ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AUBURN UNIVERSITY AUBURN UNIVERSITY, ALABAMA GALE A. BUCHANAN, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 534 JULY 1982

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CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES..............................3 INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS. .................................. THE ALABAMA MODEL. ....................................

5
9

Choice of Sectors.................................10
Secondary Data ...................................

12
14

Primary Data....... Input-Output Tables

........................ ................ ...............

18
21 23

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.................................. LITERATURE CITED ........ ................................ APPENDIX A: SECTOR DESCRIPTIONS........................... APPENDIX B: MAILOUT PACKAGES............................. APPENDIX C: RESPONSE RATES BY SECTORS AS A PERCENTAGE OF OUTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT................... APPENDIX D: INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES..........................

25
28 42
43

FIRST PRINTING

3M, July

1982

Information contained herein is available to all persons without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin.

AN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA'S ECONOMY: Understanding Forestry's Role
PETER TRENCHI, III and WARREN A. FLICK* INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

THE

FOREST ECONOMIES of Alabama and other southern states have expanded rapidly in recent years. The natural and human resources of the region are well suited to the needs of the forest industry, and these industries have grown to positions of economic leadership in many southern states. In Alabama, the forest industry now has the largest value added of any manufacturing industry, which is quite significant because value added is considered to be the best single indicator of an industry's economic contribution to a region (24)1. The forest industry's value added has grown at a compound annual rate of 11.6 percent since 1960, which shows forestry to be among the State's most rapidly growing major industries (6). Recently announced expansions indicate rapid growth will continue in future years. Such industrial growth is an interdependent process. Forest industries cannot undergo such growth without influencing and being influenced by the rest of the economy. The prospects for continued development of the forest industries depend heavily upon the availability of timber and other resources. In addition to increasing employment and income in forest industries, this development will cause added income and employment in other sectors of the State's economy. It will also increase tax revenues for Alabama's state and local governments. For this development to occur in an orderly and
*Research Assistant and Associate Professor, Department of Forestry. 'The value added of any firm or industry is the value of gross receipts less the cost of raw materials. It may be viewed as a fund out of which firms can pay wages, rents, interest, and taxes, all of which usually have local significance. It can also be viewed as any industry's contribution to the Nation's Gross National Product.

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

beneficial way, leaders in industry and government need basic information about the size, scope, and relative impact of forestry and forest industries. Although large amounts of data are compiled by public agencies, these data are not integrated to show the relationship between forestry and the overall economy of Alabama. In the absence of an integrating model or theory, they provide no basis for a systematic study of the contributions forest industries make and little basis for forecasts about the impacts of planned activities and policies. It was the objective of this study to describe, quantify, and relate the economic activity of forest industries in Alabama to the entire Alabama economy. The basic procedure was to build an input-output model of the State economy, then use the model to describe the role of the forest industries in the State. Input-output models of state economies are relatively rare in forestry because the necessary data are difficult and costly to obtain. Two traditional procedures are available for constructing such models. One involves preparing questionnaires and conducting interviews of a sample of businesses within a state. That procedure gives an excellent model, but it is very expensive. 2 A second procedure, used by foresters and general economists, is to estimate a state model by adjusting published national input-output models to correspond to the industrial structure in a state. Troutman and Porterfield (18) developed a small model for Arkansas, and Terfehr (17) developed a similar, though larger, model for Mississippi. This procedure gives results of uncertain value because it is impossible to assess the validity of the model without independent data. In the few cases where independent data were collected and used for comparison, substantial differencies were found between models derived from national data and those from independently gathered state data (3, 8, 15). The modeling problem is significant. Input-output models are surely useful, yet traditional procedures seem to present a choice between good models which are prohibitively expensive and unreliable models which are affordable. The model described here is an attempt to solve this problem by using
2 William Miernyk, who has conducted several inp ut-output studies, told the authors it would likely cost in excess of $1.5 million to duplicate his 1965 West Virginia Model.

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

low cost mail survey procedures to collect data about Alabama's mining and manufacturing industries. Other sectors were estimated from national input-output tables. The result is a hybrid model, less thorough than that of Loviscek et al. (11), yet consistent with that recommended by Czmanski and Malizia (3) and Richardson (14). The remainder of this report introduces input-output analysis and the methods used to build the Alabama model. The Alabama model is presented in detail, and it is used to reach conclusions about the development potential of forestry in Alabama. INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 3 Input-output analysis was developed by Wassily Leontief in the 1930's and it involves a general theory of production based on ideas of economic interdependence (9, 10). It is unique in its ability to simultaneously provide detailed estimates of specific interindustry transactions and information about the entire aggregate of economic activity. It has been used for a wide variety of purposes including but not limited to evaluations of alternative economic development programs, studies to determine the relative labor intensity of U.S. exports, evaluations of the economic effects of disarmament, studies of state, multicounty, and county economies, and studies of centralized administrative systems. The idea of economic interdependence among industries, governments, households, and people in other regions is given concreteness in a table of numbers called a flow table or transactions table. Such a table is illustrated in figure 1 where the industries of the economy are listed along the top and left margins. Each entry in the figure is simultaneously a sale from the industry at the left and a purchase by the industry at the top. These numbers, though hypothetical in figure 1, show the total value of all interindustry transactions in a year. For example, the lumber industry bought $4 million worth of agricultural output and sold $6 million worth of lumber products to agricultural businesses. When read down a column the numbers 'indicate purchases by the industry at the top. When read across a row, they indicate sales by the industry at the left.
3 For a more complete explanation of input-output analysis see Miernyk (12) and Elliot-Jones (5).

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ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Consuming or Purchasing Industries
03) Agriculture 0
, Agriculture ............ Lumber ................ o N Steel ..................

Lumber
7 6 0

Steel
4 2 5

Final demand
2 1 3 . . . . . . . . .

Total sales
25 29 15 82 45 91

o
0.

S Primary input .......... Total purchases ............

10 82

9 45

20 91

FIG. 1. Hypothetical transactions table for an economy ($Million, 1977).

As displayed in figure 1, the transactions data are simply a description of 1 year of economic life. By themselves, these data provide no predictive or analytical power. Such power comes from combining transactions data with a theory of economic behavior long familiar to businessmen. In this theory, the primary forces creating industrial activity in a region are final demands, measured as the purchases by "end users" of commodities and services. Businessmen invest, purchase raw materials, and produce because they perceive demands for their products. To produce and meet final demands, each industry must purchase raw materials and services from other industries, stimulating their production as well. When consumers demand more paper, the paper industry must purchase more wood, chemicals, and other inputs. These other industries then increase their purchases, stimulating still more economic activity. Some of the inputs purchased by industries are given special status-primary inputs. These are non-produced or exogenous inputs from relatively basic sources. Labor and government services are usually included in input-output theory as primary inputs. In the Alabama model, final demand has four parts: purchases by Alabama households, purchases by state and local governments, purchases by the federal government, and purchases by out-of-state households, businesses, and governments (exports). In the hypothetical numbers of figure 1, only the total final demands are illustrated ($29 million for lumber).

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

7

In the Alabama model, primary inputs are labor (purchased from households), government services (provided from taxes), and imports (purchased from outside Alabama). In figure 1, only the total primary inputs are illustrated, and lumber purchased $9 million of these. A basic accounting identity used in input-output analysis is that total sales must equal total purchases, that is, any industry spends its entire income in a year to meet production costs of that year. That identity usually requires that extra sectors be included in the model to account for profits, investment, depreciation, and inventory adjustments. In the Alabama model, an unallocated sector serves all these functions as well as providing a place for the adjustments required in balancing the model. These notions about demand, production requirements, and primary inputs can be further specified by constructing a set of simultaneous equations from the transactions data, then solving the equations in a way that yields a predictive model. Technical input coefficients (sometimes called direct input requirements) are defined as the value of inputs required per dollar's worth of output. Each industry's production technology can be represented as a column of coefficients, each coefficient defined as . aij = xij/X. (A) where:
aij = technical coefficient,
xij =

value of sales of sector ito sectorj where i and j go from 1 to n and n is the number of endogenous industries,

Xj = total output of sector j. The fundamental production equation for the input-output model states that any sector's total output must equal the sum of its sales to other industries plus sales to final demand. Algebraically, X = AX+ Y (B)

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

where:
X = n x 1 vector of total outputs,

A = n x n matrix of technical coefficients, Y = n x 1 vector of final demands, and n is the number of sectors in the model. The system of simultaneous equations can be solved for X to give,
X = (I-A)-lY (C)

which is the fundamental predictive equation of input-output analysis. The coefficients in the matrix (I-A)-1 are called interdependency or direct and indirect coefficients. If final demands (Y) can be forecast, then total outputs (X) can be predicted from equation (C), and individual flows can be predicted from equation (A). In other words, from expectations about final demand, the input-output equations can be used to compute an entire corresponding flow table constituting a very detailed yet comprehensive set of forecasts. One of the most useful features of the forecasts is that they incorporate the effects of interdependence among industries. From equation (B), each industry's output is a function of other industries' outputs, so when the system is solved simultaneously, the resulting forecasts are based on the industrial interdependence. Input-output models are frequently used to compute economic multipliers which are indices of an industry's impact on a state's economy. Two kinds of multipliers (called type I and type II) are calculated for three variables: output, income, and employment. Type I multipliers are computed from a model in which households are outside the industrial system. Households are part of final demand, so their purchases are independently determined by consumer preferences. Increased industrial activity does not automatically increase consumer spending in a type I input-output model. In a type II model, households become part of the industrial system, and their spending levels are linked to other industries. This means that as production increases, household incomes increase, and consumer spending increases, inducing still more production. Output multipliers show the total sales throughout all industries created by an additional dollar of final demand in any one

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

industry. They are computed by summing the columns of the interdependency coefficients. Since each column entry shows the change in one industry's output (sales) per dollar change in one final demand, the column sum is the total change in all industries per dollar change in one industry. Income (employment) multipliers show the change in household incomes (employment) that occur throughout the economy per unit income (employment) change in any one industry. They are computed by, n

I ahi rik Mk = i=1
ahk where, Mk = multiplier for sector k,

(D)

ahi = household technical coefficients for sector i, rik = ith interdependency coefficient for sector k, ahk = household technical coefficient for sector k. If the household technical coefficients ahi and ahk are stated in dollars of household income, income multipliers are calculated; if those coefficients are expressed as number of employees, employment multipliers are calculated. The numerator of the multiplier shows the income (employment) created in the entire economy by an extra dollar of final demand for the output of industry k.
THE ALABAMA MODEL

The Alabama model consists of 25 endogenous or processing sectors and five exogenous sectors. Of the 25 endogenous sectors, six represent forest product industries. Since these six sectors are specifically segregated according to different products and technologies, they allow more detailed examination of forest product industries. The other sectors provide a balanced representation of other industries in Alabama. The exogenous sectors represent various forms of final demand (including exports) and primary inputs (including imports). The base year of the model is 1977, and the data about 1977 transactions were collected in 1978 and 1979.

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ALABAMA

AGRICULTURAL

EXPERIMENT

STATION

All non-forestry sectors were specified to conform with the sectoring scheme used in the 1971, 82-sector national model published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (21). This was done to allow data for the non-manufacturing sectors to be aggregated from the 1971 model. These data were then adjusted, using location quotients, to represent the economic interactions of these sectors in Alabama. Data from a mail survey of the mining and manufacturing sectors were combined with these secondary data to complete the model. The completed model was then used to derive coefficients and multipliers representing Alabama's interindustry structure. Choice of Sectors 4 The choice of sectors was based upon industries using similar technological and material inputs to produce similar forms of output. Most of the sectors represent firms engaged in similar activities as indicated by their Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) two digit code number.5 Those manufacturing sectors not associated with forest industries were chosen on the basis of their relative size in Alabama as measured by four basic characteristics: the number of employees, payroll, value of shipments, and value added as reported in the 1972 Census of Manufacturers. Since different industries have different technologies, all four of these measures were necessary to determine the industry's relative size. Labor intensive industrial sectors such as "Textiles" will have a large number of employees relative to their value added and value of shipments. On the other hand, a very capital intensive industrial sector such as "Chemical" and "Allied" employs a small number of workers yet produces a significant portion of the value added in Alabama, thus making them an equally important component of the economy. Other sectors also represent significant portions of the State's employment or industrial output as measured by one or several of these census figures. One sector, designated "Miscellaneous Manufacturing," encompasses all industries not large enough to be classified individually. The size of this sector in terms of the four census statistics was very close to the averages of these four measures
For a list of sectors and sector definitions see Appendix A. The SIC system, developed and used in most federal statistical compilations, organizes industrial establishments by the "kind-of-activity" in which they are engaged. For more details see (13).
5 4

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

11

for all other manufacturing sectors. For example, average number of employees for manufacturing sectors (excluding the disproportionately small Forest Industries Sectors) was 27,000 while the number of employees for Miscellaneous Manufacturing was 27,600. Although this sector represents many industries with different technologies and input requirements, it was impractical to separate these industries since each one's individual contribution to the economy is relatively small. The forest products sectors, however, were chosen according to function rather than relative size. The "Logging Camps" sector serves the function of harvesting timber and providing it to sectors such as Sawmills and Planing Mills, Millwork and Plywood, or Paper and Allied Products. These sectors convert the raw material (harvested timber) into both intermediate and final goods. Some of these intermediate goods may be sold to other sectors such as "Furniture and Fixtures" where they are converted to final goods. One of the original sectors, "Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes," had to be merged with another sector, "Other Lumber and Wood Products," to avoid data problems resulting from low questionnaire responses from those sectors. Sectors for which census data were either unavailable or not comparable to manufacturing data were also chosen according to function. All services were combined to form a sector as were all finance, insurance, and real estate activities. Other sectors were also chosen using similar logic. While these sectors may be disproportionately large or small when judged on the basis of employment or economic activity, it was considered more important that they represent these different activities. Exogenous sectors comprising final demand and primary inputs were also chosen according to function. The "Household" sector in Primary Inputs represents wages, interest, dividends, and other payments to households. The corresponding Household sector in Final Demand represents purchases of output by households from each of the producing sectors. Similarly, the "State and Local Government" and "Federal Government" sectors of Primary Inputs represent direct and indirect taxes paid by the producing sectors. The State and Local Government and Federal Government sectors of Final Demand represent purchases and transfer payments

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ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

made by the "Government" sectors. The "Import" sector represents any inputs purchased outside of the Alabama economy while the "Export" sector indicates the amount of output sold to firms and consumers outside of Alabama. The "Unallocated" column in final demand represents inventory accumulation and goods for capital formation sold by the producing sectors. Finally, the "Unallocated" row in Primary Inputs represents the amount of total sales not directly allocated to the production process. This may consist of depreciation of capital equipment and other activities not accounted for by available data. Secondary Data The portion of the Alabama Model constructed from secondary data included those sectors for which a reliable directory or listing could not be found from which to draw samples. In addition, these sectors represent activities and processes which were judged to closely resemble their national counterparts. The sectors involved include the agriculture sectors, Construction, Trade, Services, Finance Insurance and Real Estate, Transportation and Warehousing, Communications and Utilities, State and Local Government, Federal Government, and Households. Data for those sectors endogenous to the model were derived by aggregating the 1971, 82-sector national input=output Model published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (21). Aggregation was accomplished using a computer program furnished by Wayne Curtis of Troy State University. 6 The program constructed a regionalized table in accordance with the specified sectoring scheme. Because Alabama is different from the whole U.S. economy, location quotients were used to modify the aggregated national direct requirements table to give a model which more closely describes the individuality of Alabama's economy. Sector outputs were then used to compute the regionalized transactions table. Employment Location Quotients were used for the following two reasons: (1) output pricing for the sectors under consideration was believed to vary on a regional basis, thus output location quotients would be biased by regional price differentials, (2) employment data for both Alabama and the nation were readily available for 1977. 7
6 7

Personal communication with Wayne Curtis, Troy, Alabama. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System.

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

13

The employment location quotient 8 is defined as:
LQi = xi/x

Xi/X
where:

x i = Alabama employment for sector i
x = total Alabama employment

Xi = national employment for sector i X = total national employment. Thus, the employment location quotient is the ratio of the relative regional importance of a sector to the relative national importance of that same sector. These quotients indicate whether imports or exports are necessary to supplement or absorb the output of a sector. If LQi>I, the regional production coefficient is assumed equal to the national coefficient. If LQi<l, local production is assumed to be inadequate to supply local needs, thus imports are necessary. In this case, the regional production coefficient is computed by multiplying LQi by the national production coefficient. Secondary data were also used to compute many of the primary inputs and final demands. The State and Local Government, Federal Government, and Household sectors of Final Demand were estimated from the 82-sector, 1967 National Model (21). Coefficients were derived indicating the pattern of purchases for these three sectors. The coefficients for State and Local Government were multiplied by total state expenditures 9 to derive flows or sales to State and Local Government from the other sectors. Total federal funds spent in Alabama in 197710 were multiplied by the coefficients for Federal Government purchases to obtain purchases from Alabama industries. Personal Consumption Expenditure coefficients were multiplied by total household income in Alabama
for 1977.11

Wages paid to households by each sector were taken from the Survey of Current Business as were transfer payments
a more detailed treatment of Location Quotients see Schaffer and Chu (14). Taken from U.S. Department of Commerce (22). 1oTaken from (27). 11U.S. Department of Commerce, "Personal Income by Major Sources," Survey of Current Business, table 34 (20).
9

"For

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ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

from the federal government and dividends, interest, and rent paid to households.12 The dividends, interest, and part of the rent received by households were allocated to the Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate flow to Households. The remainder of the rent was considered a flow from households to other households. Income taxes paid to the federal government were estimated by multiplying average profit margins in Business Week (16) by sector outputs and applying the corporate tax rate of 48 percent. These estimates were combined with survey data for those sectors surveyed. Payments to State and Local Government were estimated by combining the above method of computing income taxes with the estimates of indirect business taxes (including property tax) paid by each sector. l3

Primary Data
The manufacturing and mining sector flows were derived from primary data obtained from a survey using mail questionnaires. This provided specific data about the Alabama economy, the technologies of its various manufacturing sectors, and their import and export activities. These sectors engage in a much larger export activity than would be implied by location quotients. Similarly, they import more inputs than location quotients would account for. Thus, use of location quotients and national coefficients would tend to overstate the interindustry transactions in Alabama and understate both exports and imports. The choice of sectors to be surveyed was based upon assumptions about the level of import and export activity of a sector and the availability of an unbiased directory of firms within that sector. Sample firms were selected among those firms listed in the 1976 Alabama Directory of Mining and Manufacturing (1). All of the firms in a sector were first stratified according to size (as measured by employment) and then randomly sampled with a probability proportional to size. Sample size was limited to 1,000 due to costs of printing and mailing questionnaires. The questionnaire was constructed using one prepared by Frank Giarratani of the Regional Research Institute at West Virginia University as a guide. The Total Design Method as described by Dillman (4) was also followed in preparing and
12Ibid. 3 1 Personal communication, Don Eldridge, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

15

administering the questionnaire. The questionnaire was an attractively packaged 7" x 81/2" booklet consisting of two printed legal size (81/2" x 14") pages folded and stapled on the fold. This yielded an easily handled eight-page questionnaire. In addition to this questionnaire, the mailout package 4 included an individually signed and typed cover letter explaining the purpose of the study, a letter in support of the study signed by Governor George C. Wallace, an appendix describing the sectors of the model, and a business reply envelope for return of the questionnaire. The questionnaire' 5 used in this study begins with a set of fairly simple questions asking for total sales, products manufactured, employment, inventory, and planned expansions. The final two questions are more involved. One requests the respondent to indicate the distribution of sales (outputs) as a percentage of total sales. In addition to indicating what portion of total sales went to each of the other sectors, the respondent is also asked to give the percentage of sales to each sector going to firms in Alabama. This allowed the respondent to report that portion of his output exported from Alabama. A detailed set of instructions was included as a part of the question to alleviate confusion. The next two pages contained a question requesting information on the firm's purchases. This question was similar to the one on sales in terms of content and layout. The back cover contained blanks for the name and address of the respondent, a space to request a copy of the results, and a space for additional comments. The two principal questions about sales and purchases allowed independent estimates of much of the transactions matrix. Figure 2 illustrates the combinations of data sources used in the final stages of model construction. Asking firms where or to whom they sold their output is asking them to identify the transactions across a row of the matrix (sales data). Asking from whom they purchased their inputs is asking for the transactions down a column of the matrix (purchases data). If a particular cell in the matrix is between two surveyed sectors, say the sales from Paper and Allied to Chemicals, the paper firms estimate the flow when they respond to the question on sales, and chemical firms estimate it when they describe their purchases. For transactions that are sales from a surveyed sector to an unsur4 1 For a copy of the complete mailout package see Appendix B. 15See Appendix B.

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ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Sector # Agric. and Construe. Mining and Manufacturing Industries Service Industries Primary Inputs 1 2 4 3 5 20 21

1, 2, 4 SD

3, 5-20 P,SD P,S,

21-25 SD SD

S SD SD SD 25 SD P, SD PSD

S SD SD

S SD SD

SD

S = sales data (from question #9 of questionnaire) P = purchases data (from question #10 of questionnaire) SD = secondary data (from mostly federal source) FIG. 2. Data source key for 1977 transactions matrix.

veyed sector, say from Paper and Allied to Services, only sales data are available (plus secondary data). For transactions that are sales from unsurveyed sectors to surveyed sectors, say from Communications and Utilities to Sawmills, only purchases data are available (plus secondary data). The two questions combined allowed multiple estimates of a large portion of the transactions matrix. The response rate to this questionnaire varied by sector. Of the 947 establishments in the final sample, 163 produced useable questionnaires. Response rate was measured both as percentage of sector output represented by respondents and as percentage of sector employment represented by respondents.' 6 Firms producing 11.4 percent of all mining and manufacturing output were accounted for by the survey. This ranged from a low of .9 percent to a high of 39.8 percent for individual sectors. Respondents also accounted for 10.1 percent of all mining and manufacturing employment with a range of 1.3 percent to 36.8 percent by sector. These response rates, while deemed adequate, were not as good as those obtained in the recent West Virginia Study (11) where a mail survey produced an overall response rate of 36.9 percent of manufacturing employment. There appears to be only two differences between the research described here and that in West Virginia. First, the Regional Research Institute at
6 1 For a list of response rates by sector see Appendix C.

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

17

the University of West Virginia is better known in West Virginia than the forestry department research group at Auburn is known in Alabama. Second, there were some differences in the conduct of the two surveys. The West Virginia team began their survey by sending letters asking selected firms if they would participate in the effort. A postcard was enclosed for the firm's response. They continued sending requests until they received a "satisfactory" response rate. Only after a firm agreed to participate was a questionnaire sent. The questionnaire used in West Virginia was not constructed around the total design method. Instead, it was a set of mimeographed legal size pages. From the data collected in both studies and from phone conversations and visits to West Virginia, it is not clear if or to what extent the differences described above account for the discrepancies in response rates. Completed questionnaires were checked for accuracy, and the respondent was recontacted by phone if any answers were unclear. Once all completed questionnaires were received, the responses to each question were recorded by sector. For the question on sales (question #9), the answers (given in percentage of total sales) were adjusted by the'amount sold to users in Alabama. The remainder was accumulated and recorded as exports. An inventory change coefficient was computed from the question on closing inventories (question #5). A set of coefficients that summed to one (or 100 percent of total sales) was the result. Average coefficients for each sector were then computed by weighting each firm's coefficients by that firm's total sales and a code number representing the reliability of the firm's response, 17 summing across all the respondents, and then dividing by the quality code weighted sum of all respondent's sales for that sector. This put the coefficients back on a percentage of total sales (output) basis. Information on purchases was also reported as a percentage of total sales. The computations were similar to those described for the sales information, with one exception. Purchases designated as passing through a wholesaler were reduced by trade margins obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.' 8 The amount subtracted from these pur' 7 Reliability weights ranged from one to four with four representing the "most" reliable data and one representing the "least" reliable data. The weights were assigned on the basis of subjective judgement by the individuals involved in the research project. 8 1 Personal communication, Phil Ritz, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

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ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

chases was accumulated as a purchase from the "Trade" sector. An additional sector, designated Unallocated, represented that portion of total sales not allocated to any purchase. The purchases coefficients were weighted by total sales and quality codes in the same manner as the sales coefficients to obtain an average for that sector. At this point in the computations, several of the sectors were merged with similar sectors to avoid possible disclosure of confidential information. Some sectors were also merged to avoid computational difficulties associated with maintaining them separately. The purchases and sales information were combined with the aggregated national model and other secondary data to form the unbalanced flow table. Each separate estimate of a flow was assigned a weight for each cell in the flow table, and a mean flow was computed. For most cells covered by both purchases and sales data, the secondary data were assigned a weight of zero. Where neither purchases nor sales data were available, secondary data alone were used. The flow table was then balanced so column and row totals equaled the necessary total outputs. The balancing consisted of reducing flows for rows and columns whose sums were greater than the necessary totals and increasing flows for rows and columns whose sums were less than the necessary totals. Adjustments were also made where a priori knowledge indicated a flow was incorrect. Since the primary data portion of the model was considered to be a more accurate representation of Alabama's economy, most of the adjustment occurred in the secondary data and exogenous portions of the model. The final balancing adjustments in input-output modeling are, of necessity, somewhat ad hoc. They require judgements by the research team about which numbers should be increased and decreased. In all these final adjustments, special efforts were made to preserve the integrity of the survey-derived data. Input-Output Tables The results of the modeling effort are shown in a series of input-output tables in Appendix D. Table 1 is the flow or transactions table for Alabama which corresponds to figure 1 described earlier. Transactions are recorded in millions of dollars, so, for example, Paper and Allied (column 13) purchased $109.4 million worth of output from Logging Camps (row 8). Most of those purchases were

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

19

presumably for pulpwood. Logging Camps also sold a large portion of their output as sawlogs as indicated by the transaction from Logging Camps (row 8) to Sawmills (column 9) of $61.9 million. One entry to the Federal Government column may cause confusion since it is a negative flow. This negative flow represents that portion of transfer payments (entered as "purchase" from households by the Federal Government) not allocated to Alabama by the Community Services Administration (27). It was derived as a residual and included in the unallocated row so that total federal expenditures (Federal Government column total) in Alabama matched the figure reported by the Community Services Administration. Table 2 shows the technical or direct input coefficients computed from table I according to equation (A) (page 7). Each coefficient in a column shows the proportion of its total sales (or total purchases, since sales and purchases are equal in a balanced model) which were purchased from the industry in the corresponding row. For example, Pulp and Paper purchased 0.02619 of its total sales value from construction, presumably for various types of annual maintenance expenditures. Pulp and Paper purchased more than 37 percent of its total purchases from other Alabama industries and 16.8 percent of its purchases from households. The endogenous total purchases are important because they indicate the degree of reliance each sector has on other industries in the State, and they turn out to be important determinants of each industry's multipliers. In general, the forest products industries make a larger proportion of their purchases from other Alabama businesses than most other manufacturing industries. Table 3 shows the direct and indirect coefficients which constitute the (I-A)-1 matrix of equations (3). Each coefficient shows the change in total output (sales) of the industry listed at the left that results from a dollar change in final demand for the products of the industry at the top. Reading down a column, then, one sees how each industry's sales are affected by the demands for a particular product. Column 9, for example, shows the impact of new demands for wood products on the economy. The other industries most affected are Other Agriculture, Logging Camps, Chemical and Allied, Machinery and Electrical, Transportation Equipment, Miscellaneous Manufacturing, and the last five service sectors of the econ-

20

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

omy. The demand for lumber does not appreciably affect the construction industry (column 9, row 4), but demands for construction do affect the wood products industry (column 4, row 9). The column sums at the bottom of the table show the total change in sales among all industries of the economy that results from an extra dollar of final demand. These figures are the type I output multipliers referred to earlier. The output multipliers of the forestry-related sector average 1.52 while the average for other manufacturing industries is 1.27. In general, the forest industries stimulate Alabama's economy more than do other manufacturing industries. Tables 4 and 5, entitled Direct and Indirect Response tables, show the information used to compute the numerators of type I income and employment multipliers as described in equation (D). In table 4, since each entry is the product of an interdependency coefficient and a household income coefficient, each shows the change in household incomes of people employed by the industry at the left for each dollar change in demand for the products of the industry at the top. Each column, then, shows how the demand for that industry's output affects household incomes of people employed by other Alabama industries. Each row shows how households employed by any industry are affected by the demands for the products of the various column industries. The column sums are the numerators of the income multipliers of the various industries. The entries in table 5 are exactly analogous to those in table 4 except they show expected changes in employment. If one wants to learn how expansions in the demand for any one industry will affect employment in other industries, he reads the numbers in the appropriate column. If information is needed about how employment in one industry is affected by expansions in others, the appropriate row in table 5 must be consulted. The employment data used to compute the employment technical coefficients of equation (4) are shown at the end of Appendix D in table 11. Table 6 presents the three type I multipliers for each industry in Alabama. Tables 7-10 in Appendix D present information relevant to the type II input-output model where households are treated as an endogenous sector. Having households endogenous does not alter the transactions matrix or the direct coefficients, but it does increase the size of equation system (B) and there-

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

21

fore changes the solution values of the (I-A)- 1 matrix in equation (C). The title of the new interdependency matrix shown in table 7 reflects the fact that those estimates include not only the direct and indirect effects that industries have on one another, but also the effects induced by the added consumer spending from extra household incomes. Tables 8 and 9 are type II analogues to tables 4 and 5, showing income and employment responses to change in final demands. Table 10 shows type II multipliers derived from the other tables according to equation (D). SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The input-output model described in this report has many potential uses. It can help forecast the statewide effects of change in any of Alabama's major industries, and it can give the effects on an industry by industry basis. For example, Bowers (2) used the model to forecast the effect of three recent expansions in the pulp and paper industry. The estimated increase in annual demand for pulp and paper was $322 million, and this is expected to stimulate additional sales in other industries of $490 million, additional household incomes throughout Alabama of $167 million annually, and an added 10,700 jobs (type II estimates). As an additional contribution, tax receipts to State and Local Governments will increase by about $29 million annually. One special feature of this input-output model is the combination of primary survey data and published federal data. The hypothesis underlying this approach is that a state economy can attribute most of its distinctiveness to its manufacturing enterprises. Flick, Trenchi, and Bowers (7) used location quotient data and the work of other input-output studies to support that hypothesis. The advantages of such a hybrid model are several (7). It is possible to get consistent estimates of taxes paid to two categories of governments, which is impossible in models based solely on the national model. Survey data provide estimates of exports and imports which are also unobtainable from the national model. Survey data determine the ratio of endogenous to exogenous purchases which improves the accuracy of multiplier estimates.

22

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

In general, the Alabama model helps establish that carefully constructed mail surveys can be used to build input-output models for recent years at reasonable costs. In regions where the relative contributions of forestry and forest products are changing rapidly as in Alabama, such models help provide a firm analytical base for public and private policy initiatives. In Alabama, the results of this study confirm what many foresters have known intuitively-that the forest industries make a large contribution to the State. The multipliers of the forest industries are consistently larger than those of other manufacturing industries. "This means Alabama will have larger increases in business activity, household incomes, and employment from expansions in the forest industries than from comparable expansions in other manufacturing industries. For a state with traditional emphasis on textiles and primary metals, this is important news." (7).

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

23

LITERATURE CITED

(1)

ALABAMA DEVELOPMENT OFFICE. 1976. 1976 Alabama Directory of Min-

ing and Manufacturing. (2) BOWERS, JOHN R. 1979. The Alabama Forest Industries: Their Contributions to the State's Economy. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Department of Forestry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. (3) CZAMANSKI, S. AND E. E. MALIZIA. 1969. Applicability and Limitations in the Use of National Input-output Tables for Regional Studies. Reg. Sci. Assoc. Pap. and Proc., Vol. 23. (4) DILLMAN, DON A. 1978. Mail and Telephone Surveys, The Total Design Method. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. (5) ELLIOTT-JONES, M. F. 1971. Input-output Analysis: A Non-technical Description. The Conference Board. New York, New York.
(6) FLICK, WARREN A. AND JOHN R. BOWERS. 1980. Alabama Forestry is

South's Growth Leader. Alabama Forests 23(1):5-8.

(7) (8)

, PETER TRENCHI III, AND JOHN R. BOWERS. 1980. Re-

(9)
(10)

(11)
(12) (13)

gional Analysis of Forest Industries: Input-output Methods. Forest Science 26(4):548-560. GALLAGHER, C. J. 1975. A Statistical Comparison of Regional Inputoutput Tables. Atl. Econ. J. 3(1):61. LEONTIEF, WASSILY. 1941, 1951. The Structure of the American Economy, 1919-1939. White Plains, New York. International Arts and Sciences Press, Inc. , AND OTHERS. 1953. Studies in the Structure of the American Economy. White Plains, New York. International Arts and Science Press.
LOVISCEK, A. L., R. E. HOLLIDAY, L. A. ROBINSON, AND M. A. WOLFORD.

1979. The 1975 West Virginia Input-output Study. West Virginia University Foundation, Morgantown, West Virginia. MIERNYK, W. H. 1965. The Elements of Input-output Analysis. Ran-

dom House, New York, New York. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET. 1972. Standard Industrial Classifi-

(14)
(15) (16)

cation Manual 1972.
RICHARDSON, H. W. 1972. Input-output and Regional Economics.

John

Wiley and Sons, New York. 1969. Nonsurvey Techniques for Constructing Regional Interindustry Models. Papers of the Regional Science Association, Vol. XXIII.
SCHAFFER, W. A. AND KONG CHU. SURVEY OF CORPORATE PERFORMANCE.

1977. Business Week Industrial

Edition No. 2496. (17) TERFEHR, T. R. 1976. The Economic Contribution of Forestry to Mississippi: An Application of Input-output Analysis. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Mississippi State University. (18) TROUTMAN, F. H. AND R. L. PORTERFIELD. 1974. The Role of Arkansas' Forests in the State's Economy. Industrial Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas. Pub. D-16. Little Rock, Arkansas. (19) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. 1974. Survey of Current Business, Vol. 54, No. 2.

(20)

.1978. Survey of Current Business, Vol. 58, No. 10.

24

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

(21)

. 1977. Input-output Table of the U. S. Economy, 1971. BEA Staff Paper No. 28. (22) . 1978. Governmental Finances in 1976-1977. (23) . 1974. 1972 Census of Manufacturers: Area Statistics, Alabama. (24) . 1980. 1977 Census of Manufacturers, Geographic Area Series: Alabama. Washington, D.C. (25) . 1976. Annual Survey of Manufacturers, 1974: Area Statistics. (26) . 1978. Annual Survey of Manufacturers, 1976: Area Statistics. (27) , COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION. Geographic Distribution of Federal Funds in Alabama, Fiscal Year 1977.

