CIRCULAR FEBRUARY 184 1971 Factors Affecting Visitation to LAK MARTIN Outdoor Recreation Sites Agricultural Experiment Station AUBURN UNIVERSITY E. V. Smith, Director/Auburn, Alabama CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION-AREA OF STUDY METHODOLOGY PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS Noncampers - - - - - - - -- - - - - - --- - - - - 3 5------ 7-9------9----------- Cam pers ------------------- -------10 10-------- Campers and Noncampers --------SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS 11-----11-------- Bana Park Wind Creek Park-----------------------------------13 Summ ary of Park Visitation---------------------------14 ALTERNATIVE AREAS AND SITES -------------------------- 15 Lake Lake Jo rdan -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 15 Mitch ell-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - 16 Island------------------------------------17 C astaway Pleasure Point Park----------------------------------18 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ---------------------------- 18 A PP END IX-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 FIRST PRINTING 3M, FEBRUARY 1971 Factors Affecting Visitation to Lake Martin Outdoor Recreation Sites E. W. McCOY and J. R. BOX 2 INTRODUCTION PANNING FOR FUTURE needs in outdoor recreation has become an objective of state and local government. The Federal govern ment has maintained an interest in providing outdoor recreation facilities since the introduction of National Parks by Theodore Roosevelt, but there has been less interest at lower governmental levels. Introduction of the Land and Water Conservation fund in the last decade, with its cost sharing provisions, increased state and local participation. Reports by the outdoor Recreation Resources Review Committee and Bureau of Outdoor Recreation indicate that by the turn of the century there will be two- and three-fold increases in demand for some outdoor recreation activities.3 These studies give a regional description of the activities in which individuals participate, how much they participate, when they participate, and what increases in participation are expected in the future. Every state has or is developing a statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan. All state reports indicate increased participation in outdoor recreational activities. These reports must be continuously updated so that changing conditions can be incorporated in the structural planning. Among various outdoor recreational activities available in Alabama are those associated with water. Preliminary analysis indicates that water based activities rank high in the interests of the 1 Work in this study was conducted under project, Alabama 1-037, Comprehensive State Outdoor Recreation Plan, J. H. Blackstone, Project Leader. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, and former research assistant, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, now Agricultural Economist, Dairy Branch, C&MS-USDA, Washington, D.C. BUREAU OF OUTDOOR RECREATION. 1967. Outdoor Recreation Trends. De- partment of the Interior. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. general population as shown by the percentage of population participating and number of user activity days.4 An estimated 476,000 Alabama residents were participating in boating in Alabama during 1967. By 1980 participation is projected to increase to 797,000 individuals, for a 67 per cent increase in the boating population. During this same time period, activity occasions of such water based activities as swimming, fishing, and water skiing are all also projected to increase. Upon completion of impoundments under construction in 1970, Alabama will have in excess of 600,000 acres of inland water.5 According to estimated population statistics, this will provide approximately 1 acre of surface water for each six individuals. Several questions arise in connection with water related, outdoor recreational activities. How large is the surrounding area served by a particular site on an impoundment? Where do people live who visit the site? What activities do these visitors prefer? The recreational activities located at water based sites are usually those involving the whole family. However, certain facilities may be designed for different age groups. In choosing a site to visit it was theorized that the family considered: (1) time available for the recreation experience; (2) distance to and from the site - may be implicitly recognized in item 1; (3) the cost associated with visiting alternative sites; and (4) the anticipated utility derived from each alternative site. One would expect a site to draw most of its patrons from the surrounding area. Knetch found that 89 per cent of the visitors at Buford Reservoir, located just outside Atlanta, came from a radius of less than 50 miles. 6 Certainly the proximity of Atlanta, with its large population, was related to the high percentage of participation from within the 50-mile radius. How would the visitation distance scale appear if the site were not so near a large metropolitan center? Certainly at some point, which may vary with individuals, distance to the site becomes a major variable affecting incidence of frequentation. If a family 1970. Demand for Outdoor Rec* ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION. reation in Alabama. Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Dept. Auburn, Ala. 6 ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION. 1970. Alabama's Resources as Re- lated to Outdoor Recreation. Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Dept. Auburn, Ala. s KNETCH, JACK L. 1965. "Potentials of Water-Based Recreation," Conference on Water Resources and Economic Development in the South. Atlanta, Ga. [4] wishes to camp and no facilities are located close to home, how far will the family travel to find suitable camping facilities? Specific activities offered is another variable that would be expected to affect the incidence of frequentation at a site. One with a variety of recreational activities available should attract greater visitation than a single purpose site. A third variable affecting participation at a site was theorized to be administration. For example, the site's entrance policy could create artificial barriers that would shift the effect of the other variables. One such barrier would be a membership fee. A membership fee would create a dual decision process. The family decision makers would be forced to evaluate their long range indifference function at the beginning of the recreation season. If they thought their total recreational benefits derived from participation at the site would exceed the membership fee plus travel and other costs then they would become members. For a public site the decision would be made on a trip-by-trip basis even if an entrance charge were made. Conceivably a family might pay more in entrance fees to a public facility than the membership fee at a private facility. AREA OF STUDY To fully understand why one site is visited more frequently than another, it is necessary to view the total recreational array available to the participant. Each site or area may naturally cater to one section of the market. For example, a steep shoreline with limited access may represent a desirable location for those interested primarily in fishing but be unsuited for other water based recreation. Visitation to any outdoor recreation site will be modified by the presence or absence of competing and complementary sites. The location of alternative sites as well as the facilities at these sites must be considered. The east-central portion of Alabama was selected as the study area, Figure 1. The area included the population centers of Birmingham and Montgomery, as well as numerous smaller cities and towns. The Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers bisect the area. The Coosa River has been impounded by the Alabama Power Company at Lakes Lay, Mitchell, and Jordan within the area. Logan Martin Lake on the Coosa is also within the area but was not included in the study. Because of its location, Logan Martin Lake was not considered as an alternate water source for both population centers. [5] Auburn Montgomery FIG. 1. The east-central Alabama study area is illustrated by this map. Lake Martin, the largest of the Alabama Power Company lakes, is located on the Tallapoosa River within the area of study. Two small lakes with limited recreational potential are also located on the Tallapoosa between Lake Martin and Montgomery. An inventory of all recreational facilities on the Alabama Power Company lakes was compiled by the Alabama Power Company. Information from the inventory plus on-site inspection of each lake was used to determine recreational use of the lakes in. the area. Following the survey of all areas, two were selected for in-depth study: Wind Creek Park and Bama Park located on Lake Martin. These parks had essentially the same recreational facilities and were located approximately the same distance from major population centers. [6] .south, Several reasons were prevalent for selecting Wind Creek Park and Bama Park as sites for comparison. First, there was a seasonal family membership fee for Bama Park. Once the fee was paid, swimming and general use of the area had no further direct cost attached. There was no entrance fee for visiting Wind Creek Park. Fees were levied for boat launching, camping, and the use of dressing rooms, but there was no fee for swimming, fishing, and dancing at the pavilions at Wind Creek. Secondly, the proximity of the two sites was a factor in selection. The two sites are separated by approximately 30 miles of land. Assuming accessibility to affect the incidence of visitation at the two parks, most of the individuals utilizing Bama Park would be expected to come from the area south and east of the park. These areas had the best road access to this site. The roads west of Bama Park were hilly and curved, which might affect the incidence of utilization from the area west of the park. Wind Creek Park was accessible by good roads from the north, and west. Eastern visitors had to go around the bulk of the lake to reach the park. This increased distance might have affected the incidence of visitation by individuals from the southeastern and south-central portions of the State. Both parks offered essentially the same outdoor recreational activities to the summer visitor. Among the major activities offered at both were swimming, boating, water skiing, fishing, picnicking, and sun bathing. Small but well equipped concession stands for supplies were available at both sites. Thus, the general base of the study was related to two sites, one open and one restricted. Two questions were formulated: Did the market area differ for the two sites, and did recreational participation differ between the two sites? METHODOLOGY A sample of dates for interviewing was selected by a table of random numbers. The sample day was divided into four time periods and time of interview was selected from a table of random permutations of numbers. On the interview date all parties present at the site were interviewed. One individual from each group was interviewed for the entire group. Size of the party was ascertained. In addition, secondary data regarding the home location of all campers and those [7] noncampers who rented recreational facilities, such as picnic tables, were determined from registration forms. For analysis, a series of 25-mile radii were drawn around each site. County boundaries were used as the extremity of each radius since secondary data were unavailable for smaller units. If 50 per cent or more of a county was contained within the radius, the en- FIG. 2. Radii and quadrants used in analysis of Lake Martin recreational visita- tion are identified by this map. [8] tire county was considered to be within the radius. Additionally, the State was divided with the intersection at the midpoint of the first radius, Figure 2. The radius per capita income and population are listed in Appendix Table 1. The figures for radius 4 were not included since they included all persons living distances beyond 75 miles. The quadrants were arbitrarily numbered to facilitate analysis. Number I was the northeast quadrant, Number II the northwestern, Number III the southwestern, and Number IV the southeastern. The population and per capita income by quadrants are presented in Appendix Table 2. PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS The analysis was divided into two parts: (1) analysis of sample data regarding the interviews from visitors at the site, and (2) analysis of secondary data pertaining to all fee paying visitors to the site. The individuals interviewed were divided into two groups, campers and noncampers. Noncampers A total of 56 parties of noncampers was interviewed. Of these, 44 parties representing 218 individuals were at Wind Creek Park. The noncampers traveled an average of 1 hour and 10 minutes to reach the site. The majority came from the 25- to 30-mile radii. After reaching the park the parties remained an average of 6 hours and 58 minutes. The average recreational outing thus lasted over 9 hours. The recreational visitors were queried regarding the activities TABLE 1. PERCENTAGE OF NONCAMPERS EXPRESSING PREFERENCES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES AT WIND CREEK PARK AND BAMA PARK, 1968 Activity Noncamper preference First Per cent Swimming Fishing Boating Picnicking Carpet golf Sun bathing Water skiing Relaxing Sightseeing Wading 64 2 4 7 0 7 7 7 0 2 Second Per cent 20 9 11 30 0 2 28 0 0 0 Third Per cent 2 4 0 30 2 5 55 0 2 0 Total Per cent 86 15 15 67 2 14 90 7 2 2 [9] in which they intended to engage at the site. For activities mentioned, they were requested to list three preferences. Ninety per cent of the noncampers listed water skiing as one of their three preferences, Table 1. Swimming was ranked first by 64 per cent of the noncampers. Swimming, picnicking, and water skiing were the day activities preferred by the noncampers. SThe noncamper parties averaged almost five persons per group. There were numerous large families and multiple family groups. Campers The 112 camping parties interviewed were arbitrarily assigned camping as their first preference. The campers traveled an average of 3 hours and 29 minutes to reach the site, an average distance of 120 miles, and remained there approximately 612 days. The median stay lasted from Sunday afternoon through the following Sunday morning, although numerous parties camped from Friday evening until the following Sunday afternoon. Camper parties averaged slightly more than 5 individuals and ranged from 2 to 24. Aside from camping, the camper parties indicated swimming as their preferred activity, Table 2. Their second preference was fishing, with boating ranked third. TABLE 2. PERCENTAGE OF CAMPERS EXPRESSING PREFERENCES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES AT WIND CREEK PARK AND BAMA PARK, 1968 Activity Camper preference First Per cent Swimming -- Second Per cent 42 Third Per cent 35 25 0 16 7 Total Per cent 77 0 Fishing - Camping ........................... Boating Picnicking Carpet golf Sun bathing Water skiing Dancing Relaxing Sightseeing 0 100 0 0 33 0 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 4 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 58 0 29 8 1 2 12 1 5 2 Rock collecting 0 1 4 5 Campers and Noncampers Of the 168 campers and noncampers interviewed at Wind Creek Park and Bama Park, approximately 67 per cent of the [10] TABLE 3. CAMPER AND NONCAMPER COMPOSITE PREFERENCES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES AT WIND CREEK PARK AND BAMA PARK, 1968 Activity First Per cent Swimming ..--------------....... 21 Fishing--------------1 Camping-------------67 Boating.-------------1 Picnicking .----------2 Carpet golf------_0 Sun bathing --------- 2 Hiking ------------ - Preference Second Third Per cent Per cent 35 22 25 16 0 0 12 10 11 16 0 1 1 3 0 0 Total Per cent 78 42 67 23 29 1 6 0 0 ---Water skiing Dancing-----------Relaxing-------------Sightseeing Rock collecting ------------Wading 3 0 2 0 0 1 12 0 2 1 1 0 26 1 1 1 3 0 41 1 5 2 4 1 parties were campers. The proportion of campers interviewed should not be interpreted as the actual proportions at the site at any time. If the proportions are valid, it would be coincidental and not based on sample design. Considering the composite sample, swimming was the most popular activity, followed by camping, fishing, and water skiing, Table 3. SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS The number of persons interviewed at Bama Park during the preselected sample time periods was not sufficient for complete analysis. In many instances, no recreational visitors were present during the sampling periods. The number of recreational visitors at Wind Creek Park varied with day of the week and time of day the interviewers were at the site. Campers were present during all sampling periods. Bama Park Secondary data regarding the home location of Bama Park members were ascertained from park records. The radius and quadrant location of members is indicated in Appendix Tables 3 and 4. The majority of the membership lived south and east of the park, which verified the hypothesis regarding road access to the area. Most of the members lived within the 50-mile radius from the park. This radius contained approximately five times [11] the population of the 25-mile radius; however, most of the radius population was located north of the park. The membership beyond 50 miles from the site was very limited in relationship to the large population areas located in the, third and fourth radii, Figure 3. Based on limited data available from the membershiptype park, it was hypothesized that the scope of membership was FIG. 3. The shaded area represents Bama Park's primary market area in 1968. [12] highly dependent upon two factors. First, the location of the park with respect to population, and second, access to the site. The relatively large Montgomery market apparently was excluded from the park because of the difficult road access. The smaller Auburn-Opelika market utilized the site because access was easier and repeated trips at minimal cost could be made. Since the location of natural resources is semi-fixed, a membership type recreational enterprise based on volume must be located on good access roads relatively close to large population centers. Individual decision makers will forego the membership fee unless they anticipate enough recreational visits to minimize their recreational expenditure. This analysis assumes the membership. fee is instituted as a profit maximizing decision. Membership fees imposed for other purposes require different analysis and were not considered. Wind Creek Park Primary and secondary data regarding the home location of visitors were ascertained for Wind Creek Park. The radius and quadrant location of these visitors is indicated in Appendix Tables 5 and 6. The majority of all visitors lived north and west of the park. This verified the assumption that good road access from the north would increase participation from that area. The larger population in this direction also influenced visitation. The major market area for Wind Creek Park is shown in Figure 4. Visitors to Wind Creek Park were subdivided into campers and noncampers. Most of the campers came from north and west of the park and from beyond 75 miles from the site. With respect to the relative populations, there were many more campers from within the State but beyond 75 miles from the site. As distance from the site increased up to the State borders, the number of campers per capita at Wind Creek Park increased. The noncamper participants also came from north and west of the park; however, the majority came from the 50-mile radius. On a per capita basis, the highest visitation was from the 25-mile radius. As distance from the site increased the per capita noncamper visitations decreased. Noncamper activities at the sites were restricted to day use. Round trip travel utilized a portion of the time available. With increasing distance the amount of time available for recreational activities at the site was reduced. [13] FIG. 4. 1968. The shaded area represents Wind Creek Park's primary market area in Summary of Park Visitation The market area for the membership park was restricted by terrain and accessibility. The probability of multiple visits to the site decreased with increasing distance to the site. For nearby residents the membership fee represented a means of minimizing [14] recreational fee payments since multiple visits ultimately reduced the average cost below fee payments at alternate sites. Market area for the open park was to the north and west because of good access and population concentration. The market area for campers extended beyond the State boundaries, and number of campers per capita increased with increasing distance up to 100 miles from the park. For noncampers, the market area was in the same geographic direction as the camper market; however, it was nestled around the site. Per capita visitation of noncampers decreased with increasing distance from the site for the entire distance range studied. ALTERNATIVE AREAS AND SITES Visitation to the selected sites was also influenced by availability of alternate recreational sites. Visits were made to many of the recreational sites in east-central Alabama to determine the amount of visitation they received. The following areas and sites offer a synopsis of alternative water sites in the area. Lake Jordan Lake Jordan, an Alabama Power Company lake, is located approximately 20 miles north of Montgomery. The Alabama Power Company has recently completed construction on Jordan Dam raising the water level between 7 and 8 feet. This construction created a new lake, Lake Jordan No. 2, just west of Alabama Highway 111 with a new dam at the base of the new lake. Theoretically, recreation participants would travel to the nearest area where water oriented recreational facilities were located. The closer a site is located to an individual's residence, the