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SPRING 1983

VOL. 30, NO. 1

k ( I I I, kr I ( I IN 1-( 1)( ) r I ( )I I ( t II u A I , LI) a II I a k II II I-T I r I c II

( ard II I a .

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I

help tell the story of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station during earlier years. From top to bottom: Students help care tor research orchards in this 1904 photo; cows outnumbered cars around Coiner Hall in 1924; Experiment Station faculty poses for official photo in 1918: and the first fish ponds at Auburn were constructed in 1933, using mule teams and slip scrapes.

1, ditol ial Uollmlittcc. (;\[[ V B1(11\\\v of. k-"l-icultill a/ Fit-

It, lk" A o(i(ltc PloICs ol-ofllolti Illtmc: 1). 11. (;1[ [ l Asso60l, 1Y(4Csso1- ol I).\. xlwl I , A/11111ni Ass(wiatc 1Yofc-NS01- ol Animal
S( iclicc, \\ . V. I I \i !)) , , k Nociatc IYo./f, sol ol,

A_-0cfl/tf11.(d Fcollooli( (Ind M11(11 So(ioiKI I I I )_ A .Smiatc JYol(, Wl ol.llic obiolo_,11 11\_A O.Nfmit Pl-oll, ol- o/ A utl itioll mid H. F, II \ i \")\.

1111111 ull volliflilird 111,1-cill 11111h
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On February 23, 1983, the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station completes 100 years of service to the people of Alabama. This is an appropriate time to review our accomplishments, take stock of our current status, and consider the direction for the future. From exceedingly humble beginnings that included only a couple of staff members and a few acres of land designated for re search, the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station has grown into a major center of research. It reaches into all parts of the State and touches the lives of all its citizens. Today, as we celebrate our 100th anniversary, the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station employs over 200 agricultural scientists and almost 500 support personnel. They work on more than 300 research projects. Literally thousands of individual experiments are conducted annually in the search for answers to an assortment of problems that affect the farmers and citizens of this State. Experiments are conducted at the main research stations at Auburn and Shorter and at 21 other sites around the State on 21,000 acres. The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station was created by a state legislature that was concerned about the well-being of its people and the success of the State's primary industry, agriculture. The legislators, in their honest quest to provide a better life for the people of Alabama, exhibited great wisdom and far-reaching vision. During the intervening years, every legislator has had an opportunity to reaffirm that first commitment to the State's agricultural and forest industries by supporting the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. From the beginning, the mission of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station has been clear: to conduct scientific research that will enhance the establishment and maintenance of a permanent and effective agricultural industry in the State. Over the

years, we have refined, added to, and expanded our mission to include basic research, which affects all of agriculture and forestry. In more recent years, we have placed greater emphasis on protecting our soil and water resources and on improving the quality of our environment. Because of the breadth of our research programs, no attempt will be made here to define the total impact of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station on the people of this State. Instead, this centennial issue of Highlights of Agricultural Research will document only a few of its accomplishments during the past 100 years. Success of our research programs can be effectively measured by the knowledge that is generated. We live in a technological age where the quality of life, and even the survival of civilization as we know it, is dependent upon our accumulated knowledge. Although much of the research done by experiment station scientists finds immediate use in agricultural programs, there is a significant amount of research that contributes only to our pool of scientific knowledge. This knowledge pool provides the future basis for more efficient and more productive agricultural and forestry industries. It is important that we maintain a healthy and well-supported research program for the well-being of the present generation and for generations yet to come. Our future accomplishments should match or exceed our past accomplishments, which have provided for a more successful agriculture and for a better life for all of us. We are constantly reviewing our research programs. This often results in a redirection of resources into new research priorities. From the very beginning of the Experiment Station, we have utilized the collective wisdom of our scientists and administrators, along with input from the agricultural, forestry, and business communities, to chart the course of our research efforts.

The financial base of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station has always been somewhat tenuous. The fertilizer tax, which provided for the establishment of the Experiment Station, was never sufficient to fully support the desired research programs. The Federal Hatch Act of 1887 and direct State appropriations beginning in 1907 provided the first relatively sound and continuous financial support for the Experiment Station. The State appropriation was $152,168 in 1936 and had reached one million dollars by 1958. For the past 5 years, the State appropriation has been between 7 and 8 million dollars per annum out of a 20-million-dollar annual budget. Throughout the history of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, there have not been sufficient funds to address all of the recognized research problems. With the increasing complexity of researchable problems and the high cost of conducting research, there is an even greater challenge to our scientists and support personnel. The single greatest asset of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station is the scientists and support personnel who conduct the research that provides answers to problems affecting our agricultural and forestry industries. The record of accomplishments is, indeed, a tribute to the dedication and perseverance of these individuals to their research programs. The challenge for the future is quite simple: provide the knowledge that will make possible a better life for the citizens of this State and Nation. This requires the dedication and intellect of the imaginative and hard-working men and women who make up the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. We have effectively met the challenges of the past 100 years, and I am convinced that we will be equally successful in the years ahead.

Gak A. Buchanan
Dean and Director Februarq 23, 1983

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station

3

Development of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station During Its First 100 Years 1883-1983
.. Iiiir Is tees slIial I 12t Ila) i an tI mllainitain I itn ag4ricuIlt uial fai in or stationl vxx t carefulI iit' ri ci Itur .or ... Withi those simnple \\ (irts siigm'd into State

lax\ ill I'clbruarx

188:3, the Alabama Ag-

ritiltiiial Expeiment Station \xas created lb\ the all 110is trators o f' thll States landigirant college at Auburn. A cciiturx later, the Expei i((iit Stationi still 'ondulIcts "carefulf expe rllil2)tx lIut onl a x anet x of' topi cs relatell to an agiricullture 111011cllgell thli thec fraiiicrx of the act purlbablx could Ilasec iiiiag.ililld. ox ei these 1001 \ers, the Alallailla ALgrictilral Expei nit Station 11,1 c'Ialigill as ouri agr iculturial aond I(11west ildlis tries liax 1 changed. to fullfill the deliauds of its I l'clic Illissioll.

'The I 882-83 sessioni of the I'gslatille paissed the act w ihel i nclulded a c-all foiali exper 11 'imetstation at the iniiistcrc of'i Ala(1 baia fairmlers xs'i) 11((12( protectlion fi'oi

Taking records in the "Old Rotation" plot in 1923. Established in 1896 to test advantages ot rotating T[hus, the H axs kins' Bill, as the act xxas cotton and legumes, the "Old Rotation" is still active on the same plots. kiiowni prosvidled fo(i- the iiis1)etioln anid cer1 tificaitioni If fcrtilizei s sold x\ itlii the State. Alabl la'sa land-gran t cI ll ege at \ubr w((11 xas gis lin tas ef~ lli nix52 (iffertiiiicnts onl the ('anebr'akt'e~\' ciiriit E lizi'r sampilles, receix iog4 inl r('tli on(e('thlird 1tationx ia tliltwi'e leteileto Ilh of'thn' ((('('I'llc pi cted from(1( fee charged a to thie fcritlizer sellers. 'Ibe iiia~(lit (If' tilt State' mo(((st imporiiitant tariilling 'glill thel I fliiits 1)1o\Iitled to the collegec wxas spent ill Black Bt pe -frfiiniig the f'rrti li/el aidax sex, li t somle Bcgiimni il 1887, wh'n thlt U.S. ('onli(ioiic5 xxas left pro\1 (i'c land fur)i the Agto the Hal~tchI At't toi prjI il gi Icss p)ass('( rut ural Ex\perime('lt Stat ion at Aubhurn. S 15 t0t00 aniiuall\ to each stitt' f'oi ali igA small dlemonstr atio iri ni hlad been ope'ratetd ax a teacll il g Ial 111at) ii f'oir agriciultuoral classes sinc thIe AgricouIturlal & Mlil 01ital College (if' Ala1 111(1a xwas e stall lished ill 1872 as tilt State s land-graniit colcIt/teeI tlte (jute or 11toltiI to c'oillege. WXithl iilont' adsvanced bx the State' il 188:3, th li'College's trus '(5piulchasedi an15tee curac id m(( 101 )esistel('i aIs' to rett(It Ii(' 226i acres for farml r('s( ai cl plots an d ('ilploxc t a irgiilia etfotated scientist, Jalicts . Ness manl, as thlt E'Xperilloeut thc 11'(ccssitf/ for ani a(,ih',ttt ,al Station's first tdiirectorl andt thit ('ollcgc's sece'XI)c1iltCiet I 5(1tioit tl'Ite 'ti('I inond11 pl'Ift'55111 of agriculture. L es'tigatiolltar ct((ondultc'ted (im the I i ('dlii Ncxx ill ii 1ea 15 'stI i (Ils oIii tgill
swxe'et potatoes, anit a sa Ict\ I f'rtiits and(1 5(g('talll(s all xx tli tin' Inlp (If' a staff that inicludted (1111 a c'liinist, XXC. Stubbs, andlitIls txxo lahioratoli assistants..At the
xx bat,

geticral _(!o)o(
James S. Newman

tit

1(r tlte auIsJpi(cc of
S.
'Seciiil(H

tite Stoite." l8813

a

Statiotn xx,lx abdx toi cX'\atit itx p)11141aml of' t'\ptiieriitx loti 'Xiabaina i tini x. li ti,
(of tampei

131111

~'

I

ating faill il
plticel'xI

in pi 11141 n of' tc>1

I I1
I

uu3~

Cuittxatill atix

foMnd acjroxx li'
'

the x al ixx of Soilx State'. lit 189:3 lu coopti1
xxas xtentcilt o cornIl I

I!
At'

arr-ailgeielit ill

14 oxxcrx atndi pax 1111 xialnix.aitIlC

1901,

to as

filiix'rx xx lix''ill'

lb

Thbe f't'deilnoe ls loc h S tat iont to add Iio its xxetntific xt aff. PI. \Iii xxho bad bt'c'ti a pt'oftxxior (If' tiaa
Iiixtot x aiid of Stationi serveC boisltlt. axs tlielxl F liotitt'i laltlgltgex at ti Co('i iteget xitix ic 1878 xxa em piox ed iii i188S axs tht \il xltilxelflttl \\ ax to cillicilt Statioiii x x'otit

directoi- fluoll 1898 to 1902. Ali llilxtatltIitg ilgislt xxax fMiid ill C.F1. Atkinsxon xx 11, tiioogb otdx xx li thiie Station frioit 1.889 toI 1892, c'arn('d ntit\ bit fox ii dixcox eix that
cottonl rilsxI xtt'ilitt' fiotll)it lack iof potashxi

Corner Hall under construction in 1907. It burned in 1920, but was rebulilt and still presides over Ag Hill.

lin 1892, C(A C(ai\ joinc'd tb' Coicg'and Stationt ix s it Itilariati aiiit alxso xi x I'l lie' Statiolits a dait x atid Iiieait itixspccIII Ori. l
('aix aixo adtiltixtt'rcd

"Let tels /1(11 1 rl*((('d f/it' Ihtree torts offic (hlill, f/ilst ijtia' '?Ii asking for- inforilltifol oil toplics re/ott jug to oreha rd.', f/ic, lailds awd fecrtiierv .;iita/)/ej the( slic' frn

-fltt'i X Oit'ri('a eui tere(/ f/u' It ai /eads 01 (hl-t'prilleuits of f le Exp)ei)i(it Station lwere rec(fiieste(/ to g(iuc /11 ' erlice to t/iose pr)ojeects e 1)011inig ali ilii))iedhate bcairilig oil

Station xlpotxoled fiaiiier nnecingx fliat xxec' flrc'itmlti't of tihe Aliaiia ( 1119)CI ,ltixe 'xtcnion Se rx i C Dilil" tig \ . ltotrltits xacu ta tet ax tlic'tltnt ixt belxx liti IS92 and 1895, lie adl
hecated titxi

tbc

I'AItrlm"tllt

eeS-full

('li/iolt i loll of(ol'ii, ('oftoii,

the ili('h'(15( ofth iatiolis foo(/ f/c Stipplies. Anl evahiihiatioli of t/ie
projeots fIlc ill

/hand .sh/oteed t/at

'SO M))iOof t/emu a/eadihJ/adl t/his

suxstitutiotn (If toiaccl Cultlrc 1111 iih xx

fo(i- Cottonll

littt ltt'ucexx. \lot
Ill

Ic at' lit

tiead xxax

thet xx(Ik

is~ xstutcssor, john11 ill tesxt

F.

Diggai, xx1

lextabilihit't aPilot

aiid

and ilk andi( buter tlhe /)e't /breeds of stock for f/is i';(iiiiat(' and1( /ir~ to take ('ire(
/ioio to fie.o/ fr of t/ie flict grade(/(s of,

(/ireC'f. applio'atioll to food pr-o

pr'oblems.' t/iat re/ati t/ij little (.hlhige ihi the chiire//ll of' icork ita.' made uiecessaii bit f/ic
(/titioii

stoek.hasl eekll caxx ax ti l co1 lt ltill I oixxs tll, xailt' plolts xil(l' Statiotn xtafl in

Patrick H. Ale/I. 1901
IDwgar., 191.9
Clitllltlilllli

M 6. A ioticitilit
18596.

txt and~ canic inl 1907, xxin

liii't

t'e Statc rcifacll lilt a\xx ibditi' Itix I

'icliltiiia

Hiall

ini

1907 anti p~aid lot it

ie-

1)1 atlilx
lllltiC

Thei Aiailaina Lci at't iiC alsol il ic ctontruclitioni of' ('0111r Ag-

it \\a azd/i bx fit-( in 1920. (otlict Hal tiiiiill i't'xite o((XI .\g Hill, firoml its biftx perch il h lighet sit't grioli otil the
Asx flniiii4ill" icse antI)( xl~leil111 still bt'is xxciC adided, xlilct x Olattet tilpa tio('iils c\ oix ud to Coordinatc liii (icraxillgix cotlil\ i-cxscaici progill. I lot tilttrc t'ailicti duiail iletill staltus ill 19(31.3x ii .. Iackinloxb a itslwa(i Litotiolx xNits gixcii thesalic disxtinction ill 1906 tiliCi I'S. Earle. Cr~iops aiiti Sojixs xx'ax0 14,itl/tti ax a (ielarti tit iti 1919 and ilt'taic tii( Dx' pat tilietit (If \groloilll inl 19.31. DlT '1(iax beanlox cacct at Aobunit itl his x0ix sc~d theiii firtxl icadl of' Atiniiai Intitt whxenxt lht (ilf)aii'illt \'its cx~ireaited iti 190(17 andi i'h~~ltll Ix filixti theC Statioin dii eetot x ft unio 1921 toi 1924. C ax aixo bxt'ain tue( first (ilicctol to l \xc cocilIN I 'itsd duati oif, Iix
SIcholl~ of, kgrit'ilii'.

ildiigill afl

A\ hlost oh nl'xx \ age'll nd li

tl

iis

\\x ldits adde

tll lilt

'h firxt half'ol'thlt

20thi cct't'llll' lie'cl l';lox'l

WithCiidu/ehi tel

liin

xtianit
to dl

nitolt Statioln \\,its aiiii iinxasiont lfthit

cs

lllxx itt(,\\

ii for

1910'

proml'llpte'd itallrchi

pll't'x tinct'l

llt II111 lit)2(1 x anti Cdxtt ll: thcli tl

19:3t1
t

xro cal'eli fl c dc14ft -

lrx

prir

191f toi 1920'
i(Wtix xto n tilx

ax 19i:30's ca1l'ledft'
xx iit' i'4ilirit m

increaseltd

paxxetd iii 19016 tipitt

1

tbc' Statioii'x annltli John F. Duggar

xx\ F". [.lox (I axs iib F. head, ftai 1ctitmelnlt iii 1908.g LAtilbirl Etiixctitg fo(iloxx-,( tiin 191(5. xoot galilling natiotnal Atlitioti xxitfi the t~c Colpill'ilt of' the xx dlix\ adioptedxl ci oxtionl olilitli4( Botanili a Staitioii

Alabamia Agiiltu

ral

Expo'rimn

Sttion

The "Nichois Terrace design permitted tractor operation in terraced fields (top). Cabbage production research was begun at the Gutt Coast Substation tn 1929 (right).

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is

an tal

Iwt! iii tlit

(ii1p1111ii cit.

I
1921 to N51.

all atii_ lm ii 1st in 19 9
Stitiiiii

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Top This POLl lly farm n the I I II P .1. ,L 0i try 10 earch ni i 1new facli ties were provided in the 1970 s. Bottom Organized torestry research began in 1927 with pine plantings on this eroded tield at Auburn.
I 11 Im I . T 1 i I 1\ \I \IX 111 I iX\ l\iiiXim " 1 1X1,1IIN Sis II
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THIS PAGE: Left-the new 3,200-acre main station, near Milstead, was developed during the tenure of Director R. Dennis Rouse (left) and named in honor of Director E.V. Smith (right); below-Ornamental Horticulture Field Stafion, Mobile, was established in 1951; TurnipseedIkenberry Place, donated in 1976, provided a place for pecan research. OPPOSITE PAGE: Funchess Hall (top) was dedicated in 1961, new poultry facilities were added in the 1970's (left center), and the Solon Dixon Forestry Education Center was donated in 1979 (right center)

till'

ItI

Ini the fpast tiiie dt(eades, Aliabul Ia agrieliltil t hals clilllged gi eatix . Fairming has Iletollit more) lixCsifieti andt lbuslit'ss 1' orc)1 e ts't co('tton 1(1 )lltrt'alt' lhas gix enI xxax to at

Althou)Igih invest'tigation s inito

p)roducion10

and

mod1111(ities ('(oitilliwd to diiiite the Statlonl s p1 og ail ill 1 thel fpoxt \orld War 11 petjod "people 01 i(Ote(lI ecscel tr~ gi xIn iipilortdll('e An

miarketing of farinm

mldix idil
chanlge'd

II ill sizI' inctre(ase'dl Th('

labaia

git. s101t-Ii\ t ('oopif~ tixe xxjitlift nllx ' rextarcl unit of the 19:3f0 s i lx i\ cd( in the 1950's b\x the Loologx Llltouologx I)epart
01

i t-it tia too), tioP1 lx ide tli kooxx I('tg(' 11 '(('ssi'xfo fifl uiniers andi tonl sumer's to adaplft to thi(ir rapily c hanigilng xworld.
Edxxill gratiiat' V. (B.S.

1950I's, Statlin agiculturial e(onlomlists bcgall to t'oiisitlei tille prolilll thadt ag-

Si thl

lt'tallt

Lxferiillelt tilat polsitioin.

1929) to) hld

I 965,
H.

At)

cognitioni of' thflt fici' Iis gr owxin g
Rouse, xxh hadi Jo1( illed tihe

illlfortilit't' I)ennix

1944 uin'til fit' tooik up tilt polst ll(' xxas to) hold( S tatio in 19-49 andI scei(d its associ(1ate dIirec1) f'oi 21 x trs . t 11(1 Slmith, tit(- Station stall' ttold)1r( F.\ . Smlith xillict 1966 beeiiu hetanice ltrgt'crit ec)eializedt ats1el al 11)1 tlie Station (diltector and School of \grieulCattlt' fIl li t rx aund xxi Id IifC tollstrx atill beIt- till) deanl ill 1972. l)iig his 8 \er aitsa itx
eattle topic's (If' illrtl'st'

rt'st'art'h inter ext. cdl'tt faeilities to uipgradie Alalxllll's agicuilturial I ierell xx steill. The1 cornterxtone of' the) inl~l' ode i/atioll fgilln \\ asIIxx purichaxe ad d(1 (11i l it tlhe (I x of' it .320ff aei tiraet xx 11c field plotxS f'orI agrooi 0 I and1 hIl~llorticultulral I (seal-C(i tl the bul1k 1)1fleet Oal tii xcattle fll( xxorIk

l('dll grexx ats xxeli. I)edieated in 1961 xxer(' l('x houildinlgs fori tit' iloIlgital st'it'llt'('5Flullc'1ess 11111) and a(nI ii stcit'nces ILix ('tltk
'Xrt'lla 1,lilll'lt

Nicats tLabiliatol-\
bilinlgs f'll

an

anli i It'

xxt'll txxo its
sc'iti'is

c'oopt'rating

fi-oii

NI ('(lilt Stigg 1-1ll)
llarx

Aillll Is Nit' ctiilI

Stchool oIf' Netti Hall anti tht' B.S.
55 stt'f atdditt ain

Tilt (11th ilng I tsedrt'l

1951. A\founidationl 5't't stiocks farmo f'Ollowed in 195:3. Ili tha~t siii xyeai, a Soil Testing Lahoitiii\ xwxits e'stabllisht'd at Aiubiiin, xxhfit'ch Ialix /t'5 tilouIIsands 5o(f Soil Sa111plIts ann iii lx al il makt's I'rt iitr ret') 11111' i
dlations 1)r iIIany 5 x

"As si'ebli a~s fnL' h(aads wtill appeariI, (igii'uttial scYientlists wrill in iti(It( research (tiined ait their reiniotal. It i's onlq t jrojng/ the ctitstan it vigilanice tof Igri(ultu r(Il 5(teli(ce (id the appli('ationl of scien ti/ic iniforntiationi bit fier that A inerica itiaitainis its tL'ell-fe( statlis. "-Edini V.5 ilith. 1971)

ifi'tilt

tirops.

To st'rx t ti(' c

lt''(i(fStation

scientists fill
xxvas forineti ill

rapid analx xix (If' rt'strt'h, at Department~t oIf'

"T A/alaii Xric u/tutu-l Ex (11(1 peri.ntetnt Stationi is pl(Ininhg a research p rograhii not onby dIirected1 towa rd soh'iii, p)robl('uis of p ro(luchtin, iniaiketing-, a(id processitng p rolcts oJ'ariio anid forest for consuinters, lbut also proriding~ re'sea rch iniformtation that is nieeded fior souind rutral dICrelopinient anil lanid uise planining that will en'su re the con intied prodlictit'itij of ani abuntdanice of agricilturial pro(lucts and at the 's'iie tunte prov'ide guidesfor better livig ini rural as well as urbani Alabaiia.--R. IDen ni's Rouse, 1973

Researeb 1iata Anilysx is

1957.

Alabania Agricultural LxIpcrinent Station

I I
l

A 111I il/ti

I ic

Prit\s

Iit

- t gi nt

1

g

ticltu',althe

(('t~X St'gaie,

P. \\c li~lld llc
'iO \ l1)1 it,
' ctresl-h

t

ill'i) altt tit

o

itsI l

11( be'

m So ompexb\11 that tt il
tillIcn Ai'~~ Vice

tl' I
ri

tlt'\

firA

'turetiome

Fxmomls

a198(1crni rillsN

3

eiiiil c om" tll i

l)s
ol o

l)llld t tild ear

the wtch-~
' r g 'i till o'

ilh

w etree

sopol

s Stll l

eN 1)too

tk

tie

1))tton' itt i''tlttlI' at a' c ii l II 1751to f ' 11)l)0 IIt ils I'le ', I ' tIl t t Ill' Nt l''o X t'C o Foil theei

t'Xto pit ltI st c il

l i

',h

il0 c

I'itr , t

l

poerst

i

It' cl~lto te

Sc)11 piet l 'Ait t'

t

iat l111tt

iledlle Il

'

~llt
t I

lti' Dealht i llgilt( t.t, Bilgia (It) I Ill

198))', alc
f lk'tt aglcela'c , NO )Ia

dac)111 of, liX *I i Il werc'\ Ff1111iti( i .ll u tol'. l of1) ill it ico 1) ibetXeen'l Suiburn at its Ill' a' ll(, AX I'll I1I' e l o

tc o o

~

locateti nea'r \ii'tt'at
\IoltgoleX I Iatilit

i l'tl num i m tOlttl)I )1 stafle
eettiun Xct

ei

eat i. of'

iitgatlillI

1975 imtlt

5hi
III g l i/t

e 965.

e l aniI hrltol

folo wed :X \et'rs' latet. t 3
i ll l SOl . XX8 's g'iila~a Alabama ar e t 1(5 f l-c t rtesaiiX

(1 tt
1111 es

it it

~l~
ihose

p lit

o

peio.fte

e

tritlxe

Il' l'~titt ipries

lXI'' it't

itcI'

c',t alaltilill I i ll iNli tttt nt

111)1 it
plat.cll

l

II l I

I tt

l iIt kelo1 'rIXat is III' It l
reit od le 96 11iil

I

ills bfct' I ic ctt li Ne I

iim t'

' opi \atlyti

(1(or uchmanha
-3ucha-a ,ind 197 etry f rll t (SOhoCg itte eae cenI t

diectd m o

f' itrr

iir
I

a s

n t il 1) olill let

Itt

i itt wi\thNIt

"W~e at Auburni are alert to for new pro.,ramns that a(di~

I'etltlaiIt As

itttSationS t' Ii',

t'~

ture problems i agricultur forest ry, as well as general concerns. While needs catti identified by1 special initerest ?1C________ groups, the Agricultural Ex meat Station mast make the decisions that fin ally deterni which needs are addressed search." -Gale A. Buchania

pe~~'Lan itdeo22nfat
UniCone Sr~igs,

Ditor

I touII

acqu'iire i

197,

io

~rtillt

alidal

1)itI lf)N itecatln p'I'sea ti

tI11111 ' i

Alabama Agricultu ral Experiment Station

Research: Past, Present, Future

INNOVATIVE...
I hat
m tt k
sl

.111 If

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i ft itt ii

sii t

li \\ttit
pilo tfot clop

it\ill

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lm

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Is

til
to itit

l
t lt

1
1

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j

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itt(. td(.ttI I
\I1111 1iiultt

i iiixi t'
i

i

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x

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S t

it(iii iii lii

i i
itii f fto ii

mco SlLitt ith X

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i titId

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I (kI I I I

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f It

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ittt

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til

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If d o I Ii f it sotft t oIt (o ti t ( ix Ii plo 'Ii ithitt i ts
i

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i

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1

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I

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iti(t 1ii tilt

sack k tilt
200 itt

tcai
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titc i

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II

l I) .s i 'x 111 11 sliii It ii ts it(It

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ft
t

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id

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1

tl

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x

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tiu I

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itii i i ihi Ii 'siIt I I tx xx
as it t t
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tlot

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l itA ixtiitII ,it ii la Ittit

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it I st11 i t u i' I it 11ii

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,

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t,(' i ll

ll

s

f o

i ,t Ii I I t

i~ t

xx il I fIt I xt II

I x I x it i i i tt i ()I I-

AGRONOMY AND SOILS
fo s

Weed science research. begun in fhe tate 19.40 s. has prov ided fhe scientific know-how for a fechnical revolution in crop weed control.

it ( 1\ t

tiIi iiI, I\ Ii .

i itI

II

T ill

of)

t Ii , f\it-i

bilt~

li iiflitx t ii o
I tilt

iiitit y'ilo'

it t

flit

ito

xx iii Hiit.i t
1111 1i sii i i .

it (AIi

c oilii sc dix

t )(-,I iti xI

i
t

i x ift(1Il \ i tI ilt

oft I

I

Ai 'll )iu! lit I ft !II Isif t i

oix s

i Iiii'
li

I
l

itt

t i It

til.

sI \N it i

f xt \

oI Ilii it
xI I I

I I It itt x I x

t fI

til it

N I

i ichIi

I xIxI

A m Lii

I)

iat I fi

t.

ifc ,if

1

i

it

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xi

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f 1i'101

)

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-

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i-tt ' llit I (II

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.jn
(',)II I
ofl II 11111It
,

s soil testing lab, shown here in its first location, has developed a reputation as one of the best in the Nation.
iIl,llt/,c 'i m w11,,I i',f i
I

i l it

I1',t'i

ll 1

1

waI

\\ (I r fitlit11

If I'I

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alo 11

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fi t ll licolt 11 , lot-Xf~tii 11 lilt

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ilIt, till Ii

i' till( tff', ft ltI I iO

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I

XC9-t1 I's , of fll ,1 1,111 tlill, ill o l~tIIll c11oItiItI , 't to ill

l

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11111

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1111 ,IoI" i tIll I ,\

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t

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mI llimi4t, t i 1 II iti dIi II" IX fll t,1'~o 111'iItll'~ c i ttl ll a ciw

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"',t Coillfl

11111' l~f till tillf bl lil ill'h

1 ldiXf
to1

w'

11

illi t'liit

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lt

slI IliiflC1111 I l o f~i f il tIlltittioi sothlt ll't lill 11till' call bct lilllitil(4I l Xlillilltt 'llc

dI l

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111111 Ik

lcc I 11111i(

wf

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(& hill Il

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ak il

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Xl I

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110/till

0/ 1 Etpii

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1

'~tl~lJ~l

LEFT: Ea I research established needs for lime. BELOW: rgrnamental horticulture continues to receive research attention.

HORTICULTURE
tillcof thc cill-k nuti-itiollill lcm-alcll \\its tit(,
cstablidollunt XX 11111 ill ofit %\hich sencs could of bo(toloIcs's con-

o11( l)Ii tilll il

\ Ii

X

cIti li op,

1ml

cl-ctc f1c](I bilis

lot. fillcd \\ ith "oil colitclits. to colidoct pcs of'

of \ ill fools t1 1)(-s Lill(] ol-t itllw illattcl 'I'licsc fluld bills illildc it possildc

I-escal (.]I ill A(lbul-11 oil tit(, \ al-iolis Soil t\ found itsI 11 I'ilI, i tI I l h tI(,I Ii I ill oI( )Ii I )f ill tit(, ill-cits

the Statc. Whilc (lic I-escal-ch ill the bills Inct ,,ollic (.1-iticisill, cspcciiIII% that I-csillts fi-oill it 1111LIll bill could not ilecessill ik bc applwd to it lal-,"c field opciatioