,f BULLETIN No. 263 AUGUST 1947 EFFECTS of SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS on the SEED and LINT of COTTON AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT StATION of/* ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE M. J. Funchess, Director Auburn, Alabama CONTENTS PAGE EXPERIMENTAL METHODS BLOSSOM AND BOLL RECORDS -----------------------------METHODS USED IN VARIOUS DETERMINATIONS 4-----------SOIL TYPE STUDIES ---------------------------------4 SOIL MOISTURE AND FERTILIZER STUDIES 5 OTHER FIELD STUDIES 6------------ VARIETIES RESULTS _ 6 SEED COTTON STUDIES ___7 ---- EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF COTTON, EXPERIMENT NO. 1 PROPERTIES OF COTTON, EXPERIMENT NO. 2 SOIL TYPE STUDIES --------------- 7 7 12 VARIETY AND SOIL MOISTURE STUDIES OIL CONTENT OF SEED -----------------------------------INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ----- 13 13 13 15 INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS EFFECT OF POTASH --------- 15 16 INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM 17 INFLUENCE OF RATION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORIC ACID AND INGS POTASH - -- 18 18 EFFECT OF VARIETY, SEASON, LOCATION, AND PICK22 23 23 26 26 27 28 28 EFFECT OF VARIETY AND SOIL MOISTURE EFFECT OF DISEASE EFFECT OF METHOD OF PREPARATION OF SOIL PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED ------------------------------EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE --------------EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS --EFFECT OF POTASH _27 INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM EFFECT OF VARIETY, SEASON, LOCATION, AND PICKINGS -- EFFECT OF VARIETY AND SOIL MOISTURE EFFECT OF LAND PREPARATION -- 31 34 PERCENTAGE EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT INGS OF OF OF OF OF FUZZ ON SEED FERTILIZER AND SOIL MOISTURE DIFFERENT RATES OF POTASH CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM -VARIETY, SEASON, LOCATIONS, AND PICK- --38 34 34 35 35 FIBER PROPERTIES EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER AND SOIL MOISTURE -------EFFECT OF SOIL TYPES ---- 39 39 39 43 EFFECT OF VARIETY AND SOIL MOISTURE --------- 44 44 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ------------------------------------LITERATURE CITED ...... APPENDIX -47 FIRST PRINTING 3M ...... ..-----------------------------------------47 EFFECTS of SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS on the SEED and LINT of COTTON D. G. STURKIE, Agronomist THE value of a crop of cotton is closely related to the grade or quality of the seed and fiber. Percentage of oil is one of the most important factors determining the value of the seed, while percentage of protein is the most important factor determining the value of the meal. In case of cotton fibers, their value is largely determined by the size and strength of yarn they will produce. It has been shown by Turner (1), Underwood (2), Webb and Richardson (3), and others that yarn size and strength are influenced greatly by the strength, length, weight per inch (fineness), and maturity of the fibers in a sample of cotton. No attempt is made in this publication to review all of the literature dealing with the factors of oil and protein content of seed, or the quality of the fibers. The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station in 1928 began a series of studies to determine the influence of environmental factors on the seed and fiber properties of cotton. The factors particularly studied were soil moisture, soil type, and fertilizers. In 1984 the project was enlarged and became a cooperative project between the Department of Agronomy and Soils of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and the Division of Cotton and Other Fiber Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture. It is the purpose of this publication to report the results obtained in this study. The effects of soil moisture, soil type, fertilizers, and organic matter on weight of boll, number of seed per boll, weight per seed, weight of lint per seed, percentage of lint, percentage of oil in the seed, percentage of fuzz, percentage of protein in the seed, length of lint, breaking strength of lint, weight per inch, and maturity of the fibers are reported. 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION EXPERIMENTAL METHODS BLOSSOM AND BOLL RECORDS Blossoms were marked with numbered tags as they appeared. This number served as identification in all later studies. Each boll was harvested separately, and the cotton was allowed to reach uniform moisture content before any measurements were made. METHODS USED IN VARIOUS DETERMINATIONS All the bolls from blossoms occurring on a given date on a plot or under a given treatment were combined. The seed cotton was weighed, and the cotton was then ginned on a roller gin for ginning boll lots. After ginning the seed were counted and the lint was weighed. The weight of seed, percentage of lint, average weight of seed, and average weight of lint per seed were calculated. The seed were analyzed for protein, fuzz, and oil. In the process of preparing the seed for analysis, the fuzz was removed with sulfuric acid. The loss in weight from treatment with sulfuric acid was computed as percentage of fuzz on the basis of the weight of the seeds before delinting. The hull was not removed from the seed; therefore, all determinations include the hull as part of the seed. Oil determinations were made by the use of an Abbe refractometer. The method used followed that of Coleman and Fellows (4). The protein content was calculated from the nitrogen content, as determined by the standard Kjeldahl method. All determinations are on a moisture-free basis. The oil and protein calculations are on a fuzz-free seed basis. The protein is reported on an oil-free basis. The method of measuring the length, fineness, and breaking strength of cotton was the one developed by Richardson, Bailey, and Conrad (5). Maturity was determined by the polarized light method of Schwarz (6). Blue and purple fibers were combined, and in this publication they are expressed as percentage of immature fibers. All fiber measurements were made in a room with a constant temperature of 70° F. and at a relative humidity of 650. SOIL TYPE STUDIES Two soils of very different types were used. One soil was a Norfolk sandy loam taken from a field near Auburn, Alabama. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 5 This is a shallow, infertile soil, coarse in texture, and very low in organic matter. The top soil is usually 4 to 8 inches deep and is underlaid by a friable, yellow clay. The other soil was classed as Deer Creek loam, which was brought from near Stoneville, Mississippi. This is a deep, fertile alluvial soil, fine in texture, rich in organic matter, and quite uniform. It was thought that the use of these two extreme types would show any measurable effects of soil type on the quality of cotton. Large galvanized iron cans 30 inches in diameter and 24 inches deep, holding approximately 1,000 pounds of soil each, were used as containers. The cans were placed in a trench so that the tops were level with the surface of the soil and so arranged that they could be weighed. Two 8-inch layers of sub-soil and one 6-inch layer of top soil were placed in the cans in the order they occurred in the field. As the soil was placed in the can, it was compacted to approximately the same density as in the field. The moisture content of the soil was not kept constant. After it had lost considerable moisture, but before the plants had begun to wilt, water was added until the water-holding capacity was reached. By adding water in this manner, it was possible to wet all of the soil in the containers and not limit the area of root growth. Each can was fertilized at the rate of 500 pounds of nitrate of soda, 1,000 pounds of superphosphate, and 100 pounds of muriate of potash per acre. Thirteen cans, containing two plants each, were used for each soil type. This gave a total of 26 plants in each soil type, from which results were obtained. Plants were grown outside of a trench to make conditions surrounding the plants in the containers as nearly normal as possible. This experiment was located adjacent to the plots used in soil moisture and fertilizer studies. SOIL MOISTURE AND FERTILIZER STUDIES Field plots 20 by 20 feet in size, separated by 2-foot alleys, were used. Each plot was surrounded by a wall of galvanized iron placed 2 feet deep in the ground to prevent the plant roots from feeding outside of the plots. The galvanized iron was painted with an asphalt base paint before it was placed in the soil. The soil within the plots was not disturbed when placing the wall of galvanized iron. 6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Cotton was spaced 2 feet apart with two plants per hill, in rows 4 feet apart, giving 100 plants per plot. Cotton plants were grown in the alleys and on outside borders of all plots to approximate normal field conditions. When it was desired to reduce the soil moisture, rain was kept off by means of a movable cover. Various plots requiring additional moisture were irTigated when necessary to keep the moisture condition of the soil at the proper level (10 to 12 per cent). Water was applied at night or on a cloudy afternoon to prevent excessive water losses by evaporation. Each plot was laid off in 16 sections. Small mounds of soil were thrown up at the borders of these to confine the water and prevent it from forming pools in the lower areas. This made it possible to irrigate the plots uniformly. Water was measured by a standard water meter as it was applied to each plot. Soil moisture records were obtained by taking samples of soil at three depths (0 to 8, 8 to 16, and 16 to 24 inches), so that the moisture content could be determined for 8-inch layers from 0 to 24 inches. The samples for soil moisture were taken from between the rows. OTHER FIELD STUDIES Experiments with fertilizers, varieties, and method of soil preparation were conducted at different places in the State. Details of each of these tests are discussed under the results. VARIETIES A pure line strain of Mexican Big Boll variety developed by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station was obtained for use in this experiment. This is a typical variety of American upland cotton. The strain used, when grown under favorable conditions, produces a staple length of approximately 13 inches. Comparisons with other varieties were made and are discussed in the results. The seed were obtained from the breeders of the respective varieties. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 7 RESULTS SEED COTTON STUDIES Effect of Soil Moisture on Various Properties of Cotton, Experiment No. 1 The experiment to determine the effects of soil moisture was begun in 1928 on plots previously described. The soil used was a Norfolk sandy loam of medium fertility. Each plot received an application of 500 pounds of nitrate of soda, 1,000 pounds of superphosphate, and 100 pounds of muriate of potash per acre. All of the phosphate and potash and one-fourth of the nitrogen was applied in three bands before planting. One band of fertilizer was placed 2 inches below the seed, and two bands were placed at the side 6 inches from the seed and 2 to 3 inches below the seed. The remaining three-fourths of the nitrogen was applied as a side dressing after the cotton was thinned. The cotton blooms were tagged each day. When the bolls were harvested, they were grouped for each date, i.e., all bolls from blooms, occurring on a certain date were combined and used for the various tests and determinations. The results averaged by years are given in Table 1, and by weeks in Appendix Table 1. These data show that adequate soil moisture resulted in cotton with a larger boll, slightly more seed per boll, heavier seed, larger weight of lint per seed, and smaller lint percentage than cotton with deficient soil moisture. Effect of Fertilizer Treatment and Soil Moisture on Various Properties of Cotton, Experiment No. 2 In 1933 the experiment was expanded to include fertilizer and organic matter studies under two conditions of soil moisture. It was planned to measure the effect of either nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, organic matter, or soil moisture on the various characters studied. The treatments used were designed to produce extremes; that is, unusually high rates of application were contrasted with no application of the treatment under consideration. By this means it was hoped to determine extremes that might be produced by variation in soil treatment. Thus, any variation under practical farm conditions would produce less effects on the character measured. Plots were prepared similar to those previously described. The 8 TABLE 1. ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF COTTON FIBER AND SEED, MAIN STATION, AVERAGES 1928-82 Character measured Breaking strength of fibers, 1,000 pounds per square inch Mean fiber weight per inch, 10-4, milligrams Immature fibers, per cent Mean length of fibers, inches Fiber length at upper 25 % point, inches Percentage lint in seed cotton, per cent Weight of seed cotton per boll, grams Seed per boll, number Weight per seed, milligrams Weight of lint per seed, milligrams Moisture' condition of the soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Years 5-year 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 average 79 85 60 58 19 20 .71 .71 1.00 .96 35.7 38.2 8.12 6.97 30.5 31.2 171 138 95 85 85 84 56 59 20 21 .77 .73 1.00 .97 38.9 39.3 7.42 6.80 81 83 63 67 42 51 .68 .64 .92 .87 37.1 39.2 6.85 5.00 70 80 68 71 66 69 .62 .58 .85 .80 38.7 40.7 7.54 6.15 68 75 59 59 34 49 .70 .69 .95 .93 35.3 38.7 7.71 5.90 77 81 61 63 41 48 .70 .67 .94 .91 37.1 39.2 7.53 6.16 31.0 28.8 153 130 90 83 32.2 29.0 30.8 32.5 30.0 24.4 29.7 28.8 154 141 148 150 123 126 137 125 90 89 88 80 95 84 84 79 1The soil was kept dry after the first blossoms appeared on the deficient condition. treatments used are presented in Tables 2 to 6, inclusive. Fertilizer applications were made the same way as described in Experiment No. 1. The manure, which was practically all horse manure with very little bedding or straw, was added broadcast in February and dug into the soil. All stalks were pulled and removed from the plots each year. Blooms were tagged and measurements were made the same way as described in Experiment No. 1. Data obtained from this experiment are averaged by years in Tables 2 to 6, and by weeks in Appendix Tables 2 to 11. Weight per boll. The weight per boll was reduced by omitting either nitrogen, phosphorus or potash, or by a shortage in moisture, as shown in Table 2. The greatest reduction was produced by a shortage in moisture. Under a condition of adequate moisture, omission of nitrogen produced a greater reduction in weight per boll than did omission of either phosphorus or potash. Under a condition of drought, a slight reduction in weight per boll was ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 9 produced by omitting nitrogen, but no reduction was produced by omitting phosphorus or potash. Thus, soil moisture and nitrogen appear to be the dominant factors in determining the weight per boll of cotton. Organic matter or some other constituent in manure tended to increase the weight per boll slightly over that TABLE 2. AVERAGE WEIGHT PER BOLL OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIF- FERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 193388-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda None Moisture Weight condition of soil 1933 1934 1935 1936 Gm. Gm. Gm. Gm. Adequate 8.31 8.07 8.28 7.98 Deficient 6.56 6.52 7.40 -Adequate 8.58 7.75 7.67 7.60 Deficient 6.51 6.73 7.08 -Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 7.54 6.99 8.28 6.45 8.69 6.97 7.90 6.95 6.51 6.36 7.37 6.72 7.44 6.58 6.76 5.98 7.23 6.79 6.71 7.61 7.26 7.24 per boll 1937 1938 1940 Gm. 7.66 6.56 7.55 6.15 Gm. Gm. 6.74 6.66 6.50 5.20 6.83 6.23 5.47 5.30 5.56 5.02 6.03 5.95 6.96 5.79 5.67 5.23 5.33 4.57 6.40 5.32 Av. Gm. 7.67 6.46 7.46 6.21 6.52 5.99 6.95 6.34 5.62 6.78 6.24 7.46 6.67 6.79 6.33 6.92 7.46 6.40 6.25 6.83 5.52 6.20 7.20 6.32 6.29 5.57 6.66 5.52 4.62 5.90 TABLE 3. AVERAGE NUMBER OF SEED PER BOLL OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH VARYING FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1933-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate Moisture Number of seed per boll condition r of soil 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Adequate 34.3 Deficient 32.2 34.3 36.6 34.6 32.4 34.1 35.5 34.4 29.4 31.2 31.8 28.7 Av. Adequate 35.5 33.7 36.3 Deficient 33.9 33.5 36.2 Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 32.2 32.8 34.2 31.9 35.2 33.7 34.1 33.2 29.9 34.3 29.6 33.3 32.8 28.7 33.1 30.6 33.0 28.0 29.9 28.4 29.4 25.5 25.7 31.1 29.2 27.0 24.2 30.6 31.3 33.0 33.0 30.3 28.8 28.8 25.0 27.9 24.6 30.2 26.1 32.3 30.2 1,000 Superphosphate 33.4 35.3 33.7 32.7 29.6 750 Nitrate of soda 33.6 36.2 -- 34.1 31.0 None Adequate 33.1 31.5 34.6 30.4 28.8 26.9 Deficient 31.0 28.7 32.5 -- 29.7 26.8 --- -- ~--~--'- - --CYI30.1 33.2 31.7 30.5 32.4 -32.1 33.2 32.6 32.8 34.7 _-- 10 TABLE ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT 4. AVERAGE WEIGHT PER SEED OF COTTON STATION DIF- GROWN UNDER FERENT CONDITIONS OF MOISTURE AND WITH VARYING FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1933-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda None Weight per seed Moisture condition of soil 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Av. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 152 128 155 125 156 122 152 127 137 130 149 129 147 125 135 129 149 134 140 127 134 129 148 132 137 126 136 131 151 153 __ 118 145 144 109 134 143 128 134 121 138 116 129 115 159 136 152 124 138 127 146 127 149 123 147 127 Mg. Mg. 140 116 137 113 124 113 130 115 136 123 125 119 151 126 146 121 135 126 144 125 141 124 136 126 Adequate 143 Deficient 135 Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 154 180 158 134 -- Adequate 148 Deficient 139 131 130 __ 110 TABLE 5. AVERAGE WEIGHT OF LINT PER SEED OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF MOISTURE AND WITH VARYING FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1983-38 AND 1940 treatment Fertilizer (poudslier re)e (pounds per acre) Weight of lint per seed Moisture condition 1933 of soil 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Av. Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. Mg. 91 79 78 80 83 78 70 80 70 69 75 _ 73 68 66 70 87 78 71 78 83 77 72 78 67 74 69 70 61 64 68 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda None -- 91 78 88 72 89 73 91 85 79 78 80 75 76 71 80 79 83 78 81 77 75 65 80 79 80 __ 80 _ 70 _ 79 -- 87 80 87 77 79 71 87 75 85 77 85 70 86 64 87 79 74 70 78 65 65 65 81 74 83 77 83 73 77 68 84 79 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON TABLE 6. PERCENTAGE OF LINT IN SEED and LINT GROWN UNDER 11 DIFFERENT COTTON CONDITIONS OF MOISTURE AND WITH VARYING FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1983-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate MoisturePercentage of lint Moisture A of of soil of soition 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 years all Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 37.4 35.4 35.8 34.7 33.6 36.1 33.9 36.7 34.3 34.6 35.3 38.1 35.9 33.8 35.1 36.5 35.2 39.1 37.1 35.8 35.2 34.3 33.3 33.8 33.0 32.9 36.2 33.0 37.0 34.6 35.8 34.6 36.0 37.9 38.0 36.5 37.0 35.2 35.6 38.0 38.9 Adequate 38.8 36.6 38.3 Deficient 36.6 37.4 37.9 750 Nitrate of soda Adequate 36.5 35.0 35.5 250 Muriate Deficient 36.7 36.7 36.7 1,000 Superphosphate Adequate 35.9 34.2 35.3 Deficient 35.3 36.2 34.1 750 Nitrate of soda Adequate 38.1 37.3 37.0 None Deficient 37.8 37.9 37.8 - 37.8 39.4 38.3 36.6 39.9 37.5 38.3 38.6 36.9 37.2 39.8 35.5 36.6 37.9 36.6 31.6 38.3 34.3 35.1 40.0 36.9 39.1 40.7 40.2 39.1 produced with mineral sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash. The increase, however, is not large enough to be significant. Number of seed per boll. Number of seed per boll was reduced by omitting nitrogen and/or phosphorus from the fertilizer, Table 3. The moisture condition of the soil had no significant effect on number of seed per boll. This is in contrast to the results from Experiment No. 1, in which the number of seed was increased slightly by adequate moisture. Weight per seed. Results presented in Table 4 show that weight per seed is greatly affected by moisture condition of the soil and by fertilizer treatment. A droughty condition reduced the weight of seed in all fertilizer treatments used. When cotton was grown with sufficient moisture, omission of either nitrogen, phosphorus, or potash reduced the weight per seed. Greatest reduction occurred when nitrogen was omitted. Under conditions of drought, fertilizer had no effect on weight per seed. Weight of lint per seed. Weight of lint per seed, Table 5, was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatment. However, it was significantly reduced by drought. Weight of liit per seed was reduced by a shortage in soil moisture in all cases. The greatest reduction occurred when nitrogen was included in the fertilizer. 12 12 ALABAMA ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Percentage of lint. Percentage of lint is increased by a shortage of soil moisture, as well as by omission of either nitrogen, phosphorus, or potash from the fertilizer. (See Table 6.) The greatest effect on percentage of lint attributable to fertilizer is the definite decrease produced by addition of nitrogen. Conditions that are favorable for a high yield, (ample moisture and use of a balanced fertilizer at a high acre rate), lower the percentage of lint. This is due to the fact that these conditions tend to produce greater gain in weight per seed than in weight of lint per seed. SOIL TYPE STUDIES Results obtained in this study are given in Table 7. Cotton grown in Norfolk sandy loam soil had fewer seed per boll and TABLE 7. EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES FIBER OF COTTON, MAIN STATION, 1928-34 OF SEED AND Character measured Weight of seed cotton per boll, grams Seed per boll, number Weight per seed, milligrams Weight of lint per seed, milligrams Percentage of lint, per cent Soil 1 type 1928 NSL DCL 7.21 7.45 1929 1930 Year 1931 1932 1933 7.27 7.89 33.1 34.7 13.8 14.6 83 82 37.6 35.8 73 65 66 63 61 60 1934 Av. NSL 33.4 DCL 34.5 NSL 13.1 DCL 13.2 NSL 83 DCL 84 NSL 38.4 DCL 38.7 7.34 5.72 7.57 5.76 35.2 26.8 36.0 26.5 12.5 13.0 12.6 13.1 83 84 39.9 39.9 76 68 84 86 39.3 39.6 74 66 6.96 6.46 31.2 29.7 13.3 12.7 90 90 40.5 41.5 74 65 63 66 72 70 5.85 6.53 29.0 30.0 12.6 13.5 77 83 38.1 38.0 74 67 58 61 71 43 6.65 6.18 7.31 7.00 32.3 31.6 35.3 32.4 12.1 12.9 13.5 13.3 70 73 36.7 35.0 75 69 62 61 48 44 81 83 38.6 38.4 75 68 59 60 55 50 .62 .69 .87 .94 .67 .69 .93 .94 oa Breaking strength of fibers, 1,000 NSL 82 lb. per sq. in. DCL 75 Mean fiber weight per inch, 10', NSL 55 DCL 53 milligrams Immature fibers, per cent Mean length of fibers, inches Fiber length at upper 25% point, inches 'N5L N NSL 28 DCL 24 NSL DCL .71 .77 55 56 28 27 .73 .75 1.00 .99 nea 55 59 75 80 .73 .70 .98 .95 Abur, .62 .59 .87 .83 labma .70 .67 .95 .91 DC: .60 .67 .85 .93 NSL .97 DCL 1.01 sre x NSL: Norfolk sandy loam from from near Stoneville, Mississippi. eerCrek ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 13 slightly less weight of seed cotton per boll, weight per seed, and weight of lint per seed than did cotton grown in Deer Creek loam. Percentages of lint of cotton grown in the two soils were approximately the same. Type of soil had only a very slight effect on any of these characteristics under conditions of this experiment. VARIETY AND SOIL MOISTURE STUDIES In connection with soil moisture studies, four different varieties of cotton were grown to determine if there was a varietal variation in response to moisture. Plots similar to those previously described were used. All plots received the same fertilizer treatment, consisting of an application of 750 pounds of nitrate of soda, 1,000 pounds of superphosphate, and 250 pounds of muriate of potash per acre. The same method of application was used as in the other tests. Results reported in Table 37 show that the varieties responded very similarly but not to the same degree. All varieties had smaller bolls and seed, and less lint per seed when grown under moisture-deficient conditions than when grown with adequate moisture. Varieties differed in the degree to which they responded. For instance, percentage of lint in Mexican Big Boll was increased by drought, while in the other three varieties it was decreased. This difference is due to the fact that drought produced a greater reduction in weight per seed than it did in weight of lint per seed in the Mexican Big Boll variety, whereas in the other varieties the effects were opposite. OIL CONTENT OF SEED Influence of Soil Moisture The seed of cotton from the experiment to determine effects of fertilizer treatment and soil moisture on various properties of cotton, Experiment No. 2, were analyzed for oil. The results show that the percentage of oil was reduced by a shortage in soil moisture, Table 8. Reduction in oil due to drought occurred in all cases regardless of fertilizer treatment. The extent of reduction was much greater when cotton was fertilized with a complete fertilizer than it was when the fertilizer was not balanced with respect to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash. This may be explained by the fact that the oil content of seed is 14 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT 8. PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN STATION TABLE SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER AND MOISTURE TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1933-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Moisture condition of soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Percentage of oil in seed 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Av. 26.4 19.0 23.9 19.5 26.1 22.9 23.1 18.7 25.0 21.5 25.7 21.3 25.9 22.4 21.2 20.8 24.1 24.8 26.1 20.0 21.7 23.3 24.1 24.9 20.9 20.4 -- 23.1 20.3 23.5 18.6 25.8 23.7 25.9 23.9 25.0 21.0 24.5 20.8 24.3 26.8 24.3 21.6 23.7 21.2 23.4 21.4 20.1 20.6 18.1 20.5 19.6 Adequate 24.8 23.2 23.4 23.6 Deficient 21.6 22.0 22.6 -- 24.8 23.0 25.6 22.4 23.0 20.6 20.9 19.0 21.4 20.0 20.3 17.4 27.9 25.5 25.8 23.9 23.8 22.4 23.3 20.7 24.0 21.6 23.4 20.0 22.9 20.7 25.6 23.5 20.8 21.2 25.1 22.2 reduced either by the absence of certain elements from the fertilizer or by a shortage in moisture. Either factor acting alone may reduce the oil content. However, both together cannot reduce it below a certain minimum. Thus, the gain in oil that might be obtained by proper fertilization would be to a large degree prevented by a drought. On the other hand, the increase in oil that might occur due to more favorable moisture conditions would not be obtained if the cotton were not properly fertilized. The maximum oil content is attained when cotton is grown under a condition of adequate moisture and at a high level of fertility. If the data are examined by periods (Appendix Tables 12 and 13), it is evident that reduction of oil due to deficient moisture occurred during all periods with all treatments. This indicates that oil storage in seed occurred late in the period of seed development. The seed from early blooms did not experience as great a moisture deficiency in their early period of growth as those occurring later. Due to the experimental procedure followed, soil moisture became less and less as the season advanced; thus seed from the early blooms experienced a water shortage only in their latter stages of growth, while those from blooms occurring late experienced the shortage during their entire period of growth. Seed produced under both conditions had approximately the same oil content and indicates that oil storage occurred late in the development of the seed. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 15 Influence of Soil Type Seed of cotton grown in the soil-type-studies experiment were analyzed for oil and the results are presented in Table 9. These results show that the seed from cotton grown in Deer Creek loam soil had a significantly higher content of oil than did those produced in Norfolk sandy loam soil. Therefore, it is evident that the type of soil may significantly influence oil content of seed. This is probably due to the high plant food content of the Deer Creek loam soil. TABLE 9. PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED OF COTTON GROWN ON DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES, MAIN STATION, 1980-34 Year Norfolk sandy loam 23.4 23.4 23.4 20.9 18.8 22.0 Percentage of oil in seed Deer Creek loam 27.8 26.2 25.0 21.8 21.2 24.4 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 Average Influence of Fertilizers Oil content of seed grown in the Experiment No. 2, where fertilizer and moisture treatments were varied, are given in Table 8 and Appendix Tables 12 and 13. From these data it is apparent that the fertilizer had a marked effect on oil content of seed when cotton was grown with adequate moisture. Cotton fertilized with a complete fertilizer or with only phosphate and potash produced seed that were higher in oil than plots that had no fertilizer or that received nitrogen and phosphorus or nitrogen and potash. Thus, the absence of either phosphorus or potash from the fertilizer reduced the oil content of seed. The source of nitrogen used in this experiment was nitrate of soda. Data from the plot receiving nitrogen and phosphorus indicate that so far as oil content is concerned the sodium in nitrate of soda did not substitute for potash. Manure as a source of nitrogen and potash did not produce a significant increase in oil over that produced by commercial fertilizers. This indicates that manure has no special advantage over commercial fertilizer in production of oil. 16 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION When cotton was grown under drought conditions, the oil content was not significantly affected by fertilizer, except when nitrogen was applied the oil content was decreased. This is perhaps due to the fact that the stress for moisture was much greater when nitrogen was applied, since the plants were much larger and used more water. Effect of Potash In order to study the effect of potash on oil content of seed, samples were collected in 1938 from cotton grown in a rate-ofpotash test at three Substations in the State. Cotton in these tests was grown continuously, using annual treatments shown in Table 10 since the beginning of the test in 1930. The crop in 1938 was the ninth. The results, given in Table 10, show that application of potash increased the oil content of seed. The TABLE 10. PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED FROM COTTON GROWN AT THREE LOCATIONS AND RECEIVING DIFFERENT RATES OF POTASH, 1988 Fertilizer (600 lb. per acre of formula) 6-10-0 6-10-2 6-10-4 6-10-8 6-10-16 1 Wiregrass Substation. 2 Sand Mountain Substation. 3 Tennessee Valley Substation. Percentage of oil in seed Headland' 18.9 22.2 23.6 25.6 25.5 Crossville 2 Belle Mina' 20.9 23.5 22.8 23.8 23.5 20.2 22.5 22.9 22.2 25.1 Average 20.0 22.7 23.1 23.9 24.7 TABLE 11. YIELDS OF SEED COTTON, WEIGHT OF 100 BOLLS, PERCENTAGE OF LINT, PERCENTAGE OF OIL CONTENT OF SEED FROM COTTON GROWN ON NORFOLK SANDY LOAM SOIL AND SIDE-DRESSED WITH POTASH, 5-YEAR AVERAGES, 1928-32 Potash f ertilizer Seed cotton per acre Pounds 506 782 794 5-year averages, 1928-19322 Weight of 100 bolls' Pounds 1.06 1.16 1.18 Percentage of lint Per cent 38.3 38.5 38.2 Oil in seed Per cent 22.8 24.3 25.5 50% per acre) SideBefore planting dressing None 50 50 0 0 200 1All plots received 400 pounds of superphosphate (16%) and 200 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre. 2 Eleven experiments over a 5-year period, in each of which the potash treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized arrangement. SA sample of 100 bolls was taken at each picking to determine the weight of bolls, and percentages of lint and oil content of seed. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 17 increase was very marked for the first increment of potash, but was much less for succeeding increments. In another series of tests conducted in 1928 to 1932 with cooperating farmers in the vicinity of Auburn, the effects of potash on yield and oil content of cotton seed were studied. The experiments were all located on Norfolk sandy loam soils. The fertilizer consisted of 400 pounds of superphosphate (16%) and 200 pounds of nitrate of soda to all treatments. Potash treatments were: (1) none, (2) 50 pounds, and (3) 250 pounds of muriate (50%) per acre. The 250-pound application was made as 50 pounds before planting and 200 pounds as a side-dressing at the first cultivation. In each experiment five randomized replications were used. During the 5 years, 11 experiments were completed. Results in Table 11 show that oil content of seed was increased by potash applications. The largest increase was obtained with the first increment of potash. Influence of Calcium and Magnesium Samples of seed were collected from cotton grown at four locations on plots used in a source and rate-of-liming study. The cotton was grown in a 2-year rotation of cotton, vetch, and corn. The 1938 crop was the ninth grown. Cotton received 600 pounds of 6-10-4 fertilizer made from ammonium sulfate (20.5%), superphosphate (16%), and muriate of potash (60%). Vetch received 600 pounds of 0-10-4 and the corn was not fertilized. The lime was applied only to the cotton. In the 9 years' rotation, the plots had received five applications of lime. The data in Table 12 show that at the rates used lime either in form of calcium or magnesium did not affect the oil content of seed in any of these tests. TABLE 12. INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM ON OIL CONTENT OF SEED FROM COTTON GROWN AT FOUR LOCATIONS, 1988' Amount of oil in seed Lime to cotton Rate per Av. Headland Prattville' Crossville Belle Mina acre Source Pounds Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent 23.1 22.1 22.0 23.3 24.9 0 0 Calcium 22.7 22.5 22.0 21.9 23.4 200 carbonate 22.6 21.5 23.8 21.8 23.4 200 Dolomite 23.0 22.0 22.2 24.0 23.9 400 Dolomite 1Cotton received 600 pounds of 6-10-4 fertilizer made from superphosphate muriate of potash (60%) and ammonium sulfate (20.5%). 2 (16%), Prattville Experiment Field. 18 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Under conditions of this test, no marked deficiencies could be observed in cotton. It is probable that the areas used were not sufficiently low in either calcium or magnesium for these elements to be limiting factors. Therefore, it is not to be assumed that these elements might not influence the oil content of seed on areas in which a deficiency of these elements occurs. Influence of Ratio of Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid, and Potash An experiment involving different ratios of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in fertilizers for cotton was conducted at Auburn in 1938 and 1939. The soil used was a Norfolk sandy loam of good fertility. It had been planted to cotton that received liberal applications of a complete fertilizer for several years previous. The treatments were randomized, using three replications in each case. Composite samples of seed from each plot were used for analysis. The data are presented in Table 13. There was no very marked effect on oil content of seed. However, there was a small reduction in oil as nitrogen was increased, and a small increase in oil as the potash was increased. Effect of Variety, Season, Location, and Pickings Seed samples from the first and second picking of cotton grown in variety tests at nine places in Alabama were collected and analyzed for oil in 1938 and 1939. The data are reported in Tables 14 and 15. Effect of variety. The average oil content of the first and second picking, Table 14, show that while varieties vary with respect to oil, the variation is not always consistent. In general, a variety high in oil is high at all locations and one low in oil is low at all locations. Varieties in the high-oil group shift their relative positions with respect to each other, and, thus, the average for all places shows there is no significant difference in oil content of varieties belonging in this group. Correspondingly, varieties in the low-oil group behave in the same manner. Varieties having relatively high-oil content were Cook 144, Cook 307, and Cook 1255; those having low-oil content were Qualla, Mebane, Misdel 1, Farm Relief, and Cook 1847. The data indicate that oil content of seed has not received sufficient consideration in selection and improvement of varieties. For example, Qualla was very low in oil, while Qualla No. 2 was ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 19 1 relatively high. Cook 144 and Cook 307 are high, while Cook 1347 is low; Misdel is high and Misdel 1 is low. It appears that oil content of seed might be increased as cotton varieties are improved, provided this character is considered in the selections made. Effect of season. Data in Tables 14 and 15 show that season has a very marked effect on oil content of seed. The 1938 crop in all cases averaged lower in oil than the 1939 crop. These variaTABLE 13. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RATIOS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASH ON OIL CONTENT OF COTTON SEED OF Two VARIETIES, MAIN STATION, 1933-39 Fertilizer (600 pounds per acre of analysis shown) 0-0-0 0-0-4 0-0-8 0-8-0 0-8-4 0-8-8 0-16-0 0-16-4 Percentage of oil in Cook Half and Half Average 1938 1939 Av. 1938 1939JAv. 18.3 22.5 21.5 19.3 20.3 21.9 18.9 21.6 21.3 18.8 21.2 22.5 18.2 19.9 19.3 19.2 19.9 21.2 18.4 19.4 19.1 20.4 20.0 20.9 19.2 19.0 20.3 20.6 20.0 19.6 seed' 20.5 22.9 22.6 20.0 21.6 2.2.1 20.1 21.4 22.3 6-0-0 19.0 6-0-4 20.0 21.6 6-0-8 20.0 6-8-0 21.1 6-8-4 6-8-8 21.2 6-16-0 19.4 6-16-4 19.8 21.9 6-16-8 12-0-0 20.4 19.0 12-0-4 19.2 12-0-8 20.4 12-8-0 12-8-4 19.5 12-8-8 19.6 12-16-0 20.3 12-16-4 19.2 19.7 12-16-8 Average all 0 nitrogen plots 21.5 0-16-8 "" " " " " " " " " " "0 6%1o 8%1o 16%01 12%1oP205 0 " " " 19.4 22.7 22.1 19.7 21.0 22.0 19.5 21.5 21.8 18.9 20.6 22.1 19.1 20.5 20.3 19.3 19.9 21.6 19.4 19.2 19.2 20.4 19.8 20.3 19.8 19.1 20.0 21.1 20.2 19.7. 17.7 19.0 21.2 20.9 21.9 21.4 17.5 13.1 21.7 20.5 21.6 20.4 20.8 20.2 21.7 19.6 22.9 21.4 19.5 15.2 19.7 18.7 22.0 19.0 19.8 19.4 18.8 20.7 20.3 21.4 20.8 14.3 21.7 18.9 21.8 21.3 19.4 18.5 17.9 19.1 19.3 20.7 18.7 17.3 19.9 20.7 19.7 20.6 21.9 16.3 21.2 20.0. 19.9 19.3 20.8 19.6 20.5 19.8 18.8 19.2 18.4 21.1 21.7 15.3 21.1 18.9 21.9 21.9 17.5 21.1 21.0 20.5 20.7 22.2 21.5 20.0 21.1 22.0 17.4 19.2 20.5 19.6 19.8 20.9 17.6 20.3 21.6 19.0 18.5 20.0 18.0 20.3 20.2 19.1 20.6 19.6 20.2 19.7 19.5 18.2 19.9 21.3 19.4 20.2 20.6 18.5 20.1 21.6 19.2 18.9 19.6 19.2 20.1 20.3 19.5 19.9 19.8 20.7 20.0 19.6 ' " " 20.4 19.7 20.6 20.6 20.5 20.2 20.0 20.1 20.4 20.3 20.3 19.8 19.8 21.4 19.2 19.3 19.0 19.5 19.6 20.2 20.0 20.0 20.3 K20 4 " " " " 8 IF " " " " " 20.0 20.5 19.0 20.4 19.5 20.5 19.6 20.4 17.0 19.9 18.3 20.2 18.9 20.4 21.1 20.9 21.0 21.0. 20.6 20.8 20.9 1Percentage given is average for determinations made from three replications. TABLE 14. OIL CONTENT OF SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETEIS OF COTTON CROWN AT NINE LOCATIONS, 1988-89 GO s3%) VarietyAval North Alabama Belle AlexCrossAv. Alice- Percentage of oil in seed Central Alabama ville' 21.0 21.3 21.1 21.1 Mina andria' Cook 144-35 Cook 307 Cook 1255 Clevewilt ville 23.8 23.2 22.8 23.2 Junction 1938 21.2 20.5 17.8 21.4 Marion 3 Pratt- ville Auburn Lafayette 22.2 21.8 21.9 21.7 20.3 South Ala. Av. Monroeville6 locations 0 19.6 19.6 18.3 19.0 19.7 21.1 22.2 21.1 21.8 20.1 20.8 21.0 23.8 24.1 25.0 22.1 22.9 23.4 24.1 21.3 25.0 22.4 22.0 21.9 21.5 22.4 21.9 21.4 21.4 D.P.L. 11 A Farm Relief Half and Half Misdel 1 Qualla Stoneville 2 B Average Cook 144-36 Cook 307 19.5 19.5 20.2 18.4 16.7 18.9 19.0 24.6 26.5 19.9 20.3 20.4 19.5 16.8 19.8 20.1 23.9 23.4 21.3 22.0 22.7 20.6 20.6 23.1 22.3 21.9 23.1 20.2 20.6 21.1 19.5 18.0 20.6 20.5 23.5 24.3 23.2 18.8 20.7 21.8 .17.8 20.1 20.6 20.5 Cook 1347 Clevewilt Hi-Bred 24.6 23.6 24.5 21.1 22.7 .20.6 23.9 21.8 22.7 19.6 21.3 19.2 20.7 19.9 19.7 15.9 20.8 19.7 1939 25.9 26.5 24.2 23.2 23.4 22.4 20.2 24.2 23.3 27.2 25.6 21.4 22.5 21.9 21.0 .22.5 20.1 21.0 21.8 21.2 20.3 20.7 20.9 21.9 21.7 21.6 21.3 21.4 cI. II I. 20.8 21.3 20.8 21.5 20.6 r III- 18.2 20.9 21.3 24.6 25.0 16.7 23.3 22.0 28.3 27.8 17.8 21.9 21.4 25.3 25.5 15.9 19.9 20.5 23.8 25.4 17.6 21.2 21.0 24.5 25.1 D.P.L. 11 A Mebane Misdel Qualla No. 2 Stoneville 2 B Average 24.5 24.4 23.9 23.1 - 25.7 20.9 24.7 22.8 20.520.9 20.2 23.3 21.5 22.2 21.3 27.3 26.2 23.4 24.4 24.4 21.6 25.2 27.7 24.0 24.1 20.7 23.1 23.6 23.2 00. I- 24.0 26.2 24.6 23.4 22.3 25.2 24.8 21.0 24.2 _ 24.6 23.5 22.2 23.6 26.3 25.3 23.2 22.3 24.4 25.6 23.6 23.7 25.0 24.9 23.6 25.7 25.5 21.7 24.4 23.0 24.5 24.2 19.9 21.8 24.5 23.5 24.5 24.9 23.5 25.0 27.1 23.8 23.6 22.6 19.2 24.0 22.8 22.2 28.3 28.3 24.0 26.4 22.2 24.9 24.2 24.3 24.2 19.5 21.5 23.5 20.7 23.5 21.9 24.3 24.4 23.7 23.8 -I ' Alexandria Experiment Field. 2 Aliceville Experiment Field. 3 Black Belt Substation. 4Main Station. sLafayette Experiment Field. 6 Monroeville Experiment Field. z z 0 mI z m z TABLE 15. OIL CONTENT OF SEED OF THE FIRST AND SECOND PICKING OF 10 VARIETIES OF COTON AT 11 LOCATIONS, 1938-39 TI -n Percentage of oil in seed Picking Belle Mina First Second Av. First Second Av. 1Brewton North Alabama Alex- Crossandria ville 19.7 20.5 20.1 23.9 23.0 23.5 21.7 22.9 22.3 23.4 23.0 23.2 Av. 20.0 20.9 20.5 24.2 23.0 23.6 Central Alabama Alice- Marion Pratt n Lafayville Junction ville etteAV. 19.1 20.3 19.7 25.5 25.6 25.5 1938 23.9 22.6 22.6 20.0 23.3 21.3 1939 24.3 23.3 24.2 23.6 24.2 23.5 22.7 21.3 22.0 22.1 21.0 21.6 23.6 23.7 23.6 South Alabama Monroe- Brew- Head-A ville land ton' locations Av. all In 0 -I 18.7 19.2 19.0 25.2 23.1 24.2 - 21.3 21.2 21.3 - 20.7 20.2 20.5 22.3 19.9 21.1 21.7 20.5 21.1 22.1 20.8 21.5 21.0 19.2 20.1 23.3 23.6 23.5 21.1 20.0 20.6 22.6 21.4 22.0 21.2 20.7 20.9 23.5 22.8 23.2 0 -I -I 0 z Experiment Field. -I INJ 22 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION tions from season to season can probably be explained by rainfall. Rainfall in 1939 was abnormally high in August, about 9 inches above normal, throughout the State. The 1938 rainfall in August was a little below normal, about .81 inches. Effect of location. Some locations produced cotton with a much higher oil content than others, Tables 14 and 15. The location difference is not consistent. For example, cotton at Marion Junction and Belle Mina had the lowest oil content of any of the locations in 1938, while in 1939 the cotton at these locations was the highest. If the data are averaged for 2 years, there is not a great difference in oil content at any of the places. This indicates that season is an important factor in oil content of seed, and one cannot always be certain that any given locality will always produce seed with a high oil content. The most probable explanation of the course of variation from locality to locality is rainfall. High oil content is associated with high moisture content of the soil during the period of formation of oil in the seed. Effect of pickings. Results reported in Table 15 are average percentages of oil content of seed by pickings from 10 varieties grown at 11 locations in 1938 and 1939. The data indicate that oil content of seed in the first picking is slightly higher than in the second picking. This is perhaps due to a shortage in moisture as the cotton advanced in age. Effect of Variety and Soil Moisture In connection with a study of the influence of fertilizers under controlled conditions of moisture at the Main Station, ExperiTABLE 16. PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, MAIN STATION, 1936-38 Variety Moisture condition of soil Percentage of oil in seed 1936 1937 1938 Average Mexican Big Boll Cook 1006 Clevewilt Strain 5 Stoneville 5 A Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 24.8 __ 24.3 24.9 20.4 22.4 20.6 24.1 19.1 22.6 19.6 23.5 18.6 22.4 19.2 20.9 16.9 21.6 18.7 24.4 19.5 23.0 19.9 22.9 18.0 22.5 19.2 - 23.6 __ 23.2 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 23 ment No. 2, four different varieties were studied to determine if varieties might respond differently to soil moisture conditions. All varieties received the same fertilizer treatments. Data obtained in this test are reported in Table 16. It may be noted that varieties differ in oil content of seed, but that moisture deficiency decreased the oil content of all varieties. This indicates that varieties of cotton respond very similarly to soil moisture. The oil content of all varieties approached the same level under drought conditions. These data further confirm the fact that soil moisture is a dominant factor in determining oil content of seed. Effect of Disease Seed samples were collected from diseased and healthy stalks in connection with a study of effect of fertilizers on wilt occurrence in cotton in 1938 and 1939. Samples were taken from each replicate of 27 different fertilizer treatments, which were replicated three times. Two varieties were used in the test. Results of determinations made on the oil content of seed are reported in Table 17, and show that the oil content of seed was much lower from diseased stalks than from healthy plants. TABLE 17. OIL CONTENT OF SEED OF COTTON FROM DISEASED AND HEALTHY STALKS, MAIN STATION, 1938-89 Variety Cook Half and Half Percentage of oil content Healthy plants Diseased plants 19.6 20.3 17.0 18.9 Effect of Method of Preparation of Soil An experiment was conducted at the Prattville Experiment Field on Red Bay soil and on Decatur clay soil at the Tennessee Valley Substation near Belle Mina, in which different methods of soil preparation were used. This experiment was conducted in cooperation with the USDA Tillage Machinery Laboratory of the Division of Agricultural Engineering. All plots received 600 pounds of 6-8-4 fertilizer and were cultivated alike. One sample of cotton was collected at each picking from each plot for analysis of oil content of seed. The results are reported in Table 18. It may be noted that there was a considerable variation in TABLE 18. EFFECTS OF METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION ON PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED FROM COTTON GROWN AT Two LOCATIONS, 1939 Plot Plot treatment of land preparation studies First Prattville Picking Second pet. 22.8 22.2 25.3 26.5 24.0 26.4 24.9 24.3 Av. pet. 23.9 24.0 25.5 26.3 25.6 25.9 25.8 24.9 First pet. 23.8 23.4 22.2 22.2 21.2 20.7 23.6 23.8 Belle Mina Picking Second pet. 22.0 22.4 23.5 23.1 22.4 23.4 22.4 23.9 Av. Average r- (Ck.) 1 Burst out old row in fall; bed on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Burst out old row in fall; bed on fertilizer with 2 furrows February 1 Burst out old row in fall; bed back by bursting old middle Feb. 1; apply fertilizer at side at planting Burst out old row in fall; bed back by bursting old middle Feb. 1; open bed and put down fertilizer at planting Same as Plot 1 Burst out old rows in fall; bed on fertilizer by bursting old middles March 20-25 Burst out old row Mar. 1 to 15. Bed on fertilizer with 2 furrows March 20-25 Double disk Mar. 20; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 pct. 25.0 25.7 25.7 26.1 27.1 25.2 26.6 25.4 pet. 22.9 22.9 22.9 22.7 21.8 22.1 23.0 23.9 pet. 23.4 23.5 24.2 > a a 24.5 23.7 24.0 24.4 24.4 -1 m 0 C a a I-I (Ck.) Im z -! -I z -I o Z m z TABLE 18. EFFECTS OF METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION ON PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED FROM COTTON GROWN AT Two 0 z z LOCATIONS, 1939 (continued) Plot Plot treatment of land preparation studies First Prattville Picking Second pet. 25.1 23.0 26.4 24.6 23.7 26.7 25.3 27.9 23.0 Av. pet. 25.7 22.4 25.8 25.6 24.7 27.5 26.0 25.9 23.7 First pct. 23.5 22.3 22.4 22.4 22.1 20.7 21.6 22.3 22.1 Belle Mina Picking Second pct. 22.0 21.0 22.1 20.8 21.7 19.6 20.8 21.1 20.6 Av. pet. 22.8 21.7 22.3 21.6 21.9 20.2 21.2 21.7 21.4 - Average pct. 24.3 22.1 24.1 23.6 23.3 23.9 23.6 23.8 22.6 o m m o (Ck.) 9 Same as Plot 1 10 11 12 Plow out old row with bull-tongue Mar. 1-15; bed on fertilizer with 4 furrows Mar. 20-25. Break out balk Plow broadcast in fall; double disk Mar. 10; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 Plow broadcast in fall; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 Same as Plot 1 Plow broadcast Mar. 15; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 Plow broadcast Mar. 15; double disk Mar. 20; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 Plow broadcast Mar. 15; double disk Mar. 15; double disk Mar. 20; double disk and bed on fertilizer Mar. 25 Same as Plot 1 pct. 26.2 21.7 25.2 26.5 25.7 28.3 26.6 23.8 24.3 n 0 -i 0 -i 0 z A (Ck.) 13 14 15 16 U' m m a az -I (Ck.) 17 26 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION the oil content of seed from the check plots. Since only a small number of samples were used no very definite conclusion can be made. It appears that method of land preparation for cotton had little or no effect on oil content of seed, except, when almost no preparation was given (Plot 10), the oil content was somewhat lower. PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED Effect of Soil Moisture The data reported were obtained from cotton grown in Experiment No. 2 described under "Seed Cotton Studies," page 7. The percentage of protein in seed was increased under conditions of limited soil moisture, Table 19. This was true regardless of fertilizer treatment. If the data are examined by weekly periods (Appendix Table 14), it is evident that percentage of protein varied very little from week to week for any given treatment. Protein content of seed from bolls developed at different periods is remarkably uniform. This indicates either that there is not a short critical period during which the protein content of seed is determined, or that protein content is determined by some factor other than those under consideration, since bolls of different ages went through different moisture stresses during short periods. TABLE 19. PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN IN STATION, SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING AND 1940 DIF- FERENT FERTILIZER AND MOISTURE TREATMENTS, MAIN 1936-38 Fertilizer (pounds per acre) (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Moisture condition of soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 1936 30.9 Percentage protein in seed 1937 1938 1940 Average 30.4 33.4 29.3 33.2 27.4 28.8 32.1 33.5 32.6 33.2 27.6 29.4 30.3 32.1 32.0 31.6 26.9 28.0 31.1 32.3 30.4 31.2 27.4 29.9 30.5 33.0 31.8 33.0 28.7 28.0 32.2 32.5 31.8 33.5 29.4 30.4 30.5 32.8 30.9 32.6 27.5 28.3 31.8 32.8 31.3 32.6 28.3 29.9 -- 30.3 _ 27.3 __ 31.8 -- 30.7 _ 28.7 _ ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 27 Effect of Fertilizers Analyses of seed in the experiment "Effect of Fertilizer Treatment and Soil Moisture on Various Properties of Cotton, Experiment No. 2," page 7, showed that the kind of fertilizer had a marked effect on protein content of seed under both conditions of moisture. A fertilizer very high in nitrogen produced cotton seed of a much higher protein content than seed of cotton receiving only phosphate and potash, Table 19. Also, reduction in protein content as a result of omitting nitrogen was greater than the reduction caused by supplying ample moisture. The highest protein content was obtained where cotton was grown under drought conditions with large amounts of nitrogen in the fertilizer. Protein content of seed was about the same when either nitrate of soda or manure was the source of nitrogen. This indicates that manure contains no special constituents that affect protein content of cotton seed. The protein content of seed was lower when phosphorus and potash were applied without nitrogen than when no fertilizer was used. Effect of Potash Seed from samples collected in 1938 for an oil study were analyzed for protein. The samples were collected from cotton grown in a rate-of-potash test at three Substations in the State. The potash treatments and data are reported in Table 20. These data show that the protein content was reduced slightly by the application of potash. The probable explanation of this reduction is that the yield of cotton is increased by application of potash. Since nitrogen TABLE 20. PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN IN SEED OF COTTON GROWN AT THREE LOCATIONS, AND RECEIVING DIFFERENT RATES OF POTASH, 1938 Fertilizer (600 pounds per acre) 6-10-0 6-10-2 6-10-4 6-10-8 6-10-16 Protein in cotton seed Headland Per cent 27.4 26.7 25.0 25.5 25.6 Crossville Per cent 26.4 23.8 22.2 24.5 24.7 Belle Mina Per cent 29.3 29.2 29.1 28.7 26.4 Average Per cent 27.7 26.6 25.4 26.2 25.6 28 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION was not present in unlimited amounts, the increased yield brought about a lower ratio of nitrogen to the yield of cotton. As previously pointed out, the highest protein content was produced when the yield was limited by drought and when nitrogen was applied in large amounts. These results are in agreement with those obtained in the experiment "Effect of Fertilizers," and they indicate that high protein content of the seed results from consumption of nitrogen by the plants in excess of that needed for maximum yield. Influence of Calcium and Magnesium Samples of seed collected for use in the oil study were analyzed for protein. The data are given in Table 21. It is apparent that applications of calcium or dolomitic lime had little or no effect on protein content of cotton seed. TABLE 21. PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN IN COTTON GRowN AT FOUR LOCATIONS, AND COTTON RECEIVING CALCIUM OR MAGNESIUM IN ADDITION TO FERTILIZER, 1988 Lime to cotton Source 0 Calcium Carbonate Dolomite Dolomite Percentage of protein in seed Rate per acre Headland Prattville Crossville Belle Mina Average Pounds 0 30.8 30.5 29.1 28.2 29.7 200 200 400 32.2 34.6 31.8 30.5 29.1 30.1 29.0 27.7 29.3 29.5 28.7 28.7 30.3 30.0 30.0 1The cotton received 600 pounds of 6-10-4 fertilizer made (16 %), muriate of potash (60%), and ammonium sulfate (20.5%). from superphosphate Effect of Variety, Season, Location, and Pickings Seed used in the oil studies were analyzed for protein; the data are presented in Tables 22 and 23. Effect of variety. Most varieties showed little variation in this character, Table 22. Seed of Half and Half, Hi-Bred, and Qualla No. 2 were higher in protein than other varieties, while Stoneville 2 B, Cook 1255, Cook 144, and Clevewilt were lower. It appears that there has been little attempt to improve varieties of cotton as far as protein content of seed is concerned. Effect of season. Results from the variety experiment given in Table 22 show that seed produced in 1939 were higher in pro- m z TABLE 22. PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED OF DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES GROWN AT NINE LOCATIONS, Percentage of protein in seed Variety North Alabama CrossBleAlexville Mina' andria 30.0 29.1 27.7 30.1 28.3 29.7 33.2 29.9 29.9 29.5 29.8 28.9 32.6 31.4 28.7 33.2 1938-39 0 z Av A 28.5 28.1 28.4 28.6 28.8 28.6 31.3 28.8 28.3 27.3 28.7 28.8 31.3 29.8 28.3 31.5 31.6 30.4 32.4 31.3 31.0 30.5 Alice- ville 28.5 28.3 25.9 30.6 31.5 27.5 33.0 29.2 28.2 26.9 29.0 29.8 30.7 29.7 28.6 30.7 32.1 29.7 32.2 29.9 30.5 Marion Pratt- Abr Junction. ville Abr 1938 Central Alabama Lafayette 25.6 29.4 27.5, 26.3 26.9 South Alabama Av. all Avlorolleloain Av Moreillcaon m z Cook 144-35 Cook 307 Cook 1255 Clevewilt D.P.L 11 A Farm Relief Half and Half Misdel Qualla Stoneville 2 B Average Cook 144-36 Cook 307 Cook 1347 Clevewilt Hi-Bred Mebane Misdel 28.5 28.9 30.1 28.5 29.8 29.1 30.5 30.1 27.0 27.3 29.0 29.5 32.2 29.4 28.4 29.7 26.9 26.0 27.6 27.2 28.5 26.9 30.3 26.3 27.8 25.1 27.3 28.7 29.3 28.8 27.8 31.4 28.8 28.9 29.2 30.8 31.1 27.2 29.8 27.5 27.7 28.1 26.7 29.0 25.1 26.2 28.5 27.3 29.1 27.0 28.3 30.4 32.8 29.4 27.7 30.1 29.9 1939 28.8 30.8 28.8 28.8 26.4 28.4 29.3 30.7 30.3 27.9 27.6 28.1 27.7 31.0 28.4 24.8 28.2 27.7 29.3 28.7 31.7 29.2 27.7 27.8 28.6 30.3 30.9 30.5 30.5 32.6 32.2 33.1 32.3 28.8 30.2 31.2 30.6 30.8 28.8 31.2 28.7 28.0 29.0 27.9 28.7 29.5 29.0 31.7 29.1 28.0 27.9 28.9 29.1 30.4 29.3 28.9 30.3 31.7 29.3 30.5 31.2 30.1 30.2 5.11I m on A 0 0 z m 0 25.7 27.3 26.9 27.1 28.4 28.7 29.8 30.0 29.3 27.9 32.5 31.3 27.9 30.8 31.8 32.6 D.P.L. 11 A Qualla No. 2 32.9 30.8 31.7 30.5 31.9 Stonevile 2 B Average 28.5 30.9 - 30.0 30.0 - 30.2 29.9 33.0 32.0 31.2 30.2 31.2- 30.6 30.6 28.2 29.4 28.9 32.1 28.4 28.9 30.4 29.6 28.1 26.9 30.1 29.6 30.6 32.0 31.0 32.5 36.8 30.5 30.7 33.2 32.1 29.2 30.0 29.2 28.7 30.6 32.2 28.9 30.0 31.0 30.8 CL. z -I 28.3 29.7 n 27.7 30.5 31.9 30.0 29.6 28.7 30.4 31.6 28.0 30.4 iw TABLE 23. PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED FROM FIRST AND SECOND PICKING OF AT 11 LOCATIONS, 1938-39 10 DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES GROWN a- Percentage of protein in seed Picking North Alabama Belle Alex- Cross- Av. Mina andria ville 29.5 29.8 29.7 30.6 31.1 30.9 28.5 29.4 29.0 29.4 29.9 29.7 26.4 28.0 27.2 30.3 29.6 29.9 28.1 29.1 28.6 30.0 30.1 30.1 Central Alabama Alice- Marion PrattLafay- Av ville Junction ville ette F South Alabama ton land ville ' Av. all a a Auburn Brew- Head- Monroe- Av.locations First Second Av. First Second Av. - 30.2 29.6 29.9 29.8 .29.4 29.6 198 28.6 28.3 28.0 28.1 28.3 28.2 1939 28.3 29.9 30.2 26.9 27.6 30.1 27.0 28.2 27.6 - 28.6 28.5 28.6 29.6 29.2 29.5 28.1 26.7 27.4 29.7 30.1 29.9 30.0 29.7 29.9 31.2' 31.4 31.4 30.9 31.3 31.1 29.6 29.7 29.7 29.7 29.3 29.5 30.1 30.4 30.3 28.8 28.9 28.8 30.1 29.9 80.0 C PI 30.1 30.5 30.3 m m 'z 0 z ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 31 tein than those in 1938. Rainfall in August of 1938 was much less than in the same month of 1939 and according to the results obtained in moisture studies, seed of higher protein content should have been produced in the drier season of 1938. Since this did not occur, one wonders why the difference. The explanation appears to be that yield varied between the two years; in 1938 yields were higher than those in 1939. Also, the stress for moisture was not as great under natural conditions as under controlled conditions used in the test at the Main Station. Effect of location. Protein content of seed from 10 varieties of cotton grown at different localities is given in Tables 22 and 23. The data show that protein content varies considerably from location to location within any given year, and from year to year at the same location. This indicates that location within itself does not materially affect protein content, but that variations attributable to location are probably due to differences in weather. Effect of pickings. The average protein content of seed of cotton from 10 varieties by pickings is given in Table 23. The data show that there is no significant variation in protein content between seed of the first picking and those of the second. Effect of Variety and Soil Moisture The protein content of seed given in Table 24 was obtained from the experiment with four different varieties under controlled moisture conditions at the Main Station, Auburn. The data show that, while varieties differ in their protein content of seed, all varieties respond similarly to deficiency in soil moisture, i.e., TABLE 24. PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED OF DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS, MAIN STATION, 1936-38 Percentage of protein in seed Variety Mexican Big Boll Cook 1006 Clevewilt Strain 5 Stoneville 5 A Moisture condition of soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 1936 31.9 30.9 31.2 28.8 1937 29.3 33.2 29.6 34.0 1938 32.0 31.6 31.3 31.7 Average 31.1 32.4 30.6 32.9 Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 31.6 33.7 30.0 33.0 31.1 29.7 31.1 31.1 31.3 31.7 29.9 32.1 iw TABLE 25. EFFECTS OF METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION ON PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED FROM FIRST AND SECOND PICKINGS AT Two LOCATIONS, 1939 F Plot No. Plot treatment of land preparation studies I A'LIT~ %~C~ H~'I~T~I~~TPC A~i~ R/I'I~~U~T\C Al Prattville Picking First Second Pet. 26.5 26.5 25.2 26.0 26.2 27.0 28.5 25.9 Pet. 26.4 25.8 28.1 26.5 25.9 28.4 28.6 27.1 Av. Pet. 26.5 26.1 26.7 26.3 26.0 27.7 28.6 26.5 I Belle Mina Picking First Second Av. Pet. 28.3 26.6 27.4 28.0 29.4 28.5 29.4 29.9 Pet. 26.7 27.7 29.3 28.0 27.6 30.4 29.1 29.0 Pet. 27.5 27.2 28.4 28.1 28.5 29.5 29.3 29.5 Average Pct. 27.0 26.7 27.5 27.1 27.3 28.6 29.0 28.0 m - (Ck.) 1 Burst out old row in fall; bed on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 Burst out old row in fall; bed on fertilizer with two 2 furrows Feb. 1 Burst out old row in fall ; bed back by bursting old 3 middle Feb. 1; apply fertilizer at side at planting Burst out old row in fall; bed back by bursting old mid4 dle Feb. 1; open bed and put down fertilizer at planting (Ck.) 5 Same as Plot 1 Burst out old rows in fall; bed on fertilizer by bursting 6 old middles Mar. 20-25 Burst out old row Mar. 1-15; bed on fertilizer with 2 _ 7 furrows Mar. 20-25 8 Double ___1 Mar. 1-_--1 disk _I 1 0 M c M m 20; bed lightly _on fertilizer-___-_.L;__ 20-25~ Mar. ~ I- I-__ z 0 z z 0 EFFECTS OF METHODS OF LAND PREPARATION ON PROTEIN CONTENT OF SEED FROM FIRST AND SECOND PICKINGS Z TABLE 25. AT Two LOCATIONS, 1939 (continued) Prattville Plot No. Plot treatment of land preparation studies First (Ck.) 9 Same as Plot 1 10 11 12 Plow out row with bull-tongue Mar. 1-15; bed on fertilizer with 4 furrows Mar. 20-25. Break out balk Plow broadcast in fall; double disk Mar. 10; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-2.5 Plow broadcast in fall; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 pet. 26.2 26.1 26.5 26.7 26.6 27.8 27.1 25.3 27.2 Picking Second pet. 25.5 27.1 26.0 30.8 27.3 28.1 29.0 28.6 29.0 Av. pet. 25.8 26.6 26.2 28.8 27.0 28.0 28.1 27.0 28.1 First pet. 29.4 29.4 29.4 31.9 31.7 31.1 30.1 32.0 30.8 Belle Mina Picking Second pct. 30.4 28.5 30.2 28.9 30.3 27.7 27.8 28.9 29.2 Average Av. pct. 29.9 29.0 29.8 30.4 31.0 29.4 28.9 30.5 30.0 pet. 27.9 27.8 28.0 29.6 29.0 28.7 28.5 28.7 29.1 Z o o O -I 0 Z (Ck.) 13 Same as Plot 1 Plow broadcast Mar. 15; bed lightly on fertilizer Mar. 14 20-25 Plow broadcast Mar. 15; double disk Mar. 20; bed 15 lightly on fertilizer Mar. 20-25 Plow broadcast Mar. 15; double disk Mar. 15; double 16 disk Mar. 20; double disk and bed on fertilizer Mar. 25 (Ck.) 17 Same as Plot 1 m M a a r Z iw 34 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION a deficiency of soil moisture increases the protein content of seed. It may also be noted that there is considerable difference in the response in different seasons. The deficiency in moisture increased the percentage of protein much more in 1937 than in 1938. Effect of Land Preparation Seed collected in the studies from plots receiving different methods of preparation were analyzed for protein. The data, Table 25, show considerable variation in the protein content of the seed from the check plots. Since only a small number of samples were used no very definite conclusions can be made. It appears that method of land preparation had little or no effect on the protein content of seed. PERCENTAGE OF Fuzz ON SEED In connection with some of the oil and protein studies, percentage of fuzz on the seed was determined; the results are presented in Tables 26 to 30. Effect of Fertilizer and Soil Moisture Seed produced at Auburn in Experiment No. 2, "Effect of Fertilizer Treatment and Soil Moisture," were used in this analysis. From data presented in Table 26 and Appendix Table 15, TABLE 26. PERCENTAGE OF Fuzz ON SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT MAIN STATION, 1936-38 AND 1940 FERTILIZER AND MOISTURE TREATMENTS, Fertilizer (p sertie (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Moisture condition of soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 1936 12.7 14.4 Percentage of fuzz on seed 1937 1938 1940 Average 13.4 17.1 12.1 13.5 18.3 17.2 10.2 11.1 7.5 13.5 16.4 17.1 18.8 18.6 20.2 18.4 18.3 19.5 23.1 17.0 14.1 18.3 19.1 15.7 16.8 16.0 16.7 15.1 15.0 17.5 17.1 17.4 14.5 16.1 15.2 16.7 15.4 17.2 15.9 15.7 16.8 18.1 16.1 15.2 12.3 16.0 16.4 16.5 15.4 14.0 13.0 14.7 ENVIRONMENTAL TABLE EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 35 27. PERCENTAGE OF Fuzz ON COTTON SEED FROM COTTON GROWN AT TWO LOCATIONS AND RECEIVING DIFFERENT RATES OF POTASH, 1938 Fertilizer (600 pounds per acre of formula) 6-10-0 6-10-2 6-10-4 6-10-8 6-10-16 Percentage of fuzz on seed Crossville 9.5 9.7 10.2 9.6 10.1 Belle Mina 9.5 8.3 9.5 8.9 8.8 Average 9.5 9.0 9.9 9.3 9.5 TABLE 28. PERCENTAGE OF FUZZ ON SEED FROM COTTON GROWN AT THREE LOCATIONS AND RECEIVING CALCIUM OR MAGNESIUM IN THE FERTILIZER, 1 1938 Lime to cotton Rate per Source acre Pounds 0 0 Calcium carbonate 200 Dolomite 200 Dolomite 400 Percentage of fuzz on seed Prattville 15.3 14.2 14.9 14.2 Crossville 16.8 15.8 15.1 15.8 Belle Mina 9.0 11.4 10.9 9.5 Average 13.7 13.8 13.6 13.2 1 The cotton received 600 pounds per acre of a 6-10-4 fertilizer made from superphosphate (16%), muriate of potash (60%), and ammonium sulfate (20.5%). it appears that soil moisture had very little effect on fuzz. Use of large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus without potash resulted in lowering fuzz percentage under a condition of ample moisture but they had no effect when moisture was deficient. Effect of Different Rates of Potash Treatment and history of the experiment from which seed were collected are described under the oil content studies, "Effect of Potash." Results given in Table 27 show that in this experiment percentage of potash in the fertilizer had no effect on percentage of fuzz on seed. Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Treatment of this experiment is described under the oil content studies, "Influence of Calcium and Magnesium." From the results (Table 28) it is apparent that application of calcium or magnesium had no effect on fuzz content of seed. TABLE 29. PERCENTAGE OF Fuzz ON SEED OF DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES GROWN AT EIGHT LOCATIONS, 1988-89 Percentage of fuzz on seed Variety VarietyAv. Belle Mina 13.8 14.3 16.3 14.8 15.1 15.2 13.0 17.9 15.9 16.5 15.3 13.2 12.4 14.5 14.1 13.5 13.6 15.0 14.6 15.2 14.9 14.1 North Alabama CrossAlexville andria 14.1 15.2 16.9 15.1 15.8 13.5 13.6 17.0 14.1 15.3 15.1 12.5 13.2 13.7 12.1 12.2 12.0 12.7 14.2 14.5 13.6 14.2 13.7 12.1 15.1 13.6 15.8 14.0 12.9 12.2 16.4 11.1 12.8 12.6 12.1 10.5 13.5 11.8 12.6 Aliceville Central Alabama Marion Pratt- Auburn Lafay ette Junction ville 1938 16.3 14.9 14.6 16.1 15.8 14.8 13.0 16.6 16.3 15.8 15.4 1939 14.6 14.0 15.3 14.6 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.5 18.5 15.1 14.9 South Alabama Av.a all Av. 13.5 14.6 15.9 14.5 15.0 14.1 12.9 16.7 14.5 15.9 14.8 12.9 12.6 14.9 12.4 12.8 12.7 13.6 12.6 14.4 13.8 13.2 Monroeville locations Cook 144-35 Cook 307 Cook 1255 Clevewilt D.P.L. 11 A Farm Relief Half and Half Misdel Qualla Stoneville 2 B Average Cook 144-36 Cook 307 Cook 1347 Clevewilt D.P.L. 11 A Hi-Bred Mebane Misdel Qualla No. 2 Stoneville 2 B Average 11.9 15.5 14.9 10.8 12.0 10.9 12.6 17.0 12.6 13.8 13.2 12.6 13.6 14.6 13.7 9.4 12.6 13.1 14.5 13.9 13.6 13.2 12.9 12.1 11.9 11.9 11.7 11.0 10.1 14.4 10.7 11.8 11.7 15.0 14.7 15.2 13.3 15.3 15.8 16.5 17.1 17.0 14.5 15.4 13.5 13.4 14.2 14.4 14.2 12.5 12.2 17.0 14.8 15.9 14.2 12.7 12.9 12.3 13.0 12.9 12.7 12.0 13.2 14.0 14.9 13.1 14.0 14.4 14.5 13.7 14.6 12.1 11.6 16.4 16.1 15.1 14.3 12.8 10.8 10.6 13.9 10.1 12.1 10.9 12.0 13.5 12.5 11.9 13.7 14.1 14.0 13.4 13.7 12.3 11.9 16.3 14.1 14.5 13.8 13.5 13.2 13.6 13.7 12.4 13.5 13.3 14.3 15.4 14.1 13.7 10.7 10.2 11.6 10.7 11.1 10.3 11.3 13.5 11.7 13.2 11.4 13.3 14.3 15.8 14.2 15.2 13.7 14.3 14.1 15.8 14.9 14.6 13.3 13.8 14.4 13.4 13.8 12.7 12.2 16.1 14.0 14.8 13.9 13.3 13.1 14.3 13.3 12.8 13.2 13.5 13.8 15.2 14.1 13.6 m -I c m m m Z 14.7 12.9 z z 0 14 z mn z TABLE 30. PERCENTAGE OF Fuzz ON SEED FROM FIRST AND SEcOND PICKING OF GROWN AT 11 LOCATIONS, 1938-39 10 DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON 17 Percentage of fuzz on seed Picking North Alabama Belle Alex- Cross- Av. Mina andria ville 16.4 14.2 15.3 13.0 15.2 14.1 15.1 15.0 15.1 13.4 12.4 12.9 14.5 13.4 14.0 13.7 11.4 12.6 15.3 14.2 14.8 13.4 13.0 13.2 Central Alabama Alice- Marion Pratt- AuburnLafay- Av ville Junction ville ette 1988 South Alabama Av. all Brew- Head- Monroe- Av.locations ton land A -I 0 Ville CA First Second Av. First Second Av. 13.2 - 13.2 12.6 13.7 13.2 15.1 15.7 15.4 14.9 14.8 14.9 10.7 12.5 11.6 15.2 15.6 15.4- 12.4 16.2 14.3 1989 13.3 15.2 14.3 11.9 - 12.9 14.9 13.8 13.2 14.7 13.7 15.7 13.6 14.7 15.4 15.0 15.2 12.1 15.1 13.7 13.6 14.0 13.8 11.4 11.5 11.4 14.6 14.6 14.6 13.1 13.4 13.3 14.5 14.5 14.5 13.6 14.2 13.9 13.6 14.1 13.8 0 CL z 11.3 14.7 13.0 11.9 w 38 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Effect of Variety, Season, Location, and Pickings The results of the fuzz determinations of the cotton grown in the variety tests are given in Tables 29 and 30. Effect of variety. The data, Table 29, show that there is considerable difference in varieties in percentage of fuzz. In 1938, fuzz percentage was high in Misdel, Stoneville 2 B, and Cook 1255, and low in Half and Half, and Farm Relief. In 1939, it was high in Qualla No. 2, Cook 1347, and Stoneville 2 B, and low in Hi-Bred, Cook 307, and D.P.L. 11. Effect of season. Season did not have any consistent effect on the percentage of fuzz. In some localities the fuzz varied greatly from season to season, whereas in another the variation would be reversed in the same season. A study of the rainfall records does not offer any explanation of the variations noted. Effect of location. This effect was very marked but varies from year to year. In 1938 seed at Prattville and Monroeville had a low percentage of fuzz, while those at Belle Mina, Alexandria, and Marion Junction had a high percentage. In 1989 it was low at Lafayette, Crossville, and Alexandria, and high at Prattville, Marion Junction, and Monroeville. In any one year differences between locations are very consistent, but the next year the variations may be in the opposite direction. There appears to be no plausible explanation for the wide variations. Experiments at Auburn with cotton under controlled conditions of moisture and fertilizer do not offer any clue as to the reason for the variations. Effect of pickings. Data reported in Table 30 show that the average percentage of fuzz on seed of the second picking was higher than that from the first, but this trend is not consistent at different places. Effect of Variety and Soil Moisture Treatments for the plots used are previously described under "Variety and Soil Moisture Studies." The data, Table 31 and Appendix Table 33, show that Mexican Big Boll had a much higher percentage of fuzz than Cook 1006, Clevewilt, and Stoneville 5 A. There appeared to be no consistent effect attributable to soil moisture variations. ENVIRONMENTAL TABLE EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 39 OF 81. PERCENTAGE OF Fuzz ON SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, MAIN STATION, 1986-88 Variety Mexican Big Boll Cook 1006 Clevewilt Strain 5 Stoneville 5 A Moisture condition of soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Percentage of fuzz on seed 1936 14.4 11.1 12.2 __ 9.5 1937 12.1 13.5 10.0 6.2 8.6 11.6 11.3 11.7 1938 20.2 18.4 12.9 12.6 12.9 13.2 12.6 14.5 Average 15.6 16.0 11.3 9.4 11.2 12.4 11.1 13.1 FIBER PROPERTIES Effect of Soil Moisture Lint of cotton grown in the seed cotton studies, "Effect of Soil Moisture Experiment No. 1," was tested as described under experimental methods. The data, Table 1 (also Appendix Table 1) show that the fiber grown under a condition of adequate moisture was longer, weaker, more mature, and had less weight per inch than that grown under drought conditions. Effect of Fertilizer and Soil Moisture The lint produced in seed cotton study experiment, "Effect of Fertilizer Treatment and Soil Moisture on Various Properties of Cotton, Experiment No. 2," was analyzed and results are given in Tables 82 to 86. The results are also shown by weeks in Tables 16 to 25 of the Appendix. Fiber length at upper 25 per cent point. Data for fiber length at the upper 25 per cent point averaged by years are given in Table 32. The fiber length was increased by adequate soil moisture. Under a condition of adequate soil moisture, there seems to be little effect of fertilizers on length of lint. Thus, it appears that soil moisture is the determining factor in length of fibers produced by a given variety. Mean fiber length. The data by years, Table 33, show that mean fiber length is affected the same way as fiber length at the upper 25 per cent point; that is, it is reduced by a deficiency in 40 TABLE 82. ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION LENGTH OF LINT AT THE UPPER 25 PER CENT POINT OF COTTON MAIN STATION, 1933-88 AND 1940 GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, Fertilizertreatment re)e Fertilizer (pounds per acre) LLength of lint at upper 25 per cent point Moisture conditionof soil 19 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Av. n. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. )33 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 30 .95 .83 )2 .93 37 .84 )4 .99 .95 .98 .92 1.00 - .98 1.00 .90 1.01 .91 .96 .93 .95 .93 .97 .94 1.00 .96 1.02 .93 1.03 .89 .96 1.01 .92 .87 .95 1.01 .95 .90 .97 .90 1.00 .92 .88 .82 .92 .82 .99 .89 .95 .90 .97 .92 .97 .89 .94 .91 .96 .89 .97 .90 .98 .93 4 .89 _ 30 .89 .91 9 .98 .97 )1 .87 .. )4 .95 .95 38 .88 .91.97 .98 )2 .91 .94 .99 _ 1.03 . 1.01 1.03 )5 - TABLE 3388. MEAN LENGTH OF LINT OF COTTON CGROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 19833-88 AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment Moisture of soil Mean length of lint 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 years In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient .65 .68 .66 .62 .68 .64 .63 .65 .68 .60 .69 .66 .68 .58 .68 .60 .64 .63 .72 .63 .71 .64 .71 .67 .72 .68 .70 .66 .71 .70 .73 .65 .72 .66 .70 .67 .70 .76 .77 .68 .67 .67 .74 .68 .63 .70 .63 .71 .66 .64 .62 .74 .59 .63 .56 .65 .57 .73 .64 .68 .63 .70 .66 .70 .63 .68 .64 .69 .63 .71 .64 .71 .67 .71 .64 .70 .69 .64 .71 .68 .74 .72 .75 .68 .72 .69 .74 .71 moisture, and fertilizer applications have little or no effect on mean fiber length. From a comparison made between the effect on lint length at the upper 25 per cent point and the mean length, it appears that the length at the upper 25 per cent is reduced approximately the same as the mean length. This indicates that ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 41 factors reducing length of lint exert as great an influence on long fibers as on short ones. Strength of lint. The data presented in Table 84 show that breaking strength was increased by deficiency in soil moisture. Fertilizer treatment appeared to have a little effect on this fiber character. Application of phosphate and potash without nitrogen increased breaking strength slightly. Under a condition of deficient soil moisture, applications of nitrogen increased breaking strength. This is due to the fact that nitrogen stimulates vegetative growth of the cotton plant, and in turn brings about a greater water stress than on plots receiving only phosphate and potash or no fertilizer. Weight per inch. The mean weight per inch, as shown by data in Table 35, was not greatly affected by any treatment. Deficiencies in soil moisture decreased weight per inch very slightly. The application of fertilizer had very little effect on this character. Cotton receiving no fertilizer or only phosphate and potash had slightly higher mean weight per inch of fiber than cotton receiving nitrogen. Percentage of immature fibers. The data for percentage of immature fibers averaged by years are reported in Table 36. These show that soil moisture is the dominant factor in determining TABLE 34. BREAKING STRENGTH OF FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1933-88 AND 1940 treatment Fertilizer (pounds per acre) Moisture condition of soil Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Breaking strength of lint Av. all 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 years 1,000 pounds per square inch 63 64 60 68 66 68 58 70 65 66 62 62 54 60 59 67 60 64 62 64 64 70 64 68 53 63 55 70 54 __ 55 52 63 50 62 48 54 53 58 56 57 53 57 50 57 48 57 49 51 51 52 53 57 52 51 60 68 60 71 61 66 54 69 57 69 49 61 55 63 55 66 58 61 57 63 61 65 59 61 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None 63 6361 - 59 69 -- 65 70 64 66 - 67 42 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION percentage of immature fibers. This percentage is increased by a deficiency in soil moisture. Fertilizer treatment had little or no effect on percentage of immature fibers. TABLE 35. MEAN WEIGHT PER INCH OF FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN UNDER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1933-38 AND 1940 DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER Fertilizer treatment dercondition (pounds per acre) Mean weight per inch of fibers Moisture of soil 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Av. 10 - Milligrams 1 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 64 54 64 56 61 56 64 53 61 55 63 60 59 65 61 67 64 65 59 62 59 58 59 60 55 56 52 56 __ 62 58 56 57 57 61 57 __ 56 61 57 59 56 67 66 70 65 64 62 68 62 60 53 67 56 67 62 65 61 65 59 65 62 66 69 63 68 71 72 69 70 60 64 69 67 60 59 60 60 65 64 63 62 60 59 63 62 - 57 57 52 __ 57 TABLE 36. PERCENTAGE OF IMMATURE FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS, MAIN STATION, 1933-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer treatment erilerrem (pounds per acre) 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda None Percentage of immature fibers Moisture condition of soil 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 Av. Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient Adequate Deficient 50 53 53 56 53 52 57 57 53 58 58 56 52 54 51 53 51 51 50 53 49 51 45 51 27 46 27 35 _ 29 24 . 23 27 21 28 19 34 -- 29 29 30 24 29 23 37 33 28 33 38 26 38 32 32 39 41 38 39 38 38 30 36 30 35 28 31 34 43 34 42 37 37 34 43 34 40 32 38 20 _ 21 28 26 _ 26 19 -29 . 25 29 _ 30 17 26 _ 30 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 43 Effect of Soil Type Fiber from cotton grown on Norfolk sandy loam in the soil type studies had a higher breaking strength and a higher percentage of immature fibers than did cotton grown on Deer Creek loam, Table 7. Cotton grown in the two soil types had approximately the same mean fiber weight per inch and approximately the same length. The explanation for differences in breaking strength and maturity appears to be due to the fact that there TABLE 37. EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF SEED AND FIBER OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON, 1937-88 Variety Character measured Year Mexican Big Boll Cook Clevewilt Strain 5 1006 Moisture condition of soil Stoneville 5 A Ade- Defi- Ade- Defi- Ade- Defi- Ade- Defiquate cient quate cient quate cient quate cient Weight of seed cotton per boll, grams Seed per boll, number Weight per seed, milligrams Weight of lint per seed, milligrams Percentage of lint in seed cotton, per cent Breaking strength of fibers, 1,000 pounds per sq. in. Mean fiber weight per inch, 10 -4, milligrams Immature fibers, percent Mean length of fibers, inches Fiber length at upper 25 per cent point, inches 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 7.55 6.83 7.19 33.2 29.9 31.6 6.15 5.47 5.81 34.3 29.6 32.0 109 124 117 70 61 66 39.1 33.0 36.1 62 57 60 56 56 56 30 37 34 .66 .67 .67 .91 .92 .92 5.76 5.35 5.56 32.6 27.5 30.1 111 123 117 65 71 68 37.0 36.5 36.8 53 54 54 66 65 66 22 39 31 .71 .68 .70 .97 .99 .98 4.70 4.87 4.79 33.5 28.5 31.0 89 112 101 52 59 56 36.9 34.5 35.7 56 56 56 61 59 60 35 44 40 6.21 5.41 5.81 31.2 27.1 29.2 123 125 124 76 74 75 38.0 37.2 37.6 55 58 57 4.75 4.18 4.47 30.9 27.5 29.2 97 100 99 56 52 54 36.6 34.0 35.3 59 57 58 55 53 54 42 47 45 .70 .55 .63 .98 .87 .93 5.87 5.40 5.64 31.4 29.0 30.2 116 117 117 71 69 70 38.0 37.0 37.5 49 52 51 61 64 63 30 44 37 .82 .66 .74 1.12 .98 1.05 4.75 4.33 4.54 31.4 27.5 29.5 92 103 98 59 54 57 38.9 34.4 36.7 57 57 57 58 55 57 35 46 41 .69 .65 .67 .96 .97 .97 1937 144 1938 152 Av. 148 1937. 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 83 77 80 36.5 33.8 35.7 50 48 49 59 67 63 29 23 26 .72 .68 .70 1.01 .96 .99 59 63 61 31 46 39 .68 .79 .63 .68 .65 .74 .91 .94 .93 1.07 .99 1.03 44 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION was a longer period from blossom to mature, open boll in cotton grown in Deer Creek loam. Cotton grown on this soil did not mature as rapidly as did cotton grown in Norfolk sandy loam. Effect of Variety and Soil Moisture In connection with the seed cotton studies, "Effect of Fertilizer Treatment and Soil Moisture, Experiment No. 2," four varieties of cotton were grown under two conditions of soil moisture in 1937 and 1938. Analyses of the fiber obtained in this study are reported in Table 87 and Appendix Tables 84 to 38, and show that varieties differ in their breaking strength and other characteristics. Breaking strength was affected differently in different varieties by moisture variations. Mexican Big Boll variety and Stoneville 5 A had a much larger variation in breaking strength due to moisture variations than Cook and Clevewilt Strain 5 varieties. This is not enough evidence to be conclusive, but it strongly indicates that breaking strength of some varieties would not be affected by adverse conditions as much as that of others. Therefore, as far as breaking strength is concerned, these varieties under all moisture conditions would produce a more uniform staple than others. The fiber weight per inch was reduced slightly in all varieties by a deficiency in soil moisture, and varieties did not materially differ in this respect. Neither did they materially differ in the effect on percentage of immature fibers. Immaturity was increased in all cases by a deficiency of soil moisture. Length of fiber was reduced in all varieties by a deficiency in soil moisture. Varieties did not seem to differ in their response to deficiency in soil moisture, as far as the length of lint is concerned. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The investigation consisted of a series of studies to determine the influence of certain environmental factors, viz: soil moisture, soil type, preparation of soil, fertilizers and organic matter on seed, and fiber properties of cotton. One series of studies was made under controlled conditions with variables of soil moisture, soil type, fertilizers, and organic matter, using a pure line strain of Mexican Big Boll cotton. Three other commercial varieties of cotton were tested with soil moisture as a variable to determine if varieties responded differently. Another series of tests were conducted under field conditions with commercial ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 45 varieties of cotton with variables of variety, fertilizer, preparation of soil, location, and picking date. Seed cotton characters studied were: weight of lint and seed per boll, weight per seed, weight of lint per seed, and ginning percentage. Percentages of oil, of protein, and of fuzz on the seed were determined. The fiber properties measured were tensile strength, maturity, weight per inch, mean length, and length at the upper 25 per cent point. Not all of these characters were measured in all tests. Weight per boll (seed plus lint) was affected by soil moisture, and fertilizer, but was not affected by soil type. The greatest reduction was by moisture deficiency. It was reduced to a lesser extent by omitting either nitrogen, phosphorus or potash from the fertilizer. Under a condition of adequate soil moisture, the omission of nitrogen produced a greater reduction than did omission of either phosphorus or potash. Under a condition of drought, omission of nitrogen produced a reduction, but omission of phosphorus or potash produced no reduction. Weight per seed was affected by the same factors and in the same manner as weight per boll, except that under a drought condition fertilizer had no effect. Weight of lint per seed was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatment or by type of soil, but it was reduced by drought. Percentage of lint was increased by a deficiency in soil moisture or by omitting either nitrogen, phosphorus, or potash from the fertilizer. Omission of nitrogen increased the lint percentage to a greater extent than did omission of phosphorus or potash. Type of soil did not affect lint percentage. Weight per seed is varied much more by environmental conditions than is weight of lint per seed. Therefore, the principal reason for a variation in lint percentage is due to change in weight per seed. Oil content of seed was increased by favorable moisture, by application of phosphorus and potash, and by absence of disease. Seed from cotton grown on Deer Creek loam had a higher oil content than those of cotton grown on Norfolk sandy loam soil. Oil content was not affected by calcium or magnesium added as lime, or by preparation of soil. Application of nitrogen decreased the oil content. Oil content of the first picking was slightly higher than that of the second picking. There was a variation in oil content due to varieties. Location had a very marked effect on oil content, but this varied from season to season. Thus, one 46 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION locality might produce cotton that has a high oil content one season and a low one the next. This is probably due to rainfall variation. Varieties differ in the oil content of seed but all varieties tested responded in the same manner to variations in soil moisture. Protein content of seed was increased by drought and by application of nitrogen fertilizers, and was decreased by application of phosphorus and potash without nitrogen. Calcium, or magnesium had little or no effect on protein. There was no significant effect on protein content attributable to land preparation or picking. Varieties differ in protein content of seed. Location affected protein content, but this varied from year to year, indicating that this variation may be due to moisture or other factors. No location consistently produced cotton with higher protein content than some other location. Percentage of fuzz appeared to be principally determined by variety and location. Variation due to locality was not consistent from year to year. These studies do not offer any explanation as to the cause of variations in fuzz. Fiber of cotton grown with adequate soil moisture was longer, weaker, more mature, and had a slightly greater weight per inch than cotton grown with deficient moisture. Under a condition of adequate soil moisture, fertilizer had only a small effect on any fiber property. Use of phosphate and potash without nitrogen produced a slight decrease in length and breaking strength of fibers and produced a slight increase in weight per inch. Under a condition of drought, applications of nitrogen increased the breaking strength and weight per inch, but decreased the length of fibers. Moisture condition of soil was the most important factor affecting fiber properties. Under the same environmental conditions, cotton grown in Norfolk sandy soil produced fibers that were stronger and more immature than those from cotton grown in Deer Creek loam soil. Other fiber properties were equal in cotton grown in the two soils. Varieties differ in their fiber properties and the degree to which the fiber properties were affected by changes in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 47 LITERATURE CITED (1) (2) TURNER, A. J. The foundations of yarn strength and yarn extension. Jour. Textile Inst. 19, No. 7, T286-T314. 1928. UNDERWOOD, C. The relationship between some properties of cotton fibers and the spinning quality of the cottons. Shirley Inst. Memoir 14 (1) 1-26. 1935. (3) WEBB, R. W. AND RICHARDSON, H. B. Relationship between properties of cotton fibers and strength of corded yarn. Preliminary report. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. March, 1945. (4) COLEMAN, D. A. AND FELLOWS, H. C. A simple method for determining the oil content of seeds and other oil-bearing materials. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No. 71. 1928. RICHARDSON, H. B., BAILEY, T. L. W., JR., AND CONRiAD, C. M. Methods for the measurement of certain character properties of raw cotton. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No. 545. 1937. (5) (6) SCHWARZ, E. R. Determining the maturity of cotton by use of the cotton classers microscope. Cotton 101 (1). 1937. APPENDIX TABLE 1. EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF SEED AND FIBER OF COTTON, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1928-32 Week of blooming 1928 Breaking strength of fibers 1,000 pounds per square inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 80 80 79 77 84 79 59 58 62 57 60 60 15 28 17 18 20 Adequate soil moisture Year 1929 83 83 85 85 85 89 85 58 56 59 57 54 57 56 16 19 17 23 21 15 20 .80 .80 .76 .75 .78 .74 .77 1930 86 85 85 72 74 82 81 64 63 65 60 58 70 63 28 38 42 51 52 34 42 .66 .70 .70 .63 .69 .61 .68 1931 1932 72 70 66 68 67 _ 68 56 58 60 57 60 59 37 35 32 38 34 34 .74 .75 .65 .68 .68 _ .70 Av. all years 79 78 77 74 76 81 77 61 60 63 60 61 63 61 32 37 35 40 38 37 36 .71 .73 .68 .67 .69 .66. .70 1928 89 87 81 82 Deficient soil moisture Year 1929 81 84 84 87 84 84 61 60 58 55 60 59 18 19 26 23 22 21 .70 .72 .73 .68 .71 .74 .74 .71 .72 .66 . .73 .64 1930 87 86 82 74 70 83 62 65 71 65 57 67 57 54 47 45 52 51 .62 .66 .63 .62 .69 1931 84 86 81 78 73 76 80 65 66 75 71 67 64 71 68 72 68 69 70 65 69 .58 .59 .55 .61 .59 1932 77 75 72 75 60 60 57 _ 59 48 49 49 _ Av. all years 84 84 80 80 76 76 81 62 62 63 62 61 64 63 42 43 41 40 48 42 .70 .70 .66 .67 .68 .66 .66 .65 .54 .67 Character measured Weighted av.' Mean fiber weight per inch, 10-4 milligrams Weighted av. Immature fibers per cent Weighted av. Mean length of fibers in inches 19 .73 .74 .71 .69 .67 - Weighted av. .71 74 73 72 69 68 73 70 67 66 71 69 71 62 68 66 65 69 69 64 63 66 .63 .64 .60 .62 .62 .62 .62 - D 85 61 58 56 57 58 21 19 17 24 20 W > c X - - x X $ 49 2 - -4 .54 .58 .69 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. Z m z TABLE 1. EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF SEED AND FIBER OF COTTON, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY 0 PERIODS, 1928-32 (Continued) Week of blooming 1 2 3 4 5 6 z m Character measured Fiber length at upper 25 per cent point in inches Adequate soil moisture Year 1928 1.02 1.01 .99 .97 .93 -- Deficient soil moisture Year Av. all years .97 .98 .93 .92 .94 .89 z Av. all years .90 .92 .89 .89 .90 .91 38.3 38.6 39.6 39.4 37.7 40.2 1929 1.04 1.05 1.02 .96 1.01 .96 1930 .90 .95 .93 .89 .94 .86 1931 .89 .88 .84 .85 .86 .86 1932 1928 .96 .96 .98 .93 .96 37.9 37.9 37.1 39.4 1929 .96 .99 .95 .97 .91 .97 40.2 39.6 38.7 38.8 37.9 1930 .85 .91 .85 .85 .95 .87 38.6 37.3 40.4 39.1 35.1 5.05 4.86 4.95 5.24 1931 .81 .81 .77 .82 .83 .80 37.6 39.9 41.6 40.3 40.0 40.2 1932 .93 .94 .91 - m on .99 1.01 .89 .93 .94 .95 34.9 35.2 36.0 33.6 35.3 35.3 7.00 7.59 8.12 8.23 7.46 m A 0 Weighted av. Percentage of lint in seed cotton, per cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.00 36.0 36.5 35.4 35.3 36.9 _ 1.00 37.4 36.9 37.2 39.9 40.3 39.1 .92 37.0 35.9 38.1 37.0 35.5 39.0 .85 39.1 38.8 38.9 38.6 38.6 38.8 -- Weighted av. Weight of seed cotton per boll, grams 1 2 3 4 5 6 35.7 7.96 8.08 8.56 7.39 7.16 __ 38.9 7.85 8.41 7.98 7.06r 7.11 7.05 37.1 6.64 6.19 7.22 7.28 6.68 5.99 38.7 6.57 6.90 6.79 7.65 8.25 7.47 -- .94 36.9 36.7 37.1 36.9 37.3 39.0 .93 37.0 38.5 40.1 - A 0 -I 0 z rn m e 37.1 7.20 7.43 7.73 7.52 7.33 6.84 38.2 .39.3 6.86 6.40 7.52 7.34 7.47 7.00 ---- - 39.2 - Weighted av. 8.12 7.42 6.85 7.54 - 5.56 6.72 5.24 7.71 7.53 6.97 6.80 - '6.03 6.37 6.11 - 40.7 6.11 5.93 6.16 38.7 5.56 6.16 5.76 - 39.2 6.00 6.36 6.27 6.17 5.53 5.64 a P- z -I - 5.64 5.00 6.15 5.90 6.16 (continued) tI C O TABLE 1. EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF SEED AND FIBER OF COTTON, AVERAGES PERIODS, BY 7-DAY 1928-32 (Continued) Deficient soil moisture Year Av. all years 28.6 29.3 31.5 31.2 31.5 30.1 31.0 159 160 155 152 146 139 153 93 93 91 89 87 89 90 1928 30.7 32.3 32.0 28.8 31.2 137 144 147 116 _ 138 86 89 87 77 __ _76 Character measured Week of blooming 1928 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 29.3 30.3 31.4 29.5 28.8 30.5 171 169 176 162 158 171 96 97 97 89 92 95 Adequate soil moisture Year 1929 29.2 32.8 34.9 31.4 31.8 30.5 32.2 168 162 144 135 133 141 141 101 95 85 90 90 91 90 1930 30.4 26.1 29.9 29.8 29.1 27.0 29.0 138 152 149 154 148 135 148 81 85 92 90 81 87 88 1931 25.5 26.7 26.6 30.7 34.1 32.7 30.8 157 158 156 153 149 140 150 101 100 99 96 93 89 95 1932 28.6 30.6 34.8 34.5 33.8 32.5 159 161 149 158 143 154 85 87 84 80 78 84 1929 27.2 31.0 31.9 31.5 26.9 30.0 141 133 134 130 121 137 95 94 85 83 74 89 1930 24.9 22.4 24.4 28.8 26.5 24.4 124 136 121 127 128 125 78 81 82 82 69 80 1931 26.6 28.4 29.6 30.5 30.3 29.8 29.7 143 126 122 125 121 113 123 87 83 87 84 81 84 1932 26.4 29.4 29.7 Av. all years 27.2 28.7 29.5 29.9 27.9 29.8 28.8 136 134 128 125 123 113 130 85 86 84 82 75 76 83 a Number of seed per boll - -- -- w Weighted av. Weight per seed in milligrams 28.8 133 129 116 __ 126 78 81 78 I- n IC C -I I- Weighted av. Weight of lint per seed in milligrams x -4 in m -- Weighted av. 85 79 z **! O -1 m -) 0 z ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 51 TABLE 2. AVERAGE WEIGHT PER BOLL OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1938-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer per Week of blooming 1933 1 2 3 4 5 6 8.70 8.49 8.07 7.43 7.13 -8.31 9.08 8.87 8.13' 7.94 7.70 7.72 8.58 8.14 7.49 7.13 6.73 6.37 - Year 1934 1935 8.23 8.09 7.96 8.01 --8.07 7.91 7.78 7.87 7.18 7.42 7.75 7.13 6.34 6.14 5.72 6.51 6.97 7.37 7.52 7.64 - 1936 8.63 8.42 8.19 7.49 7.48 7.12 7.98 7.87 7.87 7.72 7.30 7.10 7.42 7.60 7.21 6.94 6.47 6.28 7.21 6.41 1937 1938 7.42 8.38 7.86 6.72 6.85 7.66 6.30 7.87 7.94 7.18 6.43 -- 1940 7.50 7.09 6.57 6.53 6.75 7.00 6.66 6.50 6.07 6.08 6.34 6.26 6.21 6.23 5.83 6.21 5.70 5.40 5.18 7.00 Av. all years 8.23 8.11 7.63 7.22 7.11 6.50 7.67 7.66 7.64 7.77 7.17 6.89 6.86 7.46 7.40 6.67 6.23 5.75 6.03 6.71 Average weight per boll in grams 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 8.27 8.55 8.11 7.90 8.67 -- Weighted av.1 8.28 8.40 7.95 7.57 7.23 7.04 -7.67 7.90 7.31 6.60 -- 8.89 7.73 6.66 6.43 5.80 5.37 6.74 7.58 7.05 9.11 7.00 6.27 6.08 6.83 8.10 6.02 5.15 4.35 6.20 - 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 250 Muriate 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 7.55 7.48 6.38 6.40 6.04 5.17 6.34 6.10 7.13 6.96 6.26 6.52 6.78 6.19 7.24 6.95 6.23 -- -- -- Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.54 8.73 8.71 8.07 7.43 7.43 6.70 8.28 9.28 8.97 8.24 7.76 7.52 7.97 8.69 8.67 7.77 6.99 7.28 7.02 7.06 7.23 7.47 7.99 7.48 7.31 7.75 - 6.79 7.66 7.60 7.32 6.89 6.79 6.737.26 7.62 6.70 6.29 5.73 6.26 7.28 6.67 7.06 6.43 5.85 5.78 5,60 -- 5.56 6.81 6.54 5.70 5.31 6.14 5.30 6.03 7.99 7.21 6.86 6.13 7.01 4.93 6.96 6.73 6.88 6.38 5.25 4.67 -- 5.67 4.25 5.55 4.98 5.48 5.71 6.75 5.33 7.75 6.03 6.22 6.48 6.97 6.22 6.40 6.10 5.59 5.55 5.41 5.83 -- 6.52 6.86 7.27 6.86 6.62 6.72 6.37 6.95 7.82 7.31 7.00 6.59 6.94 6.60 7.20 7.05 6.82 6.37 5.95 5.78 7.06 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.37 7.92 7.34 7.25 7.12 ..-7.44 7.24 6.56 6.53 6.55 -.. -- 7.61 7.96 7.70 7.17 6.70 -- 7.46 7.74 7.69 6.97 __ -- 6.79 5.80 6.83 6.33 5.43 --- Weighted av. 7.90 6.76 7.46 6.40 6.25 6.29 5.57 6.66 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. 52 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 52 ALABA~A AGRICULTURLEPRMN TIO TABLE 3. AVERAGE WEIGHT PER BOLL OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer perWekoYeraepudbloomAv. all ace onsing 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 Mean weight per boll in grams 6.56 7.72 6.86 7.85 5.50 6.39 7.60 6.58 7.27 5.86 6.87 7.07 6.49 5.96 4.94 6.97 6.62 6.63 5.24 5.18 6.54 6.15 4.78 5.52 _ 5.83 6.00 6.56 6.52 7.40 6.56 6.50 5.20 7.34 6.35 6.14 6.18 5.94 6.98 6.43 years 6.9 7 6.68 6.25 6.14 5.79 5.92 6.46 6.78 6.56 6.00 5.67 5.83 4.99 6.21 6.64 6.27 5.69 5.44 5.25 3.94 5.99 6.38 6.48 5.95 5.89 6.07 6.39 6.20 6.76 6.64 6.00 6.11 5.70 6.00 6.32 6.31 6.08 5.53 5.39 5.31 3.98 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 6.97 6.78 7.34 7.68 6.46 6.24 7.03 6.23 5.88 6.00 5.64 5.49 __ Weighted av. 6.51 -- -- 6.40 6.14 -_ 6.73 6.27 7.60 6.21 5.63 6.73 6.69 6.37 6.11 -7.08 6.78 7.30 6.41 5.95 -_ 5.86 5.29 4.33 4.72 5.17 5.22 5.55 5.22 6.15 6.68 6.28 5.78 4.98 5.47 5.84 5.12 4.87 4.77 5.30 6.10 5.49 4.90 5.29 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 7.74 7.05 6.04 6.03 5.64 -- 6.04 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 5.99 - 4.23 -- 4.74 4.37 5.25 3.50 6.99 6.95 6.36 6.35 6.71 7.67 5.62 5.71 5.02 6.62 5.23 5.00 6.67 5.55 6.73 6.89 7.62 6.84 6.35 6.37 6.46 6.04 5.02 4.01 5.33 6.17 __ 7.28 -__ 6.73 6.56 _ Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 6.45 7.56 6.72 6.71 7.24 7.59 -- 5.95 5.45 5.92 5.53 4.58 5.62 7.25 6.24 6.76 5.95 6.75 4.57 5.20 750 Nitrate of Soda 7.19 5.99 6.16 6.82 6.46 6.80 7.05 _ -- 7.16 6.42 6.14 -- 6.70 6.03 5.97 __ -- 6.29 5.78 5.83 4.59 -- 6.02 4.96 5.50 5.69 6.00 -- Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.97 7.85 6.85 6.37 5.79 6.58 6.27 5.85 5.65 6.63 6.92 7.22 7.06 6.46 5.90 _ __ 6.33 6.54 6.03 5.32 4.53 _ _ 5.79 5.99 5.84 5.04 4.88 3.96 2.15 5.32 4.00 4.84 4.32 4.60 5.60 5.80 6.36_ -- -- Weighted av. 1 6.95 5.98 6.83 5.52 5.52 4.62 5.90 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 53 5 TABLE 4. NUMBER OF SEED PER BOLL OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1988-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer per, acre, pounds Year Week of bloomAv. all ing 1983 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 34.4 34.4 34.6 33.2 32.4 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 35.2 33.8 34.1 36.5 -- Weighted av. 1 34.3 35.3 35.8 35.4 36.0 34.4 36.5 34.3 34.6 32.8 34.5 34.3 33.9 33.7 32.4 29.4 28.5 28.5 Number seed per boll 34.6 34.4 31.4 34.4 37.0 33.0 33.8 31.6 36.2 35.8 33.0 28.9 38.0 34.8 30.0 28.6 40.7 34.7 31.1 27.9 - 35.2 27.4 36.6 34.6 32.4 29.4 36.5 32.0 36.4 32.2 36.0 34.8 36.9 35.8 36.4 34.4 34.5 36.3 34.1 33.5 31.9 33.3 31.3 32.8 32.5 31.0 32.7 29.8 33.2 31.7 30.5 33.3 34.6 33.6 34.7 33.2 33.7 35.3 35.3 37.6 - of 32.7 34.1 30.3 30.6 32.3 33.6 31.2 30.5 30.5 33.9 34.0 33.3 33.1 33.2 32.1 33.3 33.1 32.8 33.0 33.4 33.2 32.5 33.1 32.3 30.3 29.5 28.0 28.5 31.4 29.9 29.3 30.7 31.0 31.1 31.0 30.9 30.6 33.0 32.5 33.2 34.0 32.8 34.1 33.0 31.0 30.4 30.6 29.1 29.9 34.5 30.3 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 250 Muriate 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 30.4 32.6 33.9 32.3 29.6 30.0 33.0 32.0 33.2 30.5 27.6 29.6 28.9 29.9 -- 35.5 33.0 32.2 31.7 31.3 28.4 32.2 33.8 34.5 34.9 34.1 33.2 33.8 34.2 35.2 35.3 36.0 34.8 33.0 37.0 35.2 28.9 30.5 27.2 29.9 32.9 25.8 24.0 22.3 25.0 25.0 26.3 26.6 26.2 25.0 26.3 26.0 26.1 32.5 28.9 28.8 28.9 31.1 32.3 29.6 27.0 28.0 26.9 25.6 23.9 26.9 26.1 29.0 30.5 31.8 28.7 32.2 32.4 27.7 25.8 26.7 33.0 28.0 30.1 30.5 31.3 33.3 35.4 32.1 34.0 32.5 33.8 36.2 - 28.8 29.3 30.8 30.2 29.5 31.1 30.2 29.3 32.1 32.8 33.6 - Weighted av. 30.1 30.5 33.9 34.4 33.6 34.1 32.6 33.3 32.5 34.4 36.2 35.1 34.9 33.7 29.9 30.1 31.2 31.1 30.9 30.4 24.8 27.8 24.1 25.4 26.9 29.5 25.5 33.3 31.1 31.4 30.4 32.1 32.2 31.1 32.9 27.4 27.2 24.1 31.7 27.0 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 6 33.4 35.3 33.0 35.3 34.7 -- 32.7 27.7 29.5 29.1 27.5 - 34.2 32.3 32.2 30.6 32.4 32.4 33.2 32.9 33.0 31.5 Weighted av. 1 4533.1 34.6 28.8 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 54 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL 54 ALABbAMA EXPERIMENT GRICULTURLEPRMN STATION TTO TABLE 5. NUMBER OF SEED PER BOLL OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-38 AND 1940 FetlzrprWeek Fertilizer pe P~lnrIv uing 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate of bloomNumber Year Av. all 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 of seed per boll32.2 34.0 32.8 33.9 35.4 30.2 37.2 29.1 35.0 28.3 -- years 33.6 33.8 32.5 33.5 32.6 27.8 32.8 32.0 33.6 32.6 33.6 32.5 29.6 33.0 30.0 30.0 28.6 29.7 28.2 21.7 29.4 30.1 31.8 31.3 32.0 31.6 34.6 31.3 32.1 33.6 32.4 33.5 31.7 30.0 33.0 27.4 29.2 28.1 29.3 28.4 22.3 28.8 Weighted av.' 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 r.c? 33.5 33.7 31.6 33.1 32.3 33.5 33.8 34.6 37.9 34.1 32.8 33.6 33.6 35.4 33.5 34.5 35.4 36.5 35.2 34.3 -- 34.0 33.0 26.9 28.4 33.1 27.5 28.0 32.2 33.8 34.5 31.2 33.3 34.4 33.6 36.5 36.7 36.4 38.2 36.2 29.3 33.4 33.0 33.6 31.2 32.4 33.4 34.8 35.6 34.5 34.7 - 31.8 28.7 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 'Muriate 31.8 33.7 35.0 34.6. 34.3 30.6 29.1 29.7 33.6 29.8 '29.4 30.5 31.2 28.1 31.1 30.7 28.4 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 33.8 32.8 31.7 31.3 30.9 32.8 30.7 32.6 31.6 30.7 31.8 31.9 33.6 34.2 33.0 32.1 35.3 33.7 31.3 30.6 31.2 29.6 30.6 30.8 30.4 26.2 28.8 29.5 21.0 31.8 30.0 29.5 31.5 -- 29.3 24.7 28.9 24.5 27.9 23.3 27.4 25.7 24.5 25.0 -- Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 30.5 31.0 32.6 33.9 37.2 -- 27.9 28.5 31.6 33.5 33.5 - 22.3 24.6 28.4 27.5 28.6 22.9 25.8 31.1 32.8 29.3 30.4 30.5 30.5 28.6 36.3 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 32.8 33.2 33.4 34.9 38.1 33.6 28.6 28.6 28.4 34.7 32.3 30.2 31.3 32.7 30.0 30.2 28.2 25.7 25.4 30.3 26.5 30.4 31.5 30.0 35.2 33.6 36.4 34.3 36.7 33.5 35.2 34.9 - Weighted av. None 36.2 31.2 32.8 33.3 34.1 30.8 30.3 31.0 :29.2 27.3 26.4 23.8 16.0 30.1 33.9 32.9 -- 33.2 29.7 24.2 28.2 .26.7 -- 15.0 26.4 21.8 - 24.9 27.6 28.6 Weighted av. 1'Weighted 31.0 ~5L.O 28.7 32.5 ~L.U 29.7 26.8 24.2 on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 55 5 TABLE 6. WEIGHT PER SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS AND GROWN UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-88 AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre, pounds Year Week of Av. all bloom- 1933 1934 1935 1936 ing 1937 1938 1940 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 15.8 15.4 14.5 14.2 14.3 -- Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 250 Muriate 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 15.2 Weight per seed in milligrams 15.1 15.7 16.8 15.3 17.0 14.4 15.9 15.2 17.2 16.3 16.5 13.7 15.7 14.6 14.7 15.4 15.1 14.4 14.4 13.8 13.9 14.1 14.7. 14.6 -14.6 14.1 14.1 13.7 14.1 14.0 13.5 -13.2 15.6 14.9 15.1 15.3 15.9 14.0 15.6 15.7 15.7 14.9 14.2 14.2 13.6 15.1 15.0 15.2 14.5 14.2 13.8 13.5 14.6 14.1 13.7 13.0 12.9 13.0 13.8 13.5 14.6 15.0 13.7 13.6 14.0 13.1 14.4 15.1 14.5 13.7 12.7 13.8 12.4 14.1 14.3 13.9 13.0 12.4 12.2 13.4 13.6 16.4 14.7 15.8 15.7 14.7 15.4 14.2 13.6 15.0 14.4 13.9 15.5 15.2 15.0 14.3 13.6 13.2 14.6 - -14.1 -- 14.5 13.8 13.2 13.0 14.0 14.9 13.5 12.2 --- 16.0 16.2 14.1 13.1 13.5 14.5 14.3 14.1 12.3 12.4 13.7 14.0 13.1 15.5 14.9 13.7 12.7 14.4 15.0 14.2 13.0 12.4 10.3 -- 15.3 15.9 14.7 16.7 13.6 13.1 15.2 15.6 14.7 14.1 12.8 14.0 14.8 14.2 12.9 13.7 10.1 11.6 12.9 13.7 13.7 14.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 14.1 - 13.6 12.5 13.6 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 14.3 16.2 16.0 14.6 13.9 14.8 13.1 13.7 14.3 15.3 15.0 14.0 14.9 13.4 15.5 15.4 13.9 14.3 15.1 -- 13.4-13.4 13.8 16.5 16.2 13.6 12.7 13.0 12.8 12.4 11.9 11.8 12.9 14.1 13.2 13.8 13.0 15.1 12.5 13.9 14.8 13.9 12.1 13.6 12.6 11.9 12.7 13.1 11.9 12.5 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 15.4 16.8 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 3 4 5 6 16.2 14.7 14.4 15.4 14.7 '14.9 15.4 ---- 12.1 14.2 14.2 13.0 13.0 -- 14.8 14.3 15.2 13.8 12.4 16.0 15.9 11.4 13.4 14.9 12.7. 14.6 15.7 16.0 15.2 13.7 14.3 9.1 14.9 15.7 15.6 15.0 12.5 11.7 14.7 14.9 14.5 12.9 14.2 12.9 11.8 -- 13.5 11.6 9.9 11.5 13.6 14.1 13.3 11.4 -- -- Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 6 15.8 15.6 15.0 13.2 13.6 13.8 13.4 14.7 13.7 13.5 13.2 12. 5 --- 13.7 15.2 13.7 12.4 --- 12.8 14.8 13.7 11.2 11.0 11.5 -- 12.9 12.3 14.0 13.1 11.5 - Weighted av. 14.8 13.5 13.6 13.1 13.0 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 56 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 56; ALABAMA AGRICULTR~L EPRMN TTO TABLE 7. WEIGHT PER SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS AND GROWN UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1983-35, 1937-88, AND 1940 Year of FetlzrprWeek Av. all Fertieperndsbloomonsing ace 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 years 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 14.3 12.4' 12.0 11.5 11.6 12.8 13.4 12.3 11.3 9.9 12.5 14.3 13.9 11.9 11.8 11.9 13.5 14.6 13.3 11.1 10.8 10.9 13.0 14.4 13.9 11.4 11.3 11.8 13.4 15.4 14.0 12.7. 12.2 12.0 13.9 Weight per 12.6 14.5 12.0 13.9 12.8 12.2 11.9 11.4 12.0 12.2 13.4 12.7 12.3 11.1 12.7 12.8 13.4 13.2 11.5 13.0 12.9 13.0 12.9 12.7 12.9 12.9 12.3 12.9 12.0 12.5 13.1 12.8 12.9 12.9 12.9 seed in milligrams 13.9 15.3 10.2 12.6 14.3 12.0 11.2 13.2 10.1 10.8 11.8 11.6 10.9 11.Q 11.2 13.7 15.7 13.4 11.8' 13.6 11.6 12.7 11.5 10.7 9.6 10.9 13.8 13.4 12.5 10.6 10.0 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.3 10.4 11.6 12.5 12.4 11.0 10.1 11.5 12.5 11.8 10.6 9.5 11.0 15.3 14.4 13.3 11.6 10.2 10.1 12.4 14.9 13.7 12.6 11.3 11.1 10.6 12.7 14.5 13.9 12.6 11.6 10.2 8.8 12.7 14.3 12.6 12.8 11.6 10.6 12.3 13.4 13.9 12.6 11.7 10.5 6.9 12.7 12.5 10.0 11.1 10.7 11.4 11.8 11.3 11.1 10.8 11.4 11.3 11.8 11.0 11.3 11.0 10.9 11.1 11.4 11.9 13.9 11.5 13.0 12.6 12.3 11.7 12.0 13.3 12.3 13.3 10.6 11.9 11.6 13.4 12.8 11.9 13.5 12.9 11.9 11.5 11.3 14.7 12.6 13.6 12.5 11.7 10.6 11.5 11.0 12.1 13.6 13.1 12.3 11.2 11.3 10.8 12.6 13.3 12.9 11.8 11.5 11.2 11.4 12.5 13.6 12.8 12.0 11.3 11.5 13.3 12.4 13.7 12.8 12.2 11.5 12.0 9.9 12.6 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 14.5 13.9 11.6 10.9 13.0 12.7 14.5 13.6 12.0 10.8 11.9 12.9 14.6 14.1 12.0 12.1 11.8 13.2 14.2 13.2 11.3 11.2 12.6 14.2 13.5 12.2 11.0 13.1 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda Weighted av. None, Weighted av. ' Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 57 5 TABLE 8. WEIGHT OF LINT PER SEED OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-38 AND 1940 Fetlzrpr Fertieperds ace ons Year Week of Av. all blooming 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.5 9.3 8.8 8.2 7.8 -- 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Weight 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.5 __ Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 250 Muriate 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.1 9.3 9.0 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.2 -7.9 8.2 8.0 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.8 8.3 7.9 7.5 7.1 of lint per seed in 8.2 8.3 8.4 7.9 8.4 8.5 7.8 8.1 8.4 7.0 7.6 8.3 6.7 7.5 7.9 _ milligrams 8.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.1 6.9 8.7 7.2 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.1 -- 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.3 6.4 6.4 7.1 8.7 8.5 7.9 __ -- 8.0 8.6 8.3 8.1 7.3 7.1 7.4 8.3 7.6 8.6 8.6 8.0 7.3 8.3 9.6 8.9 8.7 8.5 7.0 8.7 8.7 9.0 8.8 8.2 7.9 - 7.8 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.4 6.2 7.6 7.0 6.6 6.9 8.1 7.1 6.4 6.1 8.6 8.2 8.0 7.6 7.3 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.8 8.8 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.1 6.8 8.3 8.7 8.7 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.7, 8.3 8.6 7.9 7.4 6.9 7.4 6.7 7.7 8.5 8.5 7.9 8.2 7.2 7.0 8.4 8.7 9.7 8.9 8.9 8.3 7.9 -9.1 9.6 9.3 8.5 7.9 7.6' 6.7 -- 7.8 8.3 8.1 7.6 7.9 8.4 7.5_ 7.7 9.1 8.6 8.4 8.4 10.6 8.5 9.9 8.7 8.6 7.8 8.5 7.7 7.2 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.3 6.8 6.1 _- 7.9 8.5 8.2 7.5 7.6 -- 8.3 9.0 8.6 7.7 7.4 7.3 _ 8.0 9.0 8.7 7.9 7.3 7.2 6.9 7.4 6.1 8.2 7.7 7.6 7.8 9.3 Weighted av. 8.8 9.6 9.2 8.2 7.9 7.3 6.9 -8.0 8.4 7.7 6.9 6.7 _ 7.6 8.7 7.9 6.9 7.5 -- 8.1 8.3 7.6 7.4 6.0 _ 7.5 8.2 8.1 7.7 _ 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.1 6.7 5.9 6.4 7.3 8.7 8.7 8.5 7.9 7.2 _ 8.5 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.3 8.2 5.4 7.8 8.3 6.6 5.9 6.5 7.7 7.2 1,000 Superphosphate 1 2 750 Nitrate of Soda 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. None 1 - 8.9 9.7 9.2 8.4 8.3 7.4 7.0 7.0 8.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 6.57.9 7.9 8.6 9.3 9.0 8.7 7.9 7.9 - 6.5 6.4 8.3 7.7 9.4 6.8 - 8.G 9.1 8.6 8.3 -- Weighted av. ' Weighted 9.1 8.0 8.7 8.7 8.1 on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 58 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 58 ALABAA AGRICULTURLEPRMN TTO TABLE 9. WEIGHT OF LINT PER SEED OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Year of FetlzrprWeek Av. all Fertieperndsbloomace onsing 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 years Weight of lint per seed in milligrams 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 7.7 6.4 7.5 7.2 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.4 -- 7.9 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.7 7.8 7.0 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.8 8.0 6.9 6.4 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.9 5.9 6.4 6.8 6.5 5.6 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.4 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 7.0 7.2 6.4 6.8 6.6 -- 6.9 7.9 7.4 6.8 6.2 -- 7.5 7.4 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.9 7.3 7.6 7.1 7.0 6.7 _- 5.5 6.6 7.3 6.7 6.6 6.1 6.7 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.6 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.3 5.8 6.8 8.6 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.9 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.3 7.6 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.8 9.7 8.0 7.6 7.0 6.7 7.2 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 6.7 8.6 7.6 7.2 7.5 7.6 .8 7.4 8.2 7.9 7.5 6.4 78 7.8 6.9 8.7 8.2 7.4 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.4 7.8 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.7 7.3 6.5 7.0 8.9 8.3 8.2 7.5 7.3 8.0 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.3 -- 6.1 8.8 7.2 8.3 7.3 7.7 9.0 6.4 8.4 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.5 6.0 Weighted av.. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 8.1 7.2 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.2 8.1 7.1 7.7 8.0 7.4 7.2 6.3 6.0 5.9 7.0 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.4 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 6.9 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 7.5 7.4 7.0 7.7 7.6 7.1 7.0 7.3 6.6 6.5 7.9 6.9 6.7 7.9 7.5 -- 6.6 6.5 -- 6.2 6.3 -- - 7.0 7.0 -- 6.4 6.0 5.7 6.5 6.3 6.5 - 6.7 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.3 9.7 8.4 7.7 7.0 6.7 __ 7.1 8.8 7.7 7.0 7.3 __ 6.5 8.9 8.1 7.2 6.8 7.1 8.8 8.1 7.3 6.6 6.4 8.5 8.2 8.2 7.3 6.1 6.6 6.5 13.3 7.7 7.9 6.9 7.2 7.7 -7.9 -- Weighted av. 8.5 - -_ 7.9 7.5 7.9 7.4 7.9 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT TABLE 10. 59 PERCENTAGE OF LINT OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1938-88 Year AND 1940 per Fertilizer Week of acre, pounds Av. all bloom- 1933 1934 1935 ing 1936 1937 1938 1940 years Per cent lint 1 2 3 4 5 6 37.3 37.6 37.7 36.6 35.2 37.4 36.2 36.3 35.9 35.8 33.0 34.1 35.8 39.2 38.4 39.7 38.8 35.0 38.8 37.2 36.6 36.9 36.2 34.1 33.7 36.5 36.4 36.3 35.9 35.4 32.2 31.9 35.9 38.3 38.0 38.8 38.0 34.9 34.3 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 35.4 33.5 32.5 34.2 -- 34.2 34.3 34.6 33.7 31.6 S Weighted av. 1 33.6 35.6 33.8 32.5 35.1 34.2 33.9 38.0 36.4 35.0 35.3 -- 34.3 32.1 33.7 34.5 32.5 33.0 33.8 36.8 38.6 39.4 -- 33.0 35.4 32.8 34.3 35.5 35.1 35.3 36.9 34.7 35.9 35.2 . 34.6 35.3 35.0 33.9 36.3 35.6 34.5 34.3 35.1 36.6 36.3 38.3 38.9 37.9 34.9 37.1 35.2 34.9 36.7 36.6 35.8 34.9 35.8 33.7 34.6 36.7 37.5 35.6 34.7 35.2 37.1 35.9 40.7 41.0 36.2 -- 34.3 32.5 33.1 34.6 34.3 35.6 34.3 34.7 33.4 34.8 32.1 33.5 37.2 33.8 37.1 37.1 39.1 41.0 43.0 - 37.8 34.6 34.0 31.7 31.9 33.3 32.9 30.8 34.4 34.8 32.7 31.1 31.0 33.0 42.8 39.0 36.5 34.9 35.0 28.6 36.6 35.3 40.8 37.3 34.7 36.7 40.7 37.2 35.5 34.1 30.0 30.6 35.2 37.5 31.6 34.4 40.5 37.5 41.7 37.1 -- 35.3 34.2 34.6 34.7 33.9 34.7 34.6 34.4 34.5 35.0 34.4 33.7 34.2 34.6 38.5 37.8 38.3 38.3 38.3 31.8 37.9 37.4 36.8 36.6 36.1 35.5 37.1 36.5 36.3 35.4 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 250 Muriate 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 36.7 35.7 36.5 36.9 36.7 36.5 39.0 38.5 40.0 40.6 40.4 39.4 41.8 38.7 38.3 38.8 37.9 38.6 41.2 37.6 37.4 38.7 ._ 37.9 41.0 39.4 39.6 42.0 -- 36.6 37.3 35.0 33.4 35.2 - 38.3 36.8 35.9 35.6 34.1 32.5 35.5 34.9 34.8 36.4 33.6 -- 38.3 38.0 35.5 37.8 36.9 36.3 39.0 36.9 36.3 36.0 36.5 37.7 36.4 36.7 36.6 37.3 36.6 36.0 39.1 40.3 - Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 _ 35.0 36.2 34.1 32.3 34.3 -- 35.0 35.4 34.9 35.2 35.2 37.4 37.8 37.9 39.9 37.1 34.3 38.0 34.2 38.7 37.1 34.3 37.4 .. 37.3 - 35.3 35.0 36.9 38.5 ---- 4 5 6 Weighted av. 38.1 37.0 37.8 40.0 36.9 39.1 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. 60 60 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 11. PERCENTAGE OF LINT OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre, onsing ace 5,000 Manure )0 Superphosphate 1, Year Week of poundsbloom-Aval 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 Ayeall 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 35.0 35.7 .34.0 36.5 38.4 35.4 38.5 35.0 36.8 35.4 34.9 34.1 37.4 40.0 --- Per cent lint 35.2 34.5 33.7 35.3 37.1 32.6 36.9 39.1 33.0 39.3 39.4 34.4 37.0 37.9 34.9 - -- 36.4 30.0 37.1 36.0 33.6 25.0 34.2 50 50 Weighted av.' 36.1 37.1 36.9 35.5 36.0 -- 35.9 33.8 33.7 36.7 37.0 34.6 S 38.1 37.3 38.1 39.5 40.8 -- 33.3 34.3 31.8 32.8 33.1 34.0 33.7 33.0 37.2 33.4 40.0 39.1 40.4 45.9 36.2 36.2 37.4 37.4 36.5 37.7 34.0 37.0 42.6 40.0 38.1 38.0 36.8 35.7 35.1 34.3 3 6.7 37.1 36.0 29.6 35.8 35.6 35.3 36.6 37.2 35.4 33.9 36.0 38.9 36.9 38.3 38.7 39.4 40.8 38.0 37.2 36.6 37.6 37.2 37.0 37.3 37.0 36.1 34.9 35.6 37.1 36.7 33.3 35.6 41.3 38.7 38.5 37.8 36.1 43.6 38.9 ,000 Superphosphate Nitrate of soda Muriate 6 Weighted av. 000 75 Superphosphate 25 0 Muriate 1 2 34.7 37.5 35.2 36.7 39.2 37.1 35.2 37.5 37.7 38.1 39.0 38.2 37.9 36.6 35.4 37.7 38.0 37.5 36.7 34.0 33.0 35.5 36.0 39.1 39.2 38.2 39.8 41.3 42.5 __ 39.9 3 4 5 6 1 37.6 39.0 39.1 36.6 35.7 36.0 35.5 37.4 37.1 Weighted av. 19{ 0 Nitrate of soda 0 Muriate 75 av. - 37.5 35.7 34.7 36.5 35.2 36.1 40.0 38.3 40.0 38.7 37.2 35.6 35.6 34.5 2 3 4 5 35.1 36.9 37.5 38.7 36.7 36.8 36.7 35.3 36.7 38.3 38.9 40.5 41.3 _ 6Weighted 39.8 --- 35.5 33.9 34.7 33.4 34.1 35.1 34.3 36.6 38.5 34.6 35.0 35.1 36.1 33.3 35.1 50.0 41.9 40.1 37.1 35.7 37.9 000 Superphosphate 0O Nitrate of soda 1 2 3 4 5 av. 6Weighted 39.0 35.8 33.8 37.1 41.2 35.3 36.4 36.4 33.8 35.0 _- 36.2 37.9 36.7 38.8 41.0 _ __ 34.1 34138.3 41.3 40.5 40.8 40.8 _ one N4 Weighted av. 1 2 3 4 5 6 38.7 37.4 37.8 36.6 35.8 37.8 40.2 37.6 35.2 36.0 37.9 38.6 37.4 37.3 38.0 37.8 -- 40.7 -- 38.9 37.3 40.0 38.5 36.9 49.3 40.2 39.1 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT TABLE 12. 61 PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND GROWN UNDER A CONDITION OF FERTILIZER ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1938-88, AND 1940 Week of bloomrepounds1933 ing 1 2 3 4 5 6 25.8 26.7 26.7 26.4 26.7 .. 26.4 23.2 24.0 24.2 24.3 24.1 24.0 23.9 26.4 26.0 26.1 25.8 26.2 26.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 22.9 23.1 23.3 23.3 23.0 23.9 23.1 22.8 23.5 23.8 23.6 23.1 23.9 23.4 25.0 24.6 24.5 25.0 26.0 Year 1934 1935 24.3 25.3 25.4 23.8 -- Fertilizer per 1936 25.5 25.3 25.0 24.3 24.1 .24.1 24.8 24.2 24.6 23.9 24.1 23.5 24.4 24.1 27.1 27.5 25.8 26.4 24.8 26.8 24.1 24.0 23.0 23.8 23.6 23.8 23.7 22.5 20.8 19.4 19.5 19.1 22.3 20.6 25.6 23.6 21.5 22.3 23.0 1937 1938 25.1 26.4 25.9 26.2 26.4 26.1 24.0 24.9 25.0 25.1 24.3 24.9 27.1 25.1 25.0 23.0 24.7 24.8 21.9 23.4 22.7 23.4 22.8 _23.0 23.0 22.2 21.4 19.8 - 1940 26.4 26.2 25.7 26.0 25.3 25.1 25.8 26.7 25.9 25.4 26.3 25.3 25.5 25.9 28.2 28.4 27.4 26.8 27.9 _ 23.6 24.7 23.0 23.9 23.8 25.4 24.7 23.6 24.1 24.7 21.7 24.0 25.3 25.6 25.7 25.6 25.6 Av. all years 24.9 25.3 25.0 24.9 25.3 23.3 25.0 24.3 24.4 24.6 24.8 24.1 24.4 24.5 26.0 25.8 25.3 24.7 25.5 25.5 21.9 22.6 22.6 22.4 22.6 23.9 22.4 22.2 21.7 21.4 21.3 21.8 22.6 21.6 24.1 23.5 23.0 23.2 24.5 Per cent oil in seed 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 23.9 24.1 23.9 24.6 25.7 24.1 22.9 23.0 23.5 23.4 24.2 23.3 24.7 24.0 24.3 24.4 -- Weighted av. 1 . 25.0 25.2 25.5 26.5 26.3 22.9 25.7 25.8 26.2 25.6 2346 25.0 25.9 20.6 21.1 21.5 22.2 21.2 22.0 21.2 21.1 21.2 22.2 21.4 23.2 23.3 23.6 22.2 -- 23.6 23.3 22.6 23.0 23.8 20.7 23.1 24.1 22.8 23.4 23.9 24.2 23.7 23.5 25.1 23.6 22.1 22.4 23.0 20.6 21.4 21.4 19.6 19.4 20.6 20.3 19.8 20.1 20.2 19.8 - 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 250 Muriate 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 24.3 21.4 21.7 21.5 21.6 22.6 .-21.6 19.6 19.9 20.2 20.9 21.7 -. Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 20.1 23.2 23.3 23.6 23.9 -- 21.4 23.0 24.0 22.9 21.5 -- 20.0 23.1 20.3 19.4 21.6 -. Weighted av. 24.8 23.2 23.4 23.6 22.9 20.7 23.5 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. 62 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 62 ALABAMA AGRICULTURLEPRMN TTO TABLE 13. PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS AND GROWN UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre, pounds Week of bloom- 1933 ing 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 19.0 17.9 20.1 21.5 22.3 22.8 19.0 19.9 19.2 20.1 21.7 19.5 22.9 22.6 23.0 23.9 25.2 22.9 18.6 18.6 18.8 20.5 22.6 18.7 18.0 17.8 18.6 19.2 18.1 21.7 21.5 21.7 21.6 22.1 21.6 Year 1934 1935 19~7 1938 1940 19.7 21.6 23.9 24.6 21.5 20.5 21.1 22.8 23.6 21.3 21.7 22.5 22.7 23.5 26.6 22.4 19.5 20.5 22.3 22.4 23.3 20.8 19.3 20.6 22.7 23.1 20.5 22.0 21.2 23.3 23.8 22.0 Per cent oil 21.1 18.7 21.4 18.8 22.1 20.9 24.1 21.3 24.6 21.7 19.8 20.3 21.2 22.0 24.0 20.9 23.8 24.3 24.4 24.7 24.7 24.3 20.9 20.4 21.4 22.8 23.6 21.2 19.9 19.0 19.7 21.4 21.4 19.6 22.6 22.4 22.8 23.1 22.6 20.0 19.9 18.9 21.2 21.4 20.4 25.3 25.3 25.9 25.4 25.5 25.6 18.9 20.3 21.6 22.0 20.9 20.3 18.6 21.4 21.6 20.3 23.4 20.6 20.7 20.3 20.8 in seed 20.9 19.6 20.3 20.9 21.6 20.3 18.9 18.0 17.9 19.8 18.2 19.3 18.6 24.0 23.3 21.5 21.6 21.4 22.4 19.5 18.8 19.2 18.1 20.5 19.0 16.9 16.9 172 18.2 18.3 17.4 22.7 21.2 21.1 21.1 19.0 21.2 22.3 23.4 23.4 24.2 24.0 25.3 23.7 23.5 23.1 23.6 24.4 24.5 24.6 23.9 27.3 26.5 25.4 25.6 25.9 25.8 23.0 21.9 24.2 23.8 26.9 23.3 22.7 22.8 23.8 23.8 26.3 23.4 26.0 24.4 25.3 25.6 25.1 Av. all years 20.3 20.5 21.8 22.8 23.1 24.1 21.0 20.4 20.1 21.1 22.2 22.2 22.0 20.8 24.2 24.1 23.8 24.1 24.9 23.9 19.5 20.3 20.9 21.7 22.8 26.9 20.7 18.9 19.3 20.4 21.2 21.2 26.3 20.0 22.5 22.2 22.3 22.5 22.2 22.2 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Weighted av.1 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda Weighted av. None Weighted av. 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 63 TABLE 14. PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN' IN SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS AND GROWN UNDER A CONDITION OF VARYING SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1936-38 AND 1940 Deficient soil moisture Adequate soil moisture Week of Year Year bloomAv. all Av. all ing 1936 1937 1938 1940 years 1937 1938 1940 years ._... . .. J ..... , ... , er Spounds pounds 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Weighted av.2 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 Per cent of protein in seed 28.2 32.0 30.2 29.6 30.0 32.1 32.6 33.8 30.7 30.7 30.5 29.8 30.4 32.9 31.3 32.0 31.7 30.2 30.6 30.0 30.6 33.9 32.9 32.0 30.8 30.2 30.3 30.7 30.5 33.5 32.0 34.1 29.9 30.4 30.2 31.2 30.4 __ 33.0 32.1 31.928.2 30.7 30.2 33.4 30.9 30.4 30.3 30.5 30.5 33.4 32.1 33.0 - -- 32.8 32.1 32.9 33.2 32.6 33.4 32.8 32.4 31.7 32.9 32.6 32.5 33.7 32.6 28.5 28.7 28.1 28.2 28.0 28.3 32.1 32.2 32.9 32.9 33.3 34.2 32.8 31.9 31.5 32.8 33.2 34.0 34.5 32.6 29.2 30.0 29.9 30.2 29.5 29.9 29.2 30.7 30.0 30.4 30.2 29.3 31.1 28.8 30.6 28.7 30.6__ 30.3 29.3 25.5 25.9 28.7 30.6 31.0 26.7 27.0 27.2 29.4 27.0 33.6 33.4 32.1 31.1 30.0 30.0 32.0 27.4 26.8 25.8 26.8 __ 31.2 31.8 31.9 31.8 31.3 33.2 31.8 _ 29.0 28.6 28.4 29.9 31.3 31.4 30.9 30.7 30.1 31.3 30.9 26.5 27.2 27.6 28.8 29.3 27.5 32.2 32.2 32.1 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.9 31.5 31.4 31.5 30.5 31.3 27.4 28.1 28.6 28.6 28.3 32.2 31.7 34.6 32.7 32.6 30.6 31.4 31.8 31.9 32.7 33.2 31.6 27.4 28.8 28.4 27.6 27.0 32.3 32.7 32.6 33.3 33.1 34.6 33.0 29.6 28.1 27.3 28.1 28.6 28.0 30.9 32.0 32.9 33.9 34.2 32.5 28.5 29.3 28.5 28.8 28.5 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 27.3 27.4 32.5 31.6 31.6 32.1 31.8 31.6 31.8 31.4 30.0 30.7 31.8 31.5 30.9 30.7 27.7 28.0 29.9 29.9 31.2 28.7 32.3 32.6 32.1 31.2 33.0 __ 26.9 28.7 33.1 31.0 31.8 32.8 31.8 32.5 30.7 32.3 29.9 _ 31.1 31.4 31.0 30.4 30.0 28.1 32.2 32.6 31.3 32.2 32.1 31.7 28.8 28.0 31.4 33.5 34.2 33.5 32.7 32.1 32.5 32.2 32.7 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda Weighted av. None --- 32.1 32.3 33.4 32.3 .31.9 __ __ 33.5 32.3 32.4 32.3 34.1 34.1 _ -- 32.6 30.4 31.8 27.3 28.6 29.7 30.4 29.4 33.2 31.3 30.7 31.6 31.1 33.3 31.8 33.7 34.0 34.5 31.2 33.5 -- Weighted av. 27.8 26.8 27.8 28.0 28.0 26.7 26.6 27.6 .27. 27.4 .6 4 28.5 30.0 29.3 30.3 29.6 30.7 29.5 29.7 27.5 29.4 29.9 30.4 29.4 31.5 31.5 30.4 1 The percentage of protein is on the basis of oil-free seed. 2 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. 64 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 64 ALABAMIIA AGRICULTUA XEIMN TTO TABLE 15. PERCENTAGE OF FUZZ ON SEED OF COTTON RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS AND GROWN UNDER A CONDITION OF VARYING SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1936-38 AND 1940 Week Adequate soil moisture Deficient soil moisture Fertilizer per acre, pounds 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate of Year Year bloom-A.al ing1936 1937 1938 1940 years 1937 1938 1940 Aveall 13.8 16.6 13.0 8.4 11.9 12.0 12.7 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 12.8 16.7 15.3 10.8 13.3 15.7 14.4 15.1 16.9 15.5 10.8 16.5 17.0 15.4 11.3 14.2 13.5 13.1 11.9 19.1 20.2 19.5 17.2 18.2 24.5 13.4 18.8 9.7 12.2 12.7 11.7 11.3 18.5 20.1 21.8 20.6 18.0 25.0 12.1 20.2 16.9 19.4 18.6 15.5 19.2 17.6 18.3 19.6 16.5 17.9 Per cent fuzz on seed 14.6 14.7 16.2 17.6 14.9 16.5 19.6 19.2 14.9 15.2 16.0 20.8 18.7 14.4 13.6 16.4 18.4 15.1 14.7 15.5 19.4 17.0 17.8 18.6 16.8 15.4 13.2 13.2 15.8 18.0 17.1 14.1 16.7 13.6 15.6 16.4 15.3 14.9 18.3 15.9 15.7 16.9 16.7 15.1 17.6 16.5 16.8 14.5 15.9 15.9 15.1 18.1 24.2 16.1 11.2 13.5 12.0 10.7 12.1 13.0 12.3 14.4 16.7 17.1 15.8 17.5 16.4 15.6 16.3 12.3 10.2 19.1 19.6 20.2 17.4 16.4 15.5 15.4 16.9 16.3 16.8 16.0 16.7 18.1 17.4 15.6 15.5 18.1 17.2 16.8 17.1 15.9 14.2 16.3 14.1 15.7 17.5 18.6 18.3 17.0 17.4 18.1 18.1 13.8 15.8 14.9 14.4 16.0 16.5 15.2 16.7 17.1 15.5 15.3 15.9 15.5 16.0 13.8 16.6 16.6 16.2 17.5 18.3 16.5 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 15.7 15.5 15.1 14.9 17.0 15.6 -14.7 13.5 13.5 18.4 15.1 17.5 20.3 17.6 14.9 13.6 16.1 15.4 16.8 18.7 18.3 18.8 17.3 17.2 19.5 17.5 19.0 20.2 20.4 17.5 20.4 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 13.3 13.0 13.1 17.5 16.8 16.0 18.3 18.3 15.0 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda Weighted av. None 12.7 6.9 21.0 17.4 17.1 10.7 20.8 15.0 13.2 11.4 23.2 15.7 9.5 8.5 22.6 19.7 14.8 9.3 30.0 18.2 41.2 16.2 15.2 14.0 10.2 23.1 17.1 11.9 16.0 12.7 6.3 8.9 12.3 13.0 12.9 16.8 16.1 10.3 13.8 7.2 12.0 13.6 9.9 15.2 12.8 6.6 16.2 12.5 7.1 12.4 16.8 12.1 15.3 14.4 12.3 7.5 14.1 14.5 12.3 16.6 16.7 16.0 15.4 18.3 22.0 18.8 21.4 16.8 15.0 13.5 18.0 17.4 9.4 13.3 10.3 8.3 -- 17.6 111.1 12.0 20.9 11117.0 17.4 14.4 17.0 17.6 17.3 17.0 15.0 16.4 17.0 17.9 19.2 15.6 15.1 16.7 15.5 16.3 15.5 13.5 18.3 16.1 13.6 15.5 12.0 12.7 -- 17.3 20.1 19.3 16.5 14.2 18.0 17.5 15.9 Weighted av. 1 -- 14.7 16.4 19.1 15.2 12.3 17.4 16.9 14.1 17.3 18.5 17.1 15.7 14.9 14.3 15.5 18.6 17.6 18.1 16.7 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 65 6 TABLE 16. LENGTH OF LINT AT UPPER 25 % POINT OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre, pounds Week of blooming 1 2 3 4.. 5 6 Year 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 .89 .90 .90 .96 .95 .88 .97 .97 .93 -- Av. all 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Length lint in inches .98 1.05 .93 1.04 .99 1.00 1.05 .98 1.04 .89 .99 .97 1.00 1.04 .90 .98 .98 1.02 1.00 .96 1.03 .99 1.02 .99 of years .97 .98 .97 .98 .99 .96 .97 .96 .96 .95 .96 .98 .95 .97 .96 .93 .92 .92 .96 .94 .94 .95 .96 .95 .93 .97 .95 .96 .97 .97 .96 .94 1.00 .94 .97 1.00 .98 .97 .98 .96 1.02 .98 .99 .97 Weighted av. 1 .0 .95 .97 .91 .86 .86 .99 .95 .92 .95 .94 .91 .90 .95 9 _.90.95 .95 .9 1.00 .99 1.01 .97 .93 1.01 .99 .98 1.07 1.00 .93 .95 1.05 1.00 .91 1.00 1.02 1.00 .99 1.01 .99 .94 .95 1.00 .93 _- 1.02 .94 .98 .97 .92 .94 .93 .96 1.06 .93 .95 .91 .95 -_ .93 1.01 .89 .88 1.10 1.01 .93 1.01 .83 .83 .88 .92 .91 .91 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 .87 .91 .96 .99 .96 .93 .86 .92 .88 .86 1.03 1.00 .96 .95 .98 .98 -- Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate . .99 .95 1.01 .94 .96 1.01 _- .96 .96 .92 .97 .96 .93 .97 .95 .94 1.02 .94 .92 .95 .96 , 86 .88 .92 .84 .94 .95 .92 1.00 .92 1 2 3 4 5 6 .92 .90 .85 .86 .92 .93 .89 .91 .99 1.02 .95 --- 1.03 1.09 1.02 .94 1.01 1.02 1.03 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 1 2 750 Nitrate of Soda 3 4 5 .98 .97 .95.97 .96 1.01 .96 .99 .97 .93 .91 .94 .95-- .91 .96 .98 .93 - 1.00 1.00 .91 .82 - 1.08 1.02 .97 .94 1.04 .94 .97 1.00 .92 6 .93 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 Weighted .94 .98 .93 .93 .93 .97 1.02 -- 1.01 -__ .95 .93 .95 1.05 1.01 .95 .92 .99 .98 .96 ;- .95 .99 .99 .95 -- 1.01 1.07 1.07 .91 1.04 .99 -- .86 .97 .97 1.00 1.03 .99 .97 __ -- .97 1.03 .99 1.03 .99 .88 -- .99 .98 .87 .99 .97 .98 av. 6 -- - .95 .97 .98 1.03 1.00 1.00 .95 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 66 66 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 17. LENGTH OF LINT AT UPPER 25 % POINT OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-85, 1937-88, AND 1940 FetlzrprWeek Fertieperndsbloomace onsing 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 of Year 1938 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 Length Av. all years .99 .95 .90 .86 .87 .87 .92 .94 .92 .87 .83 of lint in inches .96 .94 .86 .93 .94 .90 1.01 .99 .79 .77 .83 .87 .81 .87 .81 .83 1.00 .95 .94 .86 .81 .95 1.13 1.08 1.02 .91 .90 .88 1.03 .94 .93 .91 .87 .85 .85 .89 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate .89 .88 .76 .69 .85 .84 .85 .84 .97 .96 .91 .81 .91 .95 .96 .89 .85 1.08 1.00 .93 .92 .82 .90 .89 .88 .86 .84 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate .87.85 . .. .92 .94 .81 .78 .81 .90 .92 .90 .90 .93 .87 .92 .1 .89 .87 .82 .80 .79 .84 .84 .82 8 .86 .87 .89 .92 .92 .90 .88 .89 .95 .91 .92 .90 .85 .86 .81 .87 .90 .91 .90 .9 .98 .95 .92 .90 .94 .310 1.03 1.03 1.03 .98 .95 1.01 .98 .96 .87 .89 .78 .77 .90 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate .92 .96 .82 .76 .76---- .91 .86 .87 .88 .87 - .94 .94 .92 .91 -- .86 .80 .78 .85 .90 .93 .82 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda .91 -1.03 .92 .86 .81 - - .93 .85 .89 .96 .93 .87 .84 .81 .93 .90 .94 .93 .93 .92 .86 .94 .93 .92 .89 .84 .74 .78 .91 .87 .87 .89 .88 .88 .92 .95 .98 - .97 1.01 .89 .89 - 1.00 .99 .84 .84 .79 .92 .88 .91 .88 .87 Weighted av. None .88 .94 .93 .94 .86 .82 .91 .93 .97 .90 .92 .94 .96 .98 .95 .93 __ .90 .94 .93 .93 .91 .86. .89 1.00 .85 .88 .92 .89 -- -- Weighted av. 1 .9- 91 .4-9 .92 .91 .94 .96 .83 .92 1.04 .90 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on- COTTON SEED and LINT 67 6 TABLE 18. MEAN LENGTH OF FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1983-38 AND 1940 Fetlzrpr acre, pounds Year Week of bom 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 ing 1940 Length of Av. all years .70 .70 .70 .71 .72 .68 .70 .69 .69 .68 .70 .70 .64 .70 .70 .67 .66 .65 .70 .66 .67 .68 .70 .69 .67 .70 .69 .69 .71 .71 .70 .67 .72 .67 .71 .72 .71 .70 .71 .68 .75 .71 lint in inches 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1 2 3 4 5 .63 .65 .65 .71 .70 6-- .63 .70 .69 .65 .68 .64 .67 .70 .71 .68 .68 .62 .67 .61 .59 --- .71 .72 .71 .72 .75 .75 .76 .68 .68 .72 .74 .78 .77 .79 .69 .60 .62 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 .65 .71 .65 .63 .63 .74 .50-.70 .72 .73 .72 .69 .70 .73 .70 .71 .71 .67 .71 .71 .72 .69 .67 .72 .70 .78 .73 .65 .67 .75 .67 - .75 .73 .73 .64 .74 .74 .73 .60 .72 .73 .67 .71 .74 .68 -- .74 .73 .68 .76 .65 .70 .69 .65 .67 .66 .68 .77 .67 .67 .62 .70 .67 .75 .68 .66 .68 .68 .63 .68 .68 .70 .73 .69 .71 .59 .70 .73 .70 .73 .67 .67 .68 .64 .75 .60 .62 .84 .74 .68 .74 .58 .58 .64 .66 .66 .65 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 .66 .70 .67 .66 .64 .69 6 - Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 .68 .65 .63 .61 .62 .66 .66 .63 .64 .62 .75 .76 .70 - .71 .68 .74 .68 .69 .74 .70 .74 .73 .65 .58 - .70 .64 .72 .70 .69 .72 - .63 .65 .59 .67 .67 .64 .73 .65 .68 .68 .69 .79 .74 .68 .73 .71 .61 .72 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda .72 .75 .80 .74 .66 .73 .74 .74 .79 .73 .68 .64 .74 .74 .72 .78 .77 .70 .71 .72 .76 .66 .72 .74 .77 .73 Weighted av. None .70 .68 .67 .72 .65 .72 .68 .67 .69-.67 .68 .71 .71 .69 .72 .72 4 5 6 .67 .67 .67 .69 .75 - .67 .72 .74 .70 -- _ -- .70 .65 .77 .72 -- .72 --- .72 .62 .71 .70 .70 .68 Weighted av. .69 .71 .71 .75 .74 1'Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 68 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 68 ALABAMA AGRICULTURLEPRMN TTO TABLE 19. MEAN LENGTH OF FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1938-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre,pounds 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Ya Week of bloomAv. all ing 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6- .74 .71 .56 .55 .59 -. Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate .68 .64 .62 .53 .53 -- Length of lint in inches .61 .72 .69 .88 .60 .65 .56 .67 .68 .81 .64 .67 .61 .76 .62 .57 .62 .67 .65 .61 .58 .69 .66 .58 65 .59 .65 .77 .62 .58 .68 .61 .60 .61 .61 .69 .68 .65 .59 .66 _ .71 .68 .64 .61 .62 .62 .66 .67 .71 .63 .62 -.60 .62 .64 .64 .64 ~ .81 .73 .67 .67 .58 .62 .59 .59 .59 .59 .58 .60 .67 .66 .61 .60 .61 .61 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 - .62 .67 .67 .56 .54 .58 - .66 .63 .63 .65 .62 .68 .64 .66 .70 .69 .67 .64 .66 .67 .69 .70 .68 .65 .68 .67 .74 .77 .74 .73 .70 .73 .74 .73 .68 .59 .61 .56 .52 .63 .72 .70 .58 .57 .56 .63 .68 .67 .66 .66 .59 .60 .59 .56 .54 .53 .57 .57 .60 .56 .59 .54 .53 .59 .64 .67 .57 .64 .63 .65 .63 .63 .67 .64 .72 .60 .61 .64 .63 .77 .63 .65 .66 .63 .62 .64 .67 .64 .67 .64 .60 .61 .59 .60 .63 .67 .66 .62 .60 .57 .67 .64 .68 .68 .66 .66 .57 .69 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate .64 .63 .65 .67 .62 .68 .57 .64 .66 .54 .57--- - Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda .65 .57 .63 .60 .51 .53.60 .69 .66 .68 .60 .50 - .63_ .66 .63 .64 .66 - .74 .64 .61 .58 .64 .66 .71 .65 .66 - .71 .74 .65 .65 .69 .70 .74 .69 .68 .71 Weighted av. None .64 .64 .67 .69 .73 .67 Weighted av. .66 .68 .66 .63 .67 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT TABLE 69 GROWN AND WITH 20. BREAKING STRENGTH OF FIBERS OF COTTON DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1938-38 1940 Av. all Fertilizer per acre, pounds Week of blooming 1933 1934 Year 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 years Breaking strength, 1,000 pounds per sq. in. 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 61 64 63 66 61 63 57 61 60 60 61 45 60 65 68 63 64 67 66 55 59 59 61 60 57 58 59 67 64 69 66 57 52 54 54 -54 62 61 54 56 56 59 63 58 59 65 60 64 63 58 60 -- 53 54 52 57 56 53 54 57 54 57 59 55 __ -- Weighted av. 1 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 58 56 51 52 54 59 54 52 54 53 56 58 66 55 64 65 61 60 65 59 9 63 59 57 58 55 64 67 59 68 68 72 69 72 44 51 54 51 48 _ 52 45 47 51 50 47 50 48 47 48 53 49 48 54 52 52 54 55 53 55 56 59 59 __ 46 46 49 50 55 50 50 48 45 52 46 49 49 48 48 47 49 52 50 49 49 45 52 56 54 54 51 50 49 55 56 56 61 61 62 57 60 60 60 58 60 60 60 62 57 60 57 58 61 62 60 62 61 65 59 52 50 60 58 54 60 61 62 53 53 54 55 55 55 56 56 55 54 55 55 55 56 54 55 58 57 57 59 58 61 58 57 57 56 57 60 59 57 60 61 63 62 61 Weight av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate --- Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 56 61 63 62 64 61 61 64 69 67 65 61 65 65 _ .. -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 62 66 65 61 64 -- - Weighted av. None 66 65 62 64 60 56 65 60 -- 5-75 69 67 67 68 67 66 64 65 64 60 65 - 56 58 52 53 55 - 65 53 51 49 57 52 58 56 57 54 42 51 53 57 65 61 60 58 59 58 62 60 -- Weighted av. 62 64 64 67 53 52 49 59 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. 70 TABLE 21. BREAKING ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STRENGTH OF FIBERS OF STATION WITH COTTON GROWN DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1988-35, 1987-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre, pounds Week of blooming 1933 Year 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 Av. all years Breaking strength, 1,000 pounds per sq. in. 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 57 67 68 66 70 64 63 70 69 69 68 65 69 68 69 72 68 70 70 72 71 75 59 61 54 60 60 65 67 67 70 67 63 66 64 62 64 66 64 59 67 59 64 65 65 59 63 59 69 73 74 64 70 61 63 63 66 60 63 _ S S 59 61 65 68 61 63 58 60 63 66 62 53 47 54 59 58 54 54 57 60 57 -S Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 56 54 59 59 61 48 57 48 51 55 61 62 65 57 49 48 49 54 59 61 51 48 49 53 54 54 53 69 69 67 67 71 75 68 67 67 71 71 71 73 71 67 66 67 64 68 66 66 62 68 72 68 68 63 60 63 63 64 64 62 63 60 64 66 69 66 69 66 60 60 61 62 63 64 61 60 62 63 63 66 58 63 63 65 66 65 66 65 61 63 63 63 71 61 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate -- Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate -64 73 69 70 66 -_ 70 6 67 69 66 69 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 62 66 70 68 63 66 60 64 61 67 63 62 S 58 54 58 58 55 57 57 58 55 59 52 55 53 56 62 64 57 44 44 58 57 56 51 69 63 72 68 68 72 78 69 70 67 63 55 70 71 61 69 69 71 69 70 60 60 64 73 72 66 Weighted av. None - Weighted av. 68 57 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 71 7 TABLE 22. MEAN WEIGHT PER INCH OF FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-38 AND 1940 Week of Fetlzrpr Year 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 pounds bomA.acre, ing years 61 61 60 59 56 60 60 62 63 61 57 58 61 60 65 64 63 63 62 64 65 65 64 62 62 63 63 63 61 62 59 56 60 63 60 65 63 61 61 62 52 63 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 63 65 64 62 57 Weight per inch -57 54 65 55 57 57 59 55 59 55 51 56 -48 53 __ 1O- milligratms 62 65 60 65 60 69 58 58 68 60 61 65 58 61 60 61 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 64 63 66 62 62 58 59 60 59 55 52 52 53 47 44 52 57 59 59 54 55 52 57 -- 58 62 60 69 68 62 68 68 69 66 58 70 73 58 62 60 65 61 60 54 59 61 70 66 60 55 60 59 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 64 60 60 65 60 63 56 58 -- -- 67 64 63 70 68 63 60 54 -64 68 54 58 59 59 63 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 61 62 65 62 66 64 S 71 66 58 60 67 6 68 62 71 68 67 6 70 69 74 60 64 57 71 62 60 56 57 --59 62 5858 56 53 58 56 55 57 64 55 56 54 57 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 59 64 62 62 60 60 61 -- 56 57 58 54 47 72 73 70 68 66 -70 68 66 65 67 68 63 62 66 71 69 67 69 70 70 64 65 69 67 65 69 53 68 63 59 62 60 55 54 59 58, 56 59 56 56 Weighted av. None 61 61 -- --65 56 47 61 __ 60 63 56 62 60 73 73 68 65 62 _ 52 60 57 59 48 56 56 64 68 68 67 70 65 65 67 68 62 62 69 64 63 61 60 59 63 59 54 58 Weighted av. 63 52 59i 57 .57 68 65 69 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 72 72 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 23. MEAN WEIGHT PER INCH OF FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Fertilizer per acre, pounds Year Week of bloom-Av. ing 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 Weight per inch -1.0-1 58 53 59 68 57 57 67 57 56 66 59 58 60 -55 53 50 52 61 65 all years 56 59 60 63 59 66 59 59 59 60 63 65 65 60 66 63 65 64 64 61 64 62 63 62 64 64 63 62 57 59 60 63 62 64 59 64 63 61 62 71 70 62 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2. 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 54 54 56 58 68 56 _ 65 56 52 53 57 62 68 57 - milligrams 58 60 52 69 50 68 57 71 54 71 57 74 53 59 53 54 55 59 69 69 70 69 67 67 65 68 66 66 53 52 57 60 56 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 67 64 67 63 56 63 62 61 65 62 62 62 56 72 64 57 58 64 61 67 68 69 68 75 73 67 61 58 52 61 64 65 58 -65 67 64 70 64 63 66 66 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 56 54 50 56 66 66 62 57 72 71 60 64 60 60 -62 --- 64 65 64 --65 63 60 59 64 75 70 70 63 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 53 53 55 57 66 59 67 59 61 65 57 53 61 67 - 70 60 69 62 66 61 64 56 59 65 51 -58 46 56 61 65 -- 61 59 64 66 __ - Weighted av. None 55 60 62 56 60 69 57 60 58 64 64 -- 62 64 62 62 62 -- 59 64 65 57 62 64 64 71 73 65 64 79 64 56 62 58 -60 Weighted av. . 1 Weighted A 60h 61 62 73 62 67 67 on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 73 7 TABLE 24. PERCENTAGE OF IMMATURE FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF ADEQUATE SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1933-38 AND 1940 Fertilizer per ace ons WekoYeraepud bloomAv. all ing 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1940 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 52 48 50 52 57 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 50 51 55 56 -- Per cent immature fibers 29 19 25 21 29 19 26 29 24 18 30 25 26 18 29 21 26 20 36 22 22 _ 24 Weighted av.' 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 53 52 53 56 58 58 27 52 51 52 52 48 Si 22 26 28 28 31 27 19 20 18 19 23 20 17 29 27 26 27 30 38 -29 28 29 25 30 34 -- 24 19 20 21 27 28 27 38 39 38 39 40 39 39 35 39 38 38 38 39 38 39 38 39 37 38 37 38 30 32 29 30 31 29 30 35 34 31 28 28 32 30 28 28 29 27 31 28 33 34 34 34 34 28 34 33 33 34 36 37 35 34 36 39 37 38 35 28 37 34 34 34 35 33 34 34 31 33 35 36 34 36 34 30 32 33 37 37 59 32 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 53 52 55 51 52 53 50 - 20 20 23 21 20 20 18 23 32 35 31 30 35 _ 5 46 51 55 61 -- -- --- Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of Soda 250 Muriate 56 56 57 59 61 21 50 49 51 52 -50 28 26 28 26 23 27 26 -- 33 34 30 35 36 33 26 Weighted av. 57 56 51 53 55 55 62 23 24 23 27 24 24 23 25 22 21 -- 18 17 20 19 20 -- 19 19 17 22 30 35 24 33 23 22 26 30 30 1,000 Superphosphate 1 750 Nitrate of Soda 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. None 1 2 3 4 5 6 53 54 42 51 52 46 -49 23 26 28 34 --- 21 35 23 20 23 20 -- 25 13 18 17 __ 21 20 29 22 25 25 28 -- 26 24 31 32 38 37 58 58 58 60 61 Weighted av. 59 ' Weighted 58 46 44 48 49 -45 21 17 26 32 on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 74 74 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 25. PERCENTAGE OF IMMATURE FIBERS OF COTTON GROWN WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER TREATMENTS UNDER A CONDITION OF DEFICIENT SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1983-35, 1937-38, AND 1940 Year of FetlzrprWeek Av. all Fertieperndsbloomonsing ace 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1940 years 25,000 Manure 500 Superphosphate 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 .4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 53 53 55 47 48 Weighted av. 1 53 54 57 58 55 56 53 53 49 48 40 Per cent immature fibers 47 57 28 20 43 47 36 27 41 54 45 33 32 42 53 50 45 31 41 36 -50 42 30 31 S 29 39 46 34 29 41 54 53 54 52 52 53 .50 52 52 51 -Si 54 5 49 46 -53 41 43 43 42 40 34 43 42 43 42 41 35 33 42 37 38 38 37 30 33 37 44 43 42 40 42 42 43 40 42 40 38 41 34 40 35 38 37 39 41 25 38 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 37 38 32 33 29 35 30 30 29 30 25 29 41 31 29 28 -- 28 39 41 36 36 40 39 40 40 41 39 41 40 41 3639 40 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 36 33 38 36 35 34 34 35 19 31 30 32 32 22 31 30 25 27 24 29 21 26 34 29 29 29 -- Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 250 Muriate 25 30 37 23 27 32 30 26 25 Weighted av. 750 Nitrate of soda 250 Muriate 52 56 57 59 51 51 28 36 37 38 38 38 48 Weighted av. 1,000 Superphosphate 750 Nitrate of soda 57i 56 60 57 55 58 29 28 28 27 25 27 27 29 28 25 28 - 38 33 39 44 36 31 53 50 46 55 -- 35 34 29 24 -- Weighted av. None 58 '3 S6 57 59 60 Si 51 30 26 30 28 36 -- 38 31 32 29 34 32 52 49 50 -51S Weighted av. 56i __ 27 30 32 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL TABLE EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 75 26. WEIGHT OF SEED COTTON PER BOLL OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1987-88 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. Weight of seed cotton per boll in grams 6.30 7.58 6.94 6.46 7.03 6.75 7.87 7.05 7.46 6.24 6.23 6.24 7.94 9.10 8.52 6.21 5.86 6.04 7.18 7.00 7.09 5.63 5.29 5.46 6.43 6.27 6.35 -4.33 -6.08 4.72 7.55 6.83 7.19 6.15 5.47 5.81 4.76 5.98 5.92 5.69 5.31 5.76 5.57 6.48 6.41 5.96 5.71 5.93 5.56 5.31 5.21 5.24 5.70 Mexican Big Boll 1 Weighted av.' Cook 1006 5.35 5.77 5.62 5.45 5.28 5.56 5.74 6.15 5.79 5.39 5.35 5.81 5.63 5.98 5.64 5.35 4.91 5.64 5.10 5.36 4.70 4.12 3.47 4.70 4.95 5.06 4.65 4.24 3.81 4.75 4.95 5.13 4.68 4.44 3.32 4.75 5.65 5.58 5.26 3.95 3.53 4.01 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 -- 5.38 5.47 4.98 4.04 3.50 4.79 5.06 4.91 4.36 3.98 3.63 5.35 5.90 5.82 5.17 4.81 4.99 4.57 5.41 4.87 5.16 4.76 4.07 3.71 3.44 3.86 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A - -- 6.21 4.18 4.70 5.22 4.63 4.03 3.41 3.73 4.47 4.78 5.18 4.66 4.24 3.37 4.54 5.25 6.06 6.07 5.69 5.21 5.87 6.01 5.89 5.20 5.01 4.60 4.32 5.40 Weighted av. -- 4.33 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. 76 76 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 27. NUMBER OF SEED PER BOLL OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1987-38 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient 1937 1938 Av. blooming 1937 1938 Av. 30.4 32.6 33.9 33.0 32.0 33.2 29.0 32.9 32.8 32.4 32.6 32.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 28.7 30.9 31.4 31.6 32.1 31.2 30.1 31.0 31.8 31.2 31.1 31.4 Number of seed per 31.4 31.8 29.6 31.1 33.7 30.0 32.0 35.0 28.9 31.0 34.6 30.5 31.3 32.3 27.2 Mexican Big Boll Weighted Cook av.' 29.9 - 31.6 34.3 32.1. 34.4 33.3 33.5 31.0 33.5 29.2 31.2 31.0 31.0 30.6 30.9 30.1 31.4 31.8 31.2 28.7 31.4 boll 30.6 29.7 29.8 3&.5 28.1 30.7 29.6 29.0 30.7 31.3 24.5 25.1 30.4 28.5 28.5 29.1 28.2 26.0 26.2 33.5 27.5 25.9 29.8 29.3 26.8 25.4 27.5 27.5 31.2 31.7 32.4 32.6 32.0 30.6 32.6 32.3 29.0 28.0 31.0 28.9 30.2 29.6 28.5 28.4 29.2 28.0 30.6 1006 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 28.4 26.8 26.4 26.2 28.6 31.1 27.5 28.6 28.2 25.6 26.1 26.9 25.3 27.1 30.5 30.9 28.0 28.2 26.1 24.6 29.0 28.7 29.9 29.6 29.3 30.6 30.1 28.7 29.6 28.5 28.9 29.5 29.2 30.3 31.0 29.9 29.7 28.6 30.2 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 30.6 29.0 27.1 29.5 Weighted av. 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 77 TABLE 28. WEIGHT PER SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mexican Big Boll 131 155 149 137 127 144 Weight per seed 153 142 159 157 147 148 167 152 136 132 131 in milligrams 127 153 115 144 107 133 96 116 102 101 140 130 120 106 117 116 110 100 91 82 101 112 107 96 89 80 99 105 110 97 93 75 98 1 Weighted av. 152 135 134 127 126 116 124 148 117 125 121 118 109 118 124 132 126 115 118 -124 111 121 118 98 107 117 109 104 101 89 76 69 89 107 105 95 82 74 97 98 101 90 85 62 92 124 127 118 110 106 94 81 Cook 1006 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 99 116 114 110 102 - Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 111 117 132 127 116 108 -123 96 120 119 114 103 116 127 129 131 125 114 127 114 112 116 108 96 95 86 83 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 125 125 121 117 82 111 115 117 100 112 118 103 100 88 90 103 Weighted av. 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. . 78 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 78 ALABAMA AGRICULTUA XEIMN TTO TABLE 29. WEIGHT OF LINT PER SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1987-8 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mexican Big Boll Weight of lint per seed in milligrams 78 80 76 79 82 76 86 79 83 71 69 70 86 79 83 70 64 67 57 62 77 67 80 74 68 __ 53 73 62 76 -52 Weighted Cook 1006 av.' 83 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 74 73 73 74 68 59 80 70 61 66 - 65 66 67 65 60 70 69 70 70 64 __ 43 - 55 55 53 48 52 68 63 60 55 47 44 62 59 57 52 45 56 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 65 77 79 77 73 70 _ 71 68 59 - 77 75 76 70 69 66 77 77 77 72 70 _ Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 76 _ -- 62 57 55 55 51 56 64 56 48 48 45 32 63 57 57 57 48 54 -- 74 75 52 78 75 72 69 65 __ 71 72 70 69 68 66 6446 69 75 73 71 69 66 70 66 62 57 58 53 59 68 57 55 51 46 54 67 60 56 55 50 57 Weighted av. 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 79 7 TABLE 30. PERCENTAGE OF LINT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 36.7 35.7 36.5 36.9 36.7 34.7 33.4 34.8 32.1 33.5 37.2 Mexican Big Boll Per cent lint 35.7 37.3 34.6 38.1 35.7 39.5 34.5 40.8 35.1 -- 34.3 31.8 32.8 33.1 34.0 33.7 35.8 35.0 36.2 37.0 Weighted av.' Cook 1006 36.5 39.7 36.3 37.0 37.1 37.1 - 33.8 35.2 39.1 34.6 35.2 37.2 38.4 38.0 36.9 36.6 35.2 36.8 39.7 40.6 36.6 -- - - 33.0 36.1 35.5 35.3 36.7 37.1 36.9 -- 37.6 35.8 36.9 37.1 37.0 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 37.0 39.7 37.3 37.6 38.7 39.5 38.0 44.6 38.1 37.9 37.6 38.7 31.9 - -- 34.8 34.8 35.3 34.1 33.4 33.5 34.7 35.0 36.3 36.3 35.7 35.7 35.9 34.8 35.1 36.5 37.6 35.3 36.5 36.8 34.5 35.1 34.3 33.4 33.3 34.5 28.3 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A --37.2 - 37.5 36.4 37.9 37.9 37.1 36.4 38.6 36.9 37.8 37.3 38.3 36.4 37.6 40.7 37.3 37.7 37.9 38.1 37.6 34.0 36.7 36.4 37.4 38.2 37.4 36.6 37.2 Weighted av. 1Weighted 38.0 -- 40.2 37.8 38.7 40.5 46.1 37.7 32.5 35.1 34.4 34.6 33.7 39.0 35.2 36.9 37.5 40.4 - 38.9 -- 34.4 36.7 on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 80 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT 81. PERCENTAGE OF OIL IN SEED OF DIFFERENT STATION OF TABLE VARIETIES COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-88 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week Deficient Adequate of blooming 193.7 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. Per cent oil in seed Mexican Big Boll 1 2 3 4 5 6 24.0 24.9 25.0 25.1 24.3 24.9 24.1 22.8 23.4 23.9 24.2 23.7 24.1 23.9 24.2 24.5 24.3 24.2 23.0 22.2 22.6 22.2 22.2 22.4 22.9 22.6 21.9 22.7 23.0 - 19.9 18.9 21.2 21.4 20.4 21.5 20.6 20.6 20.4 21.3 20.6 19.1 18.2 19.6 20.1 19.6 19.1 20.2 19.6 19.6 19.4 18.7 - 18.9 18.0 17.9 19.8 18.2 19.3 19.4 18.5 19.6 20.6 19.5 20.9 19.8 19.7 20.1 20.3 19.9 18.9 17.1 17.7 18.6 18.8 18.0 19.7 19.2 19.3 18.9 18.5 19.2 1 Weighted av. Cook 1006 23.5 22.5 21.9 22.3 22.5 22.9 22.4 18.6 20.3 19.0 18.7 19.4 19.2 20.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 23.5 22.5 22.9 21.9 21.4 __ Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 22.4 23.8 24.4 23.6 24.6 24.1 24.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 22.4 22.0 20.8 20.2 20.7 21.9 23.0 19.2 18.7 15.9 15.8 17.1 18.0 16.9 19.2 18.7 18.9 18.4 18.3 20.1 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 20.9 22.9 21.5 21.2 22.1 20.8 20.9 22.5 21.8 22.4 22.0 22.1 21.6 22.1 20.7 23.2 22.7 22.1 22.4 - Weighted av. 22.6 21.6 19.6 18.7 1 Weighted on basis of number of bolls occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS onCOTTON SEED and LINT 8 81 TABLE 32. PERCENTAGE OF PROTEIN IN SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. blooming 1937 Mexican Big Boll 30.7 30.4 29.3 28.8 28.7 29.3 31.0 29.7 30.0 29.3 29.0 29.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 32.7 32.5 30.9 32.0 30.8 31.6 29.1 29.6 30.5 29.4 30.3 30.0 Weighted av.' Cook 1006 Per cent protein in the seed 33.6 32.2 32.2 32.6 31.9 31.7 30.6 33.4 30.7 34.6 31.4 32.1 31.1 30.0 32.7 31.8 29.9 31.9 30.0 32.7 30. 33.2 31.6 32.0 32.8 31.8 31.7 31.0 29.8 29.1 31.3 32.0 31.6 30.8 30.4 30.1 29.6 31.1 32.7 31.2 30.8 31.5 28.5 28.8 31.1 31.9 30.8 30.9 30.2 29.4 30.5 32.4 31.2 33.0 32.3 32.4 33.2 32.4 32.8 32.9 33.1 32.9 31.9 30.9 31.6 32.1 31.5 31.7 32.6 31.7 32.5 31.5 30.9 32.1 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 33.9 33.0 34.4 34.0 34.3 -34.0 33.1 33.0 34.7 33.8 32.5 31.7 31.2 31.8 31.9 31.2 31.7 30.6 28.8 28.4 30.4 31.3 32.4 32.1 30.9 31.2 30.5 31.7 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 31.4 30.9 30.4 30.7 30.5 29.4 __ 33.7 32.5 32.1 33.7 32.6 30.6 -33.0 29.7 32.7 31.2 31.3 30.4 31.1 30.8 Weighted av. 30.6 31.1 'Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 82 82 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 33. PERCENTAGE OF TABLE Fuzz ON SEED OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week of Adequate Deficient blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 9.7 12.2 12.7 11.7 11.3 Per cent fuzz on seed 19.1 15.6 14.1 18.5 16.3 19.6 20.1 16.2 20.2 12.3 21.8 17.3 20.6 16.2 10.2 17.4 18.0 14.7 17.0 14.7 25.0 -20.2 16.2 13.5 18.4 10.6 17.4 18.0 16.3 13.8 Mexican Big Boll Weighted 1 av. -- 12.1 9.4 9.8 - -16.0 Cook 1006 10.5 9.9 9.3 Weighted av. Glevewilt Strain 5 -10.0 13.9 12.9 10.0 11.9 13.6 12.8 11.6 13.7 12.1 11.4 10.5 -11.5 4.7 7.2 5.8 6.1 7.8 6.2 11.6 12.4 11.6 9.6 9.0 11.6 10.3 12.0 12.1 10.5 12.0 11.7 11.2 13.0 14.5 12.2 11.3 8.0 10.1 10.2 9.2 9.6 12.6 11.5 14.9 14.2 12.7 11.5 9.2 - 9.4 6.2 9.7 8.4 8.4 8.0 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 8.6 8.6 11.5 11.5 10.9 11.5 -- 11.7 15.4 12.1 10.7 10.4 10.9 9.0 12.6 10.3 9.6 9.2 -10.8 11.6 13.7 12.9 11.2 10.3 12.4 12.9 13.2 9.9 Weighted av. 11.3 -- 10.3 12.8 13.7 12.2 12.1 10.8 9.5 12.2 12.6 11.6 11.8 -12.0 10.7 14.7 18.3 13.3 14.3 12.6 10.5 13.4 15.2 11.9 13.2 13.1 12.6 14.5 - 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 83 8 TABLE 84. FIBER LENGTH AT UPPER 25 % POINT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1987-8 Week of Moisture condition of the soil Adequate Deficient Variety blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. Mexican Big Boll 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fiber length at upper 25 per cent point in inches .91 .94 .93 .95 1.08 1.02 1.00 .98 .99 .96 1.00 .98 1.02 .97 1.00 .89 .93 .91 1.00 .. 92 .96 .85 .92 .89 .99 .94 .97 .82 -- Weighted av. Cook 1006 1 .93 __ .85 1.01 1 2 3 4 5 6 .96 1.01 .99 .97 1.00 .98 1.04 .99 .93 .91 .96 .1.04 .92 1.09 .99 .92 1.03 1.02 .85 .95 1.00 .95 .95 -- .97 .99 .98 .97 .98 .88 .84 .89 .91 .90 .89 .83 76 .94 --. -- .89 .87 .86 .93 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 .97 1.01 1.04 1.09 1.10 1.06 .99 .98 1.03 .96 1.01 .94 Weighted - .95 .99 1.04 1.03 1.06 1.00 --_ 1.02 1.05 .94 .87 .90 - 1.03 .93 .86 .82 .76 .69 1.03 .99 .90 .85 .83 -.93 av. 1.07 .99 1.03 .98 .87 Stoneville 5 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.00 1.09 1.10 1.15 1.17 Weighted -- 1.06 .98 .89 .97 .97 .95 .98 1.03 1.04 1.00 1.06 1.07 -__ 1.08 1.07 .92 .91 .88 .96 1.02 1.03 .94 .98 .92 .90 .97 1.05 1.05 .93 ..95 .90 - av. 1.12 1.05 .97 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 84 84 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 35. ,,,., Variety MEAN FIBER LENGTH OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Week of Iv r blooming 1937 ~\r ~~- Moisture condition of the soil Adequate Deficient 1938 ~ ~ Av. 1937 1938 Av. Mexican Big Boll .64 .74 .74 .73 .60 . .60 .69 .73 .71 .72 Weighted av.' Cook 1006 Mean fiber length in inches .65 .65 .67 .81 .70 .72 .71 .73 .69 .72 .63 .67 .65 .69 .62 .67 .67 .64.58 .66.62 .68 .70 .66 .67 .70 .67 .66 .69 .71 .72 .68 .67 .70 .66 .71 .66 79 .68 .65 .74 .72 .65 .65 .67 .74 .74 .63 .60 .57 .65 .72 .66 .61 .58 .58 - .65 .68 .70 .70 .72 .70 .70 .72 .74 .76 .72 - .69 .79 .66 .60 .59 .68 .76 .75 .67 .62 .67 .70 .81 .79 .65 .65 .63 - Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 .72 .74 .81 .81 .78 .78 .68 .59 .59 .54 .50 .63 .67 .57 .54 .53 .49 .45 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A .70 .79 .81 .85 .86 .74 .71 .73 .71 .77 .77 - .55 .68 .69 .62 .66 .61 .59 .63 .75 .74 .64 .66 .62 - .71 .67 .60 .68 .68 .2 .69 82 .66 Weighted av. .74 .69 .65 .67 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT TABLE 85 8 36. BREAKING STRENGTH OF FIBERS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Moisture condition of the soil Week Deficient Adequate of blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. Breaking strength Variety Mexican Big Boll 1 2 3 4 5 45 47 51 50 47 48 45 52 46 49 49 lb. per sq. in. 47 58 60 46 52 63 48 66 48 - of fibers in 1,000 6 Weighted I av.' 50 -- -_ 48 51 55 61 62 65 53 56 59 64 -- -- 48 . 49 62 57 60 Cook 1006 1 2 3 4 5 6 45 47 53 57 52 __ 50 48 52 56 59 6470 54 48 48 52 56 56 54 51 56 56 57 57 56 54 51 54 60 66 56 53 54 55 59 62 56 Weighted av. i 53 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clevewilt Strain 5 53 56 56 56 50 _ 58 55 60 58 62 68 56 56 58 57 56 57 45 47 48 52 54 51 53 57 60 62 60 59 54 57 58 57 58 57 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 55 42 47 49 51 49 __ 58 48 47 47 52 59 64 53 51 59 60 61 65 57 55 51 60 62 64 63 53 54 60 61 60 65 58 55 57 59 60 61 57 Weighted av. 49 52 - - 57 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. 86 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT -STATION 86 TABLE ALABAMA 87. AGRICULTUA XEIMN TTO MEAN WEIGHT PER INCH OF FIBERS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Variety Week Moisture condition of the soil Deficient Adequate of blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. Mean fiber weight per inch in 10-1 milligrams Mexican Big Boll 1 2 3 4 5 70 66 60 55 60 69 68 62 68 68 69 70 67 61 67 64 53 52 57 60 56 Weighted av.' Cook 1006 6 59 _ 67 63 - 59 53 54 55 59 62 .56 56 53 56 58 56 --- 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 72 67 68 65 61 61 66 61 62 59 55 58 59 54 57 63 61 60 -- 62 68 67 64 64 67 65 72 63 60 60 63 6858 63 64 65 64 61 66 67 68 68 65 63 64 66 67 63 60 58 61 61 59 61 64 61 63 - 61 60 62 61 57 61 52 51 58 57 52 55 58 62 60 55 51 58 53 61 58 58 64 64 59 53 49 52 54 59 53 57 52 53 55 57 58 57 61 60 60 61 60 53 50 55 56 56 54 58 57 57 55 54 - Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A Weighted av. 1 61 59' 64 63 55 57 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS on COTTON SEED and LINT 8 87 TABLE 38. PERCENTAGE OF IMMATURE FIBERS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE, AVERAGES BY 7-DAY PERIODS, 1937-38 Variety Moisture condition of the soil Week Deficient Adequate of blooming 1937 1938 Av. 1937 1938 Av. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mexican Big Boll 27 26 27 30 38 __ Per cent immature fibers 19 23 41 28 20 23 36 39 29 41 21 24 27 29 28 36 28 27 -_36--3 _- 35 38 35 32 34 40 40 -40 40 38 - Weighted av.' 1 2 3 4 5 6 29 21 21 19 25. 23 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 23 47 40 42 35 31 39 26 34 31 31 30 27 - 30 - 25 37 43 44 44 44 43. 42 Cook 1006 Weighted av. Clevewilt Strain 5 -- 35 37 36 35 35 34 _- 31 33 39 39 39 40 39 -- 35 44 45 42 32 34 42 - 44 54 57 43 39 43 47 3931 40 49 51 43 36 39 45 22 32 31 30 34 _ 43 46 46 47 46 4 46 Weighted av. Stoneville 5 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 33 29 29 30 30 43 43 44 45 41 42_ 44 37 38 37 37 36 37 40 39 34 30 32 35 37 44 47 47 50 51 46 39 42 41 39 41 41 Weighted av. 1 Weighted on basis of number of boils occurring in each period.