less time spent in reaching it and the more time left for engaging in actual recreational activities while away from home. However, from observation and inquiring at the lake, it was determined that access to Lake Jordan was rather difficult unless the recreationing individual had access to a cabin on the lake. There were several places for boaters to launch (one State administered free access area and several fish camps open to the public at which a launch could be accomplished for a nominal fee); however, the boater or water skier had no place to dock on the shore of the lake unless he went to a cabin or a launch area. The water in the lake was as clean and clear as that of Lake Martin. However, it was assumed that the major reason people from the immediate area did not visit the lake more was because [15] no public recreational areas were developed beyond the semiprimitive state. Lake Mitchell Lake Mitchell is approximately 40 miles north of Montgomery and 70 miles south of Birmingham. It forms the county division line between Chilton and Coosa counties. Driving time was 1 hour and 35 minutes from Montgomery and just over 2 hours from Birmingham. Construction on Mitchell Dam was started in 1921 and completed in 1923. The impounded lake has 147 miles of shoreline and 5,850 acres of water. There were an estimated 453,000 man-day-visits made to Lake Mitchell during 1967. This represented the lowest visitation rate, according to Alabama Power Company statistics, to any of that company's lakes. The low visitation was believed to be caused by limited access to the lake. There were two free access areas on the Coosa County side of the lake. The surrounding shoreline of the lake is steep, and thick forests are prevalent. This may account for lack of development. Due to the primitive state of the surrounding shoreline, a State Wildlife Management area, consisting of 39,000 acres of hunting preserve, is located on the eastern section of the lake. The land within the hunting preserve is privately owned by Alabama Power Company and administered by the Alabama State Department of Conservation. Hunting required purchase of a management area permit for deer and turkey. The lake was primarily a fishing lake as evidenced by the more than 20 fish camps on the lake and on the Coosa River immediately below the dam. There were no areas where outdoor recreation for other water oriented sports, including camping and picnicking, were in any stage of advanced development. These activities were permitted at several of the fishing camps but no specific developed areas were available. Two proprietors of fish camps were interviewed regarding the origin of visitors. Both indicated Jefferson County, and more specifically the Birmingham area, provided most of their business. One volunteered that visitors from the Montgomery area comprised less than 5 per cent of his total trade. Lake Jordan was more convenient for Montgomery fishermen traveling north, being about half the distance to Lake Mitchell. [16] Castaway Island Castaway Island on Lake Martin was another of the alternative locations visited in reviewing recreational sites, Figure 5. The site is located on Kowaliga Bay approximately 3 miles west of Martin Dam. Castaway Island did not have as large a land area as either Wind Creek Park or Bama Park, but facilities were 0 0 0 Castaway Island Bama Park Pleasure Point Park Wind reek Park FIG. 5. Lake Martin recreational sites are identified on this map. [17] available for swimming, boating, water skiing, and fishing. There was a restaurant and fishing supply store located at the site. Picnic tables were erected in the restaurant area and could be rented on a daily basis. There was no admission charge to the site. Use of facilities, however, did require a fee. Two well-kept boat launching facilities were located there. Pleasure Point Park Pleasure Point Park on Lake Martin is a private park located on the extreme end of Pace Peninsula, off Alabama Highway 49, approximately 5 miles southwest of Dadeville. The park consisted of 37 acres, with 2 miles of shoreline offering the visitor camping, picnicking, swimming, fishing, and boating. The site was still under development in some areas but was scheduled to be completed within the following 2 years. Upon completion, the site will offer approximately 300 individual camp sites with each site having its own leveling pad, electrical connections, and water hydrants. Water access areas will be provided for campers not immediately situated on the water front. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS A study of visitation to water based outdoor recreation sites in east-central Alabama was undertaken. It was hypothesized that facilities, administration, access population, and distance from the site would influence participation. Two sites on Lake Martin were selected for study, Wind Creek Park and Bama Park. The sites were similar since both were located on the same reservoir and had essentially the same outdoor recreation facilities: boat ramps and servicing facilities, concession stands and a country store, picnic tables, and swimming beaches. Both sites had facilities for tent and trailer camping. Road access to the sites were not similar. One site had relatively easy access to a U.S. highway, whereas the other was reached by traveling numerous county and state roads. One site was open to the public, but the other was restricted to members. The open site with good access had a more extensive market in that participants came from a larger radius and area than the membership park. The membership park's market area was quite close to the site. [18] The availability of public facilities stretched the market area for the park beyond the State boundaries. Camper visitors increased in relation to population up to the 75-mile range. Noncampers decreased with respect to population as distance from the site increased. Results of the study indicate that two distinct types of outdoor recreation are occurring. The first type can be classified as day use and the second as overnight. Essentially the same recreational activities occur within each type but without the same preference. Travel for day use limits time available for recreation, although including a picnic lunch can extend the time at the site. Overnight users are not limited by immediate time constraints and can engage in recreational activities at a leisurely pace. There may be an ideal mix of recreational facilities that will increase day use by the surrounding population and attract substantial numbers of overnight guests from greater distances While additional study is required to establish exact relationships influencing outdoor recreation visitation to a particular site, several general conclusions can be advanced. First, to extend the range of visitation, overnight facilities must be available. Second, a variety of facilities must be available since visitors desire to engage in many activities during each trip. Third, a membership basis for financing park operations requires a large surrounding population as a source for members. Study is required to determine the feasibility of developing any recreational site. Based on the study of the two sites on Lake Martin, the developer should give consideration to: (1) location of the site with respect to population, (2) road access to the site, (3) type of fee system applicable, and (4) the mix of recreational facilities to be built at the site. [19] APPENDIX APPENDIX TABLE 1. AROUND POPULATION AND PER CAPITA INCOME, PARK, BY DISTANCE RADII WIND CREEK PARK AND BAMA ALABAMA, 1960, 1965 Radius distance Population 1960 1965 Number Number 80,500 437,301 Per capita income 1960 1965 Dollars 1,170 1,439 Dollars 1,523 1,914 25-mile--------------- 76,257 425,313 50-mile---------------75-mile_______________. 988,772 1,011,564 1,856 2,343 APPENDIX TABLE 2. POPULATION AND PER CAPITA INCOME, BY QUADRANTS CENTERED ON WIND CREEK PARK AND BAMA PARK, ALABAMA, 1960, 1965* Quadrant Population 1960 Number 211,501 808,655 333,902 136,284 1965 Number 214,007 826,100 345,556 143,702 Per capita income 1960 Dollars 1,434 1,990 1,434 1,065 1965 Dollars 1,895 2,503 1,866 1,471 I- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Iv --- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -0 Within 75-mile radius. APPENDIX TABLE 3. RADIUS AND NORTH-SOUTH QUADRANT LOCATION OF BAMvtA PARK MEMBERSHIP, 1968 South Toa Per cent sQuadrant RadusNorth Per cent 25-mile---------------------------50-mile---75-mile and over TOTAL---8------92---------100----------- Per cent 21 65 6 92 6 1 1 8 27 66 7 100 APPENDIX TABLE 4. RADIUS AND EAST-WEST QUADRANT 1968 LOCATION OF BAMA PARK MEMBERSHIP, RadiusQTotal East Per cent 25-m ile West Per cent 22 Per cent ------------------------- --- 5 27 50-m ile------------------------- --75-mile and over------------------TOTAL -------------------------- 55 7 67 11 0 33 66 7 100 [21] APPENDIX TABLE 5. RADIUS AND NORTH-SOUTH QUADRANT 1968 LOCATION OF WIND CREEK PARK VISITORS, Radius Quadrant Nrth South North South Total Per cent 11 34 55 100 2 5-m ile -- - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - -. 5 0 -m ile ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... . . 75-mile and over TOTAL Per cent 9 10 44 63 Per cent 2 24 11 37 APPENDIX TABLE 6. RADIUS AND EAST-WEST QUADRANT LOCATION CREEK PARK VISITORS, OF WIND 1968 Quadrant West East Per cent Per cent 8 3 25 -m ile ---------------------- --6 28 50-mile 42 75-mile and over 13 Radius TOTAL Total Per cent 11 34 55 100 27 73 [22 ] AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SYSTEM OF ALABAMA'S LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITY \With an agricultural research unit in every major soil area, Auburn U niv ersitv serves the ieds of field cbop, live- 0 stock, forestry, and 1o)ticultural producers in each region in AlalKamoa. Every citizen of the State has a stake in this researcl program, since any atdvantage 0 " 3 a t Irnm nexv and more eco)omical wa's of producing a of Iinandling farms products directly becnefits the( (,msmnin(lillr publi)]ic. Research Unit Identification 1. Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina. 2. Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville. 3. North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman 4. Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield. 5. Forestry Unit, Fayette County. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 Thorsby Foundation Seed Stocks Farm, Thorsby Chilton Area Horticulture Substation, Clanton. Forestry Unit, Coosa County. Piedmont Substation, Camp Hill. Plant Breeding Unit, Tallasee. Forestry Unit, Autauga County. Prattville Experiment Field, Pruttville Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction. Tuskegee Experiment Field, Tuskegee. Forestry Unit, Barbour County. Monroeville Experiment Field, Monroe\ville Wiregrass Substation, Headland. Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton. Ornamental Horticulture Field Station, Spring Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope. 15. Lower Coastal Plain Substation, Camden. Hill.