REVISED CIRCULAR 182 SEPTEMBER 1971 Rcy-e-R yegrass-Yuchi A rr owleaf Clover for Production of Slaughter Cattle ~~Op. /p .;, {. 4. .4 CONTENTS Page EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE-------------4 RE SU LT S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 First Year S econd Year- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5----- 6 Third Year-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 Fou rth Y ear-- - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 D ISC USSIO N -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 SU M M ARY -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 12 LITERATURE CITED ------------------------------------ 13 FIRST PRINTING 4M, JANUARY 1971 SECOND PRINTING (REVISION) 4M, SEPTEMBER 1971 Rye-Ryegrass-Yuchi Arrowleaf Clover for Production of Slaughter Cattle W. B. ANTHONY, C. S. HOVELAND, E. L. MAYTON and H. E. BURGESS' practiced CATTLE on warm and cool season swards G RAZING the southeastern United States. There areis important throughout advantages and disadvantages for each kind of sward resulting from climate. Cool season forages generally contain more noncell wall material and are, therefore, generally more nutritious than warm season forages. Yearling cattle usually make more rapid daily gain on cool season than on warm season forages (1,2,3,4,5,6). Results of many tests in Alabama show that yearling cattle grazed on summer pastures gained about 1.2 pounds daily and about 200-250 pounds for the entire season (1,5,10). Also, at the end of the grazing season, the cattle had only a Standard slaughter grade. In contrast, yearling cattle on cool season annual pastures have made daily gain of 2 pounds and a total season gain of 350 pounds (1,3,4,11). Under the usual management system cattle are weaned in late summer or early fall. These animals are to be wintered if they are to make use of the warm season pasture the following year. Management systems will be simplified by the satisfactory grazing program that would circumvent the long winter feeding period necessary when young cattle are held after weaning for warm season pasture. In the past, cool season pastures have consisted of small grain or small grain with crimson clover and/or ryegrass. In recent years Yuchi arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) has shown promise in several Alabama tests (7,9). Yuchi is superior to crimson clover in that it is later maturing and remains produc'Professor, Department of Animal Science, Professor, Department of Agronomy and Soils, Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent, Piedmont Substation, respectively. tive two months longer than crimson clover. More important, Yuchi retains relatively high digestibility under grazing until June, whereas crimson loses nutritive value rapidly during heading in early April (8). The research reported herein was conducted at the Piedmont Substation near Camp Hill, Alabama, to determine if yearling cattle could be grown and fattened on rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover pasture. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover pastures were planted on prepared seedbed during September at the Piedmont Substation in each of 4 years. The topography is quite hilly and the red clay soils are of mixed types. The seeding rates in pounds per acre were Wren's Abruzzi rye, 84; Italian ryegrass, 10; and Yuchi arrowleaf clover, 8. Mineral fertilizer was applied according to soil test. Nitrogen at the rate of 50 pounds per acre was applied in September and again in January. Yearling, crossbred steers and heifers produced on the Piedmont Substation were used for grazing the pastures each year. In addition a small group of purchased steers was used the third and fourth years. The first year there were two treatment groups. One group grazed the rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover pasture; the second group was confined to drylot and full-fed corn silage and hand fed 1 pound per head daily of a supplement containing urea, cottonseed meal, and minerals (Auburn-65). At the time animals were allotted to treatment, a 24-mg. Stilbestrol pellet (DES) was placed in an ear of each steer. At the termination of the experiment a portion of the animals was sold for slaughter and carcass data were obtained. Although live grades among the steers were similar, the larger animals were selected for slaughter. The second test year too few animals were available for two treatment groups. Therefore, the experimental animals available were assigned to the rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover pasture. These animals also received DES. At the end of the grazing season they were sold directly for slaughter and carcass data obtained. During the third test there were four experimental groups of cattle: [4] Group 1- Confined to drylot and full-fed corn silage and fed 4 pounds of whole corn and 1 pound of protein supplement (Auburn-65) per head daily. Group 2 - Confined to drylot and full-fed whole corn and fed 6 pounds of corn silage and 1 pound of protein supplement (Auburn-65) per head daily. Group 3 - Grazed rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover and provided whole shelled corn ad libitum. Group 4 - Grazed without supplement on rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover. All these animals received DES (ear implant). Only steers were in Groups 1 and 2; heifers and steers were in Groups 3 and 4. When the experiment was terminated all animals were slaughtered and carcass data obtained. The treatment groups for the fourth year were the same as those described for the third year with a minor exception. A pool of animals was carried in Group 1 for adding to Groups 3 and 4 as required for proper utilization of forage. The initial stocking rate for Group 3 was 1.43 animals per acre; for Group 4, 1.00 animal per acre. RESULTS First Year The animals grazed the pasture from December 13, 1967 to June 3, 1968 (174 days). Pastures were stocked at the rate of one animal per acre. Steers on grazing made an average gain of 351 pounds or 2.01 pounds per head daily; the drylot cattle gained 261 pounds or 1.50 pounds per head daily, Table 1. The corn silage used for the drylot group was of poor quality and had a low grain content. Cost of gain on the pasture was 12.65 cents per pound as compared to 19.93 cents on silage, Table 1. The animals on pasture produced high-Good carcasses, whereas carcasses from the silage cattle were average-Good. Rye and ryegrass stands were excellent in 1967-68 but dry autumn weather delayed grazing. Yuchi arrowleaf clover stands were thin in several areas but growth was good in late spring. Volunteer crimson clover furnished some grazing in late March. [5] TABLE 1. STEER PERFORMANCE ON PASTURE AND IN DRYLOT, 1967-68 Item Days on test, December 13 to June 3----N umber of anim als-------------------------Initial average weight, lb.------------------------ Final average weight, lb.-----Gain, - Rye-ryegrassYuchi grazing 174 Silage with supplement 174 10 580 Average daily gain, lb.-------------------------Daily feed lb.---------- 931 10 580 841 - - - - 351 (51)- 261 2.01 -1 40.00 1.50 (47) Silage, lb.53----A ub u -5 6 -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- -- - -- -- -- - --- Feed cost/animal, dol.------------------------Feed cost/lb. gain, cents----------------------- rn - 51.01 - 12.65 19.93 1Standard deviation of means were 51 and 47, respectively. 2Feed cost: grazing, $40/acre; corn silage, $10/ton; Auburn-65, $80/ton. Second Year The steers grazed the pasture from December 2, 1968 to June 3, 1969 (183 days) and gained 438 pounds per head or a daily gain of 2.39 pounds, Table 2. The stocking rate of one animal per acre was too low in spring. Surplus forage during April 4 to May 16 was utilized by stocking with additional heifers. During this 42-day period the heifers nade a daily gain of 2.64 pounds per head. The total steer and heifer gain per acre was 517 pounds, Table 2. Based on a pasture production cost of $40 per acre, this TABLE 2. PERFORMANCE OF YEARLING CATTLE ON RYE-RYEGRASS-YUCHI ARROwLEAF CLOVER, 1968-69 Number of steers, December 2 to June 3----------------- 622 Av. age at slaughter, days------------------------------Av. initial live weight, lb.----------------------------------574 --1,012 Av. final live weight, lb.------------------------------38 Gain, lb .-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 Days, number-------------183 ----------2.39 A verage daily gain, lb.-----------------------Extra 10 heifers April 4-May 16 A v. initial w eight, lb.-----------------------------------565 14 A v. final weight, lb.-------------------------------------676 G in , lb a .- - -- -- - -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- - - - - - - - - - - - -1 11 D ays, numb er-----------------------------------------42 2.64 ----------Average daily gain, lb.---------------------517 Total gain-steers and heifers per acre, lb.-------------------Feed costs 'of gain, 218 and heifers---------Total animal grazing days per 2 Carcass data av. for 12 steers H igh Good USD A grade------------------------------------- ---t M arblin g -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -sligh 12.18 ------ - --- ---Rib eye, sq. in. ------ --------------------C arcass w eight, lb.--------------------------------------611 1 2 dol. /cw t.------------------------------- acre-steers $9.13 Includes 75 days for steer dying of meningitis. Two steers were retained for other use. [6 ] total animal gain per acre cost $7.74 per hundredweight; if heifer gain is omitted, the cost of gain made by the steers was $9.13. The steers were sold directly for slaughter and yielded high-Good carcasses, Table 2. Excellent stands of Yuchi arrowleaf clover, rye, and ryegrass were obtained in 1968-69. The autumn was extremely dry so the pasture could not be grazed until December. Rye furnished most of the early season forage and Yuchi arrowleaf clover produced most of the grazing from April to June. Heavy grazing by cattle kept clover vigorous and leafy in late spring. Ryegrass furnished grazing in late February and March. Ryegrass was also valuable in furnishing a better sod and reducing pugging by cattle in wet weather. Third Year For the third year the test period was 209 days from November 11 to June 8, Table 3. Live weight gains per steer were: Group 1 TABLE 3. PERFORMANCE OF YEARLING CATTLE ON RYE-RYEGRASS-YUCHI ARROWLEAF CLOVER PASTURE AND DRYLOT FEED, 1969-70 Item Days on test, November 11-June 8---. Number animals ._-........ Weight change Steers Initial, lb.----------------------Final, lb. Gain, lb. ADG, lb. Heifers Initial, lb............ Final, lb............. Gain, lb. ADG, lb. Carcass data Grades Choice, pct. Good, pct. Standard, pct. -------Average weight, lb.----Dressing pct.---------Feed consumed daily Corn silage, lb.--------Whole corn, lb. Auburn-65, lb.--------Feed cost/lb. gain, cents' Group 1 drylot corn silage 209 10 Group 2 drylot whole corn 209 10 Group 3 grazing + corn 209 14 Group 4 grazing only 209 14 529 856 327 1.56 517 965 448 2.14 543 955 412 1.97 488 840 352 1.68 543 923 380 1.82 486 804 318 1.52 100 90 10 491 57.4 43 4 1 23.31 597 61.9 7 15.5 1 23.45 55 45 553 61.5 9.9 23.56 21 79 524 60.7 10.53 SCost of feed items were: pasture, $40 per acre; shelled corn, $2.70 per cwt.; and Auburn-65, $4.00 per cwt. [7] (corn silage) 327, Group 2 (drylot-whole corn) 448, Group 3 (grazing and corn) 412, and Group 4 (grazing only) 380 pounds. Steers fed whole corn on pasture, Group 3, consumed an average of 9.9 pounds of corn daily, but gained only 0.15 pounds daily more than steers grazed without corn, Group 4. Carcass grade, however, was improved by feeding grains, Table 3. The lowest feed cost of gain among the four treatments was the group grazed without corn, Group 4. Under the conditions of this test, steers full fed corn in drylot returned more money above feed cost than steers fed corn on pasture, Table 3. Excellent stands of all species were obtained and grazing was begun November 11, 1969. The long cold winter with continuous low temperatures below normal sharply reduced pasture growth. Available grazing was limited in February but cattle were not removed from the pasture. Rye furnished most of the grazing until late March when considerable Yuchi arrowleaf clover and ryegrass were available. Vigorous growth by the latter two species in April resulted in heavy surplus growth which was not utilized. Since no additional animals were added, clover and ryegrass grew 2 to 3 feet tall by May and forage quality, particularly of ryegrass, declined. Fourth Year The fourth year test period was 207 days covering the period November 13 to June 7, Table 4. Live weight gains (pounds) per steer for animals in each treatment continuously for 207 days were: Group 1 (corn silage) 357, Group 2 (drylot - whole corn, 143 days) 343, Group 3 (grazing and corn) 483, and Group 4 (grazing only) 409. The pasture stocking rates for Groups 3 and 4 should be of great importance in evaluating the performance data of steers on these treatments. The animals per pasture acre per period for these two treatments were as follows: Period November (18 days) December (31 days) January (31 days) February (28 days) March (31 days) April (30 days) May (31 days) June (7 days) Total animal days per acre [8] Group 3 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 2.07 2.00 2.36 2.36 366 Group 4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.36 1.50 1.79 1.93 263 TABLE 4. PERFORMANCE OF YEARLING CATTLE ON RYE-RYEGRASS-YUCHI ARROWLEAF CLOVER PASTURE AND DRYLOT FEED, 1970-71 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Item Days on test, November 13-June7 ..... Number of steers1 .............. Weight change Initial, lb. Group 4 drylot corn silage drylot whole corn grazing -- corn graz only 207 10 627 143 10 618 207 18 575 207 14 610 Final, lb. Gain, lb. ADG, lb. Carcass data Grades Choice, pct. Good, pct. Standard, pct............. Average weight, lb............ Dressing pct. Feed consumed daily 984 357 1.72 961 343 2.40 1,058 483 2.34 1,019 409 1.98 40 60 0 572 58.0 50 50 0 592 61.5 58 42 0 660 62.3 5 95 0 618 60.6 Corn silage, lb............... Whole corn, lb.............. 34.5 4.0 7.2 17.1 13.1 Auburn-65, lb................. Feed cost/lb. gain, cents 2 Harvested feeds ............ Pasture cost 1.0 19.8 19.8 1.0 26.7 26.8 18.4 5.86 9.62 Total 1 2 24.26 9.62 Only animals on test for full test period. Cost of feed items were: pasture, $50 per acre; shelled corn, $3.30 per cwt.; and Auburn-65, $4.00 per cwt. Therefore, the stocking rate of the paddocks remained constant until March when additional cattle were added to each group. These additional cattle came out of the pool of animals carried in Group 1. Steers fed whole corn on pasture, Group 3, consumed an average of 13.1 pounds of corn daily. The daily gain for animals in this treatment for 207 days was 2.34 pounds; steers on grazing for 207 days without corn (Group 4) had an average daily gain of 1.98 pounds. Steers grazing 207 days without corn gained 409 pounds each; steers grazing 207 days with corn (2,712 pounds of corn per head) gained 483 pounds each. When corn was fed steers in Group 3, the number of animal days per acre of grazing was increased by 103, a 39 per cent increase. Animals full fed corn silage and a minimum amount of corn and supplement (Group 1) gained an average of 357 pounds for the 207 day test period (Table 4). These animals consumed a daily ration consisting of 34.5 [9] pounds of silage, 4 pounds of whole corn and 1 pound of Auburn-65. This daily ration cost 34 cents (19.8 cents per pound). In contrast, the non-supplemented steers on rye-ryegrass-arrowleaf clover pasture gained 409 pounds per head and the pasture cost per pound of gain was 7.66 cents. When grain was fed to steers on pasture (Group 3) the gain was increased to 483 pounds per head, but the cost of gain was increased to 23.09 cents per pound. Utilization of Group 4 (grazing only) pastures was excellent. With increased stocking rate in spring, rye was well grazed, permitting excellent clover and ryegrass growth from March to June. In contrast, Group 3 (grazing and corn) cattle grazed rye poorly in late winter so surplus rye accumulated and clover and ryegrass growth was limited by shade. Group 2 (drylot fed whole corn and supplement) were fed only 143 days. At this time, it was judged that these animals were properly finished; therefore, they were sold for slaughter. The carcass information on this group of cattle is given in Table 4. The information on this group of cattle should be helpful in appraising the value of rye-ryegrass arrowleaf clover (Groups 3 and 4) for producing slaughter cattle. DISCUSSION The use of rye-ryegrass-Yuchi arrowleaf clover proved to be a valuable means of growing yearling cattle to slaughter finish. The average live weight gain per steer for years 1-4 were 351 pounds, 438 pounds, 380 pounds, and 409 pounds, respectively. Thus, the 4-year mean gain per steer was 395 pounds. This is sufficient gain per animal for the system to be profitable even when there should exist a negative margin between the purchase and sale prices per pound for the animal. Carcasses from these animals graded Good to low Choice and did not have undesirable pigmentation of the fat cover. Dressing percentages (DP) for cattle directly off grazing were 60 per cent or higher. This is a very desirable dressing percentage for pasture-produced slaughter cattle, but it is somewhat higher than the value for cattle off similar pasture at other places in Alabama. A stocking rate of one yearling animal per acre generally proved satisfactory for all 4 years until spring. Each year additional cattle could have been added to the pastures in March. Based on the results, this type pasture should not be stocked with more than one animal per acre until March. During the fourth [10] year it was possible to measure the influence of grain supplement on stocking rate (Group 3 vs. Group 4, fourth year). By feeding whole corn, the stocking rate per acre was 1.43 animals until March 1. From March until June the pasture carried two or more animals per acre. This experiment was designed primarily to evaluate grazing for the production of slaughter cattle. Cattle that grazed rye-ryegrassYuchi arrowleaf clover made exceptional live weight gain and dressed desirable carcasses; but this experiment also provided information to compare drylot feeding with the pasture feeding. For 3 of the 4 years, a group of cattle was fed silage and supplement. The average weight gains per steer for each of the 3 years were 261 pounds, 327 pounds, and 357 pounds. Although these gains were lower than gains for comparable cattle on pasture, they were judged to be satisfactory. The cost of gain for the silage cattle was higher than the cost of gain for the pasture cattle. During the fourth year, surplus cattle were carried on silage for adding to the pasture group when forage growth permitted. This proved to be a valuable procedure and should permit more efficient utilization of the cool season pasture for the production of slaughter cattle. For the third and fourth years that the experiment was operated, groups of cattle comparable to those on grazing were confined to drylot and full fed whole corn and supplement, Tables 3 and 4. These cattle made satisfactory gain and finished more rapidly for slaughter than cattle on grazing without feed. However, the feed cost of gain was much larger for these cattle than for cattle on grazing without corn. No doubt the drylot feeding plan used in this experiment could be improved. This practice can be useful for certain producers. Most likely, the drylot feeding will not prove as profitable as a cool season grazing program. In this experiment, the drylot fed cattle yielded higher grading carcasses that were generally more acceptable for the current fed cattle market. Nevertheless, the cattle in this experiment that were grazed without grain supplement produced very acceptable carcasses without excess fat. Based on a purchase price of feeder cattle at 32 cents per pound and feed cost as shown in Footnote 2 of Table 4, the gross return above cost of feeder and feed per steer for the fourth year for grazing only was $87.50; for grazing with whole corn and supplement, it was $51.27; for silage feeding in drylot, it was $26.91; [11 ] and for drylot feeding on whole corn and supplement, it was $15.18. This experiment clearly reveals the potential for producing quality beef carcasses by grazing yearling cattle on rye-ryegrassYuchi arrowleaf clover pastures. SUMMARY Rye, ryegrass, and Yuchi arrowleaf clover were produced in combination on the soils of the Piedmont area of Alabama and grazed by yearling cattle. Ear implants of DES were used; some cattle were slaughtered directly off the pastures. Other groups of yearling cattle kept in drylot were fed corn silage or whole corn and a small amount of corn silage. The pastures were grazed 174, 183, 209, and 207 days for years 1-4, respectively. The average gains per steer during the grazing period for each of the 4 years were 351, 438, 380, and 409 pounds, respectively. The stocking rate was one steer per acre until March. Increased stocking was possible from March to June. Feeding whole corn to the steers on pasture increased steer daily gain and carcass finish, but also increased the feed cost of gain. Grain feeding permitted a 39 per cent increase in stocking rate. Carcasses of steers slaughtered directly off pasture graded USDA Good or better. Objectionable fat pigmentation was not observed. Feed cost of gain was lowest for steers produced on rye-ryegrass-arrowleaf clover without supplemental feed. [12] LITERATURE CITED (1) ANTHONY, (2) W. B. AND J. G. STARLING. 1966. Rye-Clover Pasture for Growing Slaughter Cattle. Highlights of Agricultural Research, Vol. 18, No. 3. Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. HARRIs, R. R., W. B. ANTHONY, J. K. BOSECK, E. M. EVANS. 1961. (3) Star Millet - As A Supplemental Grazing Crop for Slaughter Cattle. Highlights of Agricultural Research. Vol. 8, No. 2. Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. HARRIS, R. R., W. B. ANTHONY, J. K. BOSECK, AND E. M. EVANS. 1962. Cool-Season Grazing for Yearling Steers. Highlights of Agricultural Research. Vol. 9, No. 4. Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. HARRIS, R. R., (4) J. K. BOSECK, AND W. B. ANTHONY. 1968. Efficient Growth Made by Calves on Rye-Ryegrass Pastures. Highlights of Agricultural Research, Vol. 15, No. 3. Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. (5) HARRIS, R. R., W. B. ANTHONY, AND J. K. BOSECK. 1963. Species Evaluation Study with Irrigation in North Alabama. J. Anim. Sci. 22:247. (6) BROWN, V. L., W. B. ANTHONY, AND R. R. HARRIS. 1963. Effect of Supplementation on Utilization of Coastal Bermudagrass Pasture by Beef Steers. J. Anim. Sci. 22:247. (7) HOVELAND, C. S. 1964. Yuchi - New Arrowleaf Clover. Leaflet 71, Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. (8) HOVELAND, C. S., E. L. CARDEN, W. B. ANTHONY, AND J. P. CUNNING- HAM, JR. 1970. Management Effects on Forage Production and Digestibility of Yuchi Arrowleaf Clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi). Agron. J. 62:115-116. (9) HOVELAND, C. S., E. L. CARDEN, G. A. BUCHANAN, E. M. EVANS, W. B. ANTHONY, E. L. MAYTON, AND H. E. BURGESS. 1969. Yuchi Ar- rowleaf Clover. Bull. 396, Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. (10) PATTERSON, R. M., W. B. ANTHONY, AND V. L. BROWN. 1959. Pasture Know-How from Winter Grazing Trials. Highlights of Agricultural Research, Vol. 6, No. 3. Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. (11) PATTERSON, R. M., W. B. ANTHONY, AND V. L. BROWN. 1961. Sum- mer Pastures for Grazing Steers. Highlights of Agricultural Research, Vol. 8, No. 1. Auburn University (Ala.) Agricultural Experiment Station. [13] AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SYSTEM OF ALABAMA'S LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITY 0 With an agricultural research unit in every major soil area, Auburn University serves the needs of field crop, livestock, forestry, and horticultural producers in l0 I, 4 Q3 O each region in Aa bama. Evey citizen of the State has a stake in this research program, . - Q since any advantage new and more economical ways of producing and handling farm piroducts directly benefits the conslming public. from _ 17 C Research ® i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 M ii Unit Identification Agrrcu ltU,-p.rincnt Stetson, Auoturn Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina. Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville. North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield. Forestry Unit, Fayette County. Thorsby Foundation Seed Stocks Farm, Thorsby. Chilton Area Horticulture Substation, Clanton. Forestry Unit, Coosa County. Piedmont Substation, Camp Hill. Plant Breeding Unit, Tallossee. Forestry Unit, Autauga County. Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville. Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction. Tuskegee Experiment Field, Tuskegee. Lower Coastal Plain Substation, Camden. Forestry Unit, Barbour County. Monroeville Experiment Field, Monroeville. Wiregrass Substation, Headland. Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton. Ornamental Horticulture Field Station, Spring Hill. Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope.