M4

CONTENTS
3
..........

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN MODEL ......................

APPLICATION ..

...................
..........

...........
...........................

4
9

PROJECTION METHOD EMERGENCY MEASURES RELATED FISH KILLS COMPUTER PROGRAMS LITERATURE CITED

To

PREVENT OXYGEN ............ ........... ........... ...........

....................... ............ ........................

11 11 12

APPENDIX I

..............................

........... ........... ...............
............

13 21 22

APPENDIX II ............................. APPENDIX III ...........................

APPENDIX IV ............................

28

Information contained herein is available to all without regard to race, color, or national origin.

FIRST PRINTING 3M, SEPTEMBER 1978

Predicting Nighttime Oxygen Depletion in Catfish Ponds
Robert P. Romaire and Claude E. Boyd 2

CONCENTRATION of dissolved oxygen (DO) has long been recognized as a critical factor in the intensive production of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in ponds. Depletion of DO may cause fish kills resulting in serious economic losses to the producer. Moreover, fish do not feed or grow well and may become predisposed to diseases in ponds with sudden or chronically low concentrations of DO. Emergency aeration should be initiated in ponds when the DO concentration declines to less than 2.0 parts per million (ppm). Presently, fish culturists have no reliable technique for predicting if DO will fall below this critical level during the night. Therefore, the culturist must make DO measurements at intervals during the night or rely upon experience or 'rules of thumb' provided by fish culture researchers or other fish farmers. Consequently, emergency aeration is frequently used when not required, and in some cases, it is not used when needed. Either situation is a wasteful practice and increases the cost of producing catfish.

INADEQUATE

The data herein provide the culturist with two practical methods for predicting at dusk (or shortly thereafter) if DO depletion is likely to occur in a pond during any given night, thereby allowing time to prepare for emergency aeration. NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN MODEL Research at Auburn University has led to the development of a practical simulation model for predicting the nighttime loss in DO caused principally by respiration of the biota in channel catfish ponds. The basic equation for predicting nighttime DO decline is:
supported by the Office of Water Research and Technology of the Department of the Interior through the Water Resources Research Institute of Auburn University under provision of the Water Research Act of 1964. 2Graduate Research Assistant and Professor, respectively, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures.

'Research

4 DO = DOsk

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

t

DOdf

-

DOf -

DO

DOt = DO concentration after t hours of darkness, DOdusk = DO concentration at dusk, DOdf = gain or loss of 02 to diffusion,

DOf = 02 used by fish,
DOm = loss of 02 to mud respiration,

DOp = 02 consumed by the planktonic community. A computer program written in the simulation language CSMP-III (Continuous System Modeling Program-III) is used to solve the nighttime DO equation from data on 02 consumption by plankton (8), organisms in the mud (10, 11) and channel catfish (3), and 02 diffusion data from Schroeder (11). Evaluation of the nighttime DO equation gave highly reliable predictions of early morning DO concentrations when Secchi disk visibility was used to estimate oxygen consumption by the plankton community, table 1. Similar results were obtained when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was used to estimate oxygen consumption by the plankton, table 2.
APPLICATION

To make the nighttime DO prediction equation practical, a computer algorithm was used to prepare tables of minimum acceptable (critical) Secchi disk visibilities (Appendix I, tables 1A-1H) and maximum permissable (critical) COD concentrations (Appendix I, tables 2A-2H) required to maintain a DO concentration above 2.0 ppm (+ 0.1 ppm) at dawn. Smaller
TABLE

1. COMPARISONS OF MEASURED DO CONCENTRATIONS AT DAWN IN CHANNEL CATFISH PONDS WITH DO CONCENTRATIONS CALCULATED BY COMPUTER SIMULATION. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY PLANKTON PREDICTED FROM SECCHI DISK VISIBILITY. AFTER BOYD ET AL. (8)
Difference DO at dawn (ppm) Secchi disk DO at dusk Fish 2 (lb/acre) visibility (cm) (ppm) measured calculated (ppm) 8.17 -0.17 8.32 84 10.13 251 -0.39 7.49 7.10 9.70 504 46 -0.97 3.18 6.69 4.15 49 965 4.00 -0.27 4.27 30 7.30 1851 -0.55 2.40 1.85 7.80 2161 27 of period of measurement. from stocking rate and average weight gain for the particular feeding

Date'

5/25/74 6/29/74 7/30/74 9/11/74 8/29/75 'Beginning 2 Estimated rate.

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN
TABLE 2. COMPARISONS OF MEASURED DO CONCENTRATIONS AT DAWN IN CHANNEL CATFISH PONDS WITH DO CONCENTRATIONS CALCULATED BY COMPUTER SIMULATION. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY PLANKTON PREDICTED FROM CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD). AFTER BOYD ET AL. (8)

Date 1

(lb/acre)

Fish

2

COD (ppm) DO at dusk

(ppm)

measured

DO at dawn (ppm)

calculated

Difference

(ppm)

5/25/74 251 38.9 10.13 8.32 7.73 -0.59 6/29/74 504 41.2 9.70 7.49 7.55 +0.06 7/30/74 965 37.5 6.69 4.15 4.16 +0.01 9/11/74 1851 47.9 7.30 4.27 4.76 +0.51 8/29/75 2161 72.3 7.80 2.40 2.13 0.27 1Beginning of period of measurement. 2 Estimated from stocking rate and average weight gain for the particular feeding rate.

Secchi disk values or larger COD values than those found in the tables for any combination of water temperature, fish density and DO concentration at dusk would cause the DO to fall below 2.0 ppm by dawn. Where Secchi disk or COD entries are designated safe (S), the DO concentration at dawn would not be expected to drop below 2.0 ppm. The nighttime DO model revealed that in ponds containing up to 4,000 pounds of catfish per acre no DO problems should be encountered when the average DO concentration at dusk exceeds 12.0 ppm. Careful monitoring of DO is recommended, however, when Secchi disk visibilities are less than 20 centimeters (cm)3 or COD values exceed 100 ppm, regardless of the DO concentration at dusk. Studies have shown an increased likelihood of incurring oxygen related problems in ponds with a Secchi disk visibility less than 20 cm or where the COD exceeds 100 ppm (6, 7, 8, 12). Likewise, these prediction tables are not applicable for ponds during periods in which massive algal die-offs have occurred. Certain information is required to use the tables. This includes Secchi disk visibility or COD, water temperature and DO concentration at dusk, and the standing crop of fish (pounds per acre) in the pond on the date of measurement. The standing crop of fish in the pond may be estimated from stocking data and feeding rate or from stocking data and average weight of fish in seine hauls. For convenience, the expected standing crop of channel catfish (pounds per acre) at the beginning of each month during a typical 210-day growing season (March through September) is given for three common stocking rates, table 3. An error of + 500 pounds of fish per acre
31 centimeter - 0.394 inch.

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

\VIE3 E11-

I CTI II 1>1 AT I

I' ILI I) X\I 1 IIIIF I-I ki I) H 51

I,()\STOCK DS

(ii l'ii 11(1))XI (%I F',11 i C 1k I II N VA l 1 IIICXS OK A\ IS

I')

,A R I . %

(1

\larch 1 \has 1 Jum 1 I Jule 1 Auut1
Sep)temb~ler 1 April 1

2,000 74 195 326 5:35 895 1495 2300)

3,001) - -11 17.3 278 -45:3 726 1184 19.30

119

October 1

2970

4.10(0 148 227 .357 571 898 14.36 2295 :34(1

--

wxill not seriouslx affect critical Seccthi dik (or COD x-allies,. W\atcr telnlperature and D o nc~lenltration shold be incas( urcd~ wi thin zI- hour of dusk. Templeratulre and~ D)O (leterlin ati (Ils niav I e madt~e wxith a pol1aroi raphlic. DO( meter, fi trc I IJo\\cx ('1 rcliahlle DO Nallies Inax he obtaIilnd wxith a xxater anal x si s kit, fi i.ure 2, if' a DO( meter is not ax-ailIal e (4,5). Temperature andl DO( determVin~atiolis shlold bec mlade at the surface, :30, 60, and 90 cm dlepth)s and the ax era(gc of the fourl mleasurements taken as the correct reatli mu.

FIG. 1. Polarographic dissolved oxygen (DO) meter.

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

FIG. 2. Dissolved oxygen (DO) kit.

Sccchri disk x isi hi lity or CUD1 mutst 1 e Ireasurred, prcferabI\ ibet\\ een 10:00 aiim, and 4:00 p.m. Secihi dlisk \ isilbilit\ shotI~l lbe measrdSI with a 20-cem (8-inch) diamleter dlisk wxith alternadte black anid wh litef <(uiatrarts, fiirc 3. Thet Sctchi diisk \isilbilit\ is oibtainredL by lo\\eriiit(, the dhisk inl pond xxater until it disappears and the d1epthi recortded. Tihe dis~k is tilin raised and~ time depth of reappearancee nioted. lihe ax era(e of tihe (depthl of( isaplpeararlce andt the dlepth ofi reappearar ce is takern as tihe correct readlin. .Apartial list oif suipplilers of i)O meters, wxater iii al x sis kits. andl Sccichi dIisks is <gix ti in Apperd ~1i . Tile Seclci dis~k vis iilit\ taiblies \Xill providie a reliamle predlictioni of tile critical DO( conicentration inl p)onds w\here planrktonm is the rmajmor source of turblidhity . I l I rmaim .((Lc fishl ponds, planiktonm is Irsnalix the rmost implortanmt sorre of tliu-bid it\ (1). (Ximeralii acarefl oibserxver carm (listiimtplisil betxx eer plairtoim turid~ity ald other s(ilrres (If turbmidity. Inl ponids coritaiiimt atppreciailet clay\ turbidit\, hlowexver, the CO)D LLIdle( shomu (lbe us(d 1(o p)redict eniticail)( lcx (s. t iO Research stations arid fish larils cam afford to rmmke CODi anfll ses, buit the use of COD \Xili not be practical inl rmost other fish curiturre operations. Re-adlers tain find the ainltix al procedure of start

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

dIard1 COD) d)eterinnatio inO Sta(nd1(ard AI('tlod Lxamnination o'!' XXalci and XXastc watc'r (2).

J,()/-[the

T7o illustrate the use of the Secchi disk and COD1 tal es
considler the lolloxx ilg two examplles. In a pond wxith an ax er1 age dlepth of I00-cm 328 feet) c( intaiiiinmg 1,500 po ,nds of catfishi per acre. suppose at DO( concentration andl xx ater temperature of 7.0 ppm and :30°C4, respectix "el\ , were ineaSiure d at du~sk and a Secchi dis5 k x isiili1itx of 36 emi recordled that afternoou . [he critical Secehi dis k alue from Appendix 1. TIab le 5 I -C is 5~3 cma. Sin ce the measure1 value of 36 cm is less than .53 ei, the citltturist could expect the DO( concentration to fall b~elowx 2.0 ppum lx dlawxn. This advanced warnirng wxoutld allow tinmec to prepare for ener--ency aeration during the night. Had the measured Secchi dlisk \ isilbility exceededI 5:3 cim the DO( wollid1( not hax e been expectedl to dIrop)below, 2.0 ppm by dawni alid einerg(encv aeration \X 0111( not 1ikcl\- le ne(cessarx. Cions ider the same pond later in the grow iiig seasotn cotntainled 2,000 pomuds catfishi ler acre hbut appreciahie clax tim]hidlits requpired1 that a COD)l deteriination 1e mctade. Suppose the mieasulredl COD) xx as 78 ppm and the recorded temperature and DO( conceentration at (desk wxas 270C and 9.0 ppm, respe-

FIG. 3. The Secchi disk is a 20-cm (8-inch) diameter disk with alternate black and white quadrants on the upper surface and black on the bottom. An I-bolt fixed at the center of the upper surface provides attachment for a graduated rope and the bottom is weighted to facilitate sinking. A Secchi disk may be purchased (Appendix II) or easily constructed from metal or plastic and other materials readily available.

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

tively. Reference to Appendix I. Table 2-D gives a critical COD value of 114 ppm. Since the measured value of 78 ppm is less than 114 ppm, no DO problems would likely be encountered. However, had the measured COD been greater than 114 ppm, then the DO concentration would have likely declined below 2.0 ppm by dawn. Five channel catfish production ponds on the Auburn University Fisheries Research Unit were visited 40 times during the 1978 growing season (June through September) to evaluate the Secchi disk visibility tables. The ponds ranged from 1.4 to 22 acres in size and were stocked at a standard rate of 3,000 fingerling catfish in March, 1978. Results disclosed that the tables gave reliable and consistent predictions of eminent DO problems the afternoon before they actually occurred. On 25 occasions, the tables predicted that the DO would be 2.0 ppm or less the following dawn. Measured DO concentration at dawn were observed to be less than 2.0 ppm on 20 of these visits. The measured DO at dawn ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 ppm on the other five occasions. More importantly, on no occasion was the DO at dawn observed to be less than 2.0 ppm when the tables had predicted the ponds to be safe from DO problems (i.e., DO at dawn greater than 2.0 ppm). PROJECTION METHOD Where ponds are muddy and COD analyses are not possible an alternative method exists for predicting nighttime decline in DO. The decline in DO during the night is essentially linear with respect to time. If DO is measured at dusk and again after 2 or 3 hours, the two DO concentrations can be plotted versus time and a straight line through the two points projected to estimate DO at other times during the night or dawn. The projection method when evaluated was found to be almost as
TABLE 4. COMPARISONS OF MEASURED DO CONCENTRATIONS AT DAWN IN CHANNEL CATFISH PONDS WITH DO CONCENTRATIONS CALCULATED BY THE PROJECTION METHOD. AFTER BOYD ET AL. (8)

5/25/74 6/29/74 7/30/74 9/11/74 8/29/75

DO at dusk (ppm) 10.13 9.70 6.69 7.30 7.80

DO at dawn (ppm) measured calculated 8.32 9.35 7.49 7.60 4.15 4.82 4.27 4.92 2.40 2.90

Difference (ppm) +0.97 +0.11 +0.67 +0.65 +0.50

10

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

reliable as the computer simulation model in predicting DO concentrations at dawn, table 4. To illustrate the method (graph paper will be needed) suppose the DO concentration at dusk was 8.0 ppm and the measured value 3 hours later 5.7 ppm. According to figure 4 the projected DO concentration at dawn would be less than 2.0 ppm and thus emergency aeration would likely be required. The projection technique for predicting DO decline in ponds is simpler to use than tables based on computer simulation. Unfortunately, since the projection technique requires no knowledge of fish density or plankton respiration one has no advanced warning of whether or not 02 depletion is likely, and estimates of DO decline cannot be made until 2 or 3 hours after dark. Therefore, logistical problems may arise once one decides to use emergency aeration. The projection technique will be useful where Secchi disk visibility cannot be used to estimate 02 consumption by plankton and COD cannot be measured.

Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 10 9

measured values

7-

6543-

,

projected value 2(dawn)

8pm

lam

6 am

FIG. 4. Illustration of the method for calculating DO concentration at dawn by projecting DO measurements made at dusk and 3 hours later.

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

11

EMERGENCY MEASURES TO PREVENT OXYGEN-RELATED FISH KILLS If either the table method or the projection technique indicates DO depletion is likely by dawn, emergency measures should be initiated to prevent a possible fish kill. Swingle (12) suggested pumping water from a depth of 1.6 to 2.3 feet and discharging it with force at an acute angle against the pond surface. If other ponds are located nearby, fresh, oxygenated water may be pumped into a pond with low DO. Various types of mechanical agitators are also commercially available and may be used to improve DO concentrations in localized areas (6). Small agitators are often used in small ponds such as those found at fish hatcheries and research stations. Small agitators (0.33 HP) will maintain the DO concentration of small ponds (0.1 to 0.25 acre) at a safe level. Large agitators and lift pumps are available for emergency use in large ponds. Treatment of ponds with up to 6.0 ppm of potassium permanganate is frequently recommended to alleviate problems of low DO (9). However, recent studies have shown that potassium permanganate treatment is totally ineffective in treating DO problems (13). In fact, potassium permanganate treatment retards oxygen production by phytoplankton, thus prolonging DO depletion. COMPUTER PROGRAMS The computer program for solving the nighttime predictive DO equation can be found in Appendix III. The associated computer algorithm for calculating critical Secchi disk and COD values is given in Appendix IV. Note that these programs are presented for reference only and are not required for the practical use of the Secchi disk visibility or COD tables in Appendix I.

12

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

LITERATURE CITED (1) ALMAZAN, G. 1977. Evaluation of the Secchi disk as an index of plankton density in fish ponds. Ph.D. diss., Auburn Univ., Auburn, Al. 57 pp.

(2)

AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION, AMERICAN WATER WORKS AssOCIATION, AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION. 1975. Standard

methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 14th ed. New York. 1193 pp.
(3) ANDREWS, J. W. AND Y. MATSUDA. 1975. The influence of various culture

conditions on the oxygen consumption of channel catfish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104: 322-327. (4) BOYD, C. E. 1976. Evaluation of a water analysis kit. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta., Auburn, Ala. Leaflet 92. 4 pp. 1977. Evaluation of a water analysis kit. J. Environ. Qual. 6: 381-384.
(6) , E. E. PRATHER, AND R. W.
PARKS.

1975. Sudden

mortality of a massive phytoplankton bloom. Weed Sci. 23: 61-67. , E. JOHNSTON, C. S. TUCKER, R. P. ROMAIRE, J. DAVIS, (7) C. MooN, AND R. W. PARKS. 1977. Effects of phytoplankton on dissolved oxygen concentration in catfish ponds. Water Resources Research Institute, Auburn Univ., Auburn, (Ala.), Bulletin 30, 35 pp.
(8) , R. P. ROMAIRE, AND E. JOHNSTON. 1978. Predicting

early morning dissolved oxygen concentrations in channel catfish ponds. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107: 484-492.
(9) LAY, B. A. 1971. Applications for potassium permanganate in fish cul-

ture. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 100: 813-815. (10) MEZAINIS, V. E. 1977. Metabolic rates of pond ecosystems under intensive catfish cultivation. M. S. Thesis, Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala. 107 pp. (11) SCHROEDER, G. L. 1975. Nighttime material balance for oxygen in fish ponds receiving organic wastes. Bamidgeh 27: 65-74. (12) SWINGLE, H. S. 1968. Fish kills caused by phytoplankton blooms and their prevention. FAO (F.A.O.U.N.) Fish. Rep. 44 (5): 407-411.
(13) TUCKER, C. S. AND C. E. BOYD. 1977. Relationships between potassium

permanganate treatment and water quality. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106: 481-488.

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

13

APPENDIX I
TABLE

1-A. CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A SMALLER SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)
DO concentration at dusk (ppm)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 26 48 58 80 85 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

3 S 21 32 48 58 69 74 79 85 90 90 93 95

4 S S S 26 37 48 53 63 69 71 74 79 82

5 S S S S 21 29 37 45 53 58 63 66 69

6 7 8 9 Secchi disk values (cm) S S S S S S 21 32 37 45 50 53 58 S S S S S S S 18 26 32 37 42 48 S S S S S S S S 16 21 26 34 40 S S S S S S S S S S 18 24 29

10 S S S S S S S S S S S 16 21

11 S S S S S S S S S S S S 13

12 S S S S S S S S S S S S S

TABLE

1-B. CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 1,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A SMALLER SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 37 58 79 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 S 26 42 58 69 79 85 90 95 95 100 100 100 4 S S 21 32 42 53 63 69 74 79 85 87 90 5 S S S 16 26 37 48 53 58 63 69 74 79 6 S S S S S 21 32 37 45 53 58 63 66 7 S S S S S S 16 26 32 40 45 50 55 8 S S S S S S S S 21 29 34 40 45 9 S S S S S S S S S 18 26 32 37 10 S S S S S S S S S S 16 21 29 11 S S S S S S S S S S S S 18 12 S S S S S S S S S S S S S Secchi disk values (cm)

14
TABLE

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

1-C. CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 1,500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A SMALLER SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 48 69 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 16 37 48 63 79 85 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 S S 26 37 53 63 69 79 85 90 93 95 98 5 S S S 21 32 42 53 58 66 74 77 79 85 6 7 8 9 Secchi disk values (cm) S S S S 16 26 37 42 53 58 63 69 74 S S S S S S 21 32 37 45 53 58 61 S S S S S S S 16 26 34 40 48 53 S S S S S S S S 16 24 32 37 42 10 S S S S S S S S S S 21 26 34 11 S S S S S S S S S S S 18 24 12 S S S S S S S S S S S S 16

TABLE

1-D. CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 2,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A SMALLER SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)
DO concentration at dusk (ppm)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 58 79 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

3 21 37 58 69 85 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

4 S 16 32 48 58 69 79 85 90 95 100 100 100

5 S S S 26 37 48 58 63 74 79 85 87 90

8 9 6 7 Secchi disk values (cm) S S S S 21 32 42 48 58 63 69 74 79 S S S S S 16 26 34 42 50 55 63 66 S S S S S S S 21 32 37 45 53 58 S S S S S S S S 18 26 34 42 48

10 S S S S S S S S S 18 26 32 37

11 S S S S S S S S S S 16 24 29

12 S S S S S S S S S S S S 18

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

15

1

TABLE 1-E. CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 2,500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK

A SMALLER
(S) 9

VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 2 3 4

5 S S 16 26 42 53 63 69 79 85 90 93 95

6 S S S S 21 34 45 53 63 69 74 79 84

7 S S S S S 18 29 37 48 53 61 66 71

8 S S S S S S 16 26 34 42 48 55 61

10 S S

11

12

Secchi disk values (cm)

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

69 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

26 48 63 79 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

S 21 37 48 63 74 85 90 95 100 100 100 100

S S 24 32 40 45 53

S S S S S S S 21 29 37 42

s s s s s SS s

18 26 32

S S S S S S S S S S S 16 24

TABLE

1-F.

CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM

CONTAINING 3,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE

A SMALLER
PPM AT

(3.28

FT) DEEP PONDS

DO

TO

FALL

BELOW

2.0

DAWN.

DO

CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Secchi disk Values (cmi) 10 11 12

20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

79 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

32 53
69 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

S 26 42 58 69 79 90 95 100 100 100 100 100

S S 21 32 48 58 69 74 85 90
95 98

S S S 16 26 37 48 58 66 74
79 85

S S S S S 21 32 42 53 58
63 71

S S S S S S 21 29 37 48
53 58

S S S S S S S 16 26 34
42 50

100

90

77

66

55

S S S S S S S S 16 26 32 40
48

S S S S S S S S S 16 21 29 37

S S S S S S S S S S S 21 26

16
TABLE 1-G.

ALABAMA

AGRICULTURAL

EXPERIMENT

STATION

CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 3,500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A SMALLER SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 37 58 79 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 S 26 48 58 74 90 -95 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 S S 21 37 53 63 74 79 90 95 100 100 100 8 9 7 6 Secchi disk values (cm) S S S 16 32 42 53 63 69 79 85 90 93 S S S S 16 26 37 48 55 63 69 74 79 S S S S S S 21 32 42 50 58 63 69 S S S S S S S 21 32 40 48 53 61 10 S S S S S S S S 21 29 37 42 50 11 S S S S S S S S S 18 26 34 40 12 S S S S S S S S S S 16 24 32

TABLE 1-H.

CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VALUES (CM) FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 4,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A SMALLER SECCHI DISK VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF SECCHI DISK VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 48 69 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 16 37 53 69 79 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 S S 26 42 58 69 79 85 95 100 100 100 100 8 9 7 6 Secchi disk values (cm) S S S 21 37 48 58 69 74 85 90 95 98 S S S S 18 32 42 53 58 69 74 79 85 S S S S S 16 26 37 48 53 63 69 74 S S S S S S S 24 38 42 50 58 63 10 S S S S S S S S 24 32 40 48 53 11 S S S S S S S S S 21 29 37 45 12 S S S S S S S S S S 18 26 34

NIGHTTIME

DISSOLVED

OXYGEN

17

TABLE 2-A.

CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR

100-CM

(3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) °C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 COD values (ppm) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 60 43 38 29 24 21 18 16 16 16 16 16 16 114 71 59 49 43 38 33 30 27 27 27 27 27 S 136 93 71 60 54 49 43 43 40 38 38 38 S S 158 103 87 75 65 60 57 54 51 49 49 S S S 180 125 103 87 79 73 71 67 62 60 S S S S 180 136 114 98 93 84 79 76 73 S S S S S S 147 125 109 101 93 87 87 S S S S S S S 158 136 120 110 103 98 S S S S S S S S 158 142 125 119 112 S S S S S S S S S S 169 147 136 S S S S S S S S S S 179 158 148

TABLE 2-B.

CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 1,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S) DO concentration at dusk (ppm)

°C

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

COD values (ppm) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 49 38 27 21 17 13 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 93 64 49 43 32 30 27 24 22 21 19 19 19 S 103 82 65 54 49 43 38 35 32 32 30 30 S S 114 93 76 65 59 54 49 46 44 43 41 S S S 136 103 87 75 71 65 60 56 54 51 S S S S 158 114 103 89 82 76 71 67 65 S S S S S 158 125 114 99 93 84 79 75 S S S S S S 169 136 120 107 98 93 87 S S S S S S S 169 147 125 115 109 101 S S S S S S S S 178 153 136 123 114 S S S S S S S S S 180 158 147 136

18

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

TABLE 2-C. CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 1,500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 38 32 17 16 11 9 8 7 5 5 5 5 5

3 75 60 43 38 29 24 21 18 16 16 14 13 13

4 S 93 71 54 49 38 35 32 29 27 27 24 24

5 S S 103 82 71 59 54 49 43 40 38 35 35

6 S S S 114 93 82 71 63 57 54 49 47 46

7 S S S S 136 103 93 82 73 68 62 59 57

.8 S S S S S 147 114 103 93 84 76 71 68

9 S S S S S S 158 125 109 98 93 84 79

10 S S S S S S S 158 131 114 106 98 93

11 S S S S S S S S 158 136 125 114 107

12 S S S S S S S S S 169 147 136 125

COD values (ppm)

TABLE 2-D. CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD), VALUES IN PPM FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 2,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 38 27 16 12 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3 71 49 38 32 23 21 16 14 10 10 10 10 10

4 136 81 60 49 43 36 32 27 24 21 21 20 19

5 S 136 93 76 60 53 49 43 38 35 32 30 30

6 7 8 COD values (ppm) S S 158 103 87 74 65 57 52 49 43 43 41 S S S 180 114 98 82 74 65 60 57 54 51 S S S S 180 125 109 93 82 76 71 65 62

9 S S S S S 180 136 114 103 93 82 78 73

10 S S S S S S 179 140 120 109 98 93 87

11 S S S S S S S 180 147 131 114 106 98

12 S S S S S S S S S 158 136 125 114

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

19

CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR 100-CM TABLE 2-E. (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 2,500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 32 21 14 8 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3 60 43 33 27 21 16 12 10 8 7 6 6 6

4 114 71 57 43 38 31 27 21 21 18 17 16 16

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) 9 7 8 6 5 COD values (ppm) S 136 87 71 60 48 43 38 33 30 27 27 25 S S 136 103 82 71 59 54 49 43 40 38 35 S S S 158 114 93 76 71 61 57 54 49 47 S S S S 158 120 103 88 76 71 65 61 57 S S S S S 158 125 109 93 85 76 71 68

10 S S S S S S 169 136 114 103 93 85 82

11 S S S S S S S 169 136 120 109 98 93

12 S S S S S S S S 175 147 129 120 109

CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR 100-CM TABLE 2-F. (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 3,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 27 16 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3 54 38 25 21 16 12 10 8 5 5 5 5 5

4 93 71 49 43 33 27 21 19 16 16 13 10 10

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) 9 7 8 6 5 COD values (ppm) S 114 82 65 52 43 38 33 30 27 24 21 21 S S 125 93 76 63 54 49 43 40 35 32 32 S S S 136 103 82 71 64 60 54 49 45 43 S S S S 147 114 93 82 73 65 60 56 54 S S S S S 158 120 103 89 82 73 67 62

10 S S S S S S 158 125 109 96 87 82 75

11 S S S S S S S 158 131 114 103 93 87

12 S S S S S S S S 158 136 120 111 103

20
TABLE

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

2-G. CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 3,500 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH.
A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DOTO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm) oC

2 21 13 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3 49 38 27 19 13 10 6 5 5 5 5 5 5

4 82 60 49 38 30 25 19 16 13 10 10 8 8

5 S 93 71 60 49 38 32 30 27 21 21 19 19

6 S S 114 82 71 60 49 43 38 35 32 30 27

7 S S S 125 93 82 71 60 54 49 43 41 38

8 S S S S 136 103 87 76 71 60 57 51 49

9 S S S S S 136 114 93 82 76 68 62 60

10 S S S S S S 136 114 103 93 82 76 71

11 S S S S S S S 147 125 109 100 87 82

12 S S S S S S S S 147 131 114 103 100

COD values (ppm)

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

CRITICAL CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) VALUES IN PPM FOR TABLE 2-H. 100-CM (3.28 FT) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 4,000 LBS/ACRE OF CHANNEL CATFISH. A LARGER COD VALUE FOR ANY COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE AND DO CONCENTRATION AT DUSK WILL CAUSE DO TO FALL BELOW 2.0 PPM AT DAWN. DO CONCENTRATION WILL NOT DROP TO 2.0 PPM REGARDLESS OF COD VALUES FOR ENTRIES DESIGNATED SAFE (S)

DO concentration at dusk (ppm)

°C 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

2 16 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

3 43 32 21 16 10 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

4 82 54 43 32 27 21 16 10 10 8 6 6 5

5 S 93 71 54 43 38 30 27 21 19 16 16 13

6 S S 103 82 65 54 46 38 35 32 27 27 24

7 S S S 114 87 76 65 54 49 43 41 38 35

8 S S S S 125 98 82 71 65 57 51 49 43

9 S S S S S 125 103 87 79 71 65 60 54

10 S S S S S 175 131 109 93 87 76 71 65

11 S S S S S S 169 136 114 103 93 84 76

12 S S S S S S S 175 142 125 109 98 93

COD values (ppm)

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

21

APPENDIX II A Partial List of Suppliers Dissolved Oxygen Meters: VWR Scientific Company, P. O. Box 20158, Atlanta, Ga. 30325, (404) 351-3872; Arthur H. Thomas Company, Vine Street at 3rd, Philadelphia, Pa. 19106, (215) 574-4555; Fisher Scientific Company, 711 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219; Cole-Parmer Instrument Company, 7425 North Oak Park Avenue, Chicago, IL. 60648, (312) 647-0272; The Garcia Corporation, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666 Dissolved Oxygen Kits and Thermometers: Fisher Scientific Company, 711 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 15219; ColeParmer Instrument Company, 7425 North Oak Park Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60648, (312) 647-0272; Hach Chemical Company, P. O. Box 907, Ames, Iowa 50010, (515) 232-2533; McCrarys's Farm Supply, 114 Park Street, Lonoke, Arkansas 72086, (501) 676-2766; Ecologic Instrument, 132 Wilbur Place, Bohemia, N.Y. 11716, (516) 567-9000 Secchi Disk: Wildco Instruments, 301 Cass Street, Saginaw, Michigan 48602, (517) 799-8100

22

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

APPENDIX III Computer Program for Solving the Nighttime Predictive DO Equation Including a Sample of Computer Output

To calculate nighttime DO levels using COD values to estimate oxygen consumption by the plankton community, substitute the following cards in the computer program:
INITIAL SECTION PARAMETER COD= PARAMETER SDISK=

for

DYNAMIC SECTION
DOPL = (-1.005719 - .0014827 * COD - .0000125 * COD * COD + .0765502 * T - .0014427 * T * T

+ .0002527 * COD * T)/60.0 for DOPL = (-1.133331 + .0038082 * SDISK + .0000145 * SDISK * SDISK + .0812387 * T - .0007486 * T * T - .0003490 * SDISK * T)/60.0

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

23

$TILUNI INULUS SYSTEM
4SIMULAlIUN *LEVELS IN

M.DELING

PRuURAiI1 II1

VIMl

flANSLAItiR LUUPUI$$$

PRULRAM FUR PREDICTING NLH1[IML LISSULVLU UXYGEN (uu) LHANogEL CATFISH PuNC)S. THIS COMPUTER PRuuRAM IS MOD)IFIED A CUMPUTIR: AL:'URI THM DEVELLPED BY CHARLES BusCH, DEPT. *UF- AGRICULTURAL EPtluINJEKINL,, AUBuRN UI'IVER~ilYAUB3URNl AL rAFTER

OR.

3083U

I

A111EAL

CHARTS CHANNEL CATFISH u,~vTH FROM 1.7 ~RAMS (t,) AT DAY THE YEAR1 U 440.4 U UN DAY 320 FUNCTIUN WTI=(6B ,1.7), (164,55.d) ,(Iv,9l').3) ,(24,177.5),... (2b3, 315.6) , 1320,, 4U.9)
*DE,R * -

v UrCi qI
[HE

69

EUNCIlIUN

CHARTS)RAT ER 1lEMPERAJURE (0 C) oRL dNo SEASON ODUP - (19,30.),(179.to,2(.D8),... (I1,32.3), (187.46,23.),... ( 24J, 3U.6) ,12'tU.4's, l.2 2
GAIN4 -

oN SEVERAL

UAIES

UURING

)

=DIFFUSE

CR LLSS

*DIFFUSION

FU~gCIIoN

[IFFUS

CF DiSSOLVED OXYGEN - M6lL/HOUR (0,.212),(25,.171,(5U,.121) ,(175,.J79),... ( 10 0,.025) , (1 2 ,--.040) ,( 5U ,-.098) ,... ,(225,-.2J9) ,. ( 175,-. 146), 12D0,-. 181)
(25u,-.225)

(,-))IC

* 0081 PARAMAETER
V

LCSS DO TOD11UD RESPIRATIoN, DOBT3H = .OD0o i4 UCLUR;

UF

Mu~/L/AI~

RISESELLCTSSI IME SUNRISE FULiCI IuN RISE -(ioA,s.U),(188,6.u) StE - sLLEC1lO lIME OUNJE1 f UisCIlui SEE =(186,II.U),(18d,l9.0)
z*

OLCURS

*

FISHNU

-NUn

PARAMETER

UER OF F~sH IN THE F ISo-Nu=3uOD., PUNVuL= TIAE

-912UUO.
-

Po'sET; PoNIVUL -

PoODVOLUME

IN

LITEks

4 IME -STARTING , ILUN TIE=0. U000 *DAYRUN-

FUR SIMULATION

DUSK

PARAMETER * SUISK PARAMETLR *iCDLX
I

SELECTS DAY UF THE YEAR BEING IS U5SLD IN THIS EXAMPLE DAYRUN = 187 SECCHI DISK VISIBILITY JUISK =32.J) (CM)

ANALYLEO;

JULY

6

N
*TEMP

- MEASURED) ICU'X - 8.2 -

DO CONCEi)1RA1 ION AT

DUSK,

Mu/L
0

PARA, IIOR
* MEA;, -

MEASURED TEMP=

32.3

WATER

IEMPFRATURE Al !)USK

(

C)

RECORD uF

MEASUREI)

D)u VALUL). To

COMPARE

*i itl CALCULAIFOL

VALUES

F~soTl~li REAS =118t1,8.2) ,(lB1.2.3,4.4),4 1t3.4,2.3)

24

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

DY NAMAIC

DAY

= DAYRuN

+

TIM1E

HUUR =

TIME#24.
-

j.R I

*SRISE

SE=A[CEN

TIME SUNRISE rvILL (RI SE,DLAYRUN)

DuCUI<

*SEI - LIME SUiISF WILL S:,LI'=AF~tN (SETl",DAYRUNI NliT=
4

DUCCR

(24.-(SSEI-SRiSr-I )/24. (
0

1 - wATER TEMPERATURE T =AF-UEN(DEGtN,DAY)

C)

0iLSAI SAIDRA ION uXYuEfN LEVEL FUR STAND)ARD PRESSURE, D61-A] = 14.652 - .41D22*IEMP 4- .u0D19;4*IEMP*J EMP... - .JO0cI(U*TEMP~i EmP*IEMP
*SAl*Cuf. -

MU/L

SATCUN

=

SATURATED OXYG.EN (ODLSAf)*(D.,7i3)

LEVEL

LURRECTED

FUR ELLVATIuN,

Mu/L

* PERSAT - PLREKrL OIXYGEN SATURA1 IOiN OF PER:)AI = (ICDLX/JAICUN) *1JU.U * DUDlFF DuDIFF *UNI -

POND wAh R

RATE uF uAiN LGSz OF Du LFUEN(D1FFU ,PLRSAl )/60.0 OF F ISh iIN

~R

lu DiFFUsIoN,

Au/L/MIN

wT
-

Ui11IJ

AMERAE wE1il NLFuEN(IWT,UAY)
-

,RAMS

LuuIU RESPIRATION VALUES FOR CHANNEL CATFISH AS A IU.N UF WEIwiI AND TE+IPERAFURU, LUdtO Mu/U'/HOUR LuFUX=-"y99099)-. UO9 S72*UNIIwT+. DUDUO0u*U h, If*UrNIf .. +.U32 7044# l-.OJUUDusT f*li .DD~uUU*UN I 1*
*LJUI-UX *FUNCT *FISH'UX -DOCONUiSMED Y FISH, FISHuX=(IU.**(LjUUuXfl/oU.

RAu/u/eiIN

*FI 5-ijTOTAL IFIuHl OF F15I"IW=UNITRI*FISHNU

FISH

IN PuIvU,

GM.

* DuFISfi - CUID)INDED SOLID WAS~TE DuD AN~D -ISHCX, DUF ISI I = 4.00143 + F I UX( * ISH wiI/ F PUCVUL

'4u/L/MIN

*D"PL -LXYU.ET CUI4SUALED THE PLAiNK~uNILC CMMUNIJY, Mu/L/MIN DCPL=(-1.133331+.DU3dUD2*jUISK+.DUDl qSDSK*sUi5K+.J3ut2381#I... -. UU(48u*T*I-.DUD34yU*SDIsK*i/60.0 * 0011 - Do LHANGE, 10/ L/24tHR ICUD =(DLCI)IFF-D(FISFI-DC;PL--DuITH)*144D. * DUCALC CALCUL A fED Uu CuNCLNI RATIIUN UuLALC=INJRL (ICIX'X,ODi

BY

Alf

IIME

I f

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

25

DIFFDU-UCDI [t-14LtU. FI SHDU=DLF ISH#14'+0. PLUu=DUPL*i144U. buD=DuBTH* L 4k. DIFf-U D I FFU= l
* *
4

NT~L

-

LUMULATIVE L? uMI I nO., DIF FUDI)

CRLk LSS

Tu
THE

UIFFUSIUN,

MU,/L

- CuMULATtIVE u2 HiT HU- 1TdT RL (U .U, BBUD )

BTH-i

CNSUM~ED

by

uR,,ANIHiS

IN~ THE

MUD,

MUlL

SPLANU u2 PLA vU=INTCRLf uD,PLDu)

CUi1uLATIVE

CON~SUMED

BY

PLANKI iIIC

COMMUNITY,

MulL

# FImU -CUMULATIVE u2 CON~SUMED BY FLSHU-INTuRL(U.D,-ISHUC) * OLIEAS - MEASURED DL VALUES Fun DuMLAS =AFuEN(MLMS,DAY

THE

FISH

PCPULATIui4,

MU/L

)

CLLIARLSUN I 'TH

-PREDITEDDU

TERMINAL

DELI-.UI, FIdNIM=U.6, PRDEL-U.DI, uUIDEL-U.UI FINISH TIME = NIGHT METHOD SIMP PRINT DCuTEAS, DuCALL, DIFL-U, BI-u, PLAiNU, F ISHU, T uJIPUL ULCALC, UNILAS LABEL CALCULATED DC VS MEASURED DL LABEL DATE: JULY 6, 1y77 LABEL 300U CHANNEL CATIsH/ACKC PALE NPLLT=2, SYMlbUL=(*,+-) , ,RUP=2 EIND1 S 1uP OUTPUT VARIABLE SEQUENCE DUCAT1 ATCuN PERSAT DUHIFF DAY UUFIjH UCPL ULDI DuCALL JDIFFUL FISHD~U FISHU HOUR SaEI ARISE

TIMER

UNITIT D[FEU BUD NIUHT DuMFAS

LuUFQX BIHU

-ISHuX EiJHiT PLOU PLANU

(C351P

ill

Vtt<SI3~j

VIi3

SIMJLAIIN 3uIPO1
DoL.ALI. 8.2300 8.3525 7.9351 7.7594. 3IIFF3 3.3 -5.30622E-03 -1.061241-02 -1.59181E-U2 380 u PLANO 0.0 0 9.99.359E-033.11631 1.95872E-02 0.23214 2.99808E-02 3.34147

193 0.3 1 .030u3i)-02 2 .0000000-32 3.330U3o02 '.03030-ul2 5.030000-32 6 . U3u030-02 1.000003-u2 3.300000-02

I

9.0300[-u2
1.3000033-O1 3.110000
0.120033 0.130300

3MIAz 6.2333 6..347 1. ou9yo 7.1043 7.53'91 7.3740 1.2065 7.0435 0.0764 6.7149
0.3419

F1i HU
0.0 1.583951-0 4 3.15809E-02 4.12251E-02

T 32.300 32.207

N~ O)

32.113
32.020

1.o137
1.4o86 7.3242

-4.122491-04
-2.65311E-02 -3.18331-02

3.99144E-02
4.996801-02 5.95615E-02

0.46210
0.57663 3.69046 3.80379 0.91661

6.277211-02
7.82244E-02 9.358071-02 3.10884 0.12431
0..23908

31.926
31.83-1 31.739

7.1613
1.3370

-3.ll431E-02
-4.2449(1-02
-4.175b31-J2

6.99551E-02
1.99487E-02
8.994221-02

.31 .646
31.552

6.89,1..
6.7522 6.6108 6.4699 6.3297
6.1931

1.0289
1.1401' 1.2520 6.3621 7 1.4 2.9
1.582o

31.459
31.365 31.272 31.178 31.085
30.991 30.898

b..3328

6.2173 6.0522

-5.30622E-02 -5.836841-02 -6.36746E-02 -6.89808E-02

9.,9358E-02
0.10g93

0.13o00
0.150000 3.1so33J 0.170000 3.133300 3.19u300

5.odb1
5.7211 .5o 5.3911 5.4261 5.j610

-7.42669E-02
-7.97931E-02 -1.489936-02 -9.02055E-32 -9.531176-02 -3.13382 -0.10112 -0.11143 -0.11674 30.12204 -0.12735 -0.13265 -0.13179o

3.200u00
30.2 133330 u.223U03

4.6955
4.7305 4.5652
4.3999

0.230000
0.240000 u.2 33003 0.2o0003 0.210000

4.3086

4.2113
4.1257 4.0347

6.3511 x.9127 5.1750 5.0379 5.5014 1.3655 5.2303 5.3951 4.9618 4.8285 4.0959 4.50.9

0.11992 0.12992 3.131991 0.14990 3.15990 3.16989 0.17968 0.18988 0.19967 3.20986
0.21966

3.15407 3.16695) 0.18375 3.19646

0.21306
0.22760 3.24204 0.25639 0.27061 0.262 0.49891 0.31291 0..3263 3.34066 3.35441 0..36807 0.36165
0.39514

0.22985 3.23985 3.24984 3.25983

1.6918 1.8034 1.9085 2.0161 2.1231 2.2293 2.3355 2.4408 2.5476 2.6499 2.7535 2.850/

.33.804 30.711 30.611 30.524

30.430
30.244

30.337

C
C

30.150 .30.057 29.9113 29.870

4.4:325
'+.3019

-0.14327
-0. 14357 3.1538o

J3.2333U0
0.2130333 0.303333 3.3 13333
3.320000

0.26983
0.21982

2.9592
3.0012
3.1626 3.2634

3.1143 1
3.8521 3.7607 3.o.92
3.5161

29.776
29.683
29.589 29.496 29.402

0.40836
0.42189

4.111(1 4.0424
3.9i13/

0.28931
0.29961

-0.1591,)
-3.1644-1 -0.16980
-0.17513

3.435114

3.7051
3.6333

0.30981 0.51979
o.32979

3.363o 3.4633
3.5624 .

0.330000 0.340000 3.35300. 3.353300 J.313003
0.383030

0.44831 0.46140
3.47441

r

3. -+39 3.3955 3.3342 3.2129 3.1216

29.309
29.215

m r

c

3.5316
3.405o

-0.18041
-0. 185 72

1.33918
3.34971 0.35977 0.36976 0.37976 3.-8975 0.39974 3.40974 3.41973 0.42972 3.43972 0.44911 3.459170

3.6638

3.7567
3.8581 3.9527 4.0486 4.1443 4.2391

0.48135
0.50020

29.122
29.028

3.3303
2.9390

0.33333
0.401000 3.410030
0.42000

2.6411
2.7s(,3

2.6650
2.3737

0.430000

0.440003
0.453033 3.460.30

24b2 2.39.11

2.2998

3.2632 3.1333 3.0315 2.9062 2.7855 2.66333 2.5423 2.4211 2.3019 2.1827 2.3142

-3.19102 -0.19633 -o.20164 -3.23694 -3.21225
-3.21155

4. 33.34.4213 4.5203 4.6124 4.7042 4.1934

-0.22286 -3.22317 -3.23341 -0.23878 -3.244u8

0.51298 u.52568 3.53830 0.55085 3.56332 3.57571 0.53804
0.60328

0.61245 3.62455 3.63658

26.935 28.841 28.748 28.654 28.561 28.4611 28.374 28.281 28.187 28.094 28.000

m

z

CALCULATED Du VS YEASjR C0) Du JA~IL.: OLY 6,iy77

3000 ChA4

LC

A rc £si/ACkL 1 .t00
1.00 "+"= -UMEAS " '-= OCALC -----1----

z
9 .b00 9.600
uOMLAo

T 1 -F ).0u

7OLALC
8.2000
8.

-I

1I

-- -

1.00000E-02
2.00003E-02 3.000001-02 4.00000E-02 .0000E-02 3.000031t-02

0525 -- I 1----I

1

7.60*7

7. 159-t

1 I I---

7.oL1
7 .4ooo
1.34242 --

-i------------------------1 I i I 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 -4----1----- -A 1
1

1431 41 4+1 +-4- 1 1 + I 1 -4---- 1---+#4-

--1
1

-

---

!
I 4

3.2000
8.0347 7.8696

I I ---I ---

1
1

1.7043
7.5391

C)

I

1.00000E- 02 3. 0000uL-U2
. 000001-02 0. 10000 0.1A1000 0. Icu00 0. 1 300)

7.140.3

1-

14 1 1I 1 1

1 I 1
4+4-

1
I l

I t

1' 1 1

I I 1 ----I---

--- 1 A 1
1

7.3(40
1.2085 1.J435 6.6784

0

r-

7.03 70
6.c9433

b.t

.1522 103J

A----I i i 1

1 1 -1---------1-+----1------1---1
I 1
4-

+ *41 4-4I1 14

1 --- 1j-- -- - 1 1

6. 7129
6.5479 b.36-26

I

6. 4699 6.3297

---

--

-

1

1 I

J. 14000
0. 15000 0.16000 0. 11000 0. 1d000 0. 19000 0.20000 0.21000 0.22000 0.23000 0. 24000 0. 2500U 0.26000 0.27000 J.200 0. 29000 0.3300

6.1901 6. 0511
5.5121 5.17750 5.61371) 5.5014
5.3o55 5.2-403 1_ ---

-1i I 1 I 1 -1

-

I-

1 I

5.095S1 4.9616d 4.6285 4. 6959

1-- ---

1 I -I---

1 4 4+ 14-+

1 I + 1 -1----------------1---1------1 1 + 41 +-1* 1 4 1 1 +#1 4 1 1 -1+--4--I----------------------------+14 41 .1 4- 141 1
1*
4
I i

1* +- 4 -41

1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1
I I -1------

t 1

m

4
t

6.2173
6.0522
5.6867

1 1
I

1
[

---------

--

I

7 .7217

z

1
1

1 1
1 1

5.5 oc 5.3911
5.2261 5.0610

5

1 -1 1 4 I
-I ----------

!
i

-*.3955
4.1505 4.5652 4.3999

1
4 I 4 I I 1 I---1 A 1 1 1 4----1 1 I I I 1
---I

4.56o39
4. 40325

1

1---4-+--14*44-

-I 1

-------

I ------

1 --- 1I
1 1

4. 3086 4.2173
4.1251 4.0347

i 1

I I

I 1 I

4. 3019 4.1(118
4. 0424 3.53137 3.7657
3. 6:) . 3
8

L
4 1 !1

4+1 4
+ 14

0. 3100
3. 32000 0. 33013 0.34000 0. 35000 0. 36000 3. 3700 0. 31u00 0.39000 0. 9000 0.41000 0. 42000 0.,+3000 0. 9400o 0. 45030 0. 4t000

1 i 1 i

It 1------1---I

3 .4056 3. 2o02 3.1x55

+* 41 +4-4-1 1I 4++- 1 1 +*4t 144- -- -1I-4-

I
1 I I 1 1 I ------

3.0315
2.

Y J62

1I 1 I 1
1--+I*
*+

+

+I 4-1 1
1 --

1 1
i
1

I 1 -- I -I I 1 1 ---1 ---1 I I I I 1

1 1 4--I----4 1 1 1 4-----I-41 3 I I I 1

I

I

-4 1 1 1 1 i 1 I 4 1 1

1 I I 1 -4 1 I 4 41--1 1 I 1 I 1

I
1
---- 1

3.9431
3.8521 3.7o017 3.6692

----

1-1 1 1 0 I 1 I 1 1

1 1 1 --1 1 1 1 I
1 1

3.5781
1 3.4668

3.3955 3.3042 3.2129) 3.1216
3.0303

2.9390
2.6417 2.7563

2.13855 2. oo3o 2. 542 2.4211
2..J

---

1
I

i 1
------

1
1

2.6650
2.5737

2.1 82 1 2.u642

j01t.

1
1----*-+

2.482't
2.391ll 2.299

I1------I
4

I

+I

1

4---I

-- 1--- 1- -4 1 I

I- -----

I --

-

-

--

--

1

---

---

I1

4I

4I&I

1

1

28

28 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

APPENDIX IV Computer Program for Calculating Critical Disk Values Including a Sample of Computer Output Secchi To calculate critical COD values the following card substitutions must be made in the computer program:
INITIAL SECTION INCON MAXCOD INCON MIDISK
= =

for

180.0, MINCOD 5.0, MSIDISK

= =

5.0, COD = 92.5 175.0, SDISK = 90.0

DYNAMIC SECTION DOPL
=

for

DOPL

=

(-1.005719-.0O014827*COD-.0000125*COD*COD + .0O765502*T-. 001442 7*T*T+. 000252 7*COD* T)/60.0 (-1. 133331+.0038082*SDISK+.0000145*SDISK* SDISK+.0812387*T- .0007486*T*T -. 000 3490*SDISK*T) /60.0

TERMINAL SECTION MINCOD NXOISK
= =

for

COD SDISK

for

COD = (MAXCOD + COD) /2.0 SDISK = (MIDISK + SDISK)/2.0 MAXCOD MIDISK
= =

for

COD SDISK

for

COD = (MINCOD + COD)/2.0 SDISK = (MIDISK + SDISK)/2.0 WRITE.(6,4) ICDOX, T, DOCALC, INITWT, COD

for

WRITE 3K, 3X,

(6,4)

ICDOK,I, DOCALC,
',
=

INITWT, 'COD
='

SDISK F

' UNITW

for

'UNITU-T
= =

F F 6. 1,

6.1,

/1,5X,

1,5K, 'SDISK

=',,

6.2)
F 6.2)

for

2 MAXCOD 2 MIDISK MINCOD
=

180.0 5.0

5.0

for

M0DISK = 175.0

for

COD = (MAXCOD + MINCOD)/2.0 SDISK = (MXDISK +~ MIDISK)/2,0

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

29

$$sCONTINUOS SYSTEM

MODELING PROGRAM

III

VLM3

TRANSLATOR

OUTPUT$$$

* * * *

SIMULATION MODEL FOR CALCULATING. CRITICAL SECCHI DISK VISIBILITIES (CM) FOR 100--CM (3.28 Ft) DEEP PONDS CONTAINING 3000 CHAN~NEL CATFISH PER ACRE. CRITICAL VALUES WILL BE GENERATED FOR 500-4000 LBS/ACRE IN 500 LBS/ACRE INCREMENTS.

INI TIAL *
*

DIFFUSE -

GAIN OR LOSS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DIFFUSION -

Mo/L/HOR

(DO)

10

FUNCTION DIFFUS =(0,.212),(25,.177),(5U,.129),(75,.079),...
(100,.025),(125,-.040) ,(150,-.098),... (175, -. 146),( 200,-.1B1)1,( 225 ,-.209) , . (250,-.225) * T - WATER TEMPERATURE Al OUSK(° C); lCDOX=2.D INCUN T=20.0, ICDUX DO AT DUSK, MG/L

* MXDISK, MIDISK, 5015K - MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, AND) AVERAGE SECCHI * DISK VISIBILITY ECM) - THESE VALUES SHOULD NOT BE CHANGED * INLUN MIDISK = 5.0, MXDISK = 175.0, SDISK= 90.0 * DOBTH PARAMETER LOSS OF DOBFH= 00 TO MOO RESPIRATION, 0.000694 GM MG/L/MIN

* UNITWT - INDIVIDUAL FISH WEIGHT, PARAMETER UNIWT = 75.67

* FISHNU - NUMBER OF FISH/ACRE; PUNVOL PARAMETER FISHNO=3000., PONVOL=3912000. * LIME - STARTING TIME INCON TIME=0.0000 DYNAMIC FOR SIMULATION=

POND VOLUME

IN LITERS

DUSK

* DUSAT - SATURATION OXYGEN LEVEL FOR STANDARD PRESSURE, MGr/L * DUSAT - SATURATION OXYGEN LEVEL FOR STANDARD PRESSURE, MG/I. = 14.652 - .41022*1 + .007991*T*T - .000078*1T*1*1

DOSAT

*

SAICON - SATURATED OXYGEN LEVEL CORRECTED FOR ELEVAIION, SAICON = (DUSAT)*(0.973) UF POND WATER

MG/L

* PERSAT - PERCENT OXYGEN SATURATION PERSAT = (ICDUX/SAFCON)*100.D

* DODIFF - RATE OF GAIN OR LOSS OF DO TO DIFFUSION, D0001FF = NLFGEN(DIFFOS,PERSAI )/60.0
*

MG/L/MIN

LOG.FOX - LOG1l0 RESPIRATION VALUES CHANNEL CATFISH AS A * FUNCTION OF WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE, LOGIO MG/G/HOUR LOGFOX= -. 999099-.DD09512*UNlT WT+.0000D106*UNITWT*UNITWT... -. 03270't4*T-. 0000087*T*T+. 0000003*ONIIW l*T * FISHOX - DO CONSUMED BY FISH, MG/G/MIN FISHOX=L IO.**(LOGFOX) 1/60. *FISHWT
-

FUR

TOTAL

WEIGHT

OF FISH

IN POND,

GM.

30

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

FISHhd

=

uNIhwT*F1SHNU AG/L/iIIN

* DOFISH - CUM61NDEL) SOLID WASTE BUD AND FISHOX, DOFISH =(.00143 4+ FISHOXh*FISHW1/PUN'V0L

* DOPL - OXYGEN CONSUMED BY THE PLANKIUNIC COMMUNITY, Mti/L/M~IN UUPL=( -1.1[333314-. D38082*SDISK+.0000145*SDI SK*SUI SK+.01312317*1.. -. 0007486*T*T-.0003490*-SDISK*T)/60.0 DO0T =(UDIFF-OOFIS-UU-OPL -OUBTH)*14'*U.
DUCALC - CALCULATED 00 CONCENIRATIUN DJCALC=INTGRLL ICOOX,OODT) *

AT DAWN

U IFFODO=D000-IFF *144 0. F ISHDO=DOF ISH-144O. PLDOO=OPL*1440. BBOO=DOBT H* 1440. ULFFU=(NIORLI 0.0,01 FF00) FISHU=INTGRL( 0.0,FI SHOD) PLANU=KINTLIRL (0.0,PLOO) 81)0= LNI(RL(0.0,BBOO) TERMINAL * FINTIM - FINISHING3 TIME FUR SIMULATION = TIMER OELT=.01, FINIIM=0.46 METHOD SIMP * ALGORITHM FOR GENERATING [I- (ABSLDOCALC-2.0) NUMRUN = NUMRUN + 1 CRITICAL SECCHI .LT. 0.1) GO TO 9
GO 10 3

DAWN

DISK VALUES

IF(NUMRUN
99

. LE.

10)

3

5

B

NUMRUN = 0 WRITE(6,99) FURMAT('0',SX,'CONVERIENCE CRITERIA NUT 0.00) (24, CALL DEBUG GU 10 2 CONTINUE IF(DOCALC .LT. 2.0) GO 10 5 MXDISK=SDI SK SDISK =(MIDIS5K+SDISK)/2.0 GO0 TO 8 CONTINUE MIDISK=SDISK SDISK =(MXDISK+SUISK)/2.0 CONTINUE CALL RERUN G.0 TO 40

MET')

9

CONTINUE
=',F6.3,...

D15i( WRITE(6,4)ICDOX, 1, DOCALC, UNITWI, 4 FORMAT(5X,'iCOOX =',F4.1,3XO'T =',F5.1,3XOOOCALC 3X,'UNI~wT =',F6.1,/,5X,'SDISK =',F6.2)

2

MIDISK

=

5.U

MXDISK = 175.0 SDISK =(MXDISK+MIDISK)/2.0 NUMRUNO

NIGHTTIME DISSOLVED OXYGEN

31

[F IT GE. 32.) 143 10 T=T + 1.0 CALL RERUN GO TO 40O 10 CONTINUE T=20.0 IF (I COOX . 3E. 14.0) (G6 ICDUX=[CDOX + 1.0 CALL RERUN GO TO 40 30 CONTINUE ICOOX=2.0 IF (UNITWI .GE. 605.34) GO UNI1TWT=UNI I d 4+75.67 CALL RERUN 40 CONTINUE E NO OUTPUT DOSAT OOCALC NUMRUN T VARIABLE SEQUENCE SATCON PERSAT 0001FF FLSHDO OIFFOO DIFFU NUMRUN MXDISK S0ISK COOX ICOOX T

GO

)14.30
10 40

LUGFOX FISHU MIOISK UNITWI

FI'HOX FISH-IMI UFLSH DOPL BBL)0 BTHU PLODi PLANU SDISK MI0ISK MXDISK SDISK

0001 L11009 NUMRUN

Sis$ TRANSLATION TABLE CONTENTS $$$ MACRU AND STATEMENT OUTPUTS STATEMENT INPUT WORK AREA INTEGRATURS+MEMORY BLOCK OUTPUTS PARAMETERS+FUNCTIOJN GENERATORS STORAGE VARIABLES+INTEGRATUR ARRAYS HISTORY ANJ MEMORY BLOCK NAMES MACRU DEFINITIONS AND NESTED MACROS MACRO STATEMENT STORAGE LITERAL CONSTANT STORAGE SORT SECTIONS MAXIMUM STATEMENTS IN SECTION

CURRENT 41 72 5 + 12 + 0 + 21 6 13 0 1 21

MAXIMUM 600 1900 300 400 50 50 50 125 100 20 600

0
0/2
1

$$$END

OF

TRANSLATOR

OOTPUT$$$

32

ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

$$$ CONTINUOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTION DIFFUS=

14O0I:LINu.

PROuRAM

Ill

VIM3

EXECUTION
,...

oUIPUJ $$3

(0,.212)',(25,.177) ,(50,.129) ,(75,.079)

(1D0,.025),11:05,-.040) ,(150,-.098),... 175,-. I4b) ,(1200,-. Idli,(1225,-29,. (250,-.2251 INCON T=20.0, ICOX=2.U INCON MIL)ISK = 5.0, MXDISK = 175.0, SDISK = 90.0 PARAMETER DOBTHl = 0.000694 PARAMETER UNIUWT = 75.67 PARAMETER FlSHNO=3000., PONVOL=39 12000. Ii'CON TIME=0.0000 TIMER DEL T=.01, F INT IM=0.46 METHOD SIMP END SIMP INTEGRATION TIMER VARIABLES FINTIM PROEL DELI DELMIN 0.0 1.000000-02 4.60000-O8 0.46000 $$$ SIMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH CONDIT ION $$$ SIMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH CONDITION $$SIMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH CONDITION DUCALC = 1.923 T = 20.0 ICDUX = 2.0 SDISK =26.25 $S$ SIMULATION HALTED FUR FINISH CONDITION $$$ SIMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH CONDITION DUCALC = 2.014. ICOOX= 2.0 1 = 21.0 SDISK =47.50 S$$ SIMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH CONDITION
$$$ SIMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH

STARRT TIME = 0.0 DELMAX UTOEL 0.0 0.46000 0.46000 TIME 0 .46000 TIME 0.46000 TIME ITWT = 15.7

UNI

0. 46000 TIME 0.46000 TIME UN. ITWT ='75.7 0.4600U 0.4'6000 0 .46000 TIME0. 46000 TINE 75.7 UNI [TWii = TIME

CONOITIUN

'TIME

$ S IMULATION HALTED FOR FINISH CONDITION
SIMULATION HALTED = ICDOX = 2.0 SDISK =58.13 S$SIMULATION HALTED $$$ SIMULATION HALTED SSIMULATION HALTED $$SIMULATION HALTED 1 ICOOX= 2.0 SDISK = 79.38 $$$ SiIMULATION HALTED S$$ SIMULATION HALTED $$S SIMULATION HALTED S$S SIMULATION HALTED SSA SIMULATION HALTED T ICDOX= 2.0 SDISK = 84.69 S$$ SIMULATION HALTED 1 = ICOOX = 2.0 SDISK = 90.00 $$$SzSIMULATION HALTED $$$ SIMULATION HALTED S$$ SIMULATION HALTED $$$ .IMULATION HALTED 2.0 1 = SDISK =100.63 $$SIMULATION HALTlED $$$ SIMULATION HA~LED S$$ SIMULATION HALTED Si$ SIMULATION HALTED $$$

1

FOR FINISH CONDITION DUCALC = 1.901 22.0

0.46000 TIME FOR FINISH CONDITION 0. 46000 TIME FOR FINISH CONDITION 0 .46000 TIME FOR FINISH CONDITION 0.46000 FOR FINISH CON~DITION- TIME UNI [TWTI=75.7 DUCALC = 2.092 23.0 FOR FINISH CONDITION FOR FINISH CONDITIUN FOR FINISH CONDITION FOR FINISH CONDITION FOR FINISH CONDITION DOJCALC = 1.985 24.0 FOR FINISH CONDITION DUCALC = 1.925 25.0 FOR FOR FOR FOR
26.0

0.46000 TIME 0.46000 TIME 0. 46000 TIME 0. 46000 TIME 0.46000 TIME 15.7 ONI 111.1= 0.4o000 TIME UNIIi wt =75.7 TIME TIME TIME TIME 0.46000 0.46000 0.46000 0. 46000 ITwt =75.7 UNI 0.4o000 0.46000 0.46U00 0.46000

FINISH FINISH FINISH FINISH

CONDITION CONDITION CONDIION CONDITIUN
=

ICOOX=

DUCALC

2.053

FUR FOR FOR FUR

FINISH FINISH FINISH FINISH

CONDITION CONDITION CONDITION CONDITION

TIME TIME TIME TIME