t 4 ;c -,, CONTENTS Description of Project Best-performing Peach Varieties 1 3 Flordaking Suzi Q Sunbrite Starlite Texstar Junegold Bicentennial 3 3 18 18 18 18 18 Magnolia Rio Grande Idlewild Brighton Flavorcrest Sam Houston La Felicianna La Pecher Sunland La Festival Best-performing Nectarine Varieties Armking Sunlite Carolina Red Karla Rose Roseprincess 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 First Printing 3M, August 1998 Information contained herein is available to allpersons without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin. PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE CULTIVARS IN THE GULF COAST AREA OF ALABAMA W.A. DOZIER, JR., R.C. EBEL, A.A. POWELL, NESBITT, N.R. MCDANIEL, AND A.W. CAYLOR, M.L. W.R. OKIE INTRODUCTION Peaches and nectarines are potentially valuable crops for the Gulf Coast area of Alabama. However, due to a low number of winter chilling units, many of the higher chilling cultivars grown in the central and northern areas of the state will not perform satisfactorily in this area. Selecting cultivars is one of the most crucial decisions a grower must make when establishing a peach or nectarine orchard. Planting cultivars not adapted to an area because of chilling requirements, lack of disease resistance, and otherwise poor tree and fruiting characteristics can be financially disastrous. The selected peach and nectarine cultivars must produce fruit consistently, and the fruit must develop adequate size and quality for market. The fruit must be firm and have attractive skin and flesh color, proper shape, acceptable flavor, and a low percentage of split pits. The cultivars must also have chilling requirements met consistently. Currently, only a limited number of cultivars have chilling requirements low enough for the Gulf Coast region and, therefore, are dependable producers. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Test plantings of peach and nectarine cultivars were established in 1979 and 1985 at the Gulf Coast Substation at Fairhope, Alabama. The soil was a Varina fine sandy loam soil with 2 to 5% slope. Before planting, the soil was tested on each orchard site to a depth of six inches. Lime and fertilizer were incorporated to a 12-inch Dozier is a professor, Ebel is an assistant professor, and Powell is a professor in the Auburn University Department of Horticulture; Caylor is superintendent of the North Alabama Horticultural Field Station; Nesbitt is an extension specialist in the Auburn University Department of Horticulture; McDaniel is superintendent of the Gulf Coast Substation; and Okie is research horticulturist of the USDA-ARS S. E. Fruit and Tree Nut Research Lab. 2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION depth with a moldboard plow, following initial site preparation by subsoiling and disc harrowing. A second soil test was performed and additional recommended lime and fertilizers were broadcast and disc harrowed. Nematicides were applied at recommended rates before planting of each test. Nemagon (dibromochloropropane, Shell Chemical Co.) was used in 1979, and Nemacur (ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-methyl ethyl) phosphoramidate, Bayer Corp.) was used in 1985. The trees were planted on a 20-foot x 20-foot spacing. Blocks of four trees of each cultivar were included in each planting. Recommended practices for fertility, insect and disease control, and orchard floor management were followed each year. The trees were not irrigated. Fruit were hand thinned to commercial standard spacing each season on cultivars with excess fruit load. Chill hour accumulation was calculated each year at the Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope, Alabama, and was based on number of hours between and including 32° to 45°F. Accumulation of chill hours started with the first 50 hours accumulated over 10 consecutive days. Total accumulation of chill hours was determined starting with the original 50 hours and ended on February 15 (Table 1). Weather data were not collected at the substation in 1981, and chill hours for that year represent an estimate from multiple observations. Chill hours for 1982 and 1983 were calculated from weather data collected at the substation. Chill hours were not calculated for 1984 to 1986 since there were no trees bearing fruit. Calculated chill hours for 1987 to 1995 were obtained from the National Weather Service, S.E. Agricultural Weather Service Center, Auburn, Alabama. These chill hours were based on a model using maximum and minimum temperatures at the site and not on actual recorded hourly temperatures. Based on S.E. TABLE 1. CHILL HOURS AT THE GULF COAST SUBSTATION, FAIRHOPE, AL' Winter season Chill hours Last spring freeze 1980-81 1981-83 1982-84 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 Averages 1980-842 1987-953 Overall 1 700 461 510 609 848 493 753 489 789 473 912 645 557 668 640 Feb. 13 Mar. 9 Feb. 9 Feb. 11 Mar. 15 Feb. 26 Jan. 14 Feb. 17 Feb. 10 Mar. 15 Feb. 15 Feb. 13 Feb. 21 Feb. 18 Feb. 19 Accumulation of chill hours started with the first 50 hours accumulated over 10 con- secutive days. Total accumulation of chill hours was determined starting with the original 50 hours and ended on February 15. 2 Average for the 1979 test planting. 