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

25

APPENDIX A Sector Descriptions DESCRIPTION OF ALABAMA INDUSTRIAL GROUPS* 01 Livestock-(SIC 013 0198) Farms producing primarily dairy farm products, poultry, meat animals, and miscellaneous livestock products. 02 Other agriculture-(SIC 011, 012, pt. 014, 0192,074,pt. 08, 09)-Any farm producing primarily products not classified in sector one. Also includes greenhouse and nursery products, forestry and fisheries products, and hunting. 03 Mining-(SIC 10-14)-All mineral extraction including coal, iron ore, oil and gas, stone, sand, gravel, and clay. 04 Construction--(SIC 15-17)-All construction including maintenance and repair construction. 05 Food and kindred-(SIC 20)-Firms manufacturing or processing food and beverages for human consumption, and certain related products, such as manufactured ice, chewing gum, vegetable and animal fats and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and fowls. 06 Textiles-(SIC 22 (exc 225))-Firms engaged in manufacturing yarn thread, etc., woven fabric, dyeing and finishing, coating and waterproofing of fabric, and manufacture of felt goods, and miscellaneous textiles. Excludes knitting mills. 07 Apparel-(SIC 225 23)-Knitting mills, establishments producing clothing and fabricating products by cutting and sewing purchased woven or knit textile fabrics such as leather, furs, and rubberized fabrics. 08 Logging camps-(SIC 2411)-Firms engaged in cutting timber and in producing rough, round, hewn, or riven primary forest or wood-raw materials. Excluded are logging and woods operations conducted in combination with sawmills, pulpmills, or other converting establishments. 09 Sawmills-(SIC 242)-Firms engaged in sawing rough lumber and timber, planing mills combined with sawmills and planing mills engaged in producing surfaced lumber and standard workings or patterns of lumber. Also includes hardwood dimension and flooring mills. 10 Millwork and plywood-(SIC 243)-Firms primarily enaged in manufacturing fabricated millwork, wood cabinets hardwood veneer and plywood softwood veneer and plywood, and structural wood members of laminated or fabricated trusses, arches, and other structural members. 11 Other wood products-(SIC 24 (exc 241,242,243))-Firms manufacturing mobile homes, prefabricated wood buildings,

26

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

sections and panels, wooden containers, particleboard wood preserving, and those firms, engaged in turning and sfaping wood and manufacturing miscellaneous woodproducts not elsewhere classified. 12 Furniture and fixtures-(SIC 25)-Firms manufacturing household, office, public building, and restaurant furniture and office and store fixtures. Does not include millwork and cabinets as described in sector 10. 13 Paper and allied-(SIC 26)-Firms primarily engaged in manufacturing: (1) pulp from wood or other materials; (2) paper, paperboard and building board from wood pulp and their fibrous materials; (3) converted paper and paperboard products such as envelopes, bags sanitary paper, and stationery; (4) paperboard containers and boxes including corrugated boxes and sanitary food containers. 14 Chemical and allied-(SIC 28)-Firms producing basic chemicals and firms manufacturing products by predominantly chemical processes. Products include acids, alkalines, salts, organic chemicals, synthetic fibers, pigments, drugs, soaps, paints, and fertilizers. 15 Rubber and plastics-(SIC 30)-Firms manufacturing rubber products such as tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods, hoses and belting, and rubber sundries. Does not include establishments primarily engaged in recapping. Also includes firms engaged in molding primary plastics. 16 Primary metals-(SIC 33)-Firms engaged in the smelting and refining of ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap, also in the rolling, drawing, alloying, and casting of these metals. Includes manufacture of nails, spikes, and insulated wire and cable. 17 Fabricated metals-(SIC 34)-Firms engaged in fabricating ferrous and nonferrous metal products except machinery, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware. 18 Machinery and electric-(SIC 35, 36)-Firms engaged in manufacturing machinery and equipment other than transportation equipment. Machines powered by built-in or detachable motors are included as are powered portable tools, office machines, and machines for generation, storage, transmission, transformation, and utilization of electrical energy. 19 Transportation equip.-(SIC 37)-Firms engaged in manufacturing equipment or transportation of passengers and cargo by land, air, and water. 20 Miscellaneous manufacturing-(SIC 21, 27, 29 31, 32 38 39)-Manufacturing firms not elsewhere classified. Included are tobacco manutacturin , printing, publishing and allied, petroleum refining and related industries, leather and leather

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

27

products, stone, clay, glass and concrete products, scientific instruments, photographic and optical goods, watches, clocks, and other miscellaneous industries. 21 Wholesale and retail-(SIC 50-59)-All firms engaged in wholesale and retail trade both for industrial and personal consumption and use. 22 Services (SIC 70, 72, 73 (exc 7396), 75, 76, 78-82, 84, 89, 07, pt. 08)-Commercial and institutional establishments engaged in furnishing lodging or camping facilities on a fee basis, establishments primarily engaged in providing services involving the care of the person or his apparel such as laundries and barber shops, automobile services and repair, miscellaneous repair services, and all motion picture and amusement establishments. Also, firms primarily engaged in rendering services to business establishments on a fee or contract basis, medical, surgical and other health services, legal services, educational services, non-commercial museums and art galleries, miscellaneous services such as surveyors, architects, accountants, agricultural services, forestry services, nurseries, and management. 23 Finance, insurance, real estate-(SIC 60-67)-Firms operating primarily in the fields of finance, insurance, and real estate, including banks, credit agencies, brokers, and insurance agents. Real estate includes owners, lessors, lessees, buyers, sellers, agents, and developers. 24 Transportation-(SIC 40-42, 44-47)-All forms oftransportation including railroads, local and interstate passenger transport, motor freight (trucking) transport and warehousing, water and air transportation, and transportation services. 25 Comm. and utilities-(SIC 48, 49)-Firms furnishing point-to-point communication services, and those firms engaged in the generation, transmission, and/or distribution of electricity or gas or steam, provision of water and irrigation systems, and disposal of garbage, sewage, and other waste. *SIC is Standard Industrial Classification.

28

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

APPENDIX B Mailout Package

STATE

OF

ALABAMA

GOVERNOR'S OFFICE MONTGOMERY

In Support of a Study on The Structure of Alabama's Economy

The study on the Structure of Alabama's Economy being done at Auburn promises to provide useful results for many people in industry and government. The study was initiated by people in the forest industries who plan to use it in conjunction with anticipated expansions, but the results will have general appeal and usefulness. The purpose of the work is to compile data and describe procedures for forecasting the statewide benefits associated with continued economic expansion. As we all know, our State economy is strong, diversified, and capable of providing many future opportunities for our people. The prompt response of all those firms asked to participate is vital to the success of the study. Because such detailed statistical data are costly to acquire by conventional interviews, the research team at Auburn is trying to assemble necessary information by mail. I would like to take this opportunity to ask your support in this important work. Since only a small percentage of all the business establishments in the State have been asked to cooperate, each response becomes especially important. We can all look forward to the results. They will be useful to industries planning to locate in Alabama, to industries already here but thinking of expansion, and to State and local government agencies who regularly prepare economic forecasts. Sincerely,

George C. Wallace Governor GCW/bb

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

29

Auburn University
Auburn University, Alabama 36849 Department ofForestry 108 White Smith Hall School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Sciences Agricultural Experiment Station August 17, 1978
Telephone (205)826-4050 ACTS: 4050 923

Gentlemen: Alabama's economy is developing rapidly, and many people in industry and government can use reliable, factual knowledge about the structure of our State economy. Such information, in the form of input-output model, is used by people in industry and government to make forecasts of industrial expansions and analyses of changes in employment and income. The basis of this work is a carefully selected random sample of industrial establishments in Alabama. Your firm is one of the small number which is being asked to provide data. The data requested are about your establishment's sales and purchases, so whoever completes the questionnaire will need to be familiar with those aspects of your operations. If our results are to be truly representative of Alabama, it is important that each selected firm cooperate. In this regard we have sought and received Governor Wallace's endorsement of this work. You may be assured of complete confidentiality. The information you provide will be combined with the responses of other firms to find averages for your industry. Your name and address will be used only to check your name from our mailing list and perhaps to recontact you in the event we have a question about your answers. The results of our research will be made available to oft icials in government and industry. You may receive a copy of the results by answering YES on the back of the questionnaire. I will be most happy to answer the questions you might have. or call collect. The numer id (205) 826-4050. Thank you for your help. Sincerely, Please write

Warren A. Flick Project Director WAF/ac Enclosures

A

LAND-GRANT

UNIVERSITY

30

30 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

A questionnaire about your establishment's sales and purchases was mailed to you last week. If you have already completed and returned it to us, please accept our sincere thanks. If not, please do so today. The results of this study will be useful over many Since relatively few firms are selected and =any have already
responded each remaining

years.

fir=

takes on added importance.

If you have questions about filling out the questionnaire, please let us know. One of us on the project can help you make estimates of the data we need you it will otherwise take too much time. Your answers 'will be kept completely confidential.

if

feel

Our phone nu ber is 205-82S--4050.. we' can be of any help.

Please call collect if

Sincerely, .arren A. Flick Project Director

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

31

Auburn University
Auburn University, Alabama 36849 Department ofForestr Hall 108White Smith School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Biological Sciences Agricultural Experiment Station September 7, 1978 Telephone (205)826-4050 ACTS 4050 923

Gentlemen: About three weeks ago I wrote to you seeking information about your business. As of today we have not received your completed questionnaire. This research will help promote expanding markets for Alabama business and is supported by people in industry and government. Your firm was selected through a sampling process designed to give representative data about our economy. Since only a few firms were contacted, each one becomes especially important. Will you please take the time to help with this work? Your response will be kept completely confidential. A replacement questionnaire is enclosed in case your first copy is misplaced. The person completing the questionnaire should be familiar with your sales and purchases. If you have any questions about the survey, please write or call collect. The number is (205) 826-4050. Thank you for your help. Sincerely,

Warren A. Flick Project Leader WAF/ac Enclosure

A

LAND-GRANT

UNIVERSITY

32

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

ALABAMA'S INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE: An Input - Output Survey

This survey is the basis of a comprehensive analysis of Alabama's economy. Please answer the questions and return this questionnaire in the envelope provided. Thank you for your help.

Department of Forestry Auburn University Auburn, AL 36830

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

33

3

Your answers to the first five questions will permit us to classify your establishment by size and industry, and to identify your net inventory changes. Q-1 What were your total sales in 1977 of all products?

TOTAL SALES

$

Q-2

Please list your major products or services and what percentage each is of total sales. PRODUCT
1.
______________

PERCENTAGE

2.__________

Q-3

What are your current capacities (please list products in same order as in Q-2 and include units of output per day or month)? PRODUCT 1. 2. 3. 4. CAPACITY

Q-4

What was your total employment and payroll during the month of March 1977? 1. NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
__________

2. PAYROLL

$___

_____

Q-5 What was the value of your closing inventory of finished goods in 1976 and 1977?
1976 VALUE OF INVENTORY 1977 VALUE OF INVENTORY

$ $_ _______

34

34 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

The next three questions will help us forecast plannedchanges in Alabama's industrialcapacity. Q-6 Do you plan to expand (or reduce)your firm's capacity in Alabama during the next 2 years? (Circle appropriate response.) 1. EXPANDING 2. REMAIN ABOUT THE SAME 3. REDUCING Q-7 firm (types of Please describe the type of expansion (reduction) planned by your' etc.) in the next 2 years. capital equipment, improvements, shutdown, If no change is planned, skip from here to Q-9.

Q-8 What will be the capacity of your firm (in units of output per day or month) after the planned expansion (or reduction) is completed? PRODUCT
1. ____________ _________

CAPACITY
___________ ________ _________ _________

2.

3.___________ 4.__________

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

35

The next two questions organize your annual sales and purchases by industrial group. When weighted by the size of your establishment and adjusted for net inventory change, your answers along with others will show the structure of sales and purchases for all industries in Alabama. There is an example with each question to help make it clear. Q-9 What were your sales in 1977 to the user groups shown below? Please write your answers as percentages of total sales. The word user is emphasized because we must know the groups that actually use your products for additional production or final consumption. If most of your sales are to wholesalers or retailers who pass your product on to others, please write the percentage of sales by the user group of final destination. It is also important to estimate the portion of your sales to users located in Alabama. If you do not provide a specific estimate, we will assume all sales to that group are exported from Alabama. For further description of user groups (industries) please refer to enclosed appendix. SALES Percentage of Total Sales Percent to Alabama Users

Example: Group

14 Pulpmills and Papermills--------------------15 Other Paper and Allied---------------------16 17 Chemical and Allied-------------------------Rubber and Misc. Plastics-------------------

2 %
5 % %

90

%
%

%

29 30 31

State and Local Government -----------------10 Federal Government-------------------------_ Households----------------------------------%8

%
%

_

_

50

% %

TOTAL

100

In this example, the establishment sold 2 percent of its total sales to Pulpmills and Papermills. Of this, 90 percent went to firms in Alabama. Eight percent of their total sales went to Households (final consumer goods), 50 percent of which were located in Alabama. They also sold 5 percent of total sales to Chemical and Allied, 10 percent to the Federal Government, and the rest to other industrial groups not listed in this example. The total for the Percentage of Total Sales should add to 100 percent.

""""" """""" PERCENTAGE
GROUP 01 02 03 04 LIVESTOCK----------------OTHER AGRICULTURE------MINING-----------------CONSTRUCTION--------------------------------

OF TOTAL SALES

104

PERCENT TO ALABAMA USERS

05 FOOD AND KINDRED---------------------------06 WEAVING & MISC. TEXTILE GOODS---------------

36

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

GROUP 07 APPAREL 08

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL SALES

PERCENT TO ALABAMA USERS

& MISC. FABRICATED

TEXTILE---

8
8

LOGGING CAMPS-----------------------------

09 SAWMILLS AND PLANING MILLS----------10 MILLWORK AND PLYWOOD------------------------11 WOOD BUILDINGS & MOBILE MOMES-------12 OTHER LUMBER -

8 8 8 8
-

& WOOD

PRODUCTS---------

13 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES----------------------14 PULPMILLS, PAPERMILLS------------------------

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8%

15 OTHER PAPER 16 CHEMICAL

& ALLIED-------------------------

& ALLIED----------------------------

17 RUBBER S MISC. PLASTICS---------------------18 PRIMARY METALS------------------------------8 19 FABRICATED METALS---------------------------8 20 MACHINERY, ELECTRICAL

& ELECTRONIC---------------------------------

21 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT------8---22 MISC. MANUFACTURING23 WHOLESALE 24

8 8 8 8 8 8 8

&RETAIL &MEDICAL

TRADE-----------

MOTELS,LODGING, PERSONAL REPAIR SERVICES AND AMUSEMENTS---------------------------% SERVICES----------8

&

25 BUSINESS 26

FINANCE, INSURANCE,REAL ESTATE--------8

27 TRANSPORTATION

&

WAREHOUSING----------------

28 COMMUNICATIONS & UTILITIES----------8 Final Users 29 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT----------8 30 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT31 HOUSEHOLDS--------------------------------8% % %

8 8 8

--------------------------------------TOTAL 100

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

37

Q-1O What were your purchases in 1977 from the industry groups shown below? Please write your answers as percentages of total sales, and exclude purchases of capital equipment (these were requested earlier). If most of your purchases are from wholesalers or retailers who bought the products from others, please write the percentage of total sales in the industry group that made the product. Please put an "X" next to purchases that "passed through" a wholesaler or retailer. The purchases from wholesalers or retailers which cannot be traced to an industry of origin should be placed under group 23, Wholesale and Retail Trade. Taxes are recorded as purchases from appropriate governments, and wages and salaries are purchases from households. As before, it is important to identify the portion of your purchases from establishments in Alabama. If you do not provide a specific estimate, we will assume all your purchases from that group are imported into Alabama. Because capital expenditures are excluded, the percentages need not add to 100. For further description of industry groups please refer to enclosed appendix. Example: Group PURCHASES Percentage of Total Sales Percent from Alabama Industries

15 16 17 23 29 30 31

Other Paper and Allied---------------------Chemical and Allied------------------------Rubber and Misc. Plastics------------------Wholesale and Retail Trade-----------------State and Local Government-----------------Federal Government-------------------------Households------------------------------ ----

X -

1 3

100 75

$

X

2 5 8 20

% % %0

100 90 95

%
%

In this example the establishment spends one percent of its total sales on products from the Other Paper and Allied industry in Alabama. The "X" indicates these products are bought from a wholesaler. This establishment spent 3 percent of its total sales on products from the Chemical and Allied industry and seventy-five percent of these purchases were from firms in Alabama. Two percent of total sales was spent at various wholesale and retail establishments for miscellaneous unclassified products. All of these purchases (100%) were made in Alabama. Five percent of total sales are paid to State and Local Governments as property taxes, income taxes, workmen's compensation insurance, unemployment insurance, etc., of which ninety percent are to governments in Alabama. The remaining ten percent are to governments in neighboring states. Eight percent of total sales is paid to the Federal Government as income taxes, special business taxes, excise taxes, etc. None of this amount is considered "spent" in Alabama. Finally, 20% of total sales is paid to Households as wages, salaries and dividends, 95% of which went to Alabama households. PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL SALES PERCENT FROM ALABAMA INDUSTRIES

GROUP 01 02 03 04 05 06 LIVESTOCK-----------------------------------OTHER AGRICULTURE---------------------------

t %
_

MINING-----------------------------------_ CONSTRUCTION-------------------------------FOOD AND KINDRED---------------------------WEAVING % %

%

%
_

& MISC. TEXTILE GOODS---------------_

%

38

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

GROUP 07 APPAREL 08 09

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL SALES

PERCENT FROM ALABAMA INDUSTRIES

&

MISC. FABRICATED TEXTILE---

LOGGING CAMPS----------------------------SAWMILLS AND PLANING MILLS----------------

10 MILLWORK AND PLYWOOD---------------------11 WOOD BUILDINGS

& MOBILE

HOMES--------------

12 OTHER LUMBER

&

WOOD PRODUCTS--------------

13 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES-------------------14 PULPMILLS, PAPERMILLS---------------------

15 OTHER PAPER 16 CHEMICAL 17 RUBBER

& ALLIED---------------------& ALLIED-------------------------

& MISC. PLASTICS------------------& ELECTRONIC---

18 PRIMARY METALS---------------------------19 FABRICATED METALS------------------------20 MACHINERY, ELECTRICAL

21 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT-------------------% 22 MISC. MANUFACTURING------------------------% 23 WHOLESALE 24

&RETAIL &MEDICAL

TRADE--------------- ----

%
I

REPAIR SERVICES HOTELS, LODGING, PERSONAL AND AMUSEMENTS---------------------------% SERVICES-----------------%

&

25 BUSINESS 26 FINANCE,

REAL ESTATE-------------% INSURANCE,

27 TRANSPORTATION 20 COMMUNICATIONS

&

WAREHOUSING---------------

&UTILITIES-----------------%

Final Users 29 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT------------------___________ 30 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT--------------------------___________ 31 HOUSEHOLDS---------------------------------___________
TOTAL
_________

A PRELIMINARY INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF ALABAMA

39

Please print the name and address of your establishment.

Please print the name and telephone number of the person completing this questionnaire.

Do you wish to receive a copy of the results? 1. 2. YES NO

(Please circle your answer.)

Is there anything else you would like to tell us about your firm or your industry? If so, please use the following space.

Appendix:

Description of Alabama Industrial Groups *

01 Livestock and Livestock Products - (SIC 013, 0198) - Farms producing primarily dairy farm products, poultry, meat animals and misc. livestock products. 02 Other Agricultural Products - (SIC 011, 012, pt. 014, 0192, 074, pt. 08, 09) - Any farm producing primarily products not classisector one. Also includes greenhouse and nursery products, forestry and fisheries products and hunting. Mining - (SIC 10-14) - All mineral extraction Construction - (SIC 15-17) - All construction including coal, iron ore, oil and gas, stone, sand, gravel and clay. including maintenance and repair construction.

fled in
03 04

05 Food and Kindred - (SIC 20) - Firms manufacturing or processing food and beverages for human consumption, and certain related products, such as manufactured ice, chewing gum, vegetable and animal fats and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and fowls. 06 Weaving and Misc. Textile Goods - (SIC 22 (exc 225)) - Firms engaged in manufacturing yarn, thread, etc., woven fabric, dyeing and finishing, coating and waterproofing of fabric, and manufacture of felt goods and misc. textiles. Excludes knitting mills. 07 Apparel and Misc. Fabricated Textiles - (SiC 225, 23) - Knitting mills, establishments producing clothing and fabricating products by cutting and sewing purchased woven or knit textile fabrics such as leather, furs, and rubberized fabrics. 08 Logging Camps - (SIC 2411) - Firms engaged in cutting timber and in producing rough, round, hewn, or riven primary forest or wood raw materials. Excluded are logging and woods operations conducted in combination with sawmills, pulpmills, or other converting establishments. 09 Sawmills and Planing Mills - (SIC 242) - Firms engaged in sawing rough lumber and timber, planing mills combined with sawmills, and planing mills engaged in producing surfaced lumber and standard workings or patterns of lumber. Also includes hardwood dimension and flooring mills. 10 Millwork and Plywood - (SiC 243) - Firms primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated millwork, wood cabinets, hardwood veneer and plywood, softwood veneer and plywood, and structural wood members of laminated or fabricated trusses, arches, and other structural members. 11 Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes - (SIC 245) - Firms manufacturing mobile homes and prefabricated wood buildings, sections and panels. 12 Other Lumber and Wood Products - (SIC 24 (exc 241, 242, 243, 245)) - Firms producing wooden containers, particleboard, woodX preserving, and those firms engaged in turning and shaping wood and manufacturing misc. wood products not elsewhere classified. 13 Furniture and Fixtures - (SIC 25) - Firms manufacturing household, office, public building, and restaurant furniture, and office and store fixtures. Does not include millwork and cabinets as described in sector 10.M 14 Pulpmills, Papermills (exc. building paper and building board) - (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631) - Firms primarily engaged in manufacturing: (1) pulp from wood or other materials; (2) paper (except building paper) from wood pulp and other fibers; or (3) paperboard from wood pulp and other fibers. (1) converted paper and15 Other Paper and Allied - (SIC 26 (exc. 2611, 2621, 2631)) - Firms primarily engaged in manufacturing: paperboard products such as envelopes, bags, sanitary paper, and stationary; (2) paperboard containers and boxes including corrugated boxes, and sanitary food containers; or (3) building paper and building board from wood pulp and other fibrous materials.

