BULLETIN No. 181DEMBR

DECEMBER,

I91

94

ALABAMA

AgricuturaI Experiment Station
OF THE

Alabama Polytechnic Institute
AUBURN

Local Fertilizer Experiments With Corn in South Alabama in 1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914
By
J. F. DUGGAR and

J. T. WILLIAMSON'
1914

Post Publishing Company Opelika, Ala.

COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES ON EXPERIMENT STATION.
HON.
HON.

R. F. KOLB -----------------------Montgomery H. L. MARTIN--------------------------------Ozark
BELL--------------------------------__Anniston
ROGERS J. A.

HON. A. W.
How.

---------------------------STATION STAFF

Gainesville

C. C. THACH, President of the College. J.. F. DUGGAR, Director of Experiment Station and Extension. ,AGRICULTURE : J. F. Duggar, Agriculturist. E. F. Cauthen, Associate. M. J. Funchess, Associate. .J. T. Williamson, Field Agent. D. J. Burleson, Assistant f0. H. Sellers, Assistant. H. B. Tisdale, Assistant.
'VETERINARY

BOTANY: J. S. Caldwell, Botanist. A. B. Massey, Assistant.
PLANT PATHOLOGY :

F. A. Wolf, Pathologist.

SCIENCE:
HORTICULTURE :

C. A. Cary, Veterinarian. H. C. Wilson, Hog Cholera Expert. * L. F. Pritchett, Assistant.
£HEMISTRY : ,T. Anderson,

Ernest Walker, Horticulturist. J. C. C. Price, Associate. G. V. Stelzenmuller, Field Agent.
ENTOMOLOGY:
W. E.

.3e

Chemist, Soils

and Crops. C. .L. Hare, Physiological Chemist. S. Adler, Assistant.
AND HOME ECONOMICS

JUNIOR

J. E. Buck, Assistant. G. W. Ells, Field Agent.
ANIMAL

Hinds,. Entomologist.

Ex-

TENSION :

L. N. Duncan, Superintendent. * Miss Madge J. Reese, Assistant. * J. C. Ford, Assistant. * 1. B. Kerlin, Assistant. * Nellie M. Tappan, Home Economics. * *
'In

INDUSTRY: Hus-

G. S. Templeton, Animal bandman. E. S. Girton, Assistant. N. A. Negley, Assistant. * E. Gibbens, Assistant.

co-operation with United' States Department of Agriculture. **In Tnstitute.
Co-operation with Alabama Girl's Technical

LOCAL FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN IN SOUTH ALABAMA IN 1911-1912-1913-1914.
BY
J. F. DUGGAR AND

J.

T. WILLIAMSON.

CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

From these experiments, most of which were conducted on poor land in dry seasons, it appears that under these conditions, reliance should not be placed chiefly on commercial fertilizers in growing corn. Commercial fertilizers have proved much more effective and profitable for cotton than for corn. On nearly all experiments nitrogen, whether employed as cotton seed meal or as nitrate of soda, afforded a fair increase in the yield of corn. In 60 per cent of these separate experiments the increase from applying 200 pounds of cotton seed meal alone per acre, was sufficient to afford a profit, even under these unfavorable conditions of soil and climate. Acid phosphate used alone, and in various combinations, usually afforded a small increase in the yield of corn, but this increase was usually not sufficient under these unfavorable conditions to afford a profit. For corn, kainit was even less effective and more generally unfavorable than was acid phosphate. When 200 pounds of cotton seed meal, applied before planting, was compared with 100 pounds of nitrate of soda, applied when corn plants were several feet high, nitrate of soda afforded a larger increase. Nitrate of soda afforded, on the average, and in most experiment, a profitable increase in yield. In these experiments commiiercial fertilizers usually increased the yield to at least as large an extent on land capable of producing 25 to 30 bushels of corn without fertilizer as on poorer land; this suggests that it was the supply of moisture in the richer soils, rather than the fertilizers, which determined yield in these unfavorable seasons. This argues for the plowing under of organic matter in connection with the use of

154 only, in
corn .

rate

inioonts of commercial fertilizers] for

Considering other experinerits, as Well as thesei the writers make the following general recommendations regarding the fertilization of corn: (1) That so far as practicable stable manure and the remains of soil-improvihg plants, such as cowpeas, velvet beans and crimson clover, be preferred to most kinds of commercial fertilizers. (2) That the amounts of commercial fertilizer be limited. (3) That:most of the m.oneyinvested in fertilizers be used in the purchase of nitrogen. (4) That where a pound of nitrogen can bed bought in nitrate of soda at the same or at a lower price than in cotton seed meal, the preference be given to'nitrate of soda as a fertilizer. (5) :Thliat in view of results of unpublished experiments to determine the besttime of applying nitrate he of soda it is reconimended that 'it applied as a side application when the corn plants are between 2-1/2and 4 feet high. (6) That on soils known to be'deficient in phosphoric acid, and especially where heavy applications have not been applied to preceding crops, a moderate amount of acid phosphate be employed. (7) That no investment be made in potash as a fertilizer for corn, especially at the high prices which will doubtless prevail in 1915, except where experience has shown the need of it. For the farmer wishing to make only a small investment in the fertilization of corn the following formula, for corn grown under average conditions, is suggested: 100 pounds acid phosphate, before planting or by the time plants are 2-1/2'feet high. 60-100 pounds nitrate of soda, applied when the' plants are 2-1/2 to 4 feet high. Or, 120 to 200 pounds cotton seed meal, applied at the same time as the phosphate, may be substituted for the nit al cof soda.

155 INTRODUCTORY. The chief object of these local fertilizer experiments or soil tests has been to ascertain the best combination of fertilizers for corn growing on each of the principal soils of the southern half of Alabama. The results recorded in this bulletin were obtained in fertilizer experiments conducted with funds appropriated by the Legislature of Alabama, in February 1911, to the Experiment Station for making local experiments with crops, fertilizers, fruits, live stock, insects, plant diseases, etc. This bulletin deals with fertilizer experiments carried to a conclusion in 1911-12-13-14 in the southern half of the State. For convenience the counties grouped together in this bulletin are those lying within or wholly south of the Central Prairie or Lime Region. The results of fertilizer experiments made in the counties lying north of the Central Prairie Region will appear in Bulletin No. 182 of this Station. Local fertilizer tests constitute only one of many lines of experiments instituted in 1911 by the Alabama Experiment Station with the support of State funds. Local fertilizer experiments as now conducted are made by farmers especially recommended as being men likely to take the necessary pains to secure accurate results. Small lots of carefully weighed and mixed fertilizers were supplied to each experimenter. Detailed instructions as to how to conduct the experiment and blank forms for reporting results were also furnished. Representatives of the Station inspected the experiments here published as often as practicable. The directions sent to each experimenter stated that the land employed for this test should be level and uniform, not manured in recent years, not in cowpeas the preceding year, and that it should be representative of large soil areas in its vicinity. In order to meet these conditions it was often necessary to select very old, "run-down" cotton land on which no effort for improvement had been made. This largely explains why the yields were not higher. The need of, perfect uniformity and standard treatment for all plots (except as to kind of fertilizer used) was emphasized.

156 Fertilizers were applied in the usual manner-that is, drilled before planting, except nitrate of soda which was directed to be applied when the plants were 2 to 3 feet high. Bulletins thus far published in this series detailing the results of local fertilizer experiments with cotton on this uniform plan are the following: For South Alabama-Bulletins No. 160, 169 and 174. For North Alabama Bulletins No. 162, 170 and 175. The experiments with corn detailed in this bulletin are on exactly the same plan as the fertilizer experiments heretofore conducted with cotton.
FIELD EXPERIMENTS REPEATED OFTEN, THE ONLY MEANS OF DETERMINING WHAT FERTILIZERS A GIVEN

TYPE OF SOIL REQUIRES.