3 Average for the 1985 test planting. PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE IN THE GULF COAST 3 Agricultural Weather Service Center data, the average chill hour accumulation for the nine-year period (1987 to 1995) was 668 hours, ranging from 461 to 912 hours. The average date of the last freeze was February 18 and ranged from January 14 to March 15 (Table 1). Collection of yield and fruit data began the third growing season for each test. Dates of full bloom and first harvest were recorded and fruit quality characteristics determined for each cultivar. Fruit skin color, fruit attractiveness, fruit firmness, and stone freeness were rated from 1 = poor to 10 = excellent. Pubescence was rated from 1 = excellent to 10 = poor. Flesh color was rated with y = yellow, w = white, and r = red. Dessert quality was rated with 1,2 = acid; 3,4 = sub-acid; and 5,6 = astringent. Fruit shape was rated with 2 = round, 3 = round to oval, and 4 = oval. Fruit weight and the percent fruit with split pits were obtained from 10 fruit randomly selected from the four-tree plot on each harvest date. Peaches were considered to have a split pit if a knife cut all the way through the pit from the suture line. Significant occurrence of malformed sutures and extended tips of fruit, typical defects related to insufficient chilling, were noted each year for each cultivar. All fruit were removed and weighed to determine total yield per tree. All cultivars in the 1979 planting were evaluated for three years (1981 to 1983), and results are presented in tables 2 to 7. All cultivars in the 1985 planting were evaluated for nine years (1987 to 1995), and results are presented in tables 8 to 13. Tables 8 and 9 show the years of crop loss due to spring frost/freeze and the years of insufficient chilling hours, based on tree growth and flowering in early spring. BEST-PERFORMING PEACH VARIETIES The following peach varieties performed best from a commercial production standpoint in the Gulf Coast Horticulture Substation tests. Only the best performing varieties in the 1985 test are discussed since the duration of the 1979 test was not sufficient to adequately select varieties based on performance. Performance was based on yield, fruit appearance, and fruit quality, and so that there was an overlap in harvest dates across the entire marketing season. For each cultivar, the pedigree is given in brackets followed by general comments. The cultivars are listed in order of average first harvest date. Flordaking [Fla.9-67 (= Fla. 16-61 x Junegold) x Early Amber with Fla. 16-61 = an open pollinated Fla.8B-27 (= Okinawa x Panamint)] was introduced in 1978 by the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, and is currently an important commercial variety in low chill areas in southern Georgia, northern Florida, and southern Alabama. Flordaking has non-showy flowers that open early. The fruit ripen about 51 to 56 days before Elberta, are large and round to oval with prominent sutures and tips when chilling is marginal, and have a light pubescence. The fruit skin has a yellow ground color with about a 60% red blush at full maturity. The fruit flesh is yellow clingstone with low firmness and sub-acid quality. The pits are very susceptible to splitting. The trees are moderately resistant to bacterial spot, and produce moderate to high yields. The chilling requirement is about 400 hours. Suzi Q [pedigree unknown but was found as an off-type tree in a Junegold block] was introduced in 1982 by Tracy Childers in Monetta, South Carolina. Suzi Q is an important commercial variety that is very similar to Springcrest. It has showy flowers. 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 2. BLOOM DATE, HARVEST DATE, AND YIELD OF PEACH CULTIVARS (1979 PLANTING) Yield (lbs./tree) Peach cv. Bloom date (1983) 3/17 3/11 3/08 3/23 3/23 3/27 3/20 Harvest date (1981-1983) 5/07-5/14 5/07-5/20 1981 1982 65 72 64 35 45 63 89 124 29 53 93 83 28 0 35 10 47 55 13 0 5 0 104 32 15 0 101 0 2 13 48 5 0 0 15 30 0 7 0 0 0 0 1983 65 80 72 70 0 93 0 114 123 177 193 65 38 33 66 8 57 61 8 23 89 36 122 194 114 2 90 0 130 64 129 135 7 71 102 134 11 134 0 0 65 32 Mean 56 63 60 45 23 60 45 100 61 104 125 65 46 16 60 11 60 54 16 21 54 28 91 98 51 10 80 6 69 37 88 67 17 49 60 91 20 73 23 8 44 27 Springtime YP71303-20 YP71303-9 Camden Armgold Springcrest Flordagold Bicentennial Junegold Juneprince Rio Grande Brighton Harvester Sweethaven Sentinel Bonanza II Vivid Harken Suwanee Topaz Cary Mac Harbrite Saturn Southland Wild Rose Cullinan Red Baron Jayhaven Winblo Canadian Harmony Summergold Loring Redkist Alired Elberta Havis Redskin Blake Marqueen Fay Elberta Golden Blush Sweet Sue White Hale Llvuwlrurlu I 37 38 5/07-5/20 5/07-5/25 5/10-5/14 5/10-5/25 5/10-6/01 5/17-6/02 5/20-6/06 43 31 25 26 48 63 30 3/06 3/18 3/27 4/04 3/30 4/01 4/02 3/15 3/26 3/25 3/10 3/25 4/01 4/02 3/25 4/01 4/01 3/27 3/26 4/02 3/28 3/25 3/29 4/06 3/27 3/25 3/28 4/01 3/27 5/27-6/16 5/31-6/20 5/31-6/27 5/31-6/30 82 90 48 71 15 6/01-6/16 6/04-6/04 80 16 6/04-6/16 6/04-6/29 6/04-6/30 6/07-7/07 6/08-6/30 78 47 27 38 70 49 6/11-6/27 6/11-6/30 6/13-6/30 6/13-7/05 6/15-7/05 6/15-7/05 6/21-7/11 6/22-6/22 6/22-7/07 6/25-7/07 6/28-7/11 6/29-7/07 48 67 25 27 50 18 75 34 87 61 44 7/06-7/18 7/09-7/2 1 7/12-7/21 76 63 109 7/12-7/25 7/13-7/28 7/19-805 7/20-7/20 7/23-7/23 7/3 1-8/09 8/03-8/25 JI uJ vrlJ rvu 48 79 70 23 68 50 v PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE IN THE GULF COAST TABLE 3. BLOOM DATE, HARVEST DATE, AND YIELD OF NECTARINE CULTIVARS 5 (1979 PLANTING) Yield (lbs./tree) Nectarine cv. Armking Sunlite Snow Queen 81-N Red King Pocahontas Stark Earliblaze Stark SunGlo Flavortop Red Chief Stark Redgold Fantasia Columbia Bloom date (1983) 3/20 3/27 4/06 4/02 4/01 4/04 4/01 3/28 4/01 4/01 4/01 4/07 Harvest date (1981-1983) 5/13-6/02 5/29-6/08 5/29-6/13 6/01-6/16 6/01-7/18 6/04-6/16 6/04-6/30 6/25-7/14 6/28-7/07 7/06-7/14 7/06-7/28 7/08-7/14 7/09-7/18 1981 35 95 42 22 30 23 20 4 76 44 39 19 61 1982 81 128 113 0 31 0 0 0 33 0 12 8 0 1983 114 110 32 109 34 34 28 120 89 96 87 51 Mean 76 111 89 18 57 19 18 11 77 44 49 38 38 0) TABLE 4. FRUIT QUALITY OF PEACH CULTIVARS 1 (1979 PLANTING,YEARS 1981-1983) Peach cv. Fruit size (in.) 2.40 1.89 2.11 2.50 2.35 2.26 2.19 2.73 2.50 2.74 2.40 2.50 2.80 2.75 2.44 2.27 2.77 2.56 2.40 2.20 2.77 2.51 2.40 Fruit shape Pubescence Skin color Eye appeal Fruit firmness 8.0 5.5 7.7 8.5 6.7 7.3 6.0 5.5 7.0 6.0 9.0 7.5 10.0 7.0 8.3 5.3 8.7 9.0 7.7 7.3 8.7 9.0 5.0 Stone freeness 9.5 1.0 2.7 9.5 2.3 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.7 5.5 10.0 2.0 10.0 1.5 1.3 4.0 9.7 8.0 1.7 1.5 7.7 9.7 7.0 Flesh color Dessert quality 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 3 5 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 % split pits 0 5 0 10 3 5 30 28 17 20 0 20 0 22 7 0 0 0 20 10 13 3 0 m Allred Elberta Armgold Bicentennial Blake Bonanza II Brighton Camden Canadian Harmony Cary Mac Cullinan Fay Elberta Flordagold Golden Blush Harbrite Harken Harvester Havis Jayhaven Junegold Juneprince Loring Marqueen Red Baron 'Mean of four trees. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6.0 4.5 5.7 4.5 4.3 4.7 3.3 4.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.3 6.0 4.3 4.0 6.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 8.0 6.5 6.3 5.5 6.0 6.3 9.0 7.5 6.7 7.0 8.0 8.5 2.0 4.0 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.0 7.3 6.7 7.0 5.3 3.3 5.0 4.5 7.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.5 7.3 6.5 9.0 9.0 8.0 5.0 7.3 7.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.7 9.0 5.0 5.0 y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y 0 z "o TABLE 4, CONTINUED. FRUIT QUALITY Fruit size (in.) 2.69 2.40 2.50 2.41 2.47 2.45 1.93 1.93 2.60 2.67 2.50 2.38 2.67 2.45 2.50 2.50 2.60 2.07 1.95 Fruit shape 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Pubescence 4.5 5.7 4.0 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.0 3.3 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.5 5.3 6.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 OF PEACH CULTIVARS 1 (1979 PLANTING,YEARS 1981-1983) Dessert quality 3 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 3 4 4 % split pits 0 0 10 3 20 22 20 17 3 7 0 10 10 10 3 3 0 27 10 m Peach cv. Redkist Redskin Rio Grande Saturn Sentinel Southland Springcrest Springtime Summergold Suwanee Sweet Sue Sweethaven Topaz Vivid White Hale Wild Rose Winblo YP 71303-20 YP 71303-9 'Mean of four trees. Skin color 6.0 4.7 3.7 2.0 7.0 5.0 7.7 7.0 7.0 6.7 7.0 5.5 7.0 5.7 5.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 7.7 Eye appeal 5.0 3.3 5.7 5.3 7.3 5.0 5.3 5.0 8.7 6.3 8.0 7.5 8.0 5.3 6.0 8.0 7.5 6.3 5.7 Fruit firmness 7.0 7.3 5.7 6.0 7.0 7.3 5.3 6.0 9.0 8.3 6.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 5.0 5.0 Stone freeness 9.5 10.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 6.3 1.0 1.0 9.0 5.7 6.0 2.0 1.0 2.7 9.5 6.0 5.5 1.0 1.0 Flesh color y y y y y y y w y y y y y y w w y y y m 0 - 0 z m Z -' m rO -I TABLE 5. FRUIT QUALITY OF NECTARINE CULTIVARS 1 (1979 PLANTING,YEARS 1981-1983) Nectarine cv. Armking Columbia Fantasia Flavortop Pocahontas Red Chief Red King Snow Queen Stark Earliblaze Stark Redgold Stark SunGlo Sunlite 'Mean of four trees. Fruit size (in.) 2.26 2.24 2.41 2.24 1.93 1.96 2.54 2.35 2.40 2.55 2.64 1.93 Fruit shape 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Pubescence 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Skin color 8.3 8.0 7.7 9.0 7.5 7.0 7.3 8.0 9.0 8.3 7.5 8.5 Eye appeal 9.7 6.0 6.7 8.0 7.0 5.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 7.7 7.5 8.0 Fruit firmness 7.0 5.0 8.3 8.5 2.0 5.5 9.3 8.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 8.0 Stone freeness 1.0 9.0 9.0 6.0 1.0 9.5 9.7 3.7 1.0 9.3 9.0 9.0 Flesh color y y y y y y y w y y y y Dessert quality 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % split pits 40 0 37 13 0 0 33 15 0 17 10 0 > 0 - "u PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE IN THE GULF COAST 9 TABLE 6. FREQUENCY OF SIGNIFICANT FRUIT MALFORMATIONS IN PEACH CULTIVARS (1979 PLANTING, YEARS 1981-1983) Peach cv. Slight extended tip 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 Long extended tip 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 Enlarged suture 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 Peach cv. Slight extended tip 2 0 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 3 1 1 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 3 Long Enextended larged tip suture 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 3 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 Allred Elberta Armgold Bicentennial Blake Bonanza II Brighton Camden Canadian Harmony Cary Mac Cullinan Fay Elberta Flordagold Golden Blush Harbrite Harken Harvester