C) C
"

I

x

M

.I

Z

16 Chemical and Allied - (SIC 28) - Firms producing basic chemicals and firms manufacturing products by predominantly chemical processes. Products include acids, alkalies, salts, organic chemicals, synthetic fibers, pigments, drugs, soaps, paints, and fertilizers. 17 Rubber and Misc. Plastics - (SIC 30) - Firms manufacturing rubber products such as tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods, hoses and belting, and rubber sundries. Does not include establishments primarily engaged in recapping. Also includes firms engaged in molding primary plastics. 18 Primary Metals - (SIC 33) - Firms engaged in the smelting and refining of ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap, also in the rolling, drawing, alloying and casting of these metals. Includes manufacture of nails, spikes, and insulated wire and cable. 19 Fabricated Metal Products - (SIC 34) - Firms engaged in fabricating ferrous and nonferrous metal products except machinery, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware. 20 Machinery, Electrical and Electronic Equipment - (SIC 35, 36) - Firms engaged in manufacturing machinery and equipment other than transportation equipment. Machines powered by built-in or detachable motors are included as are powered portable tools, office machines and machines for generation, storage, transmission, transformation and utilization of electrical energy. 21 Transportation Equipment - (SIC 37) - Firms engaged in manufacturing equipment for transportation of passengers and cargo by and water.

Z

C
-I C

O
-4 -I
0

air, land,

22 Miscellaneous Manufacturing - (SIC 21, 27, 29, 31, 32, 38, 39) - Manufacturing firms not elsewhere classified. Included are tobacco manufacturing, printing, publishing and allied, petroleum refining and related industries, leather and leather products, stone, clay, glass and concrete products, scientific instruments, photographic and optical goods, watches and clocks and other misc. industries. 23 Wholesale and Retail Trade - (SIC 50-59) - All firms engaged In wholesale and retail trade both for industrial and personal consumptlon and use. 24 Hotels, Lodging, Personal and Repair Services and Amusements - (SIC 70, 72, 75, 76 (exc. 7692, 7694, pt 7699) 78, 79) - Commercial and institutional establishments engaged in furnishing lodging or camping facilities on a fee basis, establishments primarily engaged in providing services Involving the care of the person or his apparel such as laundries and barber shops, automobile services and repair, misc. repair services (except welding repair and armature rewinding shops), and all motion picture and amusement estabSishments. 25 Business and Medical Services and Nonprofit Organizations - (SIC 73 (exc. 7396) 7692, 7694, pt. 7699, 80, 81, 82, 84, 89, 07, pt. 08)- Firms primarily engaged in rendering services to business establishments on a fee or contract basis, welding and armature repair, medical, surgical and other health services, legal services, educational services, non-commercial museums and art galleries, misc. services such as surveyors, architects, accountants, agricultural services, forestry services, nurseries, and management. 26 Finance Insurance, Real Estate - (SIC 60-67) - Firms operating primarily in the fields of finance, insurance and real estate, including banks, credit agencies, brokers and insurance agents. Real estate Includes owners, lessors, lessees, buyers, sellers, agents and developers. 27 Transportation and Warehousing - (SIC 40-42, 44-47) - All forms of transportation including railroads, local and Interstate passenger transport, motor freight (trucking) transport and warehousing, water and air transportation and transportation services. 28 Communications and Utilities - (SIC 48, 49) - Firms furnishing point-to-point communication services, and those firms engaged the generation, transmission and/or distribution of electricity or gas or steam, provision of water and Irrigation systems, and disposal of garbage, sewage, and other waste.
*

m
r O

W

in

SIC is Standard Industrial Classification

42

ALABAMA

AGRICULTURAL

EXPERIMENT

STATION

42

ALABAMA AGRICULTUA

XEIMN

TTO

APPENDIX C

Response Rates by Sector as a Percentage of Output and Employment
SECTOR NUMBER SECTOR' OUTPUT SAMPLE' OUTPUT RESPONSE RATE%

3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL '$Millions

1027.8 2631.2 1409.7 1351.9 350.3 425.9 203.5 252.6 148.9 2207.0 2534.2 923.6 3511.1 1097.3 1267.5 816.6 1318.5 21477.6

53.4 177.1 142.9 149.7 3.1 83.4 81.1 25.5 53.9 725.3 23.2 52.7 384.0 57.5 119.9 15.7 297.6 2446.0

5.2 6.7 10.1 11.1 0.9 19.6 39.8

10.1

36.2 32.9 0.9 5.7 10.9 5.2 9.5 1.9 22.6 11.4

SECTOR NUMBER

SECTOR EMPLOYMENT

2

SAMPLE EMPLOYMENT

2

RESPONSE RATE %

3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL

13.8 27.3 36.7 62.7 5.1 10.8 5.7 6.9 5.1 20.1 15.1 13.1 41.7 24.4 26.5 18.1 33.2 366.3

0.6 2.8 3.3 5.6 0.1 1.1 1.5 0.4 1.3 7.4 0.2 0.9 3.4 2.1 2.4 0.4 3.4 36.9.

4.3 10.3 9.0 8.9 2.0 10.2 26.3 5.8 25.5 36.8 1.3 6.9 8.1 8.6 9.1 2.2 10.2 10.1

2In thousands

TA8LE 1 TRAP SACTIOCNS
SECTOR 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25

MATRIX
3 0.0 44.6 29.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 1.9 0.8 1.0 23.7 13.0 62.3 15.6 14..3 13.9 15.0 2.8 4 0.0 3.1a 84.5 1.5 0.u
8. 5

1
13 7.6

2

5 429.3 54.0

6
0.9

m

L IVES TOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCT .ION
FOOD
C

19. 1
8.4

z

77.3

0.1
5.9

2.7

TEXTILES APPAREL

KINDRED

6.60

LUGGING CAMPS
SAhMI LL S MILLWORK &,PLYiWOD OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS FURNITURE & PAPER C ALLIED CHEMICAL &CALLIED RUBBER & PLASTICS PRIMARY METALS
FABRICATED

FIXTURES

1.6 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.0

0.3 0.9 0. 5 0.3 0..4 0.2 0.3 0. 1 166.1 1.8 1.2 3.8 0.4 10. 1
23 .2

11.9

0.3 9.0 0.6
0.0

000

0.3

MACHINERY

METALS

& ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION EQUIP MISC. MANUFACTURING WHOLESALE & RETAIL SERVICES.
FIN-.

2-9.4
16.9

2.0 0.3 0.1 1.8

COMM.

&REAL TRANSPORTATION
INS.
ENDUGENOUS

23.0 17.8

EST

& UTILITIES

4.3
0.0

.36.2
9.3
5.4

47.6

o4.4
24.3

2.0 36.4 52.2 33.2 27..3 Z2.2 17.6 7.1.2 24.6 134. b 285.1 112.5 0.2 235.6 220.0 153.8 41.1 112.3

6.6 178.U 0.0 0.0 0.*4 0.0 3.1 0.0 24.3 0.7 2.7 56.8 .5.0
6.1

0.0

0.0

25.5 1.7 5.5 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 1.8
0.0

0
c -I
-

0.0

1.8 6
6.4

-I

0.0

0.9 0.0
5~(0
'9.3 y

0 CD

0c

m

z

m
0
-

0

18.8
_A__

TOTALS

328.9

344.6
56.6 13.1
1.36.5

rlnr-

r rr

_!

15.2 26.6 16.1 10.8 35o8 48.3
_--_

0.0 .9.2 CD 4.0 0*

6.3

-_-

__

3.4 9.6 3.8 490.1
r_

325.9

1698..3

9204

151.6

27 28
29

26
30

LOCAL GCVT. STATE FEDERAL GOVT.
HOUSEHOLDS

85.7 20.6
214.5 277.8

76.6

UNALLOCATED) TOTAL S

IMPORTS

42.0

210.0 196.1

53.6 275.3 1138.0
830.8

.39..3
o8.3 292.0 909.2

17.0
31.0
444.0

545.6

0.0 592.8

134.9 1027.8

415.4 4411.4

402.0 26.31.2

219.9 1409..7
W

927.5

TRANSACTIO~NS
7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3 0.0 0.0
0.0
100

TABILE

1
MATRIX

8 5.3 1.3.1 0.0

9 0.0 1.4 0.5 000 0.0 0.0 61.9
11..8

10 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

11
0.0

12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.o4 0.2 0.0

1.3 0.0 6.9 57.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 109.4 84.*6 4.9
3.0

14
0.4 8.5 2.2 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2. 1 204.0 1.2 0.0 0. 1 8.4 2.4 2.2 18.9 29.8 29..3 16.5 14. 1

15 0.0 0.0

1.1
122.8 15.0 000 0.0 0.0 0.0 .1.2

0.0
0.0

0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 0. 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3
0.7

0.8
28.2 1.7 2.2 0.1
0.0

0.0

10.9
1.8 0.6 0.0 0.5

14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

9.6

0. 1 1..2 0.0 5.6 2.3 2.4 13.5 8.8 11.5 24.6 19.7
240.4

U-00

.0.6

01 7.0 29. 1
0.0

2.5 1.8 0.4 4,.6 4.1 31.3 X11.1 10 .b 121.1
4.8

6.8
6.4

7.4

3.0 1.6 0..3 0.1 0..1 2.8 0.1 2.7 2.9 0.7

3.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.0 15.+6 5.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

0.0

2.0

0.0
2. 1 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.4 .1.2 0.0 9. 2
12.0

1.2 0.0I 0.0

0.6

0.0
0.0 0.2 0 .0 3.9 0.0

0.0

9.

7

0,. 0 140.9 10.5.3 1.5 0.0 31.6 7.77 17.9 23.7 12.1 4.a5 24.8

0.0

I-

13.4 11.7

0.6

5.1 7.0
b2.7 2.7 3.6

5.6 2.4 0.3 16.2 6.2 0.3 0.4 14.2 5.5

0.0

2.5

1.0 000 1.3 1.3 2.8 0.9

0.8 4. 1 0.5 1.0 3.2 0.0 3.3 5.2 6.8
8.2

0. 1

C C
I-

1.6
1.5

1kbo.!7
12.5 29.8 96.4

145
6.2

t

117.5
2.9 61.6 36:.5 29.7
4..4

.39.5
62.0 33.8 5.0
3.3 5.3

184.6 823.7
73.9 371.0 467.4 447.4
23.6

20.*4 25j.2
8 6.1

m x m m z
C,,
-a

342.5
263.0 1653.6 208.7
" r

26 27 28 29 30

35 7.0 4552 203.4 1351.9

3U. 1 65.8

. .~~------------------------------------------------------- - r r- ------------ wwr. rw.+ w. 350.3 425.9 203.5 252.6 148.9 2207.0

47.1 4 7.3

13.8 £05.1 119.2 .36.2

52.9 .6b.3 35.33

26.o3 40.1

. r.- r

5.8 22 '2.+0 52 8.8 5 2.9
2
-

8.0

2534.2

'3.6 92.

z

TA83LL I TRANSACTIONS M~ATRIX

r
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0.0 0.0 6.6 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5

17 0.0 0.0 0.1 10. 5 0.0

18

19 0.0 0 .0 0.3 0.0 0.0

20 0. 0 0.2 133.4 13.2 0.0

21 0.0 0.2 0 .2 13.1 11.0 5.5

22 10.0 0.3 28.9 11.4 1.3 4.4 0.0 0.0 0. 1 0.2
0.0 3.6

23 32.4 25.4 6.8 28100 6.*2 1.1 0.00

0.0
0.0 0.0
0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

000 0.0

12*00 11.2 12,.4 0. 8 277.4 14.4 18.6 1100

0.0

0.0 0.4
69.7

1.2

0.0 0.6 0.4 7. 5

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.6 0.5 0..0 11.9 2.8
0.2 8.7

0.0

0.0 0.0 1.3

0.0

0.0
0.0 0.0

106.0

0.9

0.1
81.9 3.9 4.6 32.5 14.3 14.*2 1.7 7.9 1500 5.2 33.3
46.*5

1.3

C

0.0

6.3..5
2.7 0.2 31.0 12.9 22.3 16,.7 12.7 2.30*8
276.2

22.6
0.1 10.4 5.06 10.1 10.0 22..3
1.19.4

9.3

27.0
5.3

32. 1 21.8 67.8 141.1

1.8

0.0 0.1 0.6 8~3. 1 2.7 1.2 1.4 4.0 5.0 5.6 18.6 14.9 11.5
150.3

0.0

4. 5 0.0 10.4 0.7 21.3
13.'9

0.7

0.0 0.5
19.2

0.0

0.0 1.4

C

21.0 5. 1

59.0

2.3

0.3 24.2 29.4
16.4 76.,1
42,.6

7.7 34.e8 16. 1

9.4

7. 7 22.4 6.2 3 5.4 4L.0
388.3

162.5 149.0 24.2 77.0
726.8

104.5 101.1 14.7 113.1
641.2

229". 8 277.6
11217.2

4.4 4.1 2.7 30.0 7.7 23.9 55.7 38.2 68.w4

r

w

663.1e
17.5 88.6 868.0 1616.3 257.6 3511.1

62,.9 .320.0 .346.1 74.7 1097.3

.17.

22.2 46.9 342.0 614.4 122.6 1267.5

54..0 291.0 259.1 25.3 8.16.6

.30.9

14-.0 57.9 383.0 278.5 196.8 1318.5

878.6 35.0 2556.0 152.6 0.0 4.349.0

104.5 55.6 2157.0 749.2 .115.2 3822.7

5921.8 155.3 2422,.6 1.3.8 0.0 4371.7
-Ph

TABLEI
TRANXSACTIOJNS

MATRIX
1E

24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

25 0.0 157.4 97.8 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.4
0.0

A1
628.8 291.9 437.*2

B

1

C1 23.8 3.4 270.7 42 * 0

1 F

0.2
2.7 1.2 58.3 6.6 1.3 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

0.0

0.5 2.7
]10.

5.9

608.5

0.0

0.0
3.4
5.3 9.9

310.1 144.3 33.0 284.2 181.5 55.5 62.4 28.6
3 01.2

766. 0 17.0 0. 5 0. 0.1 0.1 8.3

8

52. 1 40.7 0.0 592.4 8.4 56.1 0.0 1. 7 59.3 12.6 7. 0 31.2 9.6
8.3.

24.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 276o.2 0.0 11.3 .3 *3
8.7

1.1 0.1

15.6

3.2

10.4 7.0 11.5 26.*2 80.01 48.01 59.2 57.2 191.1 35.1 619.6

24
25

2.3 3.5 2.3 2. 7 1.2 18. 3 0.2 23. 1 1'7.2 98.3 36.3 32.4 375.6 870.1 196.6 467.2 595.0
.330.4

673.*8 99.9 625. 5 556. 7 351. 1 186.1l 696.5 1061. 8 880.6 754.4

684.2

76.9 2'. 7 0. 1 2. 9 10.9 9.5 3 4.6 9.6
10C8.

3.4

0.5 0. 5 0.5 0.5 4.*9 .5.7

240.2 233.7 552.2 0.0 .1661.0 1253.3 1234. 8

62.2

3.7 0.3
7.0
0.0

101.3

12. 1 10.2

73.5
47.0

21.8

76.8

1388.6

42.8 71.2

8 29. 1
0.0

73..1
2 77.3

19.1 2 72.0 79.0 0.0 1082.7 0.0 3803.0

5.0 40.2 43.6 167.2 3 582. 1 2352. 8 3369. 1 623.6 920.5 0.0 311.7 1187.9 342.4 2986.9 18284.7
1.388.0

0.1

4.2 50.4 2.2 11.0 0.0 12.1 0.0 22.0 7.3.8 1 6.6
0.0

63.0 0.0

238.4 138.8 123.3 94.5 1885.5 1600.6 797. 1 2812.2 459.2 807,.3 549.6 3310.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270.0 0.0
0.0

921.5 592.8 102 7.8 4411.4 2631.2 1409.7 1351.9 350.3 425.9 203*5 252.6 148.9 2207.0 2534.2 923.6 3511.1 1097.3 816.6 .1318.5 4.34.9.0 3822.7 4.371.7 1709.4 2459.3 0.0

,I-r
.00

II-

1267.5

C
C-

m

x

11326.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0

m Tn

26 27 28 29 30

66.1 41.0 529.0
453.7

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0
0.0

0.0 0.0 1174.0 676.2 3696.3
36.3

0.0 -205.5
6126.6

3787.1 2999.7 20745.0
12487.8

z

0.0 3055.8

6488.4

1709.4

2459.3

15345.2

90630.0

'A, Endogenous totals; B, State and Local Government; C, Federal Government; D, Households; E, Unallocated; F, Exports; G, Total Output.

z

DIRECT SECTOR 1 2 3 4 5
b

TABLE 2, REQUIREMENTS 2 .0.
0~0833

MATRIX 4 0.0 0. 00070 0.01915 0. 00034 0.0 0 .00 193 0.00 045 0.00825 0.01183 0. 00 753 0.00 503 0.00399 0. 01614 0.00.558 0. 03051 0.06 463 0.02550 0.1000005 0.05341 0.04 98 7 0.03486 0. CO932 0. 02 546 0.00426
.. .. . _ _

Xa

m 5 0.16316 0. 020.52 0.0 0. 002 51 0. 06765 0.0 0.0 0.000 15 0.0 0.0 0.0001 18 00 6 0. 00064 0.01809 0.00121 U. 00390 0.0 0. 004 75 0.0 0. 0 0.,00128 0.0 0. 00128 00 J.0U0454 0.00064 0.0 0.00262 0.0 0.0065.3 0. 00284 0.00589 0. 00660 0.00241 0.00681 0. 002 70 0.03483
_. .r .... ..

I-

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17
18 19

LI V ES TOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCTION FOOD E KINDRED TEXTILES APPAREL LOGGING CAMPS SAWMILLS MILLWORK & PLYWOOD OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS FURNITURE & FIXTURES PAPER C ALLIED CHEMICAL & ALLIED RUBBER &CPLASTICS
PRIMARY

0. 14836 I)REI 0. 08334 0.000 11 0.00636 0.00173 0.00022 0.00065 0.0

0.0

u.0

FABRICATED MISC.

METALS
& C

0.00011 0.0 0. 0003.2 0.00970 0.00065

MACHINERY &

METALS

0.0

TRANSPORTATION

20
21 22 23 24 25

WHOLESALE
SERVICES FIN. INS.
COMM.

EQUIP MANUFACTURING
RETAIL

ELECTRIC

0 .002 16 0. 000 32 0. 000 11

0. 03222 0. 01417 0.00455 0. 01012 0.00051 0.001.52 0.00084, 0.00051 0. 00067 0.000:34 0. 00051 0.0 0.00017 0.28020 0.00304 0.0005 1 0.00641 0.00067 0. 01704 0.0.39 14 U.08030 0. 06.10 7 0. 01569 0. 00911

0.04339 0.02890
0.01158

0.0 0.0

0.0
0.0

C 010 74
OIO

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00486 0.00769 0.00078
0.00097

0-I 3-U C

0. 006 19

010 C
3I0'1 rn

0. 00924
0.00027 0.00 103 0.0

0. 00202

0
I-

0.00194
0. 031 70 0.01919 0.00464
r ew

TRANSPORTATION
&
ENDOGENOUS

REAL EST

0.024 80 0.0 1822
n

UTILITIES 1 TOTALSi i

0.02306 0.01265 0. 06 061 0.01518 0. 01391 0 .01.352 0. 01459 0.00272 0. 06266 0.31709 0.02364 0.0745.3 0.262 70 0.19080 0.13125 1.00000

0.00190 0.00232

0.02159

0. 005 78 0.01011 0,.006 35 0. 00410 0.01361

a

0.01836
. . . .. .

i

r

V

_._

0.35461 0.09240 0.02221 0.23127 0.29951 0.0 1.00000

0.58131 0.09548 0.022.10 0.23026 0.07085 0.0 1.00000

0.38498 0.01215 0.06241 0.25 797 0.18833 0.09417 1.00000

0.34980 0.01494 0.02596 0.1.1098 0.345.55

0.10754

26 27 28 29 30

& LUCAL GO V T. EERAL GOVT. HOUSEHOLDS IMPORTS UNALLOCATED
STATE

0.02199
0.01248

0.15278
1.00000

0..31496 0..38703 0..15599 1.00000

TOTALS

V4b n4

TAB3LE 2 DIRECT REQUIREMENTS MATRIX T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 0.0 0.00074 0.0 0.00081 0.0 0. 09084 0.01110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00089 0.00710
0.00089

Co

8 0.01513 0.03740 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.04082 0.0 0.00029 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00200 0.0 0.00029 .0.01998 0.03307 0.0 0.02112 0.01941 0.01827
0.0.3825 0.03340
. . . .... . .. . .

9 0.0 0.02771 0.00329

10 0.0 0.01327 0.0

11 0.0 0.01346 0.0 0.00079 0.0 0.0 0.0

12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,00269 0.0 0.00134 0.0
0.0

13 0.0 0.00313

14

15
0.0

0.00016
0.00335 0.00087

0.00117
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.14534 0.02559 0.00423 0.00141 0.00023 0.0 0.00141 0.00587 0.00423 0.0 1127 0.00094 0.01080 0.00963 0.00775 0.02606
0.02489

0.00.39.3 0.0 0.0
0.0

0.02619 0.0
0.0

0.00095
0.0
0.0

0.00130
0.0
0.0

0.0 0.00217

8 0.0

0.13857
0.00835 0.01081 0.00049 0.0 0.01474

0.12668

0.00403
0.01410 0.0 0.00672 0.0 0.01612 0.0 0.06179 0.08059 0.00672 0.0 0.00873 0.0087.3 0.01880 0.00604
0.01075

0.0 0.04951

0.0
0.0

0.0

0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00083 0.00047 0.0 0.00004 0. 00331 0.00095 0.00087 0.00746 0.01176 0.01156

14 0.00007

0.00.371

0.00117

0.00786
0.00147 0.00049
0.00049

0.06176 0.01979 0.00198 0.0 .0.0.
0.03840.

17 18
19 20 21 22 23
24

25
4

0.0 0.0. 0.00414 0.00170 0.00178 0.00999 0.00651 0.00851 0. 01820 0.01457
0.
n

0.01376 0.00049 0.01327 0.0142.5 0.00344 0.00295
0.02506

0.0 0.0 0.02217 0.00950 0.00119 0.06413 0.02454 0.001.19 0.00158
0.05622

0.00806

0.03833 0.00222 0.00136 0.0 0.06384

0.04771

0.0011.3 0.00068 0.0 0.01432 0..00349 0.00811 0.01074 0.00548 0.00204
0.01124

0.08050

0.00022 0.0 0.00422 0.0 0.00011

0.00087
0.00444 0.00054 0.00108 0.00346 0.0 0.00357 0.00563 0.00736 0.00888
0.02209

IIC) L-I
r9r

C
c -

0.900651
. rr

0.02841
.. .w i

0.03440
s. . r 1" . . +..

0.02177
. .r

0.01007
. r i

17782
T ' '

~~
.

0.08364
. .r w + .

0.00556
. .

0.02728
+ . .

0.33314
0.03568 0.08507 0.27.519 0.13446
0.13645

0.34139 0.01456 0.03240 0.24677
0.27988
0.08500
.

0.30811 0.01327 0.01769 0.25995 0.22752 0.17346
s

0.46516 0.01148 0.01742
0.24386

0.26528 0.02216 0.03559 0.41639 0.22700 0.03358
wr

0.37322
0.01069 0.03348 0.16810 0.21178 0.20272
.

0.13515
0.01038 0.01582 0.10378 0.65251 0.08235

0.09322 0.00866
0. 02793 0.24036 0. 5 72 54

m x m m

26 27 28 29 30

0.02226 0.048b7 0.26407 0.3367i 0.15045
.r...

z

-4 -4

1.00000 .wisw

1.00000 i . +

1.00000 ^ . ...

0.14450 0.11758

1.00000rr r1.00000 w r r. .

0.05728
1.00000

1.00000 ++.~

1.00000 rr ..

1.00000 r. M+

0

z

TA8LE 2 DIRECT REQUIREMENTS MATRIX

m
22 23
0.00741

16
1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

17 0.0 0.000U9 0.009.57

.18
0.0 0.0

19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00037 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00159 0.0 0.0

20

21 0.0
0. 00005

0.0
0.0
000

0.00188

0.0

0.0

000008 8 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0 0. 00109 0.0 0. 000.36 000
0.00055

13

20

14 15 16 17 18 19

0l0 0. 00014 0.00.342 000 0. 00319 0.00353 0. 00023 0.07901 0.00410 0.00530 0. 00313 0.0076 9
0.00914

0.0 0.00039 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.000 79 0.00126 0.00039

0. 00015

0.

21 22 23

24
25

0.00621 0. 00151
0.

0.04019 0.18886 0.00498 0.02523

01931

0.00036 0.00683 0. 06352 0. 05787 0. 00246 0. 00018 0.02825 0. 01176 0.02032 0. 01 522 0.01157 0. 02169 0.25171 0.01586 0.05732 0.29162 0.31541 0.06808 100100000

0.0 0.00939

0. 01001 04.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.00068 0.,00053 0.00.341
0.0

0.10.118

0.00005 0.00.301 0. 024.37
0.00002

0. 00262

0009,4

z [-u
z

0.00581

0.00008

0.0002.3 0. 00126

0. 00205
0.00090

0.0

0 00221 0.00016 0.00734 0. 01783 0.00686 0.00008 0.0 0142 0.00821 0.00442 0. 00797 0.00789

0.0

0. 00012 0. 000 73 0.10170 0.00331 0. 00 147 0.00171 0. 00490 0. 00612

0. 0079 0.00053' 0.00174

0.01054

0.00686
0.02278 0.0 1825 0. 01408 0.18406

0. 01759

0. 0159.3 0. 0038 7 0. 00174 0,. 0447 5 0.0058 4 0. 01699 0.00470 0. 0268 5 0. 037 16
0.29450

0.00106 0. 00747 0.00329 0. 00327 0.0+0039 0 .001 82 0.*003.45 0. 00120 0.00766 0.01069

0. 00 756 0.00298 0.00034 0. 00115 0.0 0.0 0. 00003 0.00005 0.0
0.0020 0. 00910

0. 00156

0. 06426

0 00142 0.00025 0.00030 0.0 0.0

c 0
c -I

0.00

-v
0

1

0. 00011 0. 00215
0.00439

0.00032
0.00 101 0.00094

0. 03736

0.03426 0. 005 56 0. 01771 0.16712 0.20202 0.00805

0. 00421 0.00008 0.00633 0. 00769 0.00429 0001991 0.01114 0. 02 7 34

rn
0
I-

0.00062

0. 02645

0.00385 0. 02959 0.16713 0.02734 0.01454

0. 00686 0.00 176 0. 00547 0. 01274 0. 05257 0. 06.350

r

0.00874

0.01565 0.25784 0.13560 0.03552

0.09420 0.01751 0.03700 0. 26982 0.48473 0.09673

26 27 28 29
30

0.24122
0.46034 0.073.37

0.03184 0.06613 0.36370 0.31729 0.03098

0.01062 0.04391
0.29048

0.58772
0.03509 0.0
1.00000

0.56426
0.19599 0.03014
1~1.00000

0.55416
'CO

0.21122 0.149261.00000

0.01688 0.0
1.00000

10000

1.00000

1.00000

1.00000(

DIRECT

TABLE 2 REQUIREMENTS MATRIX 24 25 0.0 0.0 0.06400 0.03977 0.0 0.00012 0.0003 3
0.0 0.0

0

11 12
15 16

1 0.00012 2 0.00158 3 0.00010 4 0.03411 5 0.00386 6 0.00076 7 0.00205 8 0.0 9 0.0 10- 0.0
0.00076

0.0

1.3 14 11 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

0.00.199 0.00310 0.00608 0.00579 0.00410 0.00673 0.01533 0.04686 0.02814 0.03463 0.03346 0.11179 0.02053 0.36247 0.03867 0.02399
0..30947 0.26541
0.0

0.0 0.00016 0.0 0.00094 0.00142 0.00094 0.00110 0.00049 0.00744 0.00008 0.00939 0.00699 0.03997

c

c

0.01476
0.35380 0.07994 0.18997

0,01317 0.15273

m x
m
-1

29

28

0.24194N 0.1.3435
0.0

30

1.00000

1.00000z

TALE 3 DIRECT & INDIRECT REQUIREMENTS TABLE

SECTOR12:3

4

5

6

I
2 3 4
5

CONSTRUCTION
FOOD

LIVESTOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING

1.17910
0.10049 0.00271 0.00052 0.00028 0.00117 0.00041
0.01300 0.00373

0.03993

1.02021

0.00216
0.04629 1.03829
0.01878 0.00072

0.00093
0.00356 0.02814
1.00616

0.20742
0.04039 0.00837

0.00165
0.01904
0.00532

0.00967
0.01902

0.00366
1.07.32

c c

o

0.00714
0.00031

6
7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18

8

16

£ KINDRED TEXTILES APPAREL LOGGING CAMPS SAWMILLS MILLWORK C PLYWOOD OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS FURNITURE C FIXTURES PAPER ALLIED CHEMICAL ALLIED PLASTICS RUBBER

0.00243 0.00179 0.00114

0.00180
0.00204

0.00120
0.00121 0.00060 0.00082 0.00016 0.00184 0.31356 0.00432 0.0054 9 .0.01031

0.00020

& & & PRIMARY METALS
TRANSPORTATION

0.00035 0.00012 0.00130 0.04432 0.00179

19

FABRICATED METALS ELECTRIC MACHINERY MISC.

&

0,00135 0.001.30
0.00831

20
21

22 23 25

24

SERVICES FIN. INS. COMM.

WHOLESALE '&RETAIL
TRANSPORTATION

MANUFACTURING

EQUIP

0.00473 0.00271
0.0449.3

0,00257 0.00276
0.04858

0.00016 0.00016 0.00070 0.00064 0.00034 0.00032 0.00012 0.00630 0.02422 0.00171
0.01130

0.00018
0.00015

0.00068 0.01308 0.01332 0.00800 0,00678 0.00513 0.00640 0.02099 0.00701 0.07285 0.02878

0.00007

1.00464

0.00132
0.00076 0.00017 0.00148 0.00007 0.01124 0.01616 0.00199

0.00082
0

0.02811 0.01567

0.04054 0,00403
0.06370
0.05615

0.00291
0.01139

0.00175 0.00014 0.00141 0.00005 0.00528 0.00731 0.00029

0.02447

0.06360
0..02193
0.02034

0.02648 0.00378

0.00385

0.00116
0.00.346
0.00772 0.00828
0.00900

0.00348
0.02181

C REAL E~ST

0.04493 0.03464

0.029 58

0.09848 0.07783

0.0.2496

0.02685 0.02522

0. 00944
1.44734

0.04602 0.01866

0.03626

0.02085 0.01514

0.02406

0.00777 0.01056

0.00529

C UTILITIES TOTALS

0.01295 1.53490

0.02275

0.08398

0.02109 1.51213

0..03006 1.52704

0.04425 1.15676
c3

1.73605

Cif

TABLE 3 DIRECT & INDIRECT REQUIREMENTS 7 1 2 3 4 6 1
5

TABLE

8 0.02065 0 .0419 0.00431 0.006 77 0.00117 0.00024 1.04285 0. 00025 0.00058 0.00021 0.00007 0.00095 0 .01837 0. 003 01 0.01085 0. 002 50 0.02308 0.08815
0.00017

9

10

11
0.00386 0.02259 0.01142 0.00811 0.00133 0.00016

12
0.00044 0.00132

13

14 0. 00057 0. 00400 0.00193 0. CO294 0.00 036 0.00004 0.00 006 0. 00012 0.00012 0.00005
0.00005

15 0.00022 0.00052 0.00537 0.00466 0".00036 0. 00005 0. 00010 0.000 75 0.00060 0. 00014 0. 00434 0.00003 0.00048 0.00181 1.00480 0.,00 134 0. 00216 0.0 00446 0.00091 0. 00652 0.0 0762 0.01147 0. 01199 0. 02655 0. 03496
r

0.00040 0.00279 0.00237 0.00417

0.004670.003 70

0.036 09
0.00817

0.00048
0.09234 1.01131

9 0.00057 10 0.00008 11 0.00022 12 0.00093 1.3 0.00850 14 0.00190

8

0.00061

0.00794 00080 0.00015 0.00019

0.00.591 0.00940 0.00082 0.00011
0.00017

0.02036

0.003b3

0.0015 5 0.00476
0.01352 0.03475 0.00065 0.00013
0.00015

0.15659
1.02665

u.00027

0.00685 0.00052 0.00141

0.00010
0.00860 0.01587 0.00035 0.00719 1.00005
0.0180 7
0.01142

0.14860
1.01122

0.00958 0.00074 0.00007 0.01676 0.00246 0.00338 0.00258 0.01893 0.01408 0.01855 0.02189 0.01481 0.01230 '0.0386.3 0.05365 1.44591

0.00461

0.00169 0.00031 0.00095
0.01413

0.14527 0.06408 0.020.57 1.00252 0.00009
0.00187

0.06271 0.04271 0.00297 0.00186 0.00021
1.06924
0..05871

15 16

0.00122

18 19

17

0.00112
0..00087 0.00466

20

0.00512 0.00265 0.012.54 0.01063 0.012.31 0.02230
0.02423

21 22 23 24

0. 00600 0.03081
0.05040 0.04874

0. 02864 0.032 89

25

0.00252 0.00971 0.00669 0.01678 0.01543 0.01666 0.01839 0.02185 0.03868 0.03950 0.04701 1.49675

0.01719

0.05078 0.00162
0.00588

0.02707

0.00105 0..07407

0.01581 0.01561 0.07535 0.03-4 87 0.01540 0.07762 0.04458 1.66344
0.01664

0.08742

0.002.11 0.00430 0.01991 0.01507

0.00903 0.00174 0..01548 0.013.13 0.01146 0.01796 0.02371
0.02567

0.00403

0.01039 0.01828
0.01756

0.01074 0..0222 7 0.11463 1.53320

0.00003 0. 00123 1.08923 0.00074 0.00045 0.00062 0.00419 O. UO 142 0.00232 0. 00934 0. 01561 0.01513
0.

C)
C
rI

C

I-

rn

m z

0.00901 1.168.30

00 87 7

1.22490

1.46370

1.35655

1, 13224

Co) 0

z

m DIKECT & 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0. 00019 17 0.00037 0.00067 0. 00663 0.01439 0. 00062 0.00008 0.00012 18 0.0002 0 0.00034 0. 002 13 0.00304 0.00034

INDIRECT REQUIREMENTS TABLE
19 0.00036 0.00045 0.00288 0.00433 0.00042 0.00005
0.00009

TABLE 3

I-

Z
22. 23 0.01021 0.00791 0.00631 0.07165 0.00245 0.00051 0.00119 0.00115 0.00062 0.00090 0.00051 0.00346 0.01005 0.00201 0.00695 0.010 51 0.00299 0.01333
0.02004 0.06464
6"U C

20 0.00049 0.00564 0.11427 0.01706 0.00056 0.00011 0.00016 0.00155 0.00165 0.00084 0.00385 0.00010 0.01003 0.00495 0.00267

21 0.00561 0.00176 0.00324 0.00789 0.026 75 0.00042
0.00139

0.00057
0.00712
0.00487

0.00047
0.00010

0.00005 0.00089
0.00052

8 10
11 12 1.3 14

9

0.00060

0.00006

0.00229 0.00356 0.00556 0.01231 0..00376 0.00052
0.00127

0 C 7.7'
-v C

0.00032

15

0.00384 0.00004 0.00420 0.00527l

0. 00156 0.00019
0.0

0.00092
0.00009

16 .17 18 19 20

0.00066

0.0194
0.00782 0.07467 1. 06398 0.00454 0.*00142 0. 03522 0.,01594 0.02801 0.02072 0. 01840 0.035 71 1.33624

Q 164

0-.00595

1.08129

0.00699 0.00444 0..01185
0.00497

0. 00103 0.00135 0.00136 0. 00051 0.00003 0.*01040 0.00346 0. 00051 .00972 0.01961

0.00041 0.00016 0.00169 0.00048 0.00003 0.00079 0.00130 0.0011.3

0.11162

1.007178

0.00061 0.00359

0.00982
Q.02439

0.00484 0.00300 1.00279 0.00848
0.00909

0.01579

0.00114 0.00263 0.00103 0.00020 0.00112 0.00884 0.00561 0.003 79 0.00399 0.00501 0.00204 0.01099 1.-01367 0.04000 0.00909 0.02665 1.22831
0.00.160

0.00038 0.00035 0.00018 0.00028 0.00008 0.00292 0.01212 0..00474

0.00050

I-

0 T1 w

0.02256 0.00748 0.00972 1.05402
0.0.1168

0.00216

0.00876 0.009.30 0.00509 0.02387
0.01406

0.00471

23

24 25

0.02582 0.05505 1.25535

0.00775 0.01051 0. 01053 1.12908

0.01202

0.02682 0.02442 0..02470 1.24235

0.01191 0.03554 0.06011

0.02679

0.04386

0.03182 0.00740 0.04003 1.22691

1.03408

1.0'7341 0.01491 0.02578

1.419.54

1.35677
W1

DIRECT

TABLE 3 & INDIRECT REQUIEEMENTS 24 25 0.00058 0.0 0412 0.08164 0.05151 0.00068 0.00035 0.00055 0.00086 0.00084 0.00047A 0.00065 0.00028Q
0.002.51

TABLE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13

14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
17

0.00397

0.00188 0.0 0315 0.01064 0. 044.58 0.00590 0.00123 0.00250 0.00100 0.00095 0.00050 0.00147 0.00027

0.00697 0.00782 0.01231
0.01026

0.00572 0.00202 0.00488c
0.00733m

c

0..0.1063 0.01235r 0.01865 0.00583 0.06096 0.01884 0.0373 0 0.0144 3m 0.0459 0.05569 0.02433m 0.04596 1.13206 0.02133 25 0.. .03694 r 1r .19190rr 1.50750 1.50968

mn

x

m 00369 1.1190z
mn
N, -I

0

z

m DIRECT SECTOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10

TABLE 4 & INDIRECT INCOME 1 2

KESPCNSE
3

TABLE 4 5
0.04191

6
0.00038
-

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21

LIVESTOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCTION FOOD & KINDRED TEXTILES APPAREL LOGGING CAMPS SAwMILLS MILLWORK & PLYWCOO OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS FURNITURE & FIXTURES PAPER & ALLIED CHEMICAL & ALLIED RUBBER & PLASTICS PRIMARY METALS FABRICATED METALS MACHINERY E ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION EQUIP MISC. MANUFACTURING

22 23 24 25

WHOLESALE SERVICES

1

0.00924 0,23492 0.00254 0.00491 0.00027 0.00056 0.00007 0.00030 0.00032 0.00033 0.00010 0.00030 0.00005 0.00016 0.00009 0.00020 0.00005 0.00007 0.00022 0.00031 0.00460 0.03254 0.00043 0.00104 0.00033 0.00063 0.00138 0.00160 0.00073. 0.00278 0.00047 0.00100 0.00241 0.00711 0.2 7269 0.02314 0.000'71 0.00335 0.00041 0.00016
0.02640

0.00050 0.00022 0.01066 0.00082 0.2715 0.00739 0.00484 0.25956 0.00008 0.00020 0.00005 0.00046 0.00004 0.00018 0.00019 0.00360 0.00016 0.00329 0.00009 0.00208 0.00008 0.00165 0.00005 0.00214 0.OO1060.00108 0.00251 0.00218 0.00041 0.00169 0.00279 0.01002 0.00820 0.02124 0.00423 0.00777 0.02313 0.00147 0.00637 0.01850
0.01195

0.00930 0.00096 0.00216 0.11916 0.00006 0.00004 0.00036 0.00019
0.00005

0,00438 0.00140 0.00184 0.00003

-'
-'

U.31649
0.00022

0.00002 0 0 0.00043
0.00004

0.00036 0.00003 0.00189 0.00168 0.00048 0.00072 0.00772 0.00102 0.00127 0.00331
0.01282

0.00034 0.00002 0.00089 0.00076 0..00007 0.00095 0.00034 0.00208 0.00126

w

0.00240
0.00529

RETAIL

FIN. INS. a REAL EST TRANSPORTATION CCMM. a UTILITIES TOTALS

0.02535 0. 01920 0.00915 0.00.313 0.39497

0.02855

0.05557 0.04313 0.00772 0.00.550 0.44128

0.01515 0.01398 0.00292 0.02032 0.40252

0.03300

0.02597 0.01034 0.01122 0.00510 0.431.34

0.01177 0.00839 0.00745 0.00727 0.24640

0.00438 0.00585 0.00164 0.01070 0.36222
01
01i

01

DIRECT
7 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 0.00009 0.00064 8 0.00478 0.00966 9

TABLE 4 INDIRECT INCOM'E RESP(CNSE 10 0.00086
0.00469 0.00155

TABLE 13 0.00036 0.001:10 0.00355 0.00897 14 0.00013 0.0'0092 0.00051 0.00076 0.00004 0.00001 0.00002
0.00003

.11
0.00089

2 0.00010 0.000.30 0.00095 0.00177 0.00006 0.00044 0.00003
0.03237

15 0.00005 0.00012 0.00141 0.00120
0.00004

0.00108 0.00831
0.00230

0.00520
0.00300

0.00062

0.00113

0.00107 0.00005 0.02908 0.26706 0.00017 0.00014 0.00002 0.00005 0.00039 0.00143 0.00020 0.00029 0. 00028 0.00025 0.00154 0.00097 0.0013 5 0.00737 0.00600 0.00682 0.00690 0.00586 0.33866

V VV ~C ~~~VIY ~ ~ ~~
0.4309

0.00175 0.00013 0.00005 0.00006 0.28699 0.00006 0.00015 0.00005 0.00003 0.00016 0.00.191 0.00072 0.00268 0.00073 0.00623 0.03206 0.0 0174 0.01683 0.01856 0.01711 0.01560 0.01179

0.00205 0.00009 0.00005 0.00005 0.04309 0.25335 0.00120 0.00041 0.00013 0.00016 0.00147 0. 00060 0.00240 0.00195 0.00453
0.00561

0.00242 0.00009 0.00004 0.00004 0.04089 0.00236 0.26287 0.00018 0.00003 0.00282 0.00178 0. 00059 0.00083 0.00075

0.00209 0.00015 0.00005 0.00007 0.03998 0.01581 0.00535

0.00007

0.00004 0.00004

0.24448

0.00511

0.00512

0.00004 0.00032 0.00527 0.000.39 0.00145 0.00790 0.00428

0.00392 0.00009 0.00175 0.41641
0.00304

0.01726 0.01054
0.000.717

0.00002 0.00003
0.00021

Dic
2r

0-

0.00045
0.00009

0.00003 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
0.00021

0.00015 0.00004 0.00106 0.00001
0.00008

l-I-

~-I
C)
C C r

0.17974

3I-

0.00568

0.00484. 0.01081 0.02143 0.01222 0.01.137
0.40184

0.01233

0.00539 0..01286 0O.00836 0.00682 0.01196 0.01298

0.02189 0.02049 0.00939 0.00854 0.02402 0.01078
0.43750

0.00119 0.0002 5 0.01831 0.0254 9 0.00244 0.00063 0.00450 0.00772 0.00635 0.00556
0.01449

0.00609 0.00051 0.00106 0.00117 0.005.37 0.00378 0.00438 0.01074

0.00991

0.11304 0.00018 0..00011 0.00018 0.00113 0.00051 0.00067 0.00549 0.00838 0.00272

0.00063
0.00448

0.00019 0.24152 0.00033

0.00120 0.00033
0.00647

0.00190
0.00665 0.00822
0.00846

m

x

0.00574
0.52389

0.00595 0.00689

0.00 881 0.00218

m

0.02773

z
-I

0.39141

0.30651

0.14609

0.28478

0

z

-M m

DIRECT & INDIRECT INCOMIE RESPONSE TABLE
16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
0.00004

TABLE 4

z 22
2.3 0.00236 0. 00 182 0. 00 166 0. 01848 0. 00027 0
c

0.00013 0.00187 0.00126 0.00005 0.00002 0.00003 0.00025 0.00013 0.000.08 0..00094 0. 00002 0.00071 0.00055 0.00016 0.00113

0.00009 0.00015

17

18 0.00008 0.00056 0.00078 0.00004 0.00001 0.00001 0.00028 0.00033 0.00035 0.00012 0.00001 0.00175 0.00036
0.00005

19

20
0.00011 0..0013 0 0.00440 0.0000b 0.00003 0.00004 0.00043 0.00041 0.00022 0.00094 0.00004 0.00169 0.00051 0.00064 0.00390 0.00658

21
0.00130 0.00040 0.0008.5 0.00204 0.0001.3 0.00037 0.00031

0.26880 0.00189.

0.00174 0.003171 0.00007 0.00002 0.00003 0.00016 0.00038 0.00005 0..00023 0.00004 0.00028 0.00020 0.00188
0.01846

0.00012
0.27192
0.00022

0.00008 0.00010 0.00076 0.00112 0.00005 0.00002 0.00003 0.00011 0.00004 0.00044 0.00012 0.00001 0. 00013 0.00013 0..0002 7

0.03002

0.00297 0.00065

0.00053 0.00082 0.00146 0.00311 0.00042 0.00033 0.00010 0.00009

0.00016 0.00005

0.000 16

-0.00240

0.31028

0.00344 0.00716
0. 32152

0.00162

0.0012.3

0.00572
0.00104

0.02760

0.00052 0.00937 0.01580 0.01148 0.00570 .00864
-

0.01023

0.00660 0.00275 0.00799 0.01332

0..005'77 0.00438 0.00582 0.00326 0.00590
-

0.00141 0.00081 0..36472 0.00246

0.00202

0.00353

0,.00534 0.00678
0.01487

0.30617 0.00687

0.00027 0.00005 0.00047 0. 00149 0.00058 0.00091 0.00040 0.00116 0.00135 0.00074

0. 000 13 0.00033 0.00028
0. 00021 0.00058 0. 0+0104

0
m
r-

0.00319

0.00007 0.00003 0.00049 0.00126 0.00.114 0.000.54 0.00255 0.00251 0.00185

0.00016 0.000022
0. 00050 0.00116 0.00203 0.002 84 0. 00 109 00.00387 0.01 178 0.03641 0.59484 0. 00462 0. 00624 0.69 314

0
r-

m.

00

0.00756 0.00598
-

0.01511 0.00660 0.01100

0o01454
0.41718

0.024 15 0.02217 0.00281 0.00645 0.67155

0.595175

0.00693

0.00827

0.01763
0.64588

0.58349

0.00229 0.00969

-

0.40074

0..31130

0.44092

(n

(A CO

DIRECT

TABLE 4 6 JNDIRECT INCOME 24 25 0.00013 0.00095
0.02145

RESPONSE TABLE

1 2

3
4

0.00043 0.0007.3

0.00280

5
7

6
11
12

0.01150 0.00065
0.00039 0.00066

0.01329 0.00008n
0.00011A

0.00015>
0.00024n 0.00021D

83 0.00028 0.00023 0.00036

13 14.
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

0.00011
0.00061

0.00016
0.00012
0.00042

0
c

0.00072 0.00188 0.00304 0.00299 3.00287
0.00678

0.01771 0.02192 0.02798 0.02547 0.3.5033 0.00894 0.48958

0.00059 0.00049r 0.00121c 0,00214m 0.00333 0.00212 0.00547 0.00848m 0.03143m 0.01348

r
I

x

0.00660
0.28837 0.40111

m z
-

0

z

m DIRECT SECTOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12

C

INDIRECT

TABLE 5 LMPLCYNENI REQUIREMENTS'TABLE 2:3 0.00226 0.05765 0.00013 0.00033 0.00005 0.00005 0.00002 0.00003 0.00002 0.00002 0.00001 0.00002 0.00187 0.00006 0.00003 0.00012 0.00022 0.00006 0.00062 0.00288 0.00456 0.00100 0.00048 0.00029 0.07280
0.00003

z 5 6 0.00009 0.00108 0.00001 0.00012
0.00000

1 0.06674 0.00568 0.00004 0.00022 0.00004 0.00001 0.00001 0.00002 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00026 0.00003 0.00002 0.00011 0.00006 0.00003 0.00021 0.0026?

4 0.00012 0.00262 0.01394 0.00032 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00002 0.00001 0.00001 0.00000 0.00006 0.00014 0.00002 0.00013 0.00062 0.00033 0.00141 0.00055 0.00121 0.00124 0.00018 0.00108 0.02438

13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 2.3 24 25

18

LIVESTOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCTION FOOD & KINDRED TEXTILES APPAREL LOGGING CAMPS SAWMILLS MILLWORK & PLYWOOD OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS FURNITURE & FIXTURES PAPER C ALLIED CHEMICAL C ALLIED RUBBER PLASTICS PRIMARY METALS FABRICATED METALS MACHINERY C ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION EQUIP MISC. MANUFACTURING WHOLESALE RETAIL SERVICES FIN.. INS. C REAL EST TRANSPORTATION COMM. & UTILITIES

0.00038
0.01731
0.00002

0.00005 0.00020

0.01174 0.00228 0.00005 0.00014
0.01114

c
c

0.00001

0.00005 0.00003 0.00019
0.00034

0.00000 0.00001
0.00002

0.00022 0.00019 0.00006 0.00013 0.00010
0.00018

0.00002 0.00000 0.00004 0.00010 0.00010
C.00003 0.00000

0.026bb 0.00000 0.00001
0.00004

0 0

0.00000 0.00004 0.00005 0.00004D 0.00000 0.00005> 0.0000.3D 0.00016 0.00008 0..00021
0.00000

C

0.C0048 0.00162 0.0O0bO

D

&

0.00208
0.00044 0.00057 0.00017 0.07944

0.00032

0. 00009 0.00160 0.00333 0.00213 0.00024 0..00070 0.00027 0.03052

0.00003 0.00059 0.00008 0.00008 0.00029 0.00129 0.00097 0.00019

0.00047

0.00039 0.03006

0.00053 0.00014 0.00010
0.00036 0.02995

0.00057

TOTALS

C:' (O

DIRECJ

TABLE 5 & INDIRECT EMPLOYMENT

REQUIREMENTS TABLE

7 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 12 13 14 15 lb 17 18 19

8

9

10 0.00115 0.00008 0.00016 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00216 0.00024 0.02832 0.00002 0.00000 0.00015 0.00010 0.00003 0.00004 0.00006
0.00040

11 0.00128 0.00015 0.00014 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00211 0.00162 0.00058 0.02738 0.00000 0.00002 0.00030 0.00002 0.00007 0.00060 0.00033 0.00035 Op 0 0 1 9 0 0.00207 0.00077 0.00020 0.00151 0.00057 0.0422.3

12 0.00007 0.00005 0.00012 0.00001 0.00004 0.00000 0.00013 0.00040 0.00001 0.00020 0.03425 0.00016 0.00007 0.00001 0.00088 0.00194 0.00C19 0.00004 0.00039 0.00078 0.00119 0.00015 0.0003.5 0.00031 0.04176

13

14

15

1

0.00002

ii

0.00016 0.00003 0.00007 0.00000 0. 00240 0.04690 0.00001 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00003 0.00008 0.00001 0.00002

0.00117

0.00001
0.00002 0.00012 0.00006 0.00012 0.00074
0.00O049

20

21 22 23 24 25

0.00016 0.00043 0.00031 0.05223

0.00237 0.0006 0.00012 0.00001 0.00000 0.0001 0,.01518 0.0000 0.00002 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00011 0.00004 0.00013 0.00006 0.00048 0.00195 0.00015 0.00170 0.00152 0.00040 0.00098 0.00063 0.027126

0.00026
0.00204 0.00014 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00228

0.00021

0.00022

0.00002

0.00009
0.00027 0.00018 0.00060 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00091
0.00108

0.00003
0.00023 0.00003 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.00000

0.00001
0.00003 0.00007 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001
0.00002

0.00012

D n >
D

w
c c
-

0.0260

0.00013 0.00005 0.00001 0.00001 0.00008 0.00004 0.00012 .00015 0.000.35 0.00034 0.00042

0.00008 0.00005 0.00001 0.00974 0.00035 0.00003 0.00005 0.00009 0.00023 0.00038 0.00109 0.00081 0.00014 0.00043 0.00148 0.01852

0.00109

0.00101 0.00050 0.00077 0.00061 0..03656

0.00031 0.00047 0.00130 0.00069 0.00016 0.00075 0.0006'9 0,03752

0.00042

0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001 0.00649 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00009 0. 00003 0.00006 0.0005.5 0. 00072 0.000.19 0.00017 0.00012 0.0C882

0.00000 0.00012 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001 0.01425 0.00002 0.00005 0.00009 0.00002 0.00016 0.00045

m
x

0.00053

m
m
-1
-

0.00015 0.00052 0.00045 0.01707

0

z

m

OIRECI 16
1 2 3 4 6 7
3

&

TABLE 5 INDIRECT EMPLOYMENT REQUIREMENTS TABLE 18 19 0.00002 0.00003 0.00004 0.00007 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
0.00001

z

17 0.00002 0.00004 0.00009 0.00025 0.00001 0.00000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00004 0.00001 0.00003 0.00000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00011 0.00089 0.02366 0.00009 0.00095 0.00130 0.00027 0.00036 0..00046 0.02951

20 0.00003 0.00032 0.00153 0.00029
0.00001

21
0.00032 0.00010 0.00004 0.00014
0.00028

5

19 20
21 22 23 24 25

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0.00001 0.00003 000010 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00010

0.00001 0.00002 0.00003 0.00005
0.00000

0.00013

22

23
0.00058 0.00045o 0.00008 0.00123
0.00003

0.00020 0.00007

0.00021
0.00001 0.00006
0.00001

c
c -'

0.00004

0.00000
0.00004 0.00003 0.00001 0.01291 0.0001.3 0.00015

0.00010 0.00030
0.00072
0.00054

0.00003 0.00089

0.00000 0.00000 0.00002 0.00003 0.00004 0.00001 0.00000 0.00009 0.00002 0.00001 0.00012 0.00044 0.02107

0.00000 0.00005 0.00001 .O0OOUO 0.00001 0.00001 0.00002 0.00133 0.00011

0.00000 0.00001 0.00002 0.00004 0.00002

0.00001 0.00006 0.00002 0.00007 0.00003

0.00001
0.00002
0.00002

0

0.00001 0.00001

0.00003 0.00002
0.00002

m

0.00011

0.00001
0.00004 0.00008 0.00003 0.00005

0.00001

0.00001 0.00009
0.00058 0.00036 0.0001.3 0.00020 0.00031 0.02366

0.02223 0.00021
0.00054 0.00056 0.00034

0.00006

0.00000 0.00009 0..00003 0.00004 0.00019 0.00050 0.00016

0.00000
0.00003 0.00007 0.00007 0.00003 0.00019 0.00019
0.00060

0 w

0.00002
0.00009 0.00010
0.00005

0.00022 0.02654

0.00011

0.00002 0.00003 0.00006A 0.00C03 0.00006> 0.00015A 0..00022

0.00006 0.00050 0.00071 0.01658

0.00041l

0.00032 0.02644

0.00069 0.00.124 0.00015 0.00069 0.00077 0.03370

0.06018 0.00203 0.00051 0.00018 0.00034 0.06505

0.00028

0.00084 0.04191 0.00041 0.00014 0.00052 0.05186

0.00007 0.00034
0.00119 0.00299 0.01375 0.00029 0.00033 0.02202

Ia)

DIRECT

C

INDIRECT

TABLE 5 EMPLLJYMENT

REQUIREMENTS

TABLE

24 2 3 4 5 6
7

25 0.00023 0.00110 0.00089 0.00001n 0.00001
0.0000.3

1

0.0 0011 0.00018 0.00014 0.00077 0.00006 0.00003

0.00003

8 10 11 12 13 14

90.00002
0.00001

0.00012

15

0.00001 0.00004 0.00001 0.00004 0.00004

0.00001n 0.00002 0.00001 0.00002D

0.00001 0,00002
0.00003

0.00011

0.00003

c
C

16 17 18 19

20
21 22 23 24 25

0.00015 0.00023 0.00022 0.0004.1 0.00154 0.00221 0.00230 0.00059 0.02199 0.00048 0.03180

0.00006 0.00016m 0.00026 0.0001.3m 0.00047 0.0006 0.00258m 0.000310.00041

x m
z

0.01536 0.02306

-a

0

z

m
m-

TYPE
+ i a r A err i it

TABLE 6 I MULTIPLIERS
".i " M + ! \ i+ i i M i ! \

z

S ECTOR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20

I-_OUTPUT
1.53 1.74 1.45

MUL TI PL IERS--_-I

INCOME
1.71 1.53

EMPL. 1.40 1.29 1.82 2.90

C C C 0

L IVESTOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCTION
FOOD

1.92
1.67 1.15 1.28 1.57
1.63

TEXTILES APPAREL
LOGGING

&iKINDRED)

1.51

MILLWORK t

SAWMILLS
PAPER

CAMPS
PLYWOOD PRODUCTS

1.16 1.22 1.46
1.36

1.5.3

2.22

1.77

1.15 1.13 1.86
1.44 1.34

r
0
on r-

OTHER WOOD
FURNITURE

1.50 1..45

& FIXTURES & ALLIED CHEMICAL & ALLIED

1.66

1.51

1.79

1.53
1.26

1.26 1.4 1 1.18
1.30

1.55
1.22
2.03 1.40

& PLASTICS MACHINERY & ELECTRIC TRANSPURTATLUN EQUIP
RUBBER

PRIMARY
MISC. FIN.

1.17 1.13 1.34 1j.13
1.24

1.82
1.37 1.15

1.48 1.20 1.33 1.13
1.19

CD

METALS

FABRICATED METALS

21 22 23 24 25

WHOLESALE & RETAIL
SERVICES
COMM.

MANUFACTURING

TRANSPORT AT ION

INS.

& UTILITIES

&REAL

EST

1.42 1.23 1.2.3 1.36 1.51 1.51

1.44 1.14 1.14 1.25 1.58 1.66

1.21

1.34 1.10 1.12 1.72 1.64 1.79
CA)

0)

DIRECT, SECTOR 1 2 3 4 5
6

TABLE 7 INDIRECT, & INDUCED REQUIREMENTS TABLE 1 1.18830 0.10501 0.00925 0.02730 0.03171 0.00124 0.00283 0.00200 0.00125 0.00083 0.00284 0.00082 0.00.399 0.05012 0.00366 0.00324 0.00849 0.00192
0.00490

2 0.05022 .1.02526 0.01698 0.03500 003.370 0.00260 0.00399 0.00213 0.00214 0.001.30 0.00361 0.00095 0.00485 0.32004 0.00641 0.00468 0.00969 0.01613
0.00678

3 0.01154 0.05090 1.04495 0.03335 0.02924 0.00089 0.00276 0.00155 0.00149 0.00098 0.00286 0.00084 0.00905 0.0.301.3 0.00361 0.01322 0.03194 0.02098 0.06726 0.03656

4 0.01099 0.00850 0.03528

5 0.21316 0.04322 0.00773 0.01729

6

LIVESTOCK AGRICULTURE OTHE MINING

CONSTRUCTION

FOOD a KINDRED

1.02178
0.03235
0.00287 0.00346 0.01399 0.01423 0.00869 0.00950 0.00590 0.00934 0.02732 0.00906 0.04260 0.07695 0.03447 0.07938

0.01009 0.02319 0.0113.1 0.02026

1.09118
0.00062 0.00174 0.00184 0.00128 0.00057 0.00303

0.02597
1.00550 0.00241 0.00158 0.00252 0.00072 0.00370 0.00070 0.00775 0.01263 0.00201 0.00559 0.00460 0.01250n 0.00676 0.02144

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19

TEXTILES APPAREL LOGGING CAMPS SAWM[LLS MILLWORK & P-LY6COD OTHER WoOD PRODUCTS FURNITURE & FIXTURES PAPER ALLIED CHEMICAL £ ALLIED RUBBER & PLASTICS PRIMARY METALS FABR.ICATED METALS MACHINERY ELECTRIC

&

0.00051

TRANSPORTATION

&

EI~UI P

20

21

MISC.

24

22 23

MANUFACTURING WHOLESALE & RETAIL SERVICES FIN. INS. & REAL EST
TRANSPORTATION

0.02267

0.18569

0.04051

0.900796
0.20981
0.07934 0.74115
MM

0.20584
0.21947 0.23983

0.16379

0.01292 0.01978 0.00316 0.00409 0.02882 0.00703 0.00573 0.02035

c

c
I

0.10962
0.08841 0.10559

0.13809
0.09316

0.15322 0.17963

25 26

COMM. UTILITIES HOUSEHOLDS
..

&

0.06140
0.06629 0.67865

0.06052 3.15315

0.13721 0.17299 0.69162
mlrr

0.08234 0.75822

0.04.1880.13833
2.73993
.r

0.16428 0.17100

0.07102

0.04392
0..06333 0.42337

0.10708 0.14353m

m x r
mi
z-I

0.034480.62238

2.80324
ii!.llr

TOTALS 2.89729

2.31830
rrers

2.31996

0

z

rn
DIRECT,

INDIRECT, 9
10

TABLE 7 & INDUCED
11

r-

REQUIREMENTS

IABLE
13
14

z
15 0. 00686 0. 003179
n -I

7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1.1 12 13 14
15

8
0.03070 0.04690
0.01144

12

0.00829 0.00667
0.00797

0.01403 0.04069
0.01542

0.01282 0.02485
0.01239

0.01406 0.02760
0.01861

0.01264 0.00 7.32
0.01230

0.069 0.0082 7

0.01643 0.02447 0. 09 29 6 1.01350 0.00132 0.00129 0.00063 0.00236 0.00154 0.01081 0.00687

0.02238 0.03170
0.00096

25 26

0.00274 0.00409 18 0.01018 19 0.00.574 20 0.0169*7 21 0.13323 22 0.10348 23 0.13663 24 0.04959 1b 17

0.00283

0.00302 1.04376 0.00117 0.00127 0.00293 0.00084 0.00389 0.02470 0.00505 0.01291 0.00660 0.02877 0.02167 0.18223 0.1510.5
0.18907

0.900088 0.00279
0.15744 1.02750 0.0C526 0.00422 0.0010.2 0.00369 0.02003 0.00442 0.01163 0.01051 0.02208 0.01909 0.03121 0.16160 0.132 02
0.18620

0.02249 0.02927

0.02351
0.02854 0.00083 0.00269 0.14943 0.01041 1.01185 0.00321 0.00078 0.01943 0.02294 0.00431 0.00525 0.0063.1 0..02409 0.01764 0.03278 0.16138 0.122'13
0.15599

0.02395 0.03232
0.00096

0.02582 0.03763
0.00236

0.01860
0.04585 0.02237
0.00069

0. 00398 0.0U0568 0. 00434
0.00823

0
C

0.01008
0. 0149

0.09208

0.00309 0.00348 0.14619 0.00970 0.06500 0.01698 0.00119 0.021217 1.00529 0.01050 0. U0081.00099 0.00486 0.02164 0.05721 0.01912 0.00369 0.00353 0.00797 0.07658 0.09241 0.03124 0.02163 0.01594 0.01960 0.00651 0.09126 0.03452 0.1.90 79 0.19983 0.13659 0.16931
0..17601

0.00213 0.06335 0.04335 0.00346 0.00380 1.07133 0.06321 0.00356 0.005 77 0.00694 0.02396 0.0 1318 0.02622 0..12 754_ 0.10161 0.04697 0..15603 0.52675
r

0.00030 0.00100
0.00043
0.00043 0.00028 0. 00097 0. 00029 0.00222 1. 09137 0. 00143
0. 0.

0.01071

0.00075

00115

0.00201 0.00611 0. 00 763 0.*06141 0.05 5b7 0.06876 002055 0. 0287.3 0.25102
M i ! i M iM

00275

0..06996 0.58189
r r i

0.08513 0.10693 0.74049
! r M i

0.07188 0.10128 0:.69045
i i M S i' i i .

0.07018 0.10651 0.67253
i i M i .

0.11288 0.10366 0.75173
i i i

0.06018 0.09445 0.90016
i i r

0.203 78

0.12328
i i i .

0.00057 0. 0019.3 0. 00135 0. 00121 0.00060 0. 006 14 0.00054 0.00243 0. 00599 1.00615 0.002 70 0. 00487 0.00821 0,.00350 0. 01688 0.10911 0. 08955 0.:11654 0.04950 0..0 7342 0.4 89 32
i rnrli

C

--I

0
I-

0
'1 a-

r

r

+

2.31241

2.84763

2.78716

2.70281

3.0b838

3.03889

2.51767

1.63745

2.04674
0)

O)

DIRECT, L6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1b 17 18 L9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
.

INDIRECT,

T1AbLE C INDUCED) REQUIREMiENTS
19

7

TABLE
22 0.01734 23 0.02636 0.09674
0.01585 0.0177c 0.05155

17

18,
0.00145 0.00390 0.00728 0.01431 0. 02239
0.00060

20

21

0.00768 0.00425 0.01244 0.01651 0..02325 0.00064 0.00157 0.0012 0 0.01083 0.00587 0.00061 0.00639 0.00999

0.00971 0.00526 0.01.327

0.02890

0.00218

0..02900 0.00081

0.00219 1.08883
0.00900 0.0112.3 0.0073? 0.02354 0.12677 0.09986 0.12300 0.05L13 0.09847 0.55244
l i

0.00144 0.00241 0.00083 0..00345 0.00081 0.004.37 0.00783 0.00972 0.07659 1.06779 0.00982 0.00507 0.04979 0.15876 0.13788 0.16183 0.05070

0,00270

0,01063 0.13055 0.01018 0.02029 0.03165 0.00086

0.01021 0.01042 0.03217 0.03011 0.0008 7

0.12117
0.00285

0.00201

0.00169 0.002 01 0. 00186 0.00247 0.00058 0.01252 0.00803 0.02257 1.011868 0.00.344 0.01491 0..12076 0.09311 0.12478 0.03 562 0.0664.3 0-.53488
U Y lir Ml i ii

0.00294

0.02126 0.00945 0.01436 0.03221 0.07-432 0.00164

0.01095 0.01625
0.03569
0.04952

0.00198 U. 01121

0.00134 0.00110 0.00240 0.00326 0.00082 0.00380 0.00777 0.00322

0.1137.3
0.00903 0.00881 1.00680 0.02450 0.16622 0.13291 0.18869 0.05995 0.08424 0.75 761
l iii r

0..08982 0.68856
1 I i'a + " M

0.0024 3 0.00254 0.00151 0.00648 0.00085 0.01288 0..01108 0.00465 0.01778 0.0265.3 0.0129 8 0.01352 1.06918 0.16036 0.14117 0-.16506 0.06915 0.71681
riili+

0.00573

0.00170 0.00173 0.00172 0.00122 0.00436 0-.00124 0.00 733 0.02160 0.00780 0.00525 0.0.1490 0.01782 0.01097 0.047.35 0.2442 5 1.21117 0.26892 0.05945

0.002 55 0.00405 0.00211 0.00443 0.00232 0~01343 0.01547 0.00696 0.00481 0.01038 0.013 87 0.03540 1.25.300 0.22799 0.2865.3 0.06321 0..11733 1.153 88
l i i Y .

0.00544

0.00178

0.00815

0..00265 0.00262 0.00173 0.00528 0..00175 0.00819 0.0202.3 0.00535 0.00802 0.01354 0.0196.5

0.00498

03

C) C C
r-

0.009.30

0.11645

0.12725
1.10978
1/ 1 V

0.03853 0.26707 0.25469 1.32786 0.07077
0,.11938

m

x

1.19098
ii i

m

z

rl

2.28782

2.62311

2.12874

2.65827

2.75921

3-.38483

3.30101

3.5:8264

CD)

0

z

m
DIRECT,

INDIRECT,
24

TABLE
C

LNDUCEDJ 4EQULREMENTS TABLE 26 0.02330 0 .01146 0,.01655 0.03620 0.07084
0 .00182

7

z

25 0.00993 0.00872 0.008828 0. 06604 0.029.10 0. 00108 0.00314 0.00170 0. 00 169 0.00111 0.00318 0.00100 0.00524 0.01161 0.00392 0. 006 79 0. 01114 0.0.1764 0.00948 0.03342 0.15738 0.16567 0.17158 0. 05365 1.2460 7 0.68921

1 2 3 4 5 6 I 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0.01329 0.00876
0.01875

0.06231
0.04058 0.00212

-o c

0.00203

0.00566

0.00645
0.00210

16 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19

0.00198 0.00128 0. 00456 0.00115 0.0073.1 0.01416 0.0101.3 0.0 1465 0. 01492 0.0 1708

0.004 73

0 .002 12 0.00160 0.00631 0 .00179 0.00682 0.01468 0.00478 0.00951 0 .013 18 0.00911 0.*03635 0.35638 0 .27418 0.367 10 0.08059 0.13504 1. 71823 3.21126

0 m
r-

0
1

00

0.02311
0. 0787lb

0.2.1178 0.183 83

0 .22569 1.17152 0. 10.306 3.07967

0.8412.

2.79777

co

DIRECT, SECTOR I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14

INDIRECT, 1 0.21482

TABLE 8 E INDUCED INCOME 2 0.01161
J.23b08

RESPONSE TABLE
4 0.CC254 0.00196 0.00921 0.26359 0.00359 0.00090 0.00091 0.00385 0.00351 0.00226 0.00232 0.00246 0,.00157
0.00284

3 0.00267 0.01.172 0.27450 0.00860 0.00324 0.00028 0.00073 0.00043 0.00037

5 0.04930 0.00995 0.00203

6 0..00233 0.00534 0.00297 0.00523 0..00288a 0.31669A 0.00064 0.00043 0.00062n 0.00019A 0.00090 0.00029 0.00130
0.00131

LIVESTOCK OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCTION 1-O00 KINDRED TEXTILES APPAREL LEGGING CAMPS SAi~MILLS MILL ,ORK£ PLYWOOD OTHER WOUD PRODUCTS FURNITURE & FIXTURES PAPER & ALLIED

0..02418

&

15 16 17 18
19

PLASTICS RUBBER PRIMARY METALS FABRICATEL) METALS MACHINERY & ELECTRIC
TRANSPORTATION

CHEMICAL &

0.00243 0.00704 0.00352 0.00035 0.00075 0.00055 0.00031 0.00022 0.00069 0.00034 0.00067
0.00520

0.00446 0.00903 0.00374 0.00082

0.00446
0.12109 0.00020 0.00046 0.00051 0.00032 0.00015 0.00074 0.00021 0.00217 0.00076 0.00101 0.00840 0.00190
0.00208 0.00205

0.00105

0.00059
0.00053 0.00034 0.00088 0.00039 0.00081
0.03321

0.00026
0.00070 0.00035 0.00152
0+.00313

E

ALLIED

0.00088 0.00080 0.00248
0.00178

20 21 22 2.3 24 25

MISC. WHOLESALE & RETAIL SERVICES REAL EST FIN. INS. TRANSPORTATION E UTILITIES COMM.

EQUIP MANUFACTURING

0.00214
0.00658 0.10913 0.08646 0.09954 0.01900 0.01604

0.00154 0.00116 0.00283 0.004.35

0.00246

0.00087 0.00327 0.00931 0.00566
0.02446 0.01062

0.00218 0.01053 0.02244 0.00930
0.00290

&

0.01177 0.12098 0.12384 0. 13290 0.01873 0.01992

0.09626 0.01742 0.09586 0.01296 0.03-347

0.02306 0.12335 0.09270 0.09809 0.02198 C.C1919

0.00591 0.06443
0.04989 0.05852 0.013.59 0.01532

0.00048 0.00138 0.00134n 0.00337 0.00246 0.00623 0.08116

c r-

c

0.079540.01067 0.02254

0.06042m

m x
ran m

z

-I

0

z

D.1i ECI, 7 8 0.00710 0.01080 0.00301 0.00577 0.*00352 0.00030 0.00080 0.28723 0.00029 0.00033 0.00071
0.00035
0.0325

INDIRECT,& 9 10

TABLE 8 INDUCED INCOME RESPUNSE TABLE 11
0.00325

m P-o
2D

z

3r

12

13
0.00201

14

15

-u
8D

1 0.00192
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.00154 0.00209 0.00424 0.00272 0.02928 0.26764 0.00036 0.00032 0.00016 0.00057

0.00937 0.00405 0.00580

0.00296 0. 00572 0. 00326
0.00608 0.00317

0.00292
0.00169 0.00323 0.00666 0..00418 0.00074 0,00092 0.00267 0.00419 0.00031 0.00256 0.41680 0.00364 0.00198 0.00085

0.00092
0.00131 0.00114 0.00212 0.00119 0.00010 0.00026
0.00012

0.u0159
0.00087 0.00228 0.00018 0.00051 0.00037 0.00030 0.00016

0.00636 0.006 18 0. 00359 0.00030 0.00082 0.04023 0.01604 0.00553 0.24515 0 .00031 0.00082 0. 00594 0.00089 0.00197 0. 00911 0.00584
0.