The reader should bear in mind that there are great numbers of different soils in Alabama, and that even the same soil would give different results in different years, depending on how it had been cropped, fertilized and cared for in the year or two immediately preceding the test. It is the purpose of the authors in later years to publish bulletins classifying the soils on which all these tests are made and drawing conclusions relative to the needs of each class of soils. However, before this can be safely done, these experiments must be often repeated, so that the average results may teach clearly the fertilizer requirements of each distinct type of soil. Averaging the results obtained on dissimilar soils will not afford the desired information. Neither will chemical analysis of the soil indicate what fertilizers are needed. WEATHER CONDITIONS. The average rainfall in the part of Alabama covered by these experiments is given below by months, according to data furnished by the Alabama Weather Service. In 1913 and 1914 there were long periods of drought in the months of April, May and June, and to a less extent in May 1911 and 1912. 1911 1912 1913 1914
January ---------February ---------March -- _-----.2.43 April -------------May -------------3.93 2.50 7.32 3.17 6.70 5.13 9.71 11.77 3.52 4.97 5.45 11.59 2.47 2.42 2.26 4.72 2.85 3.11 0.85

157
June
3.89 5.84 4.98 July--------------5.17 6.76 2.58 5.66 August------------5.22 6.02 7.88 5.44 September ---------2.67 2.71 2.24 3.11 October ---------- 2.57 4.99 1.41 2.41 November--------- 4.35 4.39 2.84 6.77 December --------- 7.29 44.80 53.20 70.25 Total 12 Months ___50.56 Total May, June and 7.19 11.77 13.55 July----------- 12.28 The total rainfall for the months of May, June and July, and its distribution are probably the most important climatic factors in determining the yield of Hence, it should be noted that for these critical months of the growing season, the rainfall was as follows:

------------

3.94

5.05

3.51

2.45

corn.

1911-------------------1912-------------------13.55inches 1913-------------------11.77inches

12.28 inches

1914 ______----7.19inches For corn, 1913 and 1914 were extremely dry seasons, so that fertilizers failed to exert their full effect. Moreover, the month of May had a slightly deficient rainfall, both in 1913 and 1914. Hence, the yields reported in this bulletin are below the normal.
LOCATION OF EXPERIMENTS.

A. Cooper-----------161 Robertsdale _J. Baldwin -----.. Barbour ______Eufaula ------ L. B. Green------------178 Choctaw-------Silas --------- J. D. Mason-----------179 1 70-179 Choctaw ------ Naheola ------W. R. Christopher Coffee----__---Enterprise '__ J. W. Harry-----16

County Baldwin-

Post Bay Minette

'Office

_

Name Mrs. F. J. Arnold

Page
---

178

--

Coffee

Coffee----.----Ent
Crenshaw
---

-------- Elb--------- T.
prise J.
___J.

P. Windham

W. Meredith--------_177
McCrory & Son

---------170=
.~164
-_-_-_175

Conecuhi------ EvergreenCrenshaw--Luverne Elmore ------- Eclectic
Elmore-------_Tallassee Nokomis Escambia --Escambia--Atmore-------_J.

D. -----G. W. Turner ------ J.W. Ellis------------ 169168. Brantley ------

------- W. ---------

A. Patterson

Escam bia

------- C. A. McNeil ------ 163. - ----Geneva Co. High SchooL A1651 Geneva-------_ 166 ----J. G. Lewis -----------Geneva ----- Slocomb A71 P. A. Tutwiler, Jr. ---Hale---------_Greensboro__ 167" Headland ----- J. T. Knowles----------Henry Henry -------- Headland--R. W. Ward 178*. Houston ----- Dothan ------- W. A. Slay-----------176. Geo. Kimbrough --------Notasulga Lee---------174 Lowndes ----- Letohatchie-- J.B. Mitchell,
Escambia--Atmore
_Hartford . -

-Canoe

------------162" 163, -------- F. J. German
----------_______165

Mitchell Pittman------W. B. Rhodes W.. Jones

-- ------

178
162,

Marengo~
Marengo

--------

'Jr.--------

Demopolis____
Linden

-------

G. W. Allen

-----------J. T. Scogin----------

172"

-177-

158

Mobile -------Perry
_-------

178 Irvington Land Co.A. CrawfordT. L. Porter-----------179 Washington --- Leroy Washington ---Leroy--------J. M. Peiham, Sr.-------160 Experiments were begun in the counties named below, but for verious reasons, satisfactorily explained at the time, they were not carried to a conclusion.
Irvington
_Hamburg-____-S.

----

--------

173-178

Fred C. Hall----------1913 Baldwin------_Bay Minette A. N. Hayselden-------1912 Robertsdale Baldwin Bullock _-------Union Springs A. H. Feagin------1914 Bibb _-------Centerville ____ J. J. Ellison----------1912 Clay ________Lineville----V. W. White---------1912 J. Ham---------1912 Coffee -------- Elba _--------P. N. Rushton--------1914 Andalusia _-_W. ,Covington ---Crenshaw -__- Luverne _____G. W. Turner--------1913 Dallas -------- Massillon ------ S. W. John-----------1913 Selma--------W. J. Templin-------_1914 Dallas W. Macon -------- Liverpool ---- W. Thompson------1912 J. M. Robert---------1914 Pike---------Troy--------P. F. Smith-----------1912

County

Post Office

Name

Year

------

---

-------

Macon--------Tuskegee -----Troy

Pike----------

Sumter------- Geiger-------- E.A. Gilbert----------1914 Sumter ------- Geiger----___---A. J. Payne-------1913-1914 C. E. Tait------------1914 Wilcox ___-_Camden
THE FERTILIZERS USED.

---------

H. vv. & T.V. Ballard

_1914

-------

The following prices are used, as representing a rathduring the er high average cash price in local last few years, 1912, -1913 and 1914 Per Ton Acid Phosphate (16 per cent available)--$14.00 Cotton Seed Meal-----------------------$30.00 -Kainit----------------------------------$14.00

markets

Nitrate of Soda ($50 in 1911 and 1912)

------ $60.00

Prices naturally vary in different localities. Any *one can substitute the cost of fertilizers in his locality for the prices given above. In each experiment three plots were left unfertilized, these being Plots 3, 7 and 11. When these yields differed widely the experiment was classed as inconclusive. The increase on plots 4 to 6 is calculated on the assumption that the gradation in fertility is uniform from plots 3 to 7; likewise the increase is calculated for plots 8 to 10 inclusive. *
PRICE ASSUMED FOR CORN.

The price assumed per bushel of corn is 75 cents- in 1911, 80 cents in 1912, and 90 cents in both 1913 and 1914. *For the standard method employed in this bulletin for cal" ulating the increased yield, see Alabama Station Bulletin 160 or 162.

159 Pounds per acre of fertilizers; nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash used, and a composition of each mixture.
FERTIIZERSCONTAINS
MIXTURE COST OF FERTILIZERS

Z

~

1

KIND OF FERTILIZER

o

a sao

1 2
4

Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 200 ICotton seed meal-------- 13.58 5.76 In 100 lbs. c. s. meal* 6.79 2.88 240 Acid phosphate---------------38.4014 In 100 lbs. acid phos___------ 16.00
200 Kainit.-

Lbs. 3.54
1.77 .00

001.6
24.60

-- -

-----

5
6(

lbs. kainit---------__-----200 Cotton seed meal?_ 13.58 44.16 240 Acid phosphate------In 100 lbs. above mixt._ 3.09 10.04
In 100
200 Cotton seed meal

--------

12.30

14.00
-

1.40

3.54
21.27

0.80$
22.00

4.68
4.40

------

1.5

8

2006Coton seed meal 13.58 5.76 28.14 In 100 lbs. above mixt_ 3.39 1.44 7.03 _ ----240 Acid phosphate-__ 200 Kainit- ____-_______--In 100 lbs.' above mixt----------8.73 5.59
240 Cotton seed meal

13.99

3.08

----

9

200 Acid phosphate------200 Kainit.--.---------)

13.58

44.16 28.14

In 100' lbs. above mixt_

2.12
13.58

6.90
44.16

4.40)
.15.84)

19.00

6.08

10
12

200 Cotton seed meal--

240. Acid 100 Kainit----------------)

phosphate--------.

20.13

In 100 lbs. above mixt_ _
240 Acid phosphate--100 Kainit---------------

5.38

2.59
14.00

8.18
16.00

2.93)
12.30) ** **

~

100 Nitrate of soda--------)

In 100. lbs. above mixt_
* Average of * * Counting

3.18

24.45

8.73

2.80)

5.38

many analyses. all the phosphoric acid in cotton seed meal as

available.