Havis Jayhaven Junegold Juneprince Loring Marqueen Red Baron Redkist Redskin Rio Grande Saturn Sentinel Southland Springcrest Springtime Summergold Suwanee Sweet Sue Sweethaven Topaz Vivid White Hale Wild Rose Winblo YP 71303-20 YP 71303-9 TABLE 7. FREQUENCY OF SIGNIFICANT FRUIT MALFORMATIONS IN NECTARINE CULTIVARS (1979 Enlarged suture 0 0 0 1 0 0 PLANTING, YEARS 1981-1983) EnLong extended larged suture tip 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 Nectarine cy. Armking Columbia Fantasia Flavortop Pocahontas Red Chief Slight extended tip 0 0 2 1 0 0 Long extended tip 2 0 0 0 0 0 Nectarine cv. Slight extended tip 0 0 0 1 0 0 Red King Snow Queen Stark Earliblaze Stark Redgold Stark SunGlo Sunlite 10 TABLE ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 8. CHILLING HOUR REQUIRMENTS, YEARS WITH MAJOR CROP YEARS WITH INSUFFICIENT CHILLING, AND FREQUENCY Loss, OF FRUIT MALFORMATIONS IN PEACH CULTIVARS (1985 Peach cv. Bicentennial Brighton BY4-7127 BY77-1573 BY78-1452 BY78-289 BY78-J39 Cherry Gold EarliGrande Earligal Empress Flavorcrest Flordagold Flordaking Goldcrest Idlewild Junegold La Feliciana La Festival La Pecher LaPremiere LaWhite Loring Magnolia Maygold Redskin Rio Grande Sam Houston Shepard's Beauty Springold Starlite 2 PLANTING, YEARS 1987-1995) Slight ex2 5 1 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 4 3 0 3 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 3 0 5 0 2 5 4 Long ex- Enlarged tended tip suture Chilling hour requirement' Crop loss years 2 Insufficient chilling years 3 tended tip 750 750 NA NA NA NA NA 550 275 NA 650 750 325 400 650 550 650 600 400-500 450 1050 650 800 650 650 750 450 500 650 850 650 90 87,88,89,91,93 87,90 90 88,89,93 87,88 90,93 90 89,90,91,95 89,90,91,93,95 89 89,90,91,95 90 87,88,89,91,93 89 89,90,91 -5 89,90,91 93 90 90 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 0 2 3 1 4 0 2 2 1 0 4 2 1 0 0 1 4 4 3 0 1 4 4 1 2 0 3 1 1 4 5 6 6 1 3 1 90 90 -4 6 'From: Okie, W.R. 1998. "Handbook of peach and nectarine varieties," USDA. Agr. Handbook 714. Due to spring frost/freezes. 3Based on early spring growth. PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE INTHE GULF COAST TABLE 11 8, CONTINUED. CHILLING HOUR REQUIRMENTS, YEARS WITH MAJOR CROP Loss, YEARS WITH INSUFFICIENT CHILLING, AND FREQUENCY OF FRUIT MALFORMATIONS IN PEACH CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING, YEARS 1987-1995) Peach cv. Sunbrite Sunland Sunprince Suzi Q Texstar Trisha Q White Hale Wild Rose Winblo 2 Chilling hour requirement' 750 750 800 650 450 NA 750 850 850 Crop loss years 2 Insufficient Slight exchilling years 3 tended tip 8 3 0 5 7 1 1 0 3 Long ex- Enlarged tended tip suture 2 3 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 4 2 0 6 1 2 0 2 90,91 90 89,90,91,95 89,90 89,90,91 'From: Okie, W.R. 1998. "Handbook of peach and nectarine varieties," USDA. Agr. Handbook 714 Due to spring frost/freezes. 3Based on early spring growth. TABLE 9. CHILLING HOUR REQUIRMENTS, YEARS WITH MAJOR CROP MALFORMATIONS IN NECTARINE CULTIVARS Loss, YEARS WITH INSUFFICIENT CHILLING, AND FREQUENCY OF FRUIT (1985 PLANTING, YEARS 1987-1995) Nectarine cv. Chilling hour requirement' Armking 600 Carolina Red 750-850 Crimson Gold 750 Durbin 850 Early Bird 650 Karla Rose 650-750 Mayfire 600-650 Redgold 850 Roseprincess 850 Summer Beaut 800 Sunfre 500 SunGlo 850 Sunlite 450 2 Due 3 Crop loss years2 90 Insufficient Slight exchilling years 3 tended tip 89 89 89,90,91,93 89,95 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 NA 0 0 1 1 Long ex- Enlarged tended tip suture 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 NA 0 0 1 1 90 93 89,90,91 89,90 89,91 90 89,90,95 'From: Okie, W.R. 1998. "Handbook of peach and nectarine varieties," USDA. Agr. Handbook 714 to spring frost/freezes. Based on early spring growth. TABLE 10. BLOOM DATE, HARVEST DATE, AND YIELD OF PEACH CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING) Yield Peach cv. Bloom date' 2/01-2/27 1/16-2/06 2/23-3/23 2/19-3/23 2/23-3/23 3/01-3/31 2/19-3/23 1/12-2/28 2/12-3/09 2/2-3/21 2/23-3/31 2/23-3/23 2/23-3/23 3/01-4/11 2/09-3/15 2/23-3/31 2/23-3/31 3/11-4/01 2/09-3/04 3/07-4/11 2/14-3/23 Harvest date 2 4/26-5/13 4/30-5/04 5/07-5/13 5/08-6/01 5/08-6/01 5/08-6/01 5/08-6/06 5/08-6/08 5/08-6/10 5/10-5/19 5/18-6/05 5/12-6/01 5/21-6/10 5/21-6/10 5/21-6/10 5/27-6/04 5/28-6/04 5/31-6/14 5/31-6/23 6/01-6/10 6/01-6/22 1987 1988 0 0 25 27 44 24 57 0 113 17 1 23 90 8 31 13 5 60 26 19 85 1989 10 0 7 54 52 16 93 0 183 10 17 32 84 55 19 0 8 0 85 0 23 1990 (lbs./tree) 19923 1993 1 0 0 143 85 47 174 0 5 1 9 74 144 75 4 65 42 17 0 63 79 1994 290 198 54 154 141 111 190 145 211 76 79 79 184 185 126 104 144 257 241 128 161 1995 Mean 1991 Flordaking EarliGrande Goldcrest Suzi Q Trisha Q Sunbright Starlite Flordagold Texstar Early Gal Springold Empress Junegold Bicentennial Cherry Gold Shepard's Beauty Magnolia BY78-289 Rio Grande Maygold Idlewild 1 0 0 16 17 24 13 19 8 52 0 0 28 27 32 3 15 33 32 14 14 8 103 108 0 5 0 18 66 61 91 0 0 0 32 12 0 0 0 27 28 0 0 133 0 0 89 83 91 91 47 180 13 14 51 145 11 35 17 64 7 116 28 113 469 429 65 213 245 209 282 310 466 148 131 164 298 342 392 188 250 408 325 260 350 132 63 0 118 82 83 157 169 191 24 13 42 153 148 182 35 81 50 103 78 36 126 89 19 91 84 68 125 82 166 32 29 55 128 96 88 48 70 95 105 65 95 C j - -I Range of blooming dates from 1987 to 1995.,_ 2 Range of harvest dates from 1987 to 1995. in1992. 