0.00490

0.00028

0.00325

0.00074 0.04333 0.25356 0.00137 0.00103
0.00043 0.00062 0.00208

0.00026 0.0007.1 0. 04112 0.00251

0.00190 0.00488 0.01183 0.00248 0.00022 0.00056 0.01743 3.01070
0.00090

0.00265 0.0C386

0

C
--I

0 0

0.00011
0.00007

0.26303

v i'1

12 0.00064 1.3 0.00182 14 0.00071

0:.00065
0.00256

0 .00078 0.00032 0-.00327

15 0.00068 16 0.00068 17 0..00119 18 0.00275 20 21 22 23 24 25
19 0.00209

0.00121 0.0.0319 0.00193 0.00776 0.00629 0.10710 0.08523 0.104 78 0.02635 0.02587 0.72663

0.00O493 0.07830 0.05839

0.03349

0.00106 0.00287 0.00307 0.00596
0.00694

0.00238 0. 00104
0.00130

0.00184
0.00650

0.0189.3

0.00031 0.18009 0.00656 0.00086
0.00202

C.00093

0.00024
0.00012 0.00037 0.11326 0.OOui'

0.00150
0.00023 0.00041 0.00062 0.24184

0.07571 0.015.35

0.00908 0.09497 0.07450
0.10318

0.00642 0.00952 0. 09485
0.06891 0. 02172 0-.02.577

00713

0.01693 0.57099

0.,02224 0.02450 0.67752

0. 08644 0.65993

0. 02651 0-*1121.3 0.07707 0.09754 0. 03493
0.02508

0.02695 0.004.30 0.00237 0.01003 0.11745 0.09 554
0.1.1292

0.00143

00028
0.00059 0.00165 0.00100 0.00.222 0.03609 0. 03.141

0.00067

w

0.00646

0.00480 0.00762 0.07496 0.05734
0.0832

0.01862 0.0228 5 0.88330

0.01454 0.037 75 0.51689

0.03810 C .CC636

0.00142 0.00222 0.00127 0.00490 0.0641.3 0.05053
0.06458

0.00695 0.24632

0.0.17 7o
0.48015
0)

0.01532

0.73766

0

DIRECT, 10 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 17

INDIRECT, 18

TA3LE 8 & IJDUCED INCOME RESPONSE TABLE 19 20 0.0023B 0.00240 0.03183 0.008.30 0.00334
0.00027

21.22 0.00492 0.00218 0.00377 0.00831 0.00825 0.00052 0.00151 0.00070
0.00100

23 0.00401 0.00252 0.00421 0.00921 0.00550
0.00054

11
13
15
16

14 17 18

0.00178 0.00224 0.00098 0,00121 0.00327 0.0.348 0.00426 0.00746 0.00258 .0.00322 0.00020 0.00025 0.00058 0.0001 0.00043 0.00040 0.00030 0.00059 0.00022 0.00022 0.00143 0.00084 0.00026 0.00034 0.00107 0.00074 0.00104 0.00081 0.00053 0.00234
0.26918

0.00172

0.00090 0.00191 0.00369 0.00249 0.00046 0.00050 0.00048 0.00060 0.00024 0.00211 0.00083 0.00048
0.00217

0.00019 0.00055

0.00246 0.00127 0.00267 0.00524 0.00351 0.00027 0.00078 0.00037 0.00027 0.0002 0.00080 0.00034 0.00064 0.00081 0.00077
0.02812

0.00610 0.00365 0.00467 0.02496 0.00572
0.00056

0.00075 0.00067 0.00063 0.00039 0.00158 0.00035 0.00216 0.00115

0.00055 0.00108 0.00097 0.00226 0.00161

0.00144 0.00048 0.00042 0.00032 0.00106 0.00052
0.00123

0.00131 0.00073 0.00065 .00045 0.00129 0.00073
0.00138

0

0.00224

0.00210

0.001.12
0.C0440 0.00774 0. 00350 0.00492 0.31058
0.09425

0.00161
0.00119

0.00188

19 20
21

0.00263 0.00303 0.00268 0.00684
0.07451

0.31139 0.00265 0.001 4 0,.0144t6
0.09331

0.01893

0.00658

0.27303 0.00125 0.00433

22

23

0.05635

0.06816
0.0160C1
0.02382

0.07780

24 25

0.09300
0.01569 0.02173

0a01097 0.052.54
0.52486

0.00263 0.00238 0.36618 0.00712
0.09769

0.00303 0.003 74 0.002 97 0.01028
0.73641

0.000130 0.00435
0.00481 0.00399 0.01375
0.1435.5

0.0029
0.00198 0.00395 0.00530 0.00338 0.01119
0.15696

c

x
mn
mn

0.06915
0.01102 0.01607

0.07500

0.10456
0.01855 0.020.38

0.01966

0.09147
0.02140 0.02817
0.70339

0.12864

0.158 78

0.68342.
0.14903 0.01840

0.1-4371

0.73584 m z
-

0.01956 0.02839

0.03079

0.02190 0.02888

0.54210

0.67567

0.74342

1.1.3227

1.08899

1.16868

0

z

-o r DIRECT, INDIRECT, 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 0.00307 0.00202 0.00492 0.01607 0.00450 0.0Cbl7 0.00149 0.00056 0.00049 0..00033 25
tL

TABLL INDUCED INCOME RES~PONSE TABLE

11 12
13 14 15

0.00111
0.00048

0.00230 0.00201 0,02319c 0.01704 0.00323c 0.00034 0.00.083o 0.00047l 0.00042m 0.00029 0.00078

0

o

16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

0.0012.3 0.00147 0.00244 0.00362 0.00435 0.00461 0.00840 0.02288 0.12447 0.1037.3 0.12501 0.36254 0.02493 0.82546

0.00041

0.00088 0.00120 0.00094 0.00168 0.00325 0.00476 0.00345 0.00971 0.09250 0.09348 0.09508 0.01660 0.30147 0.67630

N~

DIRECT, INDIRECT, SECTOR
I

TAdLE 9 C INDUCED EMPLOYMENT REQUIREMENTS TABLE 1 2 0.0C284 0.05794 0.00023 0.00060 0.00035 0.00007 0.00018 0.00003 0.00005 0.00004 0.00010 3 0.00065 0..00288 0.01403 0.00057 0.00030
0.00002 4

5 0.01207
0.00244 0.00010 0,00030 0.01132 0.00002 0.00008 0.00003 0.00003 0.00002

6 0.00057
0.00131 0.00015 0.00035 0.00027 0102618 0.00011 0.00002 0.00006 0.00002

OTHER AGRICULTURE MINING CONSTRUCTION FOOD C KINDRED 6 TEXTILES 7 APPAREL 8 LOGGING CAMPS 9 SAWMILLS 10 MILLWORK C PLYWOOD 11 OTHER WOOD PRODUCTS 12 FURNITURE C FIXTURES ALLIED .13 PAPER 14 CHEMICAL & ALLIED 15 RUBBER C PLASTICS

2 3 4 5

LIVESTOCK

&

16

PRIMARY

17 18 19 20
21

22 23 24

WHOLESALE

FABRICATED METALS MACHINERY C ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION EQUIP MISC. MANUFACTURING
C

METALS

0.0059.3 0.00012 0.00047 0.00033 0.00003 0.00013 0.00003 0.00003 0.00002 0.00008 0.00003 0.00004 0.00030 0..00005
0.00004

0.06726

0.00062 0.00048 0.00041 0.01758 0.00034
0.00007

0.00003

0..00013 0.00002 0.00004 0.00003 0.00008

0.00016 0.00020

0.00036

0.00003
0.00008 0.00018 0.00005
0.00016

0.00004

0.00191 0.00009
0.00006

0.00024 0.00026 0.00020 0.00009 0.00016 0.00013
0.00051

0.00008 0.00002

0.00010 0.00002
0.00007 0.00008 0.00003

0.00012 0.00012 0.00004
0.00005

c
c mn

0.00007

0.00019 0.00017 0.00011 0..00057
0.01.102

0.00022 0.00034. 0..00015 0.00102
0.01222

0.0007 0.0004 0.00149 0.00092
0.00972

0.00171 0.C0072 0.00018

0.00200
0.01246

0.00064 0.00015 0.00013 0.00051
0.00651

0.00010 0.00026 0.00015

0.00054

25

SERVICES FIN. INS. C REAL EST TRANSPORTATION COMM. C UTILITIES TOTALS

RETAIL

0.00 8204

x

0.00710 0.00230 0.00'119 0.00085 0.09840

0.0101.7 0.00307 0.00118
0.00106

0.006.36 0.00222 0.00081

0.00178

0.00761 0.00227 0.00138 0.00102 0.05123

0.00410 0.00135 0.00085 0.00082 0.04189

0.00496 0.00184 0.00067 0.00120Z0.04734N-

rm

0.09398

0.04371

0

z

-v

m
D~kELCT,

INDIRECT, 7 0.00019 0. 00230 0.00021 0.00039 0.0x0030 0.00002 0. 00013

TABLIE 9 &,INDUJCED EMPLOYMENT

rREQUIREMENTS TABLE

z
14 15 0.*00039
0.

7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. 12 13 14 15 16~ 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 0.00047 0.000.38 0.000.11 0.00028 0.00025 0.00242 0.00003 0.00002 0.00006 0.00005
0.00010 0.00004 0.04701 0.00002

8

10 0. 00073 0. 00140
0.

11 0. 00080

12 0 .000 72 0.00041
0.00017

13 0.00049 0. 00047 0.0002.5 0. 00079 0.0002.3 0. 000 02 0. 00010
0.0009

0.00174 0.00265 0.00015 0.00038 0.00033 0.00002

0.00014 0.01520

0.00003 0.00004 0.00008 0.00003

0.00229
0.02606

0.00004

0.00004
0.00015

0.00003 0.00015 0.00009 0.00015 0.00021 0.00060 0.00013 0.0.0204 0.00043 .0.00055 0.00791 0.01082 0.00479 0.00700 0.00175 0.00242 0.00096 0.0016.5 0.00090 0.001 38
^

0.00007

0.000.15 0.000 12 C0.0004 0. 0000 3 U0.000 12 0.00006 0. 00014 0.00023 0,00046

0.00041 0,00030 0.00002 0.00012 0.00218 0.00026
0.

00017

0

0.00025 0 .00034

.00156

0. 00041 0.00002 0. 000 14 0. 0021.3 0.00165 O. 00060 0. 02746 0. 000 03 0. 00004 0. 000.34

02834

0.00009

0. 000 18
0.03014

0. 00003

C.00042 0.000.79

0.00959 0.00612 0.00239 0. 00140 0.00131 0.05585

0.00006 0. 00006 0.000 14 0.00050 0.00039 0.00083
0.00958

0 .00005
0.00009

0.00044 0. 000.39 0.00006 0.00016 0. 00014 0. 00043 0 .00003 0.*00029 0. 0342 9 0.00020 0. 00011 0. 00005

0. 014 00 0.00011

0.00023 0.00032 0.000006 0. 00001

00021 0.00014

C -I

0
C -{ C

0.00026

0.00110 0.000010
0.

0. 00200 0. 00136 0. 00137 0.05631

U.00566

0.00069 0 .00045 0.00043 0.00230 0.0113.3 0.0 0633 0. 00225 0. 0021 0 .00.134 0.06323

0. 1 0009 0. 00205
0. 00033 0. 00014 0.0008 7 0.01186 0.00784 0.0 0261 0. 00117 0.,00122 0.0669I1

0.00003 0 .009 76 0..00038 0.00005 0.00007 0 .000 15
0.00050

00010

0.00066) 0. 00757 0 .004 71 0.00158 0.00091 0. 002 01 0.03324t

0.00029

0. 00001 0000001 0.00003 0.00001 0.100002 0.00O650 0.00002 0.00001 0. 00004 0. 00013 0..00006 0.00019 0.00365 0.002518 0.0008 0.00040 0.00037 0.0158.3

0.00005 0.00001

0.00021 0. 00001 0. 00009 0.000002 0.00003 0. 00002 0. 00017 0. 00002 0. 00002 0.,00004 0. 01427

m
I

0.0

0.000 11 0. 00017 0. 00008 0 .00042

000.3

w

0.00648
0.,00415

0.00149 0.00095

0.0 0096
0.030.74 y~

0.06849

0..04780

DIRECT,

INDIRECT,

TABLE 9 & INDUCED EMPLOYMENT REQUIREMENTS TABLE
19

16
1 2 .3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6

17 0.00055 0.00030 0.00018 0.00050 0.00030 0.00002 0,00013 0.00002 0.00006 0.00002 0.00009 0.00003 0.00004 0.00005 0.00014

i8
0.00042 0.00022 0.00010 0.00025 0.00023 0.00002 0.00010 0.00002 0.00005 0.00005 0.00007 0.00002 0.00011 0.00005 0.00003

20 0.00058 0.00059 0.00163 0.00031 0.00002 0.00013 0.00004 0.00006 0.00004 0.00018 0.00003 0.00012 0.00007 0.00007
0.00021

21 0.00120 0.00053 0.00019 0.00055

22
0.00098 0.00022 0.00061 0.00051 0.00004

23

15

0.00043 0.00024 0.00017 0.00028 0.00024 0.00002 0.00010 0.00002 0.00003 0.00002 0.00016 0.00002 0.00006 0.00006 0.00003

0.00060 0.00031 0.00014 0.00033 000002 0.00014 0.00002 0.00003 0.00007 0.00009 0.00003 0.00003 0.00005 0.00005 0.00020 0.00018

0.00035

.00055

0.00077
0.00004 0.00027 0.00004

0.00010
0.00006 0.00012 0.00008

0.00012

16

0.01293
0.00020 0.00023

0.00091 0.00011

0.00013
0.00008

0.00135

0.00009 0.00010

0.00006

0.00149 0.00090 0.00024 0.00166 0.00053 0.00005 0.00025 0.00023 0.00003 0.00004 0.00004 0.00007 0.00003 0.00005 0.00014 0.00012 0.00006 0.00004 '0.000010.00007 0.00012 0.00013 0.00011 0.00008

0.00062

n

0.00006 0.00024
0.00119

0.00010 0.00021

c mn x m m
-

17 18

19

0.00016

0.00021

0.02374

0.00050 0.02116 0.00038 0..00717 0.00431
0.00160

0.02232

0.00059 0.0002 7

0.00023
0.00029

0.00030

0.00018
0.00089 0.07439 0.01056 0.00367

0.0003.3 0.00037

0.00030D 0.00041 0.00097 0.01586 0.01180m
0.017010.00137

20 21 22 23

24

0.00059 0.00753 0.00463 0.00158
0.00100

0.00125 0.00943 0.00639 0.00215

0.00098
0.00116

0.00069
0.0386.1

0.00062 0.00987 0.00616 0.00242

0.00116
0.00109 0.04761

0.02692 0.00952 0.00654 0.00211

0.01450
0.05611 0.00344

0.00134
0.00150

0.00123
0.00151

0.00115

25

0.00127 0..03202

0.00086

0.00164 0.08287

0.00154z 0.0552'
-I

0.04815

0.05373

0.09729

0

z

r

TABLE
DIRECT, INDIRECT, 24 25 0'.00056C0.00049 0.00119 0.00114 0.00030 0.00003 E. INDUCED

9 REQUIREMENTS

EMPLOYMENT

TABLEZ

1
2 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 12 1.3 14

7

0.00075 0.00049 0.00025 0.00107 0.00042 0.00006

C
-

o

c
0.000 0.00020

0.00026

0.00015

15

0.00003 0.00004 0.00012 0.00004 0.00007 0.00008

16
18 19 20 21 22 23

0.00014

0.00002 0.00003r 0.00009 0.00003 0.00005 0.00007

8

~

0

17

0.00017
0.00033

0.00004

0.00008

24

0.000.36 0.0005.1 0.00198 0.01257 0.0085.2 0.00289
0.02275

0.00025

0.000371 0.00021 0.00084 0.00934 0.00768 0.00220

25

0.00133 0.05530

0.00104

0.01606 0.04231
'I'

76

76 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 10. TYPE II MULTIPLIERS I EMPL.
1.74

TABLE

I----------MULTIPLIERSOUTPUT INCOME SECTOR 2.88 1 Livestock .................. 2.80 3.23 2 Other agriculture ............ 3.15 3 Mining ..................... 2.74 2.58 4 Construction ................ 2.82 2.90 2.32 3.74 5 Food & kindred............. 2.32 1.94 6 Textiles ..................... 2.16 2.31 ............ 7 Apparel-. ........ 2.85 2.64 'Logging .camps............ 2.75 9 Sawmills .. 2.79 ..... .... 2.54 2.70 10 Milwork & plywood 11 Other woodproducts ....... 3.02 3.07 12 Furniture & fixtures ........ 2.12 3.04 13 Paper & allied ................ 3.07 2.52 1.64 2.37 14 Chemical & allied............ 2.00 2.05 15 Rubber & plastics............. 16. Primary metals............... 2.29 2.19. 2.62 2.32 .17 Fabricated metals............ 2.13 1.95 18 Machinery & electric..,.. 2.66 2.04 19 Transportation equip. ... 2.76, 2.42 20 Misc. manufacturing .... 21 Wholesale & retail............ 3.38 1.93 1.93 22 Services...................... 3.30 3.58 2.11 23 Fin, ins., and real est.......... 24 Transportation................ 3.08 2.67 2.80 2.80 25 Comm. and utilities...........

1.66 3.26
2.98

4.04
1.82

.........

1.48 3.28 2.20
2.01

2.31 1.95 3.65 2.66 2.17 2.70
2.19

1.85 2.15 2.13 1.64 1.79 4.32 2.85 3.28-

TABLE

11.

EMPLOYMENT

BY INDUSTRY, ALABAMA, (TuOUSANDS OF EMPLOYEES)

1977
52.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Livestock

..........................................................

Other agriculture ................................................ .................................. Mining..................... Construction..................................................75.9 Food and kindred..............................................27.3 Textiles.........................................................36.7 Apparel ............................. ..................................... Logging camps ............... .................................... Sawmills......... .......... .................................... Millwork and plywood.........
Other Paper Chemical Primary Machinery wood and products

33.5 13.8

Furniture and fixtures..........
allied................................................... and metals and

..............................................
...................................

62.7 5.1 10.8 5.7
6.9

5.1
20.1 15.1

allied.............................................. .................................

Rubbher and plastics

13.1
41.7

..................................................
.... :............................................ ...............

Fabricated metals

24.4
26.5

electric...........................................

Transportation equip............................................18.1 ...................... Misc. manufacturing .......
Wholesale and retail

.............................................

33.2
258.2

Services.........................................................177.1 Fin., ins., and real est.............................................56.0 Transportation................................................... Comm. and utilities........... ..................................

33.2 31.7