s Full. Ling. white. buds ..... .~buds blooming.. _____ opening ssof m alblos Full. k Llen. fal] blossom; s Light. fall ling. Yosebe .................... buds white.1buds . blooming.. opening. 317 Notes on the General Condition i i of the Orchard. Varieties. JAPANESE TYPE. -Abundance, Berger, Botan, Yellow Fleshed Died Trees Trees from alive 1896 set to 1896. 1901. 1901. General condition of trees. Botan......... 8 7 1 Strong, vigorous, good growth. Berckmans. B3urbank ..... Blood No. 2 4 2 2 1 2 0 2 2 in good growing condition. Poor growth, trees dying. 3 .. 2 0 Blood No. 4. Chabot, Babcock. Baily, Hattankio, Munson, Yellow Japan ..... Making a good growth. 11 4 7 The few trees left are in good condition. Hale............ Kelsey ..... Kerr ............... Long Fruited. ....... 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 0 0 I 0 Very strong and vigorous. Tree in fair condition. Quite strong and vigorous. 1 1 2 Maru..............2 2 318 Notes on the General Condition~ the Orchard .- Cont'd. Died Trees Trees from set alive- 1896 1896. 1901. to 1901. 2 9 of Varieties. General condition of trees. Normand....... Orient... Red June, Red Nagate .... 2 0 0 Trees in good condition. 9 5 2 2 1 55 3 1 0 2 1 2 Strong and healthy trees. Last tree slowly dying. Satsuma........ Willard........ Yosebe......... Totals. AMERICAN TYPE. Hawkeye ...... Rockford.... ... Weaver...... .. . Wyant. Totals... WILD GOOSE TYPE. Charles Downing. . 0 In very good condition. 29 26 2 2 2 2 8 0 2 1 0 Making a struggle to live 0 2 7 1 Making good growth. N19 Varieties. Died Trees Trees from alive 1896 set to 1896. 1901. 1901. 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 0 0 General condition of trees. Milton........ Miner.......... President Wilder. Whitaker. Wild Goose. Wooten........ Totals .. WAYLAND TYPE. .Golden In good condition. 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 S Making good, strong growth. Making fair growth.' Growth very poor. Small growth. 6 Beauty. .. 2 2 4 0 Very strong and-vigorous. Last tree nearly dead. Wayland....... Totals.. CHICASAW TYPE. Emerson........ Lone Star.... Transparent ... 1 3 1 2 2 1 9 o Making o o a steady growth. Only a fair growth. Vigorous growth. 1 320 Notes on the General Condition of the Orchard.-Cont'd. General condition of trees. Varieties. Died Trees Trees from set alive 1896. 1901. to 1901. 1896 0 Totals.......5 HYBRID PLUMS Gold...... Excelsior ..... Wickson .'........ 5 2 ..... 2 2 o o 1 I r 1 Making good, strong growth. Vigorous and strong. Making very poor growth. I I