3 Peaches thinned lightly Z TABLE 10, CONTINUED. BLOOM DATE, HARVEST DATE, AND YIELD OF PEACH CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING) -n Mean > Yield Peach cv. Bloom date' 3/01-3/31 3/16-4/08 3/01-4/05 3/13-4/01 2/23-3/23 2/12-3/13 3/16-3/28 2/12-3/23 3/01-3/31 2/12-3/09 3/07-3/24 3/16-3/31 3/09-3/28 3/16-3/30 3/01-4/11 3/09-4/01 3/22-4/15 3/16 Died lack of chill Harvest date 2 6/06-6/22 6/07-6/15 6/07-6/23 6/07-6/23 6/07-6/29 6/07-7/07 6/10 6/10-6/23 6/13-7/13 6/17-7/07 6/18-7/02 6/26-7/06 6/30-7/07 7/01-7/14 7/17-7/29 7/22-7/29 8/17 1987 1988 1989 1990 (lbs./tree) 19923 1993 1994 1995 1991 Brighton LaPremiere Flavorcrest LaWhite Sam Houston La Feliciana BY78-1452 La Pecher Sunland La Festival Wild Rose Winblo Loring BY78-J39 Sunprince Redskin White Hale BY78-1573 Goldilocks 45 0 22 23 45 25 0 16 58 24 17 51 42 10 44 23 0 0 0 45 0 43 21 101 53 0 148 85 99 5 9 0 20 21 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 42 62 0 30 10 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 6 5 4 8 0 0 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 0 41 24 55 92 0 92 80 61 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 306 71 411 352 264 324 48 378 445 323 65 94 81 209 128 154 0 0 0 76 0 92 90 140 87 0 55 86 53 15 1 17 2 32 41 8 0 0 154 120 260 209 125 180 0 178 229 150 132 204 86 210 130 162 56 69 0 55 0 172 80 79 112 0 126 85 45 21 20 10 0 12 7 0 0 0 83 22 116 89 95 105 5 114 121 91 30 42 26 50 41 43 7 8 0 0n - > z z m 1 z - m ') 77 0 ' Range of blooming dates from 1987 to 1995. 2 Range of harvest dates from 1987 to 1995. 3Peaches thinned lightly in 1992. 0) TABLE 11. BLOOM DATE, HARVEST DATE, AND YIELD OF NECTARINE CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING) Yield (lbs./tree) 19923 1993 1994 1995 Mean Nectarine cv. Bloom date' 2/14-3/23 2/19-3/23 2/07-3/10 3/09-4/11 2/16-3/31 3/20-4/01 3/07-3/21 3/07-4/01 3/07-3/31 3/02-4/05 3/18-3/28 3/11-4/01 3/16-3/30 Harvest date2 4/26-5/24 5/21-6/03 5/28-6/20 5/31-6/18 6/06-6/18 6/07-6/23 6/08-6/29 6/10-6/17 6/10-6/17 6/13-6/19 6/21-7/02 7/01-7/14 7/13-7/14 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Mayfire Armking Sunlite Carolina Red Sunfre Early Bird Karla Rose Crimson Gold Durbin Summer Beaut Roseprincess SunGlo Redgold 32 48 10 2 1 0 27 0 12 0 23 17 0 24 38 38 45 27 5 55 15 5 4 70 4 56 16 89 134 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 65 14 0 4 0 1 0 14 0 0 0 30 19 28 206 0 12 66 0 11 35 36 35 1 101 281 379 259 408 22 301 129 21 50 182 13 114 0 63 7 40 30 12 63 73 0 12 129 7 29 102 123 248 130 134 41 229 50 26 40 148 50 70 20 57 97 51 112 0 98 0 0 0 46 0 2 36 80 112 83 79 11 95 30 8 17 71 14 30 > > 0 C C ' Range of blooming dates from 1987 to 1995. 2 Range of harvest dates from 1987 to 1995. 3Nectarines thinned lightly in 1992.n r -1 -H- TABLE 12. FRUIT QUALITY OF PEACH CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING,YEARS 1987-1995) Peach cv. Bicentennial Brighton BY77-1573 BY78-1452 BY78-289 BY78-J39 Cherry Gold EarliGrande Early Gal Empress Flavorcrest Flordagold Flordaking Goldcrest Idlewild Junegold La Feliciana La Festival La Pecher LaPremiere LaWhite Loring Magnolia Fruit size Fruit shape (in.) 2.23 2.47 2.85 2.44 2.55 2.49 2.63 2.37 2.18 2.23 2.52 2.51 2.76 2.12 2.57 2.58 2.65 2.75 2.47 2.65 2.82 3.07 2.37 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 Pubescence 4.3 3.5 4.0 3.5 5.1 5.2 3.0 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.3 2.8 3.7 3.2 4.1 4.1 5.1 3.6 4.1 4.0 5.9 2.5 5.1 Skin color 6.8 7.1 7.0 9.0 6.9 4.8 5.1 4.3 9.1 9.3 8.6 8.7 5.5 9.2 6.0 6.9 5.4 6.9 6.7 5.5 7.4 4.8 8.1 Eye appeal 8.8 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.8 7.4 7.1 9.0 8.0 9.4 8.4 9.7 7.8 7.2 8.7 7.9 9.2 9.0 8.1 9.5 8.9 9.8 8.0 Fruit firmness 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 8.0 8.6 6.9 8.5 8.3 7.5 9.1 9.8 8.7 6.6 8.7 8.1 8.3 8.9 8.1 8.0 8.4 7.0 6.9 Stone freeness 1.4 9.6 10.0 1.0 2.1 9.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 2.9 7.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 5.6 1.0 9.8 9.8 6.4 10.0 4.4 10.0 3.5 Flesh color y y y y y y r y y y y y y y y y y y y y w y y Dessert quality 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 % split pits 1 10 0 10 41 0 74 53 75 18 8 18 80 68 9 62 0 1 13 0 20 20 11 z O o z m J_ m -' m 0 r0 O 01 TABLE 12, CONTINUED. FRUIT QUALITY OF PEACH CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING,YEARS 1987-1995) Dessert quality 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 % split pits 39 5 23 19 13 70 23 8 6 21 12 5 0 0 14 Peach cv. Fruit size (in.) 2.54 2.71 2.70 2.62 2.49 2.06 2.58 2.37 2.66 2.85 2.33 2.42 2.26 2.98 2.51 2.78 Fruit shape Pubescence Skin color Eye appeal Fruit firmness 9.1 7.8 8.9 9.0 6.7 6.9 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.7 5.9 9.0 Stone freeness 2.6 10.0 7.4 9.4 4.4 1.0 1.4 1.9 8.2 10.0 1.0 4.4 1.5 7.0 10.0 9.0 Flesh color Maygold Redskin Rio Grande Sam Houston Shepard's Beauty Springold Starlite Sunbrite Sunland Sunprince Suzi Q Texstar Trisha Q White Hale Wild Rose Winblo 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 4.6 3.0 5.4 3.2 5.7 5.1 4.9 3.2 4.9 4.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.3 3.0 3.8 7.7 3.8 6.7 8.1 6.6 8.9 6.2 8.9 7.1 4.8 8.8 5.9 9.1 3.7 4.6 6.0 8.3 6.5 7.3 8.0 7.1 8.1 6.2 9.4 8.9 9.0 9.1 8.6 9.4 6.3 7.7 9.4 y y y y y y y y y y y y y w w y E 0 C T rm -t "u TABLE 13. FRUIT QUALITY Fruit shape 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 OF NECTARINE CULTIVARS (1985 PLANTING,YEARS 1987-1995) Flesh color y y y y y w y y w y y y y Dessert quality 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 % split pits 69 15 5 5 4 31 49 18 10 35 33 3 3 Nectarine cv. Armking Carolina Red Crimson Gold Durbin Early Bird Karla Rose Mayfire Redgold Roseprincess Summer Beaut Sunfre SunGlo Sunlite Fruit size (in.) 2.48 2.13 2.28 2.29 2.23 2.44 2.20 2.68 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.85 2.25 Pubescence 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Skin color 8.1 9.3 9.8 9.0 10.0 8.4 9.3 8.0 7.9 8.8 8.7 6.3 8.3 Eye appeal 7.0 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.5 8.9 8.7 8.5 9.6 8.8 8.3 8.0 8.9 Fruit firmness 8.1 9.0 8.7 8.5 8.8 9.0 8.4 8.8 8.8 9.8 8.8 9.3 8.4 Stone freeness 1.0 2.6 5.3 3.0 5.5 7.6 1.0 9.3 7.7 8.3 4.3 10.0 9.6 z m 0 1 m - 0 _ m z -- i-1 -t 18 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION The fruit ripen about 51 days before Elberta, are round to slightly oval and very attractive with a heavy red blush and light pubescence. The flesh is yellow clingstone with medium to high firmness and sub-acid quality. The trees produce medium yields and are susceptible to bacterial leaf spot. The chilling requirement is about 650 hours. Sunbrite [FV7-873 (=FV131-48 x Coronet) x FV9-327 with FV9-327= FV13148 x Springtime and FV131-48 = Sunhigh x Southland] was selected at Fort Valley, Georgia, and introduced in 1976 by the USDA in Byron, Georgia. Sunbrite is a commercial variety that is one of the most popular early peaches in Georgia but not in Alabama because of bacterial spot. The flowers are non-showy, and the fruit ripen 49 days before Elberta. The fruit are round to oval with a prominent tip in most years and are very attractive with beautiful yellow ground color and about 75% red blush. The flesh is yellow clingstone with medium firmness and sub-acid quality. Ground color turns yellow while flesh is still firm. The trees produce light to moderate yields and are susceptible to bacterial leaf spot. The chilling requirement is about 750 hours. Starlite [FV89-14 = (FV15-48 x Fireglow) x Springtime withFV15-48= Fireglow x Hiley] was selected at Fort Valley, Georgia, and introduced in 1980 by the USDA in Byron, Georgia. Starlite is currently a commercial variety for local sales. The flowers are showy and the fruit ripen 55 days before Elberta. The fruit are round to slightly oval and attractive with moderate pubescence. The flesh is white clingstone with better than moderate firmness and good quality that is better than most early peach varieties. The pits are susceptible to splitting. The trees produce medium yields and are susceptible to bacterial leaf spot. The chilling requirement is 650 hours. Texstar [pedigree unknown] was introduced in 1984 by Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas. Texstar has showy flowers and the fruit ripen about 45 days before Elberta. The fruit are large and round to oval with an occasional extended tip and enlarged suture in Alabama orchards. The fruit skin has yellow ground color with very little red blush and a light pubescence. The flesh is yellow clingstone with moderate firmness and good quality. The trees set a heavy crop that must be thinned to produce large fruit. The trees are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 450 to 500 hours. Junegold [a cross of Flamingo x Springtime] was introduced in 1958 by Herbert C. Swim, Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California. Junegold is currently a commercial variety that has been sold as Red Glow, Red Gold, and Dixie Gold. Junegold is popular in Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama because of its large size and good color if not picked too early, but its production is declining in the Southeast due to marketing problems related to shape and split pits. The flowers are showy. The fruit ripen 47 days before Elberta, are large and round to oval with a prominent tip and suture in most years, have a light to moderate pubescence, and have about 60 to 70% red blush at full maturity. The flesh is yellow clingstone with moderate to high firmness and sub-acid quality. The pit is susceptible to shatter, reducing marketability. The trees produce moderate to heavy yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is 650 hours. Bicentennial [LaGold x Redglobe] was introduced in 1977 by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Calhoun, Louisiana. The variety is commercially grown and has showy flowers. The fruit ripen 51 days before Elberta, are round to PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE IN THE GULF COAST 19 oblong, with moderate pubescence and about 75% red color, but the ground color can be poor in some years. The flesh is a yellow clingstone that is firm but melts quickly on the tree and therefore must be picked with greener skin than most other varieties. The dessert quality is sub-acid, and the fruit produce very few split pits. The trees produce moderate yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 750 hours. Junegold and Bicentennial fruit ripen about the same time. Junegold has much higher split pits than Bicentennial whereas Bicentennial has smaller fruit and less yield. Magnolia [a mutation of the variety Coronet] was introduced in 1970 by William J. Wilson, Fort Valley, Georgia. Magnolia is no longer even a minor commercial variety and may not be available anymore. The flowers are non-showy. The fruit ripen 42 days before Elberta, are round to oval with a slight tip that is prominent in some years, and are attractive with a deep red blush and moderate pubescence. The flesh is yellow clingstone, moderately firm with excellent sub-acid quality. The trees produce a light to moderate crop and are susceptible to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 650 hours. Rio Grande [an open pollinated F2 of Blazing Gold x (Southland x Hawaiian)] was introduced in 1969 by the Peaches of Florida, Inc., Balm, Florida. Rio Grande is a commercial variety that has not been extensively tested. The flowers are showy. The fruit ripen about 25 days before Elberta, are large and round but have a big suture bulge in most years, and have 50 to 60 % red color over a dull yellow ground color and moderate pubescence. The flesh is yellow freestone, firm but melts quickly, and has sub-acid quality. The trees are highly susceptible to bacterial spot and produce moderate yields. The chilling requirement is 450 hours. Idlewild [La Feliciana open pollinated] was introduced in 1983 by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Calhoun, Louisiana. The flowers are non-showy. The fruit ripen 33 days before Elberta, tend to have green ground color with little red blush, and are round shaped with an occasionally large suture. The flesh is yellow semifreestone with occasional split pits, and has moderate to high firmness, and fair, subacid quality. The trees produce moderate yields and are resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is 550 hours. Brighton [Sunhigh x Redhaven] was introduced in 1972 by the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York. Brighton is currently a minor commercial variety. The flowers are non-showy and the fruit ripen 33 days before Elberta. The fruit are round to oval with a prominent tip, and are attractive with about 75% red blush and excellent ground color, which can be poor in some years. The flesh is yellow freestone with low to medium firmness that melts quickly and has fairly good, subacid quality. The trees produce moderate yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is 750 hours. Flavorcrest [P53-68 (= P110-47 x P109-89) x FV89-14 (= FV15-48 x Fireglow) where P110-47 = Kirkman Gem x Dripstone, P109-89 = Kirkman Gem x B27-3 (-J.H. Hale x Rio Oso Gem) and FV15-48 = Fireglow x Hiley] was introduced in 1974 by the USDA in Fresno, California. Flavorcrest is a major cultivar in California. The flowers are showy. The fruit ripen 33 days before Elberta, and are very attractive with high color, light to moderate pubescence, and round to oval shape. The flesh is yellow 20 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION freestone that is very firm and has good, sub-acid quality. The trees produce moderate yields but are very susceptible to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 750 hours. Sam Houston [July Elberta x F-13-23 (= Early Elberta x Floriberta)] was introduced in 1965 by Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas. The flowers are showy. The fruit ripen about 20 days before Elberta and are round to oval with large tips and sutures when chilling hours are below 700. The flesh is yellow freestone with very few split pits, low to medium firmness, and sub-acid flavor. The trees produce fair yields and are susceptible to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 500 hours. La Feliciana [L5-20-18 open pollinated = Dixigem open pollinated] was introduced in 1980 by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Calhoun, Louisiana. The flowers are non-showy. The variety is currently a minor commercial variety but is promising in moderate chill areas. The fruit ripen 14 days before Elberta, are large and round and have about a 75% red blush with moderate pubescence. The flesh is a yellow freestone that is moderately firm and has very few split pits. The trees produce moderate yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is 600 hours. La Pecher [La Feliciana open pollinated] was introduced in 1984 by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Calhoun, Louisiana. The flowers are non-showy. The fruit ripen 39 days before Elberta, and are very attractive with good color, moderate pubescence, and round shape. The flesh is yellow semi-freestone that is firm and has good, sub-acid quality. The trees produce high yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 450 hours. Sunland [FV323-12 (= FV177-28 open pollinated) x FV9-6345 (= Dixiland x Keystone) where FV177-28 = Newday x Southland] was introduced in 1980 by the USDA in Byron, Georgia. Sunland is currently a commercial variety that is similar to Harvester. The flowers are non-showy. The fruit ripen 23 days before Elberta, are round to oval, and are attractive with a nice 75% red blush. The flesh is a yellow clingstone that is firm and has good, sub-acid quality. The trees produce moderate to high yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is 750 hours. La Festival [La Feliciana open pollinated] was introduced in 1984 by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Calhoun, Louisiana. The flowers are non-showy. The fruit ripen about 20 days before Elberta, and are very attractive with good color, low to moderate pubescence, and round shape. The flesh is yellow freestone that is firm and has good, sub-acid quality. The trees produce high yields and are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 400 to 500 hours. BEST-PERFORMING NECTARINE VARIETIES Armking [(Palomar x Springtime) x (Palomar x Springtime)] was introduced in 1969 by David L. Armstrong, Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California, and is a minor variety in Georgia and Alabama commercial production areas. The flowers are non-showy and the fruit ripen about 70 days later or 48 days before Elberta. The fruit are round to oval with the tip and suture prominent in some years. The suture tends to soften before the rest of the fruit, and the rest of the fruit softens quickly at maturity. PERFORMANCE OF PEACH AND NECTARINE IN THE GULF COAST 21 The flesh has fair quality and is a yellow clingstone that often splits. The skin is moderately attractive with a green ground color and often russets. Fruit size and tree yields are moderate to high for an early nectarine. The trees are susceptible to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is 600 hours. Sunlite [Fla. 8B-27 (= Okinawa x Panamint) x NJN21 where NJN21 = Cardinal x NJ53939 (= Candoka x Flaming Gold)] was introduced in 1975 by the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Sunlite is a commercial variety. The flowers are showy. The fruit ripen 52 days before Elberta and are round with the tip or suture usually prominent. The fruit tend to be small so they must be thinned heavily, especially since fruit set is usually high. The skin has about 60% red blush over a bright yellow ground color at full maturity but occasionally russets. The flesh is yellow freestone that is firm and has high quality. The trees are highly resistant to bacterial spot. The trees tend to produce high yields because of high numbers of flower buds. The chilling requirement is 450 hours. Carolina Red [Nectared 4 self] was introduced in 1982 by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina. Carolina Red is a commercial variety that is better adapted to eastern conditions than most California nectarines. The fruit are round, attractive, and ripen 39 days before Elberta. The flesh is yellow clingstone, firm, and has fairly good quality high in acids. The trees produce moderate to high yields that require heavy thinning to attain size since they set a heavy cropload. The trees are moderately resistant to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is between 750 to 850 hours. Karla Rose [pedigree unknown] was introduced in 1975 by David L. Armstrong, Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California. Karla Rose is currently a minor variety in the Southeast because of susceptibility to russet and cracking. The flowers are nonshowy. The fruit ripen 42 days before Elberta, and are attractive, round to oval and often with a pronounced tip. The flesh is a white semi-clingstone that is somewhat susceptible to split pits. It is firm and has very good flavor. The trees produce moderate yields and are highly susceptible to bacterial spot. The chilling requirement is about 700 hours. Roseprincess [BY76N138 open pollinated (F100-62 (= Red King open pollinated))] was introduced in 1989 by the USDA in Byron, Georgia. Roseprincess is a recent variety that was formerly tested as BY80-384. The flowers are showy and white and open later than most nectarine varieties tested. Fruit set is usually high. The fruit ripen 21 days before Elberta, are round to slightly elongate, and are very attractive with a rose blush over an ivory ground color. The flesh is white freestone, firm and has good quality that is somewhat tart. The trees are moderately resistant to bacterial spot and produce medium yields. The chilling requirement is 850 hours. Alabama's Agricultural Experiment Station System AUBURN UNIXVLISITY With an act iultural teseatch unit it es etx tajttior soil jt e. Aahurn lUniksil s scewe the needlof fiel crop. livcstock, torestr. 1 I N ''P~l' tAS 4(~ AE 3 4 5i~sr 2 2reai and hrtiteUltil al prdcCrfs in each tegitot in Alahanta.A9 E\',~l citizenl of~the state~ has a stake inl this reseatrch Pt Ogt tm, 11 10 E 1rE"Ir ii6 iii~ rF _ 8 A1111 Er since9 nes I anv ads antace I va otf p1oduciine and a\ 13 - handling farm products deircti heneits the 0 Cons Wllin puli. 150.1 - 17 19 Research Unit Identification * ' Main Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn. E.V. Smith Research Center, Shorter. Tennessee Va ey Substation. Be l Mina Sand Mountain Substation. Crossville North A abama Hotticuttute Substat on. Culman Upper Coastal Plain Substatior Wintie d Fotestty Un t Fayette County Chilton Area Horticulture Substation Clanton Forestry Unit Coosa County P edmont Substat on, Camp Hill Foresty Unit. Autauga County Prattvil e Enperiment Finld Prattv Ile Hlack Belt Substat on Marion Junction The Turnipseed-Ikenoerty Place Union Springs Lower Coastal Plain Suostation, Camden Forestry Unit. Barbour Connty Monroeille Enperiment Field Monroeil e W regrass Substation Headiand Brewron Experiment Finld. Brewton Ornamenta Horticulture Substation Spring Hill Guf Coast Substation, Fairhope