CIRCULAR No. 31 FEBRUARY, 1915
ALABAMA
Agricultural Experiment Station
OF THE
Alabama Polytechnic Institute
AUBURN
Annual Report of the Director of the
Experiment Station on Work Done
Under the Local Experiment
Law in 1914
BY
J. F. DUGGAR
Director
Montgomery, Ala.
The Paragon Press.
1915

Auburn, Ala., Feb. 25, 1915.
HON. J. A. WADE,
Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries,
Montgomery, Ala.
Dear Sir:-In accordance with Section 5 of the Local Ex-
periment Law, requiring me, as Director of the Experiment
Station of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, to make a full
and complete annual report through the Commissioner of Ag-
riculture to the Governor of Alabama, I herewith hand you my
report of work done under the Local Experiment Law in the
calendar year 1914, with the request that you transmit this re-
port to his Excellency, Governor Charles Henderson.
Yours very truly,
J. F. DUGGAR,
Director Experiment Station of
the Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
STAFF OF SPECIALISTS ENGAGED IN WORK
UNDER THE LOCAL EXPERIMENT LAW
J. F. Duggar, Director
Agriculture, Plant Breeding and Farm Machinery
* J. F. Duggar, in charge.
* E. F. Cauthen ............................................ Associate Agriculturist.
* M. J. Funchess ........................................... Associate Agriculturist.
J. T. Williamson ...................... Field Agent in Agriculture.
* D. J. Burleson........................................ Assistant Agriculturist.
* O. H. Sellers ....... ......................................... Assistant in Agriculture.
* H. B. Tisdale ...................................... Assistant in Agriculture.
Livestock and Poultry Investigations
* Geo. S. Templeton, in charge.
E. Gibbens ...........................Assistant in Animal Husbandry.
J. A. Mc Leod ................................. Assistant in Animal Husbandry.
Entomology
* W. E. Hinds, in charge.
* J. E. Buck ........................ Assistant Entomologist
* G. W. Ells .................................... Field Assistant in Entomology.
Drainage
**Lewis A. Jones, in charge.
Horticultural Investigations
* Ernest Walker, 
in charge.
* J. C. C. Price .................................................. 
Associate Horticulturist.
G. V. Stelzenmueller .............................. Field Assistant in Horticulture.
Junior and Home Economics Extension
** L. N. Duncan, 
in charge.
**Miss Madge J. Reese ...... State Agent Girls' Canning Clubs.
**J. C. Ford ................................................................... In charge Pig Clubs.
** I. B. Kerlin .......................................... Assistant in Boys' Corn Clubs.
Plant Diseases
* F. A. Wolf, in 
charge.
*Devoting only part time to Local Experiment Work.
** In co-operation with United States Department of Agri-
culture.
PART 1
REPORT OF WORK DONE DURING 1914
UNDER THE LOCAL EXPERIMENT LAW.
Director's Summarized Report of Work in All
Departments.
By
J. F. DUGGAR, Director of Experiment Station.
This report is submitted in compliance with Section 5 of an
Act of the Legislature of Alabama, approved February 9, 1911,
under which provision is made for local experiments to be con-
ducted throughout the State and for other agricultural services
to be rendered to the farmers of Alabama. The work done
under this law is of a more popular nature than would be per-
mitted by the funds appropriated by Congress for the support
of the scientific work of an experiment station m each state.
In the execution of this law field experiments have been made
in every county, so as to study local problems of soil and climate
that could not be solved by experiments made on the Station
farm at Auburn.
In all the various lines of investigation undertaken under
this Act the aim has been to accumulate a body of knowledge
that would lead to a more diversified and a more profitable
agriculture, so as to place the farmers of Alabama in a better
position to withstand the reduction in acreage in cotton which
is likely to follow the advent of the boll weevil and to enable
them to so modify their practices in fertilization and cultivation
of cotton as to be able to continue to grow this crop in the
presence of the cotton boll weevil.
The information already acquired through the local exper-
iments conducted under this Act is of a kind to be of great
assistance to farmers in the present emergency. For the ne-
cessity of practicing diversification in their farming has been
made imperative by the decline in the price of cotton, and the
results of these widely scattered experiments serve as guides
to show what crops or what varieties should be advised for the
different sections of the state, and the best methods of fertilizing
the principal crops on the principal soils of Alabama.
For example, the following are among the crops or subjects
on which these local experiments have already thrown enough
light to be helpful to farmers in 1915.
(1). Best crops on which to produce pork.
(2).- Best varieties of cotton for land infected by cotton wilt
or black-root.
(4)
(3). Suitability of wheat to certain areas in which it had
not been grown in recent decades.
(4). Best fertilizers for cotton on a number of different soils.
(5). Best fertilizers fox sweet potatoes on various soils.
(6). Best fertilizers for corn on a number of different soils.
(7). Prevention of oat smut at insignificent cost.
(8). Best forage plants for hay and pasture on different soils.
(9). The superiority for certain parts of the state of two
new and early varieties of velvet beans.
(10). Best methods of sowing fall oats to escape winter-killing.
(11). Best varieti.es of cowpeas.
(12). Adaptability of soybeans to various soils.
(18). Dissemination and local testing of pedigreed strains of
oats, corn, and cotton bred up on the Experiment Sta-
tion farm at Auburn.
(14). Tile drainage; distances between drains, depths required,
and increase in yield of crops.
(15). Peanuts, best varieties and yields.
(16). Best varieties of certain vegetables.
(17). Effects of spraying in overcoming diseases and insect
pests of fruit and truck crops.
(18). Methods of combatting the grass or army worm.
(19). Relative advantages of certain insecticides in combatting
the cotton caterpillar.
The amount received for this work in 1914 was $27,000.00
in addition to a small balance brought over from the preceding
year, as shown by the report of the Treasurer, which constitutes
a part of this report.
Publications Under the Local Experiment Law
From the funds provided under the Local Experiment Law
there were published in 1914 six bulletins, four circulars, three
press bulletins, and four reprints of earlier publications, making
a total of 17 publications. The number of pages in these was
294, and the total number of pages in all of the copies printed
amounted to 3,126,000 pages. This State appropriation has
enabled the Alabama Experiment Station to print several times
as many publications as would have been possible from Fed-
eral funds alone. Morever, this State appropriation enabled
the Station to publish bulletins of a more popular and imme-
diately practical character than would be permitted under Fed-
eral funds.
The following is the list of publications of the Alabama
(5)
Experiment Station issued in the calendar 
year 1914 from the
funds provided by the Local Experiment 
Law:
Bulletin No. 175.-Local Fertilizer Experiments 
with Cotton in North
Alabama in 1913; by the Director and Assistants.
Bulletin No. 176.-Reducing Insect Injury to Stored 
Corn; by the En-
tomologist.
Bulletin No. 177.-Raising and Fattening Beef 
Calves in Alabama; by
D. T. Gray and W. F. Ward.
Bulletin No. 178.-Boll Weevil Effect Upon Cotton Production; 
by
the Entomologist.
Bulletin No. 181.-Local Fertilizer Experiments with Corn in 
South
Alabama in 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914; by the Di-
rector and Field Agent.
Bulletin No. 182.-Local Fertilizer Experiments with Corn in North
Alabama in 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914; by the Di-
rector and Field Agent.
Circular No. 25.-Annual Report of the Director of the Experiment
Station on Work Done Under the Local Experi-
ment Law in 1913.
Circular No. 26.-Silos and Silage; by the Dairyman.
Circular No. 27.-Citrus Canker; by the Pathologist and Assistant
Botanist.
Circular No. 30.-Program of County Organization Day for Boys'
Corn Club; by the Superintendent of Junior and
Home Economics Extension and Assistant.
Press Bulletin No. 71.-County Organization in the Campaign Against
the Boll Weevil; by the Entomologist.
Press Bulletin No. 72.-Cotton Work Control; by the Entomologist.
Press Bulletin No. 74. Cotton Boll Weevil Infested Area and Quar-
antine Line in Alabama 1914 to 1915; by the En-
tomologist.
In addition to the above publications the following reprints were
published:
Bulletin No. 174.-Local Fertilizer Experiments with Cotton in South
Alabama in 1913.
Press Bulletin No. 64.-Boll Weevil Control in Early Summer.
Press Bulletin No. 68.-Tests of Varieties of Corn in 1913.
Press Bulletin No. 69.-Cotton Boll Weevil Infested Area in United
States and Quarantine Line in Alabama 1913 to
1914.
Fertilizer Experiments and Other Experiments
With Field and Forage Crops
Thirty-four distinct lines of experimentation were conducted
under this head in 1914.
The following is a list of the local experiments (that is those
made elsewhere in the State than at Auburn) undertaken in
the Agricultural Department of the Alabama Experiment Sta-
tion during the calendar year 1914:
(6)
Cotton, complete fertilizer experiments.
Cotton, time of applying nitrate of soda.
Cotton, extensive variety tests.
Cotton, tests of wilt resistant varieties.
Cotton variety tests, short.
Cotton breeding.
Special fertilizer test with corn after legumes.
Corn, complete fertilizer experiments.
Corn, time of applying nitrate of soda.
Corn, variety tests, extensive.
Cotton variety tests, short.
Corn breeding.
Cowpea, variety tests.
Peanuts, complete fertilizer experiments.
Peanuts, variety tests.
Sugar cane, complete fertilizer experiments.
Sweet potatoes, complete fertilizer experiments.
Soybean tests.
Wheat experiments.
Velvet bean, variety tests.
Extensive forage crop tests.
Bur clover, fertilizer experiment.
Bur clover, variety tests.
Crimson clover experiments, methods of inoculation.
Vetch, variety tests.
Oats, variety tests,
Oats, breeding experiments.
Oats, treatment for smut.
Alfalfa experiments.
Rice experiments.
Lespedeza, fertilizer experiments.
Lime tests with rape.
Kudzu experiments.
Sudan grass experiments.
Of these the most extensive single line of experimentation
was the determination of the best combination of fertilizers
both for cotton and for corn growing on the numerous soils
found within this State. In a study of this question 147 sep-
arate experiments, each containing twelve plots, were conducted
in nearly as many localities in 1914. Every county in the
State was represented.
That this is very productive work is evident when we con-
sider that the amount spent for fertilizer in Alabama each year
(7)
is several millions of dollars and that a large part of the pos-
sible benefit of fertilizer is lost through a want 
of knowledge
as to what combinations of fertilizer is needed on a given soil.
Scores of examples could be cited to show how these experiments
have pointed out means for large savings in 
the fertilizer bill
or for much more effective use of fertilizer.
A campaign was conducted during each of the past 
two fall
seasons for the prevention of oat smut, which 
usually destroys
from two to eight bushels of oats per acre. One 
feature of this
campaign was the conducting of 169 experiments in as 
many
localities to show the gain resulting from the treatment 
of seed
oats with formalin, at a cost of a few cents per acre, 
for the
prevention of oat smut. These experiments have resulted 
in
the adoption of this practice by a large number 
of farmers.
The saving thus effected in one year is estimated as being 
far
greater than the total cost of the local experiment work since its
beginning.
Likewise, the local experiments conducted with wheat 
in a
number of counties where the growing of wheat had become 
a
lost art placed this Station in the position in which it could 
make
definite recommendations regarding the parts of the State 
in
which, under present war conditions, the culture of wheat is
advisable.
In plant breeding the efforts of the Station have 
met with
much commendation by farmers who have made experiments
under our direction to compare with the usual varieties grown
in their neighborhoods the strains of cotton, corn, and oats
bred up at the Experiment Station farm, and distributed 
for
these experiments under the Local Experiment Law. 
For ex-
ample, one strain of Cook cotton has been developed as 
a wilt
resistant variety. It has the advantage of being earlier 
and of
producing a far higher per-centage of lint than most 
of the
wilt resistant varieties heretofore in use.
The 47 experiments conducted in as many localities in 1914
with varieties of velvet beans have not only proved that 
a new
kind, the Early Speckled Velvet Bean, is much earlier 
than the
variety generally used, but they have demonstrated that this
most valuable plant can be utilized in central and northern
parts of the State, instead of merely in the southern counties
as heretofore. All reports indicate that the farmers who made
experiments with this early variety, under our direction, 
have
almost universally saved all the seed and will plant a consid-
erable acreage of this improved kind in 1915.
In experiments made in more than 100 localities pedigreed
(8)
Red Rust Proof oats, bred up at the main Station, have been
tested. In most cases these have proved so superior in the
opinion of the experimenters to the standard varieties that most
of the pedigreed seed have been saved for planting and these
improved strains now cover a considerable acreage.
In some cases farmers having such seed, both of oats and
cotton, have reported that they were unwilling to part with even
a small amount of it, desiring to plant a maximum acreage
with it on their own farms or to permit their neighbors, who
have been attracted by it, to use it for planting.
Work in Drainage and Farm Machinery
In order to secure the services of an expert drainage engi-
neer co-operative arrangements were made four years ago be-
tween the Alabama Experiment Station and the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Under the terms of this agreement Mr.
Lewis A. Jones, U. S. Drainage Engineer, has been in charge
of the experimental drainage work. His report shows that dur-
ing the past year surveys were made for tile drainage systems
on 18 farms, and that on 6 of these tiles were laid under the
supervision of the drainage engineer or his assistant, and that
on 5 more the owners plan to put in the tile at an early date.
The drainage engineer and his assistant made during the
past year preliminary examinations of land adjacent to six dif-
ferent creeks and rivers to determine whether it was feasible
to reclaim these low lands by drainage. The total acreage cov-
ered by these examinations is estimated at 77,500 acres. Mr.
Jones has also lent his assistance in the preparation of a drain-
age law for submission to t'he Legislature, modeled after the
laws which have proved most useful in other states.
A systematic experimental study has been began of the water
levels under different conditions on tiled prairie land on the
farm of W. E. Elsberry near Montgomery. Other experiments
on the same farm lead to the inference, which is to be further
tested, that it is feasible to save a considerable part of the
expenditure heretofore considered necessary in draining prairie
soils. This may be done by placing the tile further apart,-at
least 80 feet,-than has heretofore been recommended for such
soils.
The work with farm machinery has consisted largely in the
collection of data on ditching machines, plowing with tractors,
on the work of machines for harvesting cowpeas, in the giving
of information in regard to machinery adapted to different pur-
poses and in miscellaneous lines.
(9)
Injurious Insects
Fortunately the year 1914 was relatively free from severe
insect injuries of a nature to attract general attention. How-
ever, the ever present injuries from the weevil attacking' corn,
were in progress in almost every crib in Alabama, and to this
insect the entomologist and his assistants have devoted much
attention. A bulletin on this subject has been published and
a number of brief publications issued by this department.
The department has been active in matters connected with
the cotton boll weevil. The line showing its advance during
1914 was accurately determined and the results mapped and
published.
A number of mistaken recommendations as ro easy means
of destroying the weevil were tested and found to be a useless
waste of time and money.
Live Stock and Poultry Investigations
Experimental work with hog feeding has been in progress
in the Counties of Henry and Marion.
Experiments with dairy cattle were conducted, and are still
in progress, in Bullock County to determine the relative values
of certain foods; and the cost of raising dairy heifers.
The work in feeding beef cattle was conducted for several
years in Sumter County in co-operation with the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, and several valuable bulletins, giving the
results of that work, have been published by the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture and by this Station. When early in 1914
the Department withdrew its help, in order to conduct its ex-
periments in tick free territory, it was found best to transfer
this work to a farm in Marengo County. In this latter location
60 head of steers are being fed during the winter of 1914-15
on a number of rations and under various conditions of pro-
tection from the weather.
Experimental work with poultry has been conducted both in
Marion and Mobile Counties.
Local Work in Horticulture
Extensive tests have been made, in a number of localities,
of vegetables suitable for the winter garden.
Fertilizer experiments with pecans, strawberries and other
fruits are in progress on typical soils. An interesting test is
being made in Baldwin County to determine whether the ex-
pensive "Shades," erected some years ago at a cost of several hun-
(10)
dred dollars per acre for the growing of wrapper tobacco, may be
utilized in horticulture, and especially for the growing of gin-
seng.
The Satsuma orange has received much attention from this
department; with it fertilizer and other field experiments are
in progress, and much attention has been given to its culture
and diseases.
The horticulturist has been heavily taxed in connection with
the outbreak of citrus canker in the southern tier of counties.
Junior and Home Economics Extension Work
Boys' corn clubs and girls' canning clubs have been con-
ducted under the Local Experiment Law for several years. Re-
cently this work has been organized as the Department of
Junior and Home Economics Extension. This constitutes one
of the main divisions of the Extension Service of the Alabama
Polytechnic Institute, which service also now includes farm
demonstration work, and the activities of numerous specialists.
The report of the Superintendent of Junior and Home Eco-
nomics Extension Work gives the following enrollment in 1914:
Boys' Corn Clubs ................................ 3359
Girls' Canning Clubs .................................... 2015
Boys' Pig Clubs ...................... ................... ....... 1183
The work in the interest of farm women has been greatly
helped by the employment of women agents in 19 counties to
look after the interests of the canning clubs and of home econ-
omics work. As rapidly as practicable a change is being made
by which these agents, heretofore employed for only a few
months each year, are to give from 6 to 12 months of their
time to the work for girls and women. It is planned to increase
the number of women agents from year to year as funds per-
mit.
Work With Plant Diseases
The plant pathologist has been active in the study of the cit-
rus canker, a disease which, if unchecked by effective quar-
antine and by preventive and curative measures, would probably
cause the loss of the growing citrus industry in the Gulf Coast
counties of Alabama, as well as of other states.
The experiments with spraying peach trees to prevent brown
rot and freckle have been successful, in some cases changing
the amount of loss from nearly the entire crop to less than one
per cent. of the fruit. Work has been done in connection with
cotton anthracnose, generally known as one form of boll rot,
strawberry leaf blight, and other plant diseases.
(11)
Treasurer's Report, Local Experiment Fund, for
the Year 1914
RECEIPTS.
To cash balance from 1913--..--------..--..-....------$ 2959.06
To cash Animal Industry-........-.................----- -161.37
To cash State------...--- ---....- --..-----------...... 27000.00
$30120.43
DISBURSEMENTS.
By amount paid Agriculture --------------------------- $ 7911.42
By amount paid Horticulture-......-..---.. .------------ 1461.35
By amount paid Animal Industry-------------------------3485.00
By amount paid Extension------------------------------. . ............... 5429.53
By amount paid Publications and Administration------------.......2773.11
By amount paid Entomology-----------------------------.................2300.00
By amount paid Drainage and Farm Machinery ................ 1027.56
By amount paid Plant Breeding---------------------------..............840.01
By amount paid Plant Pathology--------------------------...............1068.93
By amount paid Poultry---------------------------------. .764.66
By balance carried to 1915------------------------------...................3058.86
$30120.43
Respectfully,
M. A. GLENN, Treasurer.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this, the 20th day of February,
1915.
(Signed) B. L. SHI, Notary. Public.
(12)
PART II
DETAILED REPORTS OF HEADS OF DEPART-
MENTS
Report of Entomologist
Prof. J. F. Duggar,
Director Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station,
Auburn, Ala.
Sir:
I submit below a report of some of the most important phases
of the work of the Department of Entomology in the Alabama
Experiment Station, during the year ending Dec. 31, 1914.
During the year there has been no change in staff but at the
present time I have to report that Mr. G. W. Ells has resigned
to take effect Dec. 31st, 1914. No recommendation as to his
successor can yet be made.
During the year 1914 we have had no unusually severe in-
sect outbreaks. Many of the common insect species have oc-
curred in normal abundance. Through the use of our publi-
cations it has been possible to save materially in the matter of
correspondence.
In the past year we have issued the following publications:
Bulletin No. 176, "Reducing Insect Injury to Stored. Corn";
Bulletin No. 178, "Boll Weevil Effect Upon Cotton Production";
Circular No. 28, "The Oak Scale and Its Control"; Press Bul-
letins Nos. 69, "Cotton Boll Weevil Infested Area in United
States and Quarantine Line in Alabama, 1913 to 1914"; 71,
"County Organization in the Campaign Against the Boll Wee-
vil"; 72, "Cotton Worm Control", and 74, "Cotton Boll Weevil
Infested Area and Quarantine Line in Alabama, 1914 to 1915".
A Bulletin on "The Life History and Control of the Grass
Worm", is ready for publicrtion. In addition to the regular
station publications, we have had numerous articles in the
Journal of Economic Entomology, Proceedings of th Alabama
State Horticultural Society and Southern agricultural papers
dealing particularly with various phases of our station work
and insect control.
We have delivered more than twenty-five public addresses on
insects of economic importance, dealing most commonly with
the boll weevil and the insects affecting stored corn.
In 1914 there occurred a rather extensive outbreak of the
cotton worm (Alabama argillacea). The most extensive dam-
(13)
age occured in the northern part of the State, particularly in
the Tennessee Valley. Undoubtedly the extremely hot, dry
weather occurring in the southern part of the State up to the
middle or latter part of July, had a very important effect in
decreasing the abundance of cotton worms in that section as
it certainly had in decreasing the injury by the Mexican cotton
boll weevil(Anthonomus grandis). As a result of this unusual
seasonal condition, the boll weevil failed to advance in Southern
Alabama much beyond the line reached by it in 1913. In the
northern part of the State the advance was practically normal,
reaching a maximum of about forty-five miles in the vicinity
of Jefferson County. The boll weevil infested area now includes
approximately three-fifths of the cotton growing area of 
Ala-
bama. In the southwestern corner of the State where it has
become throughly established, it has already greatly decreased
cotton production. Our Bulletin No. 178 is designed to give a
reasonably reliable basis upon which we may estimate the effect
of the weevil upon cotton production in any particular section
of Alabama.
There is urgent need for us to take up the followirig especi-
ally important lines of entomological investigation: A study of
the life history, natural enemies and methods of artificial con-
trol of the boll weevil under Alabama conditions. The weevil
has so changed in its habits during the past twelve years
since its life history was studied, particularly in Texas and
Louisiana, that this ground needs to be gone over again under
local conditions. There are at the present time, some seven 
or
eight million fruit and nut trees growing in Alabama. We need
to be in position to give the growers of these trees much addi-
tional information in regard to the important insect pests found
thereon and methods for their control. Another extremely im-
portant field of work is in the study of methods for controlling
the typhoid fly and malarial mosquitoes, particularly as these
insects have such an extremely important effect upon human
health and efficiency.
In connection with the studies of the control of insects at-
tacking stored corn, I may say that the loss hitherto caused
by them to the farmers of Alabama has been at least $4,000,000
annually. Through our investigations extending over the
past four years, we have been able to determine methods of
handling the corn crop so that it may be possible for Alabama
farmers to save or prevent at least $2,000,000.00 of this loss
without using any insecticidal methods whatever. By adding
some insecticidal treatment another million dollars of loss can
(14)
be prevented. The importance of this problem will steadily in-
crease as corn production increases throughout the South. A
summary of this work is presented in our Bulletin No. 176.
Respectfully submitted,
W. E. HINDS,
Entomologist.
(15)
Report of Drainage Engineer
Prof. J. F. Duggar,
Director, Alabama Experiment Station,
Auburn, Ala.
Dear Sir:-
Herewith I respectfully submit a brief synopsis of the work
done in Alabama by Drainage Investigation, Office of Experi-
ment Stations,'United States Department of Agriculture, during
the year 1914. The work was done under the co-operative agree-
ment with the Alabama Experiment Station.
During the year particular attention was given to the need
of underdrainage, surveys for tile drainage being made on
eighteen farms and tile drains constructed on six of the areas
surveyed. Drains are to be constructed on five more of the
tracts surveyed, during the winter and spring of 1915. The
construction of the drains on the remaining seven of the seven-
teen tracts surveyed has been indefinitely postponed; on three
because of the lack of a suitable outlet and upon four because
of the existing financial stringency.
In addition to the above underdrainage the following work
was performed during the year 1914.
An extended experiment, to determine the action of soil water
in tiled and untiled prairie soil, was installed upon the W. E.
Elsberry farm near Montgomery.
A system of terraces was surveyed for Mr. V. C. Miller,
Knoxville, Green County, Alabama.
An experiment to determine the best method to control sand
in tile drains, was installed upon the Frank Holman farm near
York.
Three vertical drains were installed upon the farm of B. F.
Yarbrough near Montgomery, to determine the benefit to be re-
ceived from this type of drainage.
Preliminary examinations and reports were made on the fol-
lowing overflowed swamp lands to determine the feasibility of
reclamation by drainage:
1500 acres in Bear Heaven Swamp, Tuscaloosa County.
2500 acres along Big Sandy Creek, Tuscaloosa County.
7500 acres along Lubbub Creek, Pickens County.
19000 acres along Luxappalala River, Fayette and Lamar
Counties.
15000 acres along Catoma Creek, Montgomery County.
(16)
32000 acres along Sipsey River, Fayette and Tuscaloosa
Counties.
77,500 Total acres.
Below is given a complete list of all parties who have received
assistance in tile drainage from this office under the co-operative
agreement with the Alabama Experiment Station:
NAME. P. O. COUNTY.
ADDRESS.A
6t r r O o 0
J. T. Adams........
R. J. Ennis -.........
Frank McLain--------
W. E. Elsberry-------
M. F. Smith----------
J. C. Harper .........
Martin Invest. Co.
T. B. Hill ---------------.
J. F. Suttle..........
Frank Holman........
W. E. Elsberry
1. E. Sarber .............
McQu'een Smith-------.....
R.. E. Lambert ..........
A. F. Brooks.........------
W. J & R. E. Beeland_.
M. Rockhill .............
H. H. Leland ...........
Aubrey Boyles...........
N. J. Bell...........-- -----
Geo. Fearn & Son ....
W. D. Johnston
J. T. Stokely.........______
C. M. Kirk ..............
B. W. Watson ..........
R. D. Quisenberry --
B. G. Snyder.........------
Chas. Johnson ...........
Dr. H. T. Inge ..........
W. H. Reynolds.......
Mr. Hunter ............
Pine Apple...........
Livingston............
Montgomery..........
Montgomery..........
Marion Junction .-----------
Oak Hill
Bessemer .............
Montgomery .. ............
Felix .................
York.........................
Montgomery ...........
Elmore......................
Prattville.............--
Allenville........------......
Ft. Deposit .............
Greenville............--------
Elmore........
Tuscaloosa .................
Mobile .....................
Montgomery..........-------
Mobile
Boligee...............--------
De~mopolis............------
A xis --- --------------
Pine Apple'..........------
Montgomery. ....
U~niontown ................
U~niontowna...............
Mobile ..
Wilcox .-----
Sumter .......
Montgomery
Montgomery
Dallas __..-
Wilcox -----
Jefeso 
__
Montgomery
Perry
Sumter----
Montgomery
Elmore __-----
Autauga -
Wilcox --
Lowndes ..
Butler ---
Elmore----
Tuscaloosa -
Mobile._-_-_
Montgomery
Mobile ----
Green-----.-
Marengo --
Mobile --- _-
Wilcox --
Montgomery
Perry ------
Perry -------
---------------- ---------- Mobile----
19111
1912
1911
19111
19121.
1912
1912
19131
19131
1913!
19131
19141
19141
1914!
19141
19141
19141
19141
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
1914!
12 12
10 10
3 3
3 3
40 12
60 15
200! 12
25 25
60 25
320 100
60. 10
20! 20
40 20
5 0
5! 5
80! 0
10! 0
1 1
60 so-
300! 3
100 4o=
40 40
100! 0
200 60x
20 0
3 0
40J 25=
*To be constructed during the spring of 1915.
The above mentioned experiments have created 
a great deal
of interest in underdrainage throughout the state and 
the work
is rapidly spreading' at the present time, in spite of the 
existing
(17)
financial stringency. It is impossible for this office to grant
all the requests for assistance in the construction of tile drains
that are being received.
There are numerous large projects in the state, involving the
interest of two or more property owners, which could undoubt-
edly be profitably reclaimed if there were a state drainage law
under which to organize the work. The need of such a law has
become very apparent, and should be brought to the attention
of the State Legislature now in session.
Very truly yours,
LEWIS A. JONES,
Drainage Engineer.
(18)
Report of Animal Husbandman
Prof. J. F. Duggar, Director,
Alabama Experiment Station,
Auburn, Ala.
Dear Sir:-
I respectfully submit the following report of the Local Ex-
periment work in the Animal Husbandry Department for the
year 1914:
BEEF CATTLE
For a number of years the Bureau of Animal Industry at
Washington has been co-operating with the Animal Husbandry
Department in cattle feeding experiments in Sumter County.
In March 1914 the Bureau discontinued the co-operative work
in this state in order that it might take up work in a tick free
district. Subsequently the Experiment Station has continued
this line of investigation alone. This co-operative work is now
being conducted on the farm of Judge B. M. Allen, Allenville,
Marengo County. Judge Allen furnishes the cattle and the feed
for the work while the Alabama Experiment Station provides
a man, Mr. E. Gibbens, to live on the farm and have personal
supervision of the experimental work. At present there are 60
steers on feed, divided into five lots of twelve steers each, fed
as follows:
Lot -- Cotton seed meal and cotton seed hulls.
Lot ,-Cotton seed meal and corn silage.
Lot 3 Cotton seed meal; cotton seed hulls one-half and corn
silage one-half.
Lots one, two and three are on pavement and are provided
with a shed.
Lot 4-Cotton seed meal and corn silage. Open sheds with-
out pavement.
Lot 5 -Cotton seed meal and corn silage. Open lots with
out shelter or pavement.
The questions under observation in the above named lots are:
(1) To determine the relative value of cotton seed hulls and
corn silage for fattening beef cattle.
(2) To determine the value of paved feed lots in fattening
beef cattle.
(3) To determine the value of shelter for young beef cattle
while being fattened.
(4) To determine whether or not there are any toxic effects
on hogs following steers that are being fed cotton seed meal.
(19)
Lots one, two and three afford means of duplicating 
the feed-
ing work carried on the preceding winter 
by this department
in co-operation with the Bureau of Animal 
Industry. It is
planned to conduct some other feeding experiments in co-oper-
ation with Judge Allen as to the best methods 
of wintering breed-
ing cattle. Pasturage problems will also receive much 
attention.
DAIRY CATTLE
The co-operative dairy cattle experiments with M. 
W. Hall
& Son, James, Bullock County, are being continued. 
The prob-
lems being studied are as follows:
(1) Comparison of corn meal and rice polish as part 
of the
concentrates for milk and butter fat production.
(2) Comparison of cotton seed hulls and corn stover and
cow pea hay as roughages for milk and butter fat production.
(3) To determine the cost of raising dairy heifers to a
producing age.
SWINE
The hog experiments for the past year were located in Marion
and Henry Counties. The questions under consideration were
as follows:
(1) The work in co-operation with the Sixth District 
Ag-
ricultural School at Hamilton, Marion County, consisted of 
a
test to determine the acre value in pork production of soy beans
and peanuts, as well as to determine the proper amounts of
concentrates to be fed with these crops.--Five lots of five pigs
each were used in this experiment as follows:
Lot 1-Dry lot; corn two-thirds, shorts one-third.
Lot2-Soy bean pasture, with one-fourth of a grain ration,
consisting of corn two-thirds, shorts one-third.
LotS3-Soy bean pasture; with a half grain ration, consisting
of corn two-thirds, shorts one-third.
Lot 4-Peanut pasture; with a quarter ration of grain made
up of corn two-thirds, shorts one-third.
Lot 5-Peanut pasture; with a half ration of grain, contain-
ing, corn one-third, shorts two-thirds.
(2) The work on J. F. Yarbrough's farm in Henry County
near Columbia was continued during the year. The problems
under consideration in this work were: to determine the cost of
raising and fattening hogs under farm conditions. Dr. Yar-
brough furnished the hogs and necessary crops and feeds for
this work, while the Station furnished the trained man, Mr. J.
(20)
A. McLeod, to personally supervise the experimental 
work. The
work at this place is largely a test on Bermuda, 
rape, peanuts,
velvet beans and such crops as are characteristic 
of the sandy
soils of the State. A test has recently been completed to as-
certain the amount of pork that may be produced on an 
acre of
velvet beans. Three lots of five pigs were used in this test, as
follows:
Lot 1-Dry lot; corn 10 parts, dried blood 1 part.
Lot 2-Velvet bean pasture; with a half ration of grain, con-
sisting of corn 10 parts, dried blood 1 part.
Lot 3-Velvet bean pasture; with one-half grain ration, con-
taining corn 10 parts, dried blood 1 part.
It is planned to duplicate this experiment next season.
Plans have been made to conduct some co-operative hog feed-
ing work with Judge B. M. Allen of Marengo County. Judge Al-
len's farm is a representative farm of the Black Belt section. It is
planned to test the carrying capacity and the amount of pork
that may be produced per acre on such crops as are character-
istic of this section of the State, such as alfalfa, melilotus, rape,
Bermuda, oats, etc. Some of these crops have been planted.
Mr. E. Gibbens, who has charge of the beef cattle work on the
same farm, will personally supervise the experiments with hogs.
POULTRY
The co-operative experimental work with poultry at the Sixth
District Agricultural School was continued during the year. The
value of oat and rape pasture, as influencing the cost of egg
production, is being studied at this place. Three lots of Rhode
Island Reds were used in these experiments as follows:
Lot 1 Dry pen feeding.
Lot 2-Oat pasture with grain.
Lot 3-Rape pasture with grain.
The experimental work with Mr. Herman Schlueterbusch at
Citronelle, Mobile County was continued throughout the year.
The Mobile County experiment is a study of the various feeds
to determine the cost of egg production. Four lots were used
in this experiment as follows:
Lot1-Dry mash, cracked corn and oats.
Lot 2-Dry mash and cracked corn.
Lot 3-Purina chowder.
Lot 4-Dry mash, cracked corn, and oats.
Yours very truly,
GEO. S. TEMPLETON,
Animal Hasbandman.
(21)
Report of the Horticulturist
Prof. J. F. Duggar, Director,
Sir:
Mr. G. V. Stelzenmuller, Field agent of the Horticultural De-
partment, and directly engaged in carrying out the plans and
work in horticulture under the Local Experiment Fund, at my
request has submitted the following statement regarding the Lo-
cal Experiment work in progress at several points in the State.
This work includes, in addition to field experiments, the gather-
ing of information about resources, adapabilities and actual de-
velopment along various horticultural lines in the various sec-
tions and counties. A considerable body of valuable information
has been gathered for reference and use. Demonstrations and
lectures have also been given by request at several points.
Very respectfully,
ERNEST WALKER,
Horticulturist.
Prof. Ernest Walker,
State Horticulturist,
Auburn, Ala.
Dear Sir:-
Succeeding Mr. H. M. Conolly, the present Field Agent has
been in charge of the local experiment work in horticulture
since July 1, 1913.
About the first of November of the year 1913, experiments
with late fall gardens were established at Albertville, Wetumpka,
Evergreen, and Fairhope. These tests included such vegetables
as lettuce, cabbage, onions, collards, beets, turnips, rutabagas,
radishes, etc., and were designed not only as fertilizer and va-
riety tests, but also as demonstrating the possibilities of late
fall gardening. The garden at Albertville was killed by frost,
indicating the necessity for earlier planting in that part of the
State. Excellent results were obtained in a private planting
at Fairhope and in a more extensive planting at the Fifth Dis-
trict Agricultural School at Wetumpka. The results of the tests
at Wetumpka were given in an article prepared by the Field
Agent and published in a local newspaper. In the fall of 1914,
winter gardens similar to those of 1913 were established at
Camp Hill, Bolling, Fairhope, and Summerdale.
Summer tests with fertilizers and varieties of tomatoes, sweet
corn, sweet potatoes, etc., were conducted at Wetumpka, point
Clear, and Grand Bay. The past summer was so dry that most
of these tests were failures in so far as yield of crops is con-
cerned.
(22)
On the farm of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Com-
pany, near Birmingham, Ala., is conducted a co-operative fer-
tilizer and variety test with nine different kinds of vegetables,
each supplied in turn with eleven different kinds and combina-
tions of commercial fertilizers. On this two-acre test plot the
different sources of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash are
being compared. The test is repeated every year.
Several varieties of new vegetables from Japan are being test-
ed at a number of points in the State.
Twenty plots of strawberries near Castleberry, Conecuh Coun-
ty, are used in experiments to determine the best fertilizers,
cover crops, and cultural methods for this horticultural crop.
Ginseng is being tried out in one of the many abandoned
shaded areas near Summerdale. These were erected at consid-
erable cost some years ago for growing a fancy grade of tobacco
and are now in general disuse.
Tea-growing, which has proved to be more or less successful
in South Carolina, is under experimentation at Summerdale,
Alabama.
Studies of the effects of fertilizers on pecan production, size
of nuts, susceptibility to disease, etc., are being conducted at
Fort Deposit and Fairhope. And arrangements have been made
for similar tests and for the study f varieties, at Camp Hill,
Tallapoosa County.
With the Satsuma ora.ge there was begun at Fairhope in
the spring of 1914 an extensive fertilizer and cover-crop test;
in this there are twenty-three fertilizer plots and nine cover-
crop plots.
Orders have already been placed for English walnut, Smyrna
and other kinds of fig, jujubes, chestnut, olive, almond, and other
trees to be tried out at three points in the State,-Camp Hill,
Bolling, and Fairhope.
Arrangements have been made for testing several promising
varieties of the basket-willow, where moisture conditions are
favorable.
The growing of Easter lily, hyacincth, and other bulbs and
flowering plants is under trial at Summerdale.
Much valuable information has been gathered from success-
ful truckers and fruit growers troughout the State, and arranged
in form for ready reference. Information along horticultural
lines has been freely given in the way of formal and informal
talks and demonstrations, and by correspondence.
Samples of new and promising fruits and nuts have been
collected, and descriptions and notes made and filed.
(23)
A number of plans for the improvement of school and home
grounds in the State have been drawn up.
Work of similar nature has been planned for the future. Ar-
rangements have already been made or are being made for
spring and summer tests and demonstrations in growing the va-
rious garden vegetables at several representative points in the
State; among them being Pratt City, Thorsby, Camp Hill,
Bolling, York, Evergreen, Atmore, Troy, Fairhope, and Sum-
merdale. New varieties of strawberries including the so-called
everbearers, will be tested at the several strawberry-growing
centers. Further experiments in pecan culture have been ar-
ranged for at Camp Hill. Demonstration tests in the growing
of flowers for the home garden are to be conducted. Plants
yielding perfumes will be tested at Summerdale, and probably
elsewhere.
The production of horticultural crops is being studied to as-
certain the exact costs and resulting profits per acre under aver-
age conditions.
The keeping of sweet potatoes through the winter is being
studied to determine the most profitable and satisfactory methods
to store crops of various sizes under the varying conditions ex-
isting on different farms. This includes a determination of
the losses by shrinkage and decay and an estimate of the labor
involved in each case.
A test of the effects of frosted vines in the flavor of sweet
potatoes was carried out with the co-operation of several growers
near Demopolis. The test embraced
(1) Effects of frosted foliage (light frost).
(2) Effects of frosted vines (severe frost).
(3) Check, no frost.
In one series the vines were cut off before thawing of frozen
parts took place. In the other the tops were not removed.
G.. V. STELZENMUTLLER,
Field Agent.
(24)
Junior and Home Economics Extension
Prof. J. F. Duggar,
Director Alabama Experiment Station,
Auburn, Ala.
Dear Sir:
Below I am giving you brief reports on the iollowing lines
of work in progress in this department for the past year:
Boys' Corn Clubs
Girls' Canning Clubs
Boys' Pig Clubs.
BOYS' CORN CLUBS.
I. B. Kerlin,
Assistant State Agent in Corn Club Work.
Enrollment and Average Results
During the year 1914 we had well organized corn clubs in all
the sixty-seven counties of the State, with a total of 3,359 ac-
tive members. The average yield of the boys reporting was
48.39 bushels. This average is not as high as in some former
years, but the season for growing corn was not as good. The
average yield of corn for the entire State for 1914 as only 17
bushels per acre. It will be observed, therefore, that the, corn
club boys made an average of 31.39 bushels more than the aver-
age yield in the State. The average cost of raising corn, in the
case of the boys, was 44 cents per bushel. Applying the same
rules, when 17 bushels to the acre is the yield, we find that it
cost the average farmer in 1914 seventy cents per bushel to pro-
duce his corn, or 26 cents per bushel more than it cost the
average corn club boy. Estimating corn at $1.00 per bushel,
which is about the present market price, we find that the aver-
age corn club boy made a profit of $27.10 per acre, while the
average farmer made a profit of only $5.10, or the average corn
club boy made a profit of $22.00 more than the average farmer.
Cooperative Work with the State Deportment of
Agriculture
During the past year we have had most cordial and friendly
co-operation with the Hon. R. F. Kolb, Commissioner of Agri-
culture and Industries. His department discontinued the gen-
(25)
eral corn contest, which it had conducted for a number of years,
and offered all the prizes which it had formerly been offering
for corn to the corn club boys through our organization. These
prizes were converted into scholarships as follows:
First State Prize. This is a prize scholarship valued at
$250.00 to the State College of Agriculture in Auburn, Ala-
bama, or to the agricultural school in the district where the
winner lives.
Second State Prize. This is a scholarship valued at $100.00
to a county high school.
County Prizes. In each county a prize scholarship valued
at $25.00 was given the boy making the best record. The win-
ners of these prizes are to use the money, or as much as is nec-
essary, to attend our Boys' Corn Club School of Practical Ag-
riculture during the summer of 1915.
The average yield of the boys winning these county 
scholar-
ships was 74.4 bushels per acre at an average cost of $24.86, or
an average of 33 cents per bushel. The average profit of each
of these boys was $49.54 per acre, estimating corn at $1.00 per
bushel.
Four Crop Contest
This contest is conducted in co-operation with the Central
of Georgia Railway Company. The company offers the prizes
and we organize the boys and instruct them.
If twenty-five or more boys entered the Four-Crop contest 
in
a county, the prize offered was a pure bred Shortnorn 
bull valued
at $135.00. If between five and twenty-five boys 
entered the
contest in a county, the prize was a pure bred Berkshire 
boar
worth $25.00. The capital prize for the boy making 
the best
record in all of the counties along the lines of this 
railroad was
a pure bred Percheron mare worth $300.00. In this 
contest each
boy entering had to grow four crops, using three acres 
of ground
as follows: an acre to corn, an acre to 
cotton, and an acre to
oats, cowpeas being planted after the 
oats were harvested.
We were able to organize this contest with twenty-five 
or more
boys in only four counties, namely: Coosa, Geneva, 
Talladega,
and Tallapoosa. The company purchased the prize 
bulls which
were to be offered in these counties sometime in advance 
and
loaned them .to good farmers in the counties 
mentioned above,
allowing the farmers in the community to have the 
free use of
the animal until it was awarded the boy. The 
farmers having
the use of this animal on his farm was required 
to build a dip-
ping vat and to purchase at least one pure 
bred Shorthorn
(26)
heifer. We have learned that the offering of these prizes and
the stationing of these bulls in the several communities resulted
in the purchase of fifty-six pure bred bulls, and in one instance
a man purchased a herd of pure bred Shorthorn heifers. The
total profit of the four boys winning the four best prizes in this
contest was $721.21.
In ten other counties along this railroad between five and
twenty-five boys entered the Four-Crop contest and the pure
bred Berkshire pigs were offered. The total profit of the boys
winning the pigs was $1,188.88. The average profit of each
boy was $118.88.
The purpose of a contest like this is to stimulate the boys in
better farming methods, to introduce pure bred livestock, and to
encourage the boys to adopt a regular system of farming that
is profitable and that will build up the soil.
Boys' Corn Club School of Practical Agriculture
On of the big features of the year in our work was the
short course in agriculture held for our corn club boys, and
known as the Boys' Corn Club School of Practical Agriculture.
In this enterprise we had co-operating with us the state, county,
and district agents in the Farmers' Co-operative Demonstration
Work, county superintendents, county high school principals,
agricultural school presidents, teachers in a number of the coun-
ties, judges of probate, courts of county commissioners, the
State Bankers' Association, business men and bankers in almost
every city and town in the State.
The State Bankers' Association, through the chairman of the
agricultural committtee, Judge C. E. Thomas, of Prattville, Ala-
bama, paid the railroad fare of one boy from each county to
and from Auburn to attend this school. The boys brought to
the school were those who had been members of the corn club
the previous year and had led in the club work in their respec-
tive counties. These trips to the school were given them as
prizes.
We had in attendance on this school a total of 166 boys from
all of the counties of the State except six. The school lasted
from August 4 to 9.
The boys attending the school made a total of 8,862.78 bushels
of corn at an average cost of 36 cents per bushel. The average
yield was 58.39 bushels. Estimating corn at $1.00 per bushel,
the boys in attendance on this school made a profit of $5,820.17,
or an average profit for each boy of $54.91.
(27)
While the boys were in Auburn they were entertained by 
the
College of Agriculture, and given a splendid course 
of lectures
and demonstrations along all lines of agriculture. We 
are still
keeping in close touch with these boys and hope to stimulate
them to be the leading farmers in their communities. The Boys'
Corn Club School of Practical Agriculture will be a 
perma-
nent feature of our work each year.
The Louisville Trophy
At the Conference for Education in the South in Louisville,
Kentucky, last April, a prize trophy was offered for the State
making the best showing with ten corn club boys. Below is 
a
summary of the ten Alabama boys who entered this contest and
won this trophy for Alabama:
Average number of bushels per boy...............................................171.83
Average cost per acre or per boy.................................................... ...$ 31.73
A verage cost per bushel................................................................................ .182
Average profit for each boy.............. ................. ...... $140.14
This means that a profit of $1,401.40 was made on the 
ten
acres, estimating corn at $1.00 per bushel. In fact 
much of
this corn was sold for seed corn at a much better price.
GIRLS' CANNING CLUBS.
Madge J. Reese, State Agent in Girls' Canning Club Work.
There were organized in Alabama for Canning Club work
from December, 1913, to December, 1914, 19 counties, with an
enrollment of 2015 members, an increase of 9 counties and 
882
members over the previous year. The counties organized were
Autauga, Baldwin, Calhoun, Chilton, Conecuh, DeKalb, Eto-
wah, Franklin, Jefferson, Macon, Marengo, Marshall, Mobile,
Monroe, Pickens, Pike, St. Clair, Tuscaloosa and Walker.
These members were divided into 211 clubs. Each county had
its canning club agent who supervised the work of the clubs.
The county agent was employed for 4 months; for 15 days dur-
ing the spring months to organize clubs, give instructions in
planting and cultivating tomatoes and other vegetables; dur-
ing the summer months, to visit garden plots, hold club meet-
ings and give canning demonstrations, and for 15 days during
the fall months to collect reports of the club members, award
county prizes and submit an annual report to the State agent.
In organized counties, where no county agents were employ-
(28)
ed, 440 girls were sent circular letters of instructions from 
this
office. These girls were encouraged to do canning for home
use only and were not permitted to market canned products
under the club label, as'there had been no direct supervision of
their work.
According to the annual reports sent in by the county agents
of the 19 organized counties, the club girls reported 95,714 No.
3 tin cans of tomatoes and 58,714 glass jars of tomatoes, string
beans, okra, figs, peaches, berries, and other fruits and vegeta-
bles.
T otal value ................................................ $27,318.21
Cost .......... ............... ............. 8,097.50
Profit ............................................. .................. 19,012.26
Average cost per member .......... .. 11.68
Average profit per member .................. 27.43
Etowah county, which has been in the work three years, re-
ports the greatest number of cans and jars filled.
Number filled ............... ...... 46,533
Tomatoes sold fresh ........................... $ 193.43
Money value ..................... 7958.65
C ost .................... ............................................. 1988.48.
Profit .......... .......................... .. ................ 5970.17
The county had an enrollment of 136 girls, and of these 113
reported. In 1913 Etowah County led in record as a county
in the fifteen Southern States doing canning club work. This
year she ranks close to the top.
Monroe County has the following record reported by 71
girls:
Number jars and cans filled........................ 15,482
Tomatoes sold fresh ............................. ......... $ 71.00
M oney value ........................................................... 2559.51
C ost ................................................................................ 94 9 .4 2
P rofit .......................................................................... 16 10.0 9
The work of several other counties deserves special mention.
Chilton County Club girls reported 9580 cans and jars, Mar-
shall County 13481, and Tuscaloosa 6498. In Pickens, a county
just started in the work last spring, 17 club girls filled 6286
cans and jars. The Autauga County clubs sold fresh tomatoes
to the value of $995.39.
The best records of club girls were made by Hester Sartain,
of Walker County, and Kathleen Hubbard, of Marshall County.
No. cans and jars tomatoes..................... 1620
No. cans and jars fruit.............................. 1047
M oney value ..................................................... $221.35
(29)
Cost ........ .... ...................... ............ 75.15
Profit ............................... ................... ............. 46.20
No. cans and jars tomatoes ..................... 1269
No. cans and jars fruit ................ ..... 288
Money value ..................... $164.65
Cost ........................................ 40.32
Profit .......................................... ................... 124.33
The county agents have traveled during the four months on
duty 14,510 miles, held 198 club meetings, visited 2,073 club
members and 353 rural schools. Miss Tappan, of the Monte-
vallo Girls' Technical Institute, my associate in the club work,
has traveled from September 1 to December 30, 2,905 miles. I
have traveled from August 1 to December 30, 7,345 miles, in-
cluding travel to and from Washington and the Carolinas.
Farm demonstration agents, county superintendents of educa-
tion and rural teachers have heartily co-operated with the county
club agents.' Commercial clubs, business men, county fair asso-
ciations, county boards of revenue and women's clubs of the
State have been very generous in donating club prizes and have
assisted the county agents in marketing the canned products of
the club girls. Our markets are good and all of the clubs have
marketed their products in their own counties.
We shall probably not organize more than two or three new
counties in the club work for 1915, but we have increased the
term of our county agents from an average of 4 months to 8
months in the 19 counties. In the counties where our agents
are on from 9 to 12 months the agent will also have charge of
the Home Demonstration Work for Farm Women. We are plan-
ning to teach our farm women more about home sanitation,
proper methods of cooking, the making of good butter, poultry
raising, home gardening, labor saving devises and home con-
veniences.
Our Department will conduct a series of Movable Schools of
Agriculture in 20 counties during the winter and spring months.
A short course in Home Economics for farm women and girls
will be offered. Practical demonstrations in various phases of
Home Economics will be given by Miss Tappan and me at these
Movable Schools.
The educational value of the club work and the power gained
by the club girls in doing things in a scientific way and in feel-
ing that they play a part in the big commercial world cannot be
measured in dollars and cents. For the year 1915 our appro-
riation from state, federal and county sources amounted to
$7,270.50. We have to record in actual profits $19,012.26. For
(30)
every dollar expended in the Canning Club Work a profit of
$2.61 was realized.
BOYS' PIG CLUBS.
J. C. Ford, State Agent in Pig Club Work.
The Pig Club work was carried on during 1914 in the follow-
ing counties:
Baldwin, Bullock, Butler, Chilton, Clay, Colbert, Cullman, La-
mar, Lauderdale, Macon, Marshall, Pike, Shelby, Tallapoosa,
Tuscaloosa, Walker.
The following tabulation shows at a glance the scope of the
work in the State:
No. counties. No. boys enrolled. Value of prizes offered.
17 1,183 $675.00
In addition more than fifty boys living in unorganized coun-
ties have received literature and instructions from this office.
Some of these have reported excellent results.
For the work of 1915, we are adding to our list the following
counties: Fayette, Geneva, Henry, Lee, Marion and Pickens.
Other counties will be added each year until the work has been
extended over the entire State.
Respectfully submitted,
L. N. DUNCAN,
Supt. of Junior and Home Economics Extension Department.
(31)
Report of Plant Pathologist
Prof. J. F. Duggar,
Director, Alabama Experiment Station,
Auburn, Ala.
Dear Sir:
I am herewith submitting a brief statement relative to the
Local Experiment Work in the Department of Plant Pathology
for the past year.
A very considerable amount of time was devoted during the
first part of the year to a study of citrus canker, a new disease
occurring in the Gulf Coast States. The serious nature of this
disease can best be appreciated, perhaps, when it is known that
the Federal authorities have issued, because of fear of the further
introduction of citrus canker, a quarantine against the world on
the importation of all citrus nursery stock. Florida and Lou-
isiana had previously issued such quarantine affecting not only
foreign countries, but also neighboring States.
The demonstrations conducted in several places upon the use
of self-boiled lime surphur in the control of peach brown rot and
freckle have been very successful. One report states that less
than one per cent of loss occurred on trees the crop of which
had been a total loss during the previous year.
The reports on egg plant rots and a leaf disease of Persian
walnuts have been published during the year as technical pa-
pers in Mycologishes Centralblatt. A concise account of straw-
berry leaf blight has been prepared and published in the Pro-
ceedings of the Alabama State Horticultural Society.
Inquiries, during the past year, relative to plant diseases and
their control have been more numerous than during 1913.
Very respectfully submitted,
FREDERICK A. WOLF,
Plant Pathologist.