***Only

""*Only

$22.17 in 1911 and 1912. $4.88 in 1911 and 1912.

Those farmers who are more accustomed to the word ammonia than to the term nitrogen, can change the figures for nitrogen into their ammonia equivalents by multiplying by 1, 3-14.

160 WASHINGTON COUNTY, 7 MILES NORTHWEST OF CARSON, NEAR LEROY.
J. M.
PELHAM,

SR

1912.

Red sandy land, with stiffer red subsoil. This upland soil had been many years in cultivation. The The three preceding crops consisted of corn. stand on all plots was good. Too much rain and storm in September reduced the yield. There was but little, if any, profit in the use of any of the fertilizers. Nitrogen was slightly more important than the others.
J. M. PELHAM, SR

a

1913.

The same experiment repeated in.1913 again showed that only nitrogen uniformly increased the yield and that nitrate of soda was more effective and more profitable than cotton.seed meal. Experiments in Washington County, 1912 and 1913.
1912
NEAR LEROY

1913
NEAR LEROY

IO)

I

N

5)

z
0

KIND
Q

OF

°NbQ°

FERTILIZER

0

°
. 4.4
aH

a

.0

.a

-1

1
2 3

Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal240 Acid No fertilizer--

phosphate--

Bus. 25.4
23.8 21.2

. Bus. 4.2 $ 0.36
2.6.
-

Bus.. Bus. 30.8 .13.7 $

0.40

17.2

9.33
3.59,.

0.1

-

17.1

---I_ ----

-1.59

4

200

Kii S.40AcdMeopale aC. iS.

22.6 19.0 --_18.5

-1.0

2.0

0.20. -5.48

15.8-0.7 -2.03 0.4 -4.32 16.2

6

200

eal-.
__

18.4

7.
8
9 200 240

-1.01-5.20
_ _ 0.4' -2.76

16.
14.5

0.9

Nuo ertilizer-----240 Acid 0 ant

phosphate -_
Meal phosphate-__
-__

18.8 _ _ ___

12.6--1.8 14.9 0.6

-4.70
-5.54

0.8S.
Acid

19.2

1.8

-4.64

{
10

200 Kainit_..
240 Acid

200 C. S. Meal_
100 Kainit.

phosphate-

__
19.2
-16C

2.5
.-

-3.38
-

15.8

1.7

-3.85
3.08

4. 23.4 9.4

12

100 KainiL S100 Nitrate of soda-

?-____ 4.6 20.6

-- 1.20

161 BALDWIN COUNTY, 1 MILE NORTH OF ROBERTSDALE. J. A. COOPER-1914. Reddish sandy loam, with reddish sandy clay subsoil. This upland field had been cleared about fifteen years. The preceding crop was corn. The stand was good, except on Plot 6, which had about 87-90 per cent as many stalks as the other plots. All fertilizers gave such insignificant increases in the yield that every single fertilizer and every combination was used at a financial loss. Experiments in Baldwin and Escambia Counties.
1914
ROBERTSDALE

1914
NOKOMIS

t,0
5, 5

0

o
a °',

KIND OF FERTILIZER

o

2°
E~~C

0o
Cl43r"

1
2

Lbs. 200
240

Cotton seed meal
Acid phosphate-_
-__-- -

Bus. Bus. 15.8 -0.1
16.1

$-3.09

Bus. 18.8 15.9 18..1

3 4
5.

No fertilizer 200 Kainit
200
200

240 Acid phosphateN. S.

C. S.

Meal ---Meal -

15.9 16.2
16.3

0.2 -1.50 - - - -

14.5 -1.4
-- 18.6
20.8

Bus. 2.9 $-0.39
-2.94

---

0.2 -1.22
0.2
-0.4 -__18.8

1.5 -0.05
1.2 -3.60

-4.50
-4.76

6
7

9

No fertilizer ----240 Acid phosphateS 200 Kainit____-200 C. S. Meal 240 Acid phosphate 200 Kainit --_ (200 C. S. Meal ---1401 Acid phosphate_ 0
No fertilizer---Acid

15.8 16.2 17.3 1. 1.

2.7.-1.97

0. 6

__-

-2.54

18.4 -0.6 19.2

-3.62

1.4 -4.82

0.1 -5.99

20.3
18.3--------

2.5 -3.13

21.4
19.4
2 .3

2.1 -3.49

11

5240 212
100

phosphate-

-----0. -46

-----.9 .8

100

Kainit

-

Nitrate of

soda --

19.1

08-.6263

69

08

162 ESCAMBIA COUNTY, 1 MILE EAST OF NOKOMIS. N. B. RHODES on farm of H. W. CURRIE, Atmore-1914 Gray sandy soil with red clay subsoil. The preceding crop was corn with a few velvet beans. The stand of corn was uniform. Nitrogen in every combination increased the yield but seldom to a profitable extent. Nitrate of soda was superior to cotton seed meal. Phosphate and kainit did not increase the yield in this dry year. ESCAMBIA COUNTY, 1-1/2 MILES NORTH OF ATMORE. J. W. JONES 1911. Gray loamy soil, with stiffer yellowish subsoil. This upland field had been in cultivation about 8 years. The preceding crop was cotton. The largest increase was obtained on Plots 5 and 6, both of which contained cotton seed meal in connection with either phosphate or kainit. However, the largest profit from fertilizer, $2.28 per acre, was obtained on Plot 4, receiving kainit alone. Nitrogen was more effective than either phosphate or kainit, and kainit was somewhat more effective than phosphate. The average increase due to cotton seed meal was 5.1 bushels per acre; to kainit 1.6 bushels; with acid phosphate there was an average decrease of 1.3 bushels.

163 Experiments in EscambiaCounty 1 1 911l
ATMOREATMORE 1913

z
0
a _a_

KIND OF
°

Noff
°.Wo

FERTILIZER

S

). + .

~ ~
-0.7
--

O-1 4~

a)

c

4-

C,°
Bus.
19.7
12.6 2.21

1-_4

I
$ 3.39

1

2
3

4

6 7
8

Bus. Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal... 30.1 24.6 240 Acid phosphate 25.3 No fertilizer. ..29.2 200Kainit---l -200C 30 3 240 Acidaphosphate 20 200' Iainit .Sel- -- __ --iW 29.3 K2 -~al No feertilizer 21.4 240 Acid phosphate... 22.2 1 200 Kant -. __ -200 C. S. 29.2 240 Acid phosphate 200 Kainit______

L_1

Bus. 4.8 $ 0.60 .9 6.9 6.9 07
3.31 -

Bus.
7.1
0.0 -1.68 __-_12.

14.1 14.7 15.2 15.0
12.7

0.9-0.59 0.9 -3.87 0.8 -3.68
z
-

'Meal---26.7 2.1
----

-0.3

-

-2.9 -5.59

5.7,-1.80

14.5'-1.6-7.52
14.6 -2.1 -7.27

200 C. S. Meal -240

10

Acid phosphate

-3.80 -0.65

100 Kainit--

12.1

11 No fertilizer-.__ 240 Acid phosphate-__o__a 100 Kainit 10N itrate o~:oa_

25.6-17.2
31.9 6.3 24.8 7.6 1.46

ESCAMBIA COUNTY, 3 MILES NORTHEAST OF ATMORE. C. A. McN EIL-1913.

Sandy loam, with yellowish subsoil.
This upland field had

The preceding crop was corn. The stand-was uniform. No fertilizer was profitable, and potash and phosphate under the condition of this season seemed to have reduced the yield. ESCAMBIA.COUNTY, 2, MILES EAST OF, CANOE.. F.' J. GERMAN-1912. Red sandy loam, with stiffer red subsoil. Grass worms did some damage, but this was apparently- uniform, except on Plot. 12, where it was most severe.
The largest profit was afforded-by
fertilized at"the

been-in cultivation-for

9 years.

following rate' per acre:

Plot 10, which was,

164 200 pounds cotton seed meal. 240 pounds acid phosphate. 100 pounds kainit. On this plot the increase was 9.9 bushels per acre, and apparently due to fertilizer. Experiments in Escambia and Conecuh Counties.
1912
CANOE

1912
EVERGREEN

s,0
0 0

0

,o

KIND OF

0

00)

Z
0,

FERTILIZER

U
a) G

.
0
C,
O0 o

,
G ,

1 2

Lbs.

200 Cotton seed meal 240 Acid phosphate -No fertilizer---__
_5.5

Bus. 8.2 7.0 5.7
8 .9

Bus.

4

3

Kainit ----------200 C. S. Meal --240 Acid phosphate200
200

------------0.5
-1.00

2.7'$-0.84 1.5

-0.48
.4

Bus. 21.1 18.0
22.8 19.0

Bus. -1 7 $-4.36 -4.8 -5.52

-

-4.0 -4.60
1.3 -5.72
-.

4.0 -1.48
17 __

22.0
1.

65S

200 Kainit_________
No fertilizer--

C.

S. Meal

-----6.3

1.7
__

76
-8.16

81
7

240 Acid phosphate_
200 Kainit -- ______ _ 200 C. S. Meal- -

8.2
15.3

3_

3.5.

9 10 11

240 Acid phosphate-_

10.2

2.08

18.3 -2.6

200 IKainit_______(__
20

12

200 C. S. Meal-----10 Aidiophte. No fertilizer--_240 Acid phosphate-100 Kainit-__ 100 Nitrate of soda

15.4

9.9
-

2.54
-_

20.0

0.6 __ 6.8

-4.90

5.9

18.0
24.8

0.56

C ON ECUH COUNTY, 1/2 MILE WEST OF EVERGREEN. J. D. MCCRORY SON-1912. Grey loam soil, with stiffer red subsoil. Every fertilizer and every combination of fertilizers, except the one containing nitrate of soda (on Plot 12) was perfectly ineffective, and used at a financial loss. Mr. L. T. Rhodes, who supervised this experiment, attributes the apparently, harmful effect of fertilizers. to their having hastened the growth of the plant, thus causing them to suffer more from -drought than did the unfertilized plants, which "waited 'for the rains."

&

165 GENEVA COUNTY, ON HIGH SCHOOL CAMPUS. GENEVA COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL-1913. Gray soil, with light colored stiffer subsoil. This land had been in cultivation only 4 years. The preceding crop was cotton. The stand was fairly uniform. The largest increase in yield was 12 bushels per acre on Plot 5, which was fertilized with200 pounds of cotton seed meal and 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. The profit due to fertilizer on this plot was $5.12 per acre. As shown in the table of increase on page 182 cotton seed meal in every combination increased the yield, its average increase being 5.1 bushels per acre. Acid phosphate usually increased the yields, its average increase being 2.8 bushels. The average decrease from using 200 pounds kainit was 3.2 bushels per acre. Cotton seed meal was superior to nitrate of soda. Experiments in Geneva and Henry Counties.
1913
HARTFORD

1912
HEADLAND

0

0

KIND OF

0v

o

o
cd

FERTILIZER
d
r'

°
c .

1
2

Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal
240 Acid

phosphate--

Bus. 28.8
29.7

Bus. 5.0 $ 1.50
5.9 3.63

Bus. 22.6
18.2

Bius. 4.4.
0.0

$

0.52

-1.68

4
5

200 Kainit______ ofriie--'._ 200 C. S. Meal
240
200

24.4 --0.6 -1.94 381. 3. 1. 51 33.9 6.6 1.54

19.9 2. 22.3
20.9
233

1.3 -0.36 17-33 2.8
0.6

Acid phosphateKainit

7
9

S

200 C. S. Meal

-

----

-__

81240
240

S200 Klainit--__---200 C. S. Me2al..
Acid

No fertilizer.-Acid phosphate-

28.4-------------19.9 29.3 1.1 -2.09
31.2 3.20

-2.60
40

------

-2.16

10
11 12

200 5200

phoshaeKainit
C. S.

25

210 Acid phosphate--. 100 Kainit.. _ _
100
100

Meal

)_-__
--

3.2

2.5-.0

-__

32.0
_

4.2 -1.60

24.3
21.6

3.1 -2.90

5240

No fertilizer -Acid phosphateKainit
Nitrate of

27.6. 29.7 2.1 -3.49

--4.8 -1.04

------

soda--

26.4

166

HENRY COUNTY, 6 MILES NORTHWEST OF HEADLAND.
R. W. WARD 1912.

Sandy soil with reddish stiffer subsoil. This field had been in cultivation about 20 years. The two preceding crops were cotton. The largest increase, 4.8 bushels per acre, was obtained on Plot 12, Which received a complete fertilizer containing nitrate of soda. Nitrogen was the' only fertilizer that notably increased the yield and even this not to a profitable extent. Phosphate and potash were not effective under corn on this soil in 1912. GENEVA COUNTY, 2 MILES NORTH OF SLOCOMB. J. G. LEWIS-1911. Gray sandy soil, with yellowish subsoil. This upland field had been cleared for seven years. The preceding crop was corn. By mistake all fertilizers were applied at a rate 20 per cent greater than required by directions. -The-largest increase, 11.1 bushels per acre, was obtained on Plot 12, which received the-following fertilizer per acre: 300 pounds acid phosphate. 125 pounds kainit. 125 pounds nitrate of soda. This afforded a profit, due to fertilizer, of only $1.60 per acre. The second largest increase, 8.9 bushels per acre, was obtained on Plot 5, which was fertilized with: 250 pounds cotton seed meal per acre. 300 pounds acid phosphate per acre. Nitrogen was the most important fertilizer constiti uent. The average increase from 250 pounds cotton seed meal was 3.1 bushels; from 300 pounds acid phosphate the average increase was 2.5 bushels per acre; 250 pounds of kainit, failed, on the average, to increase the yield. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate of soda was slightly more effective than in the form of cotton seed meal.

167
Experiments in, Geneva and Henry Counties.
1911
SLOCOMB
O
N fs

1911
HEADLAND

°

~
SLbs.

KIND OF

°

FERTILIZER

°oU

Ow N

Bus.

Bus.Bu.

us

1 2 3 4

250

250

6_1
7 8
9~ 250 300 250

Cotton seed meal 300 Acid phosphate -_ No fertilizer---____ 250 Kainit_-_____._ _ 25..S.Ma5--~ -----300 Acid phosphate C. S. eal

2.2

21.4 16.6 19.2
25. 25.3 18.

4.6$0.3031 4.8 1.50

B.
31.6 0.8 1.50

2.7
8.9

-30.8
0.28
0.83

35.7
38.3

5.4
8.6 3.2

2.30
0.60 3.10

250 C. Meal--------22.0 S. No fertilizer.---_ 16.1300 Acid phosphate-C. 8. Meal _-____
Acid Kainit---------___ C. S.

5.8 -1.15 - 4.4
5.1

32.4

28.6 30 8
35.7

-

_ 2.0
6.8

0.
21.2

-0.55

-2.35
-2.50

phosphate-Meal

-3.77
19

250
10~
11

(

300

Acid

100 Kainit-_ _. 300
125 Kainit

- _ No fertilizer.-__-.

phosphate--

22.5
-16.1

6.4

32.4

3.3 -4.25

___----29.2-------

-----32.4 3.2
-4.33

Acid phosphate__

12~

-------

27.2

11.1

1.60

125

Nitrate of soda _-_

HENRY COUNTY, 1-1/4 MILES FROM HEADLAND. J. T. KNowLEs-1911. Sandy loam, with yellowish subsoil. This field had been in cultivation ten or fifteen years. mistake the fertilizers were used at a rate 20 per cent heavier than required by the plan. The largest increase, 8.6 bushels per acre, was made

By

on Plot 5, which was fertilized with the

250 pounds cotton seed meal per acre. 300 pounds acid phosphate per acre. Each of the fertilizer constituents seems to have increased the yield slightly,

following:

plication the increase was not sufficient to afford a profit. Nitrate of soda and cotton seed meal were of practically the same value, when both were used in complete fertilizers.

but at this heavy rate of ap-

168 CRENSHAW COUNTY, 3/4 MILE NORTH OF BRANTLEY.

Dark gray sandy loam, with stiffer yellowish subsoil.
The stand was good on all plots. Ommitting Plot 1, which wasconsiderably richer than the other plots, the largest profit, $5.06 per acre, and the largest increase, 12.8 bushels, were made on Plot 5, fertilized with the following: 200 pounds cotton seed meal per acre. 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. Apparently nitrogen was the most important er constituent and this was more effective in the form of nitrate-'of soda than of cotton seed meal. Phosphate was second in importance, and potash was not needed. Experiments in Crenshaw County.

J. W.

ELLIS-1912.

fertiliz-

1912
BRANTLEY

1914
LUVERNE

0
N a a A

0

°

KIND OF FERTILIZER

N

0

0o

°

CU

Bus. Bus. Lbs. 32. 6.'6 $10.28 1 200 Cotton seed meal 5.6 2.80 21.4 240 Acid phosphate2 15.8 3 No fertilizer--__ 4 200 Kainit---------12.5 -3.8 -4.44

1

'23.1

Bus.

Bus.
2.7 $-0.57

5

200
240

C. S.
Acid

:6J.200 200
7
8

phosphate--.-

Meal----

-2.04 20.0 -0.4 20.4----------2.57 18.7 -1.3
18.8 21.7' 18.8
-0.8

29.5 22.8 17.6 18.4

12.8 5.6

5.56 0.08

-5.40 -2.15
--

C. S. Acid

9
19

phosphate8 ~200 Kainit _-_15-881._0. 200 C. S. Meal -240

No fertilizer---_

Kainit ---

Meal-------

2.5

1.-18179

02--36

33

240 Acid phosphate-_-_ 200 Kainit 200 C. 8. MealC:
240 100

21.4
19.9

5.2 -1.92
4.5

18.9
16.9

1.6 -4.64
0.3

Acid

11..

phosphate Kainit -- -

S No fertilizer---__14.7--------5.-----Kainit hht-12 c Nitrate of. soda
-22.1

__

-1.78
1.04

-5.11

24 100 100

7.4

22.9

, 7.1

1.01

169

CREN SHAW COUNTY, 2 MILES WEST OF LUVERNE
G. W. TURNER---1914.

Grey sandy loam, with yellowish subsoil. This old land had been long in cultivation. In this unusually dry.year most combinations of fertilizers failed to increase the yield to any notable extent, however, nitrogen usually increased the yield. The largest increase, 7.1 bushels, was obtained on Plot 12, fertilized with: 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. 100 pounds kainit per acre. 100 pounds nitrate of soda per acre. Nitrate of soda applied late was more effective by 6.8 bushels per acre than was cotton seed meal applied in a complete fertilizer at time of planting. COFFEE COUNTY, 8 MILES SOUTH OF ENTERPRISE.
J. W. HARRY-1911.

Red loam soil, with red subsoil. This upland soil had been in cultivation about 30 years. The preceding crop was corn. The largest profit, $4.00 per acre, was obtained on Plot 10, which was fertilized as follows: 200 pounds cotton seed meal per acre. 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. 100 pounds kainit per acre. This was closely followed by Plot 12, which received fertilizer of about the same composition and cost, but in which the nitrogen was supplied in the form of nitrat of soda. All complete fertilizers Plots 10, 12 and 9 largely increased the yields; the application of any two of the fertilizers considerably increased the yield; but when applied alone there was practically no increase from either meal, phosphate or kainit. One hundred pounds of kainit per acre was more effective and profitable than 200 pounds, and cotton seed meal was slightly superior to nitrate of soda.

170 Experiments in Coffee County.
1911
ENTERPRISE

1911
ELBA

a)

00 a

z
Z,

6
N;

a

KIND OFoo FERTILIZER1q
__ _ __ -4.

64

Cd;.

__4_

C

1
2 3

Lbs 200 Cotton seed meal
240

Bus.

Bus.

11.1 -2.6 Acid 13.8. 0.1 No fertilizer---__--13.7

phosphate---;

$-4

Bus.

4 5

6j
7
:

200 Kainit----._----15.1 200 C. S. Meal. 25.5 240 Acid phosphate200 C. S. S200 Kainit---------50.221_6 No fertilizer-16.63

t

----

95 -1.60

30.1 26.3
28.8

Bus.
1.3
-2.5

$-1.83 -3.93 -9.05

0.7 10.3

-0.87 211-8.5
3.05 26.3 -4.1

-8.37 .4

Meal

5.7 -. 12.8-34 7.

-.4-74
----3.7
0.5

81 00 aint 200 C. S. Meal---240 Acid phosphate--, 200 Kainit- -____4 Kai Ai nit hsht_200

2.

2.0

.9
.

2.5
1.42

26.5
28.8

-6.41
5.63

)-

.

25.7

200, C. S. Meal 10 11

-

240 Acid phosphate 100 Kainit-_ 12

11

-10.0
12.5

27.7

4.00

26.5

0.0

-5.38

240 No fertilizer------- 14.7--------_ 3.67 12{ 0 100Kainit----------26.1 11.4 ____ 0 100 Nitrate of soda__

24.6-----------_______-

COFFEE COUNTY, 2- /2 MILES EAST OF ELBA.
T. P. WINDHAM 1913. Gray sandy loam, with stiffer red subsoil. This land had been in cultivation 15 years. The preceding crop was cotton. The stand was uniform. No fertilizer or combination of fertilizers was profitable or notably effective under the conditions of the season. CHOCTAW COUNTY, 5 MILES EAST OF CHOCTAW CITY, NEAR NAHEOLA.
W. R. CHRISTOPHER-1911.

Black bottom land with yellowish subsoil. This field, which the owner describes as a typical "Thirsty River Land," had been cleared of its original swamp timber for about 14 years but for the three

171 years preceding the experiment it was in grass and
weeds. The stand was identical, Plots 1 to 5 inclusive,

and about 22 per cent thicker, Plots 6 to 12. No fertilizer, andno combinations of fertilizers sufficiently increased the yield to be profitable. On these same plots Mr. Christopher conducted a similar experiment in 1912, which proved inconclusive, probably due to attacks by grass worms and to very late planting (June 22). See page 179. Experiments in Choctaw and Hale Counties.
1911
NAHEOLA

1914
GREENSBORO

0
KIND OF °

N

0
o o °

°

y'
ice.

FERTILIZER

o
U

N
. O ...

Lbs 1

2
3 5

Bus. . 200 Cotton seed meal-_ 11.1 240 Acid phosphate____ 14.3
No fertilizer ------. 15.8 8

-5.7
-__

Bus.

Bus. $-7.00 -3.56
_--_

Bus.
1.7 $1.47

16.4

-2.5
0

14.7
14.7

0.0 -1.68 1.1 -0.41
7

4
6

200 200 240 200 200
7No

Kainit-___----___ C. S. Meal-Acid phosphate.. C. S. Meal______ Kainit__________
fertllizer_ i____

11.8 -5.0

-5.15
.

16.0
8

0.0-8 16.8 15.5 -1.3 -5.38
1.6.8
_ _

15.6
54

0.4 -4.04
___-

240 Acid phosphate-9
240

18.4
16.8
-____

2.5 -1.20
1.8 -4.73

10.7 -4.0
10.7

-6.68
9.05

Acid

phosphate--

-3.3
0.0
--

S 200 Kainit 200 C. S. Meal___
10 11 12~ 100
100

240 Acid

100 Kainit__
Kainit

phosphate-

16.8 13.2 16.8

2.7
_______

-3.35

13.3 12.6

-5.38
--

No fertilizer-----

240 acid phosphateNitrate of

-----soda/

3.6

-2.15

13.9

1.3

-4.21

HALE COUNTY, 1-

MILES SOUTHEAST OF

GREENSBORO.
P. A. TUJTWILER,

JR.-1914.

Gray sandy soil, with red clay subsoil. This land had been in cotton the two preceding years, each plot being fertilized as for corn this year. used at a financial loss. NitroAll fertilizers

were

172
gen slightly increased the yield, while phosphate and potash afforded no increase. This experiment with corn was made on the same plots on which exactly similar experiments with cotton were conducted both in 1912 and 1913. (See Alabama Station Bulletin No. 169, p. 20; and Bulletin No. 174, p. 161.) It is interesting to note that with cotton as well as with corn, the principal need of this soil was for nitrogen; that otton on these plots responded moderately.to potash; while corn was not helped by potash; and that phosphate on this soil one year afforded a slight increase, and another year no increase in the yield of cotton. MARENGO COUNTY, 2 MILES SOUTH OF DEMOPOLIS G. W. ALLEN --1914. Dark prairiesoil. The land on which this experiment was conducted had been planted to corn and cotton for many years. The stand was good. Dry weather the latter part of June damaged the experiment slightly. All fertilizers were used at a financial loss, except where cotton seed meal was applied alone. As shown in the table of increases cotton seed meal in every combination increased the yield of corn, the average increase being 3.9 bushels per acre; while practically all combinations the apparent effect of phosphate and kainit was slightly to decrease the yield.

173 Experiments in Marengo and Perry Counties.
1914
DEMOPOLIS

1914
HAMBURG

a)a

KIND OF
o

°N°N
+ o W

Z

FERTILIZER
*a

o 1 2 3. 4

~~

~

~

~
0

~ ~N
Bus.
31.6

f.0-y...,

5120(.S
6
7
8

Lbs. Bus. Bus. 200 Cotton seed meal 35.7 6.6 $ 2.94 240 Acid phosphate---27.0 -2.1 -3.57 No fertilizer -_ _ 29.1 -2. 200 Kainit__ -____ 24.9 -3.2 -4.28 205.S el 27.3 0.3 -4.41 lcid phosphate.. f73 el_,,240 031 200 C. S. Meal 26.7 0.7 -3.77
N o f e rti liz er - -- - - - - 24.9
Acid phosphate-200 Kainit--..200 C. S. Meal-----240 Acidphos phate 200 Kainit ---__-J 200 C. S. Meal----_240 Acid phosphate-240

Bus.
8.4

29 5 305 31.6 30.3 2 5. 3
5 5

6.3 6.8 7.3 5.5 . 5.0 6.7

$4.56 3.99
4.72 1.89 0.55 6 -1.58 0.65

-

--

23'8
2.2

-2.7

-5 -6.17

-

9 10 11

27.9 -0.1 29.7

30.0 31.6 233.7

0.1-5.29 -0.8

12

No fertilizer--3 240 Acid phosphate-100 Kainit----- ----30.3 100 Nitrate of soda J

-6.10

9.0

2.72

PBRRY COUNTY, 2 MILES EAST OF HAMBURG.

S. A. CRAw6FoR-1914.
Grayish prairie soil.. This prairie land had been long cleared, seventy five or more years. The preceding crop was cotton. A good stand was obtained on all plots. The largest increase 9.0 bushels per acre was obtained on Plot 12, fertilized as follows : 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. 100 pounds kainit per acre. 100 pounds nitrate of soda per acre. However, the largest profits were obtained where the fertilizer constituents were applied singly. In general, corn on this stiff lime land was in this dry
year comparatively unresponsive to commercial

lizers.

ferti-

174 LOWNDES COUNTY, 1 MILE SOUTHWEST OF LETOHATCHIE.
J. B.
MITCHELL,

JR.-1914.

Black prairie bottom land. The land on which this experiment was conducted had been in cultivation for many years. The preceding crop was cotton, preceded by corn. Although this typical prairie bottom was rich enough to produce, in an unfavorable year, 28 to 33 bushels of corn without fertilizers, yet it responded profitably to certain fertilizers. The largest increases, 17.5 and 17.2 bushels per acre were obtained respectively on Plots 9 and 10, both of which received a complete fertilizer. The largest net profit due to fertilizer, $11.40 per acre, was obtained on the plot fertilized with only cotton seed meal. In point of net profit this was closely followed by Plot 10, fertilized as follows: 200 pounds cotton seed meal per acre. 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. 100 pounds kainit per acre. As may be seen in the table of increases on page 182 cotton seed meal in every combination notable increased the yield; the average increase attributable to 200 pounds cotton seed meal was 8.5 bushels per acre; to 240 pounds acid phosphate 5.8 bushels; while kainit was apparently of slight advantage in a complete fertilizer, yet in most combinations it-failed to increase the yield. This is a character of land for which the popular fertilizer for cotton is kainit, used chiefly for its effect in minimizing injury from cotton rust.

175 Experiments in Lowndes and Elmore Counties.
1914 LETOHATCHSE 1913 ECLECTIC

o

~

KIND OF

No0

2

FERTILIZER

u

1 2
3 4 6 7 : 9 10

Lbs.

Bus.

Bus.

Bus.

Bus.

200 Cotton seed meal.. 240 Acid phosphate____ No fertilizer------200 Kainit__________ 200C.SMel 240 Acid phosphate 20C.SMel . S200 lKainit---------_j No fertilizer-______ 240 oa 200 IKainit---------4
200 C. S. Meal
-___-

44.0 38.0 28.0 32.0

16.0 $11.40 10.0 7.32 3.0 1.30

16.4 12.6 11.2 118

5.2 $1.68 1.4 -0.42 1.0 -0.50

5.4 0.18 44.0 14.0 7.92 15.8 36.0 5.0 0.10 21.7 11.8 6.22 3. . 32.0---------------9.5 38.0 5.7 2.05 9.9 -0.3 -3.35 .0 . 50.0 50.0
33.0

240 200 200 240
100

Acid phosphate Kainit____ __-__ C. S. Meal-)__ Acid phosphate-Kainit---------J

17.5 17.2
_-

9.67 10.10
-_

15.8 14.7
12.2

4.9 -1.67 3.2 -2.50

11
12

No fertilizer -____

200 Acid phosphate 100 Kainit._25.9 100 Nitrate of soda

-

13.7

6.95

ELMORE COUNTY, 3/4 MILE OF ECLECTIC W. A. PATTERSON 1913. Grey gravelly soil, with stiffer yellowish subsoil. This upland soil had been many years in cultivation. The' preceding crop was peanuts. In every combination nitrogen notably increased the yield, the average increase due to 200 pounds cotton seed meal being 6.3 bushels of corn per acre. Phosphate and kainit did not on the average increase the yield sufficiently to afford a profit. tained on Plot 12, which was fertilized as follows : 240 pounds acid phosphate per acre. 100 pounds kainit per acre. 100 pounds nitrate of soda per acre. Plot 12 also afforded the largest increase in yield, 13.7 bushels per acre; this was closely followed by Plot. 6, which gave an increase of 11.8 bushels per acre from the use of 200 pounds cotton seed meal and 200 pounds

.The

largest profit from fertilizers per acre was ob-

176

of kainit per acre. Nitrate of soda was much more effective and profitable than cotton seed meal. LEE COUNTY, 1- / MILES.-,EAST OF NOTASULGA. J. W. KIMBROUGH-1913. Gray sandy soil, with reddish subsoil. This upland had been incultivation as long as 50 years. The three preceding crops were cotton. The stand was fairly regular. The largest profit from fertilizers, $3.71 per acre; and the largest increase, 10.1 bushels per acre, was 240 pounds- acid phosphate per acre. 100' pounds kainit per acre. 100: pounds nitrate of soda per acre. Nitrogen was by far the most important fertilizer constituent, and was more .profitable in the form of nitrate of soda than of cotton seed meal.
C-C

tained on.Plot 12 fertilized

as

follows:

ob-

Experiments in Lee and Cof ee (ounties.
1913 NOTASULGA
' ! .. _ 'II i II.

81914 ENTERPRISE
1

ad

~ ~r O
O
ate

0

z
C

KIND OF FERTILIZER

C.

5

P

1 2 3

Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal 240 Ai'popae-

fertilizer No

___-

200 200 240 200 200 7 240 200 200 240 200200 240 100

-___ _ _ Kainit N. S. Meal Acid phosphate C. S. Meal

Bus. 26.6 23.5 20.8 23.1 21.5 24.4 19.5

Bus. 5.8 5.7 2.6 1.3 4.6 -3.9

$ 2.22
0.75 0.94 -3.51 -0.26 -6.59

Lbs. Lbs. $-3.99 18.9 18.3 -1 .7 -3.21 20.0 0.8 -0.68 20.8 -5.31 19.4 -0.7 18.3 20.2 20.6 0.5 -2.63 -1 .8 -6.02

No fertilizer---phosphate Kainit _ _ - ___

Acid

4 14.7
18.8

9.)
10)

C. S. Meal-___ Acid phosphate _
Kainit _
_-____

1.2 -5.00 -5.65

18.5-1.4- -7.34 18.1 19.6 20.4 0.8 -4.66 -1.7 -6.91

15.7 No fertilizer phosphate..240 10.1 -3. 25.8 -__ 100 Kainit 100 Nitrate of soda I I I-\n I I Kl-lc I K1~~

C. S. Meal___ Acid phosphate__ -Kainit

16.4 -0.3

Acid

----

)__

177 COFFEE COUNTY, 3-MILES-NORTH OF ENTERPRISE.
J.

W.

MEREDITH-1914.

Gray sandy loam with stiffer yellowsubsoil. On this upland field most.fertilizers under the conditions of this season seemed to have reduced the yield, and those causing an increase failed to be profitable. Experiment in Marengo County. LINDEN '1914
k0
N

KIND OF FERTILIZER KIND4
E E

Lbs.

1 21. 3 4. 5. 7
6

400 480400 400 480
400

Cotton seed meal Acid phosphate-19.3 No fertilizer,19.7 Kainit- -- - ---C. S. Meal Acid phosphate'
Kainit--

Bus. .32.1 ----28.6-8.6--1.06

Bus. 12.4 $ 5.16
0.4 -3.72

- --------

17.1 -2.7 -5.23 34.1 14.2 -3.42
8. -10

400

C. S. Meal---- - -- --?286 -

-7 480
400 9

400 480 400 400

No fertilizer Acid phosphate Kainit__- _____ -C. S. Meal-Acid phosphateKainit -_____ C. S. Meal Acid phosphate

r
---

-

---

-

20._ ----1 17.8 -2.3
32.7 12.7

-8.23

-0.73
1.22

10

11

1 200
480 200

480

--- -- - - -- ---

30.6

10.6

KainitAcid Kainit

-- _ -

No fertilizer---

121
1

phosphate

------

-

19.9

- - - - - 11.9 -0.05

209

Nitrate of soda

)

----------31.8

MARENGO COUNTY, 2 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
LINDEN.

J. T. SCoGIN-1914. Typical black "post--oak-soil" with stiff yellowish subsoil. The original growth was oak, hickory and short leaf pine. After being out of cultivation for a number of years this field was cultivated the past six years chiefly in cotton. By mistake, twice as much of each fertilizer was applied as directions required. It is probably partly on

178
this account that while most combinations of fertilizers increased the yield to a notable extent still there were only two plots which afforded a profit, namely: Plot 1, which received cotton seed meal and Plot 5, which received a mixture of meal and acid phosphate. These profits due to fertilizers were respectively, $5.16 and $3.42 per acre. The largest increase, 14.2 bushels, was on Plot 5, fertilized with 400 pounds cotton seed meal per acre and 480 pounds of acid phosphate. As may be seen from the table of increases on page 182 the average increase due to 400 pounds of cotton seed meal was 13.3 bushels of corn per acre; to 480 pounds acid phosphate only 1.5 bushels; on the kainit plots there was uniformly a decrease in yield, the average loss from 400 pounds of kainit being 2.5 bushels. In HALE COUNTY, 2-1/ mies north of Newbern, an experiment conducted by B. L. Allen in 1913 proved inconclusive because of the extreme damage done by dry weather. (See page 180). An experiment conducted by S. A. Crawford, 2 miles East of Hamburg, PERRY COUNTY, in 1913, proved inconclusive because of lack of uniformity in the land as shown by the check plots. (See page 180). In ELMORE COUNTY, Mitchell Pittman conducted an experiment in 1912, 4 miles North of Tallassee. It proved inconclusive because of a poor stand of corn. (See page 180). In BARBOUR COUNTY, an experiment conducted by L. B. Green in 1914, 2-1/2 miles North of Eufaula, proved inconclusive because of damage from drouth. (See page 180). An inconclusive experiment was conducted by W. A. Slay, in 1914, 1-%3 miles Northwest of Dothan in HOUSTON COUNTY, the results of which suggest that, in this dry year, nitrogen was the only fertilizer constituent which increased the yields and that its increase was not sufficient to afford a profit. (See page 180). in MOBILE COUNTY an experiment was conducted near Irvington by the Irvington Land Company, (H. B. Mic'ael, Mgr.) in 1913. It proved inconclusive because of lack of uniformity of soil. (See page 181). In BALDWIN COUNTY, an experiment conducted in 1914, by Mrs. F. J. Arnold, 3-1/ miles East of Bay Min-

179 ette, proved inconclusive because the soil was not uniform. (See page 181). An experiment was conducted by T. Lee Porter, 6 miles Northeast of Carson near Leroy in WASHINGTON COUNTY, in 1911. It proved inconclusive because the soil was not uniform and the damage done by a wind storm in August. (See page 181). In CHOCTAW COUNTY, an experiment conducted by W. R. Christopher; near Naheola, in 1912.proved inconclusive. (See page 181). In CHOCTAW COUNTY, J. D. Mason, one mile north of Silas, conducted an experiment in 1913. The results were inconclusive because of want.of uniformity in the yields of the unfertilized plots. (See page

181).

Inconclusive Experiments in Hale,
1913 B. L. Allen
NEWBERN
0

Perry, Elmore, Barbour and.Houston Counties.
1912 Mitchell Pittman,
TALLASSEE
0
U)y

1913 S. A. Crawford
HAMBURG

1914
L. B.

Green
0
-

W.A. Slay
DOTIIAN
C

1914

EUFAULA
0

N

aV

0.

0 0 .

KIND OF00NNON
o
4-J.-

Z

FERTILIZERN
U '~d

u
U

o
B
)a. ..o- c
V 't

Q
d c

oa..c i

B.

.

-. + H

4 .

________

A.

N

+

a

H

1 2
3

Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal__ .240 Acid phosphate___No fertilizer-_____.

Bus 4.3 3.1
3.3

Bus. 1.0 -0.2
-

Bus. 50.3 45.4
46.0

----0.7
-1.8

Bus. 4.3 -0.6

Bus. 10.2 10.0

7.4

Bus. 2.8 2.6
-

Bus. 7.8 5.7

Bus. 4.6

3.2

2.5
0.8
1.6 2.0

Bus. 10.3 8.0
11.6 12.6

4
5f

200 Kainit.-__200
.

--- __-_ _

8.17.9.

Bus. 2.2 -0.1 -10
1.8 2.0

C. S. Meal--

6
7

240 Acid phosphate-200 C. S. Meal

-

3.3
3.0

0.1
-0.2

39.0
31.6

6.5
11.1

-0.3
5.0 3.7

3.6
4.0 3.9

------ .3.5
3.0

No fertilize--_-_

------0.4

0.4
0.2

27.2
19.7 14.3

0.2

9.2

20.74.8.-----------11.4

S2400Ainit--------te 20Kii_____
20 240

Acid phosphate.S
Kainit-------C. S.

el--9

3.0 2.3
-

2.2 0.1

3.6 6.9

-0.7 3.0

3.1
.5.2

1.3
.3.1

9.1
14.3

-3.3
.1.0

10
11

(200

Meal 240 Acid phosphate..
200 100

---

3.0
2.3

0.5

9.1
7.7

-1.9

5.6
2.9

2.2

5.8
26---------2.

3.5

15.8
15.2
_--

1.5
_ -

Kainit -----No fertilizer--_

------0.7

----6.6

-------6.2

2
12

240 Acid phosphate)
10

100

Kainit---------Nitrate of soda-_

3.0

14.3

9.1

8.1

5.5.

25.7

10.5

,,

Inconclusive_Experiments in Mobile, Ba,Idwin, Wash inAton and.Choctaw Counties.
1913 Irvington Land Co.
IRVINGTON
)

1914 Mrs. F. J.
BAY MINE
,C-

1911 T. L. Porter
LEROY
0
C. )..

1912 W. R. Christopherj
NAHEOLA
O a)

J. D., Mason
SILAS

1903

~ ~FERTILIZER
C.,S.

°

6
°

h;'

KIND OF

.N I .I

oN
a)c

C

°
a)

PCC k

.8O. O

~

.a .N

C V
"0)

OC)
a) U

I
ia) a)

-e
C.) C

C

~
C

1 2 3 4

Lbs. 200 240, 200 200 240 200 200

Acid

Meal-.,
Phosphate

-_

No fertilizer____
Kainit _
C. S.

1

11 12

26.3 Acid Phosphate _ C. S. Meal..-___ 28.4 Kainit No fertilizer---22.2 240 Acid Phosphate 12.3 200 Kainit -- _-__ )-200 C. S. Meal-Phosphate240 28.9-- - -) 200 Kainit _ )_ 200 C. S. 16.5 240 Acid Phosphate_ 100 Kainit_ __ __ No fertilizer- _ - 11.3 240 Acid Phosphate_ 100 Kainit--------_ 100 Nitrate Soda (late)

Meal_-

----

Bus. 28.1 26.3 25.3 24.7

Bus.
2.8

1.0 02 2.5 5.4 -7.2 12.1 2.5

Bus. 24.6 24.8 24.3 25.1 23.8 26.4 28.2 22 2 21.7 22.3 18.9

h0 , II I Bus. 0.3 05 -0.2 -2.5 -0.8 -3.7

U

O

Bus. 19.5 23:.7 21.6

Bus. - 2.1 2.1
--

174

25 8 221.1 19.0 23.2 29.5

36 5.5 2.4 5.1

Bus. 16.2 17 7 16.9 16.9 14.7 14.0 16.9 16.2 17.3 15.9 10.3

Bus. -0.7 0.8 0.0 -2..2: -2.9 0.9 S3.7 3.9

Bus. 19..0 13.0 16.1 17.3 20.1 17.3 15.3 12.1. 13.7 13.1 10.8

Bus. -3.1 1.4 4.4 1.8

Acid

12.3 13.3

.0.6 1.2

Meal

-

1.1

29.5 15..3

15.3

4.0

33.3

14.4

24.2

8.9

10.3

0.0

16.5

5.7

Increase in bushels of corn per acre attributable to 200 pounds cotton seed meal, 240 pounds acid
~ r ~r l~~

phosphate and 200 pounds kainit per~IIJ1 ULL-IIW~L I.IL~L 1~ 1 ~ 11.~~ ~~~II 1 1 L. acre, respectively. U.\JI~I ~~L~ILI) Ir~lL Y~I\I IIII I I
Increase by adding cotton seed meal II
"0
r t a)l

Conclusive experiments.
Increase by adding kainit
cui

Increase by adding acid phosphate
a)

LOCALITY

"0 J

Inco

a)o
'-N ''

pNo

son aa

a)

a).,

bya) IhosN

N '' O a-

Ord O0

CO

r

a).

-c/)

In-t o

In.

v Bus. Bus. Leroy-Pelham 1912 4.2 -3.6 Leroy-Pelham_19131 13.7 0.3 Robertsdale-Cooper 1914 -0.1 0.0 Nokomis-Rhodes 1914 2.9 2.6 Atmore-Jones_ 1911 4.8 7.6 Atmore-McNeiI 1913 7.1 0.9 CanoeGerman_ 1912 2.7 2.5 Evergreen-McCrory 1912' -1.7 -3.5 Geneva-G. C. H. S. 1913 5.0 6.1 Headland-Ward 1912 4.4 1.7 Slocomb-Levis 1911 4.6 4.1 Headland-Knowles-1911 0.9 7.8 7.2 BrnyElsLuverne-Turner --- 1912 16.6 -0.4 1914 2.7 Enterprise- Harry --- 1911 -2.6 10.2 Elba-Windham 1913 1.3 -1.6 Naheola-Christopher1911 5.7 2.5 sboro-Tutwiler_ 1914 1.7 1.7 Demopolis-Allen 1914 6.6 2.4 Hamburg- Crawford_- 1914 8.4 1.0 Letohatchie Mitchell _ 1914 16.0 4.0 Eclectic-Patterson_1913 5.2 4.0 Notasulga-Kimbrough 1913 5.8 -1.4 Linden-Scogin_-_- 1914 12.4 14.6 Enterprise-Meredith--1914 --1.1 1.0 r I.-~_II 1

hnr

\I

-\

-

_-__

Green

---

Bus. -3.0 1.6 -0.6 1.2 2.0 -0.1 1.2 0.0 7.2 1.5 3.1 -2.2 94 3.8 5.0 5.1 3.7 -0.7 3.9 -1.3 2.0. 10.8 2.0 11.3 -2.6

~- I rii iu Bus. Bus. Bus. Bus..Bus. 1.4 2.6 -5.2 -1.6 0.3 5.0 2.4 0.1 -13.3 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.9 -1.4 0.7 -1.7 -2.1 6.0 2.1 -5.2 5.1 -0.7 1.3 0.0 -6.2-3.8 2.3 6.7 1.5 1.3 3..0 3.3 3.5 -2.2 0.4 4.9 -4.8 2.1 7.0 1.7 5.1 5.9 2.4 1.9 0.0 '-2.7 -0.7 3.1 4.3 1.7 0.7 4.8 2.8 4.8 0.8 7.7 -3.4 3.7 9.2 5.6 -- 3.8 5.3 2.8 2.2 -0.4 -3.5 1.1 2. 1 0.1 3.7 12.9 7.2 4.2 2.3 -2.5 -5.4 4.8 -0.7 -0.1 -2.5 5.7 6.5 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 -5.1 2.6 3.9 -2.1 -6.3 0.5 -0.3 2.0 6.3 -- 1.1 -1.5 11.8 8.5 10.0 -- 2.0 2.7 5.2 6.3 1.4 0.2 -1.3 5.1 2.9 2.7 -4.5 -6.5 15.0 13.3 -0.4 1.8 0.4 --1.9 -1.2 -1.7 0.4 -0.3 I r I I II I I I

I

I

I

Nd

I

-1.1

Bus. 2.8 0.3 1.8 -2.6 -1.2 -2.4 8.5 1.4 -3.4 -0.3 -0.7
3,6

-0.4 -0.9 4.3 3.9 3.1 -3.7 -0.8 -0.5 12.5 -6.9 -3.4 4.1 0.4 --~

Bus. -0.4 -3.7 07 -2.0 -1.3 -3.1 3.6 0.5 2.8 -0.9 2.5 2.2 1.7 -0.9 6.1 0.2 32 -2.2 -2.2 0.8 5.8 -1.4 -2.9 1.5 -. 03 I

Bus. 2.0 0.7 0.2 1.5 4.9 0.9 0.5 -4.0 -0.6 1.3 2.7 5.4 -3.8 -1.3 0.7 -8.5 -5.0 1.1 -3.2 6.8 3.0 1 .0 2.6 -2.7 0.8

Bus. -5.2 -12.8 -0.3 -0.2 2.1 -6.3 -1.0 -2.3 1.6 1.6 1.2 2.3 -11.0 0.2 8.3 -4.7 4.4 -1.3 -5.5 -2.9 -11.0 6.6 -1.2 -3.8 -0.7 ---

Bus. -2.2 -1.7 0.4 0.8 0.4 -2.9 2.0 57 -4.8 0.6 -0.4 1.2 -4.1 0.2 7.8 -1.2 5.0 -4.0 -0.6
--

1.0

-4,3 -1.7 --6.6 -1.9 2.2

Bus. Bus. 2.8 -0.7 0.2 -3.8 0.4 0.3 -1.1 -1.2 1.6 -2.5 -2.7 6.2 1.9 -1.3 -0.5 -8.8 -3.2 0.8 0.4 -3.8 -0.1 -1.8 1.8 -7.6 -6.6 2.4 0.3 - 0.3 4.1 4.6 -2.5 1.8 1.6 -5 0 -2.3 -0.4 -2.5 -2.3 0.2 -2.2 35 -0.5 1.4 -0.1 -1.3 2.5 -1.5 -0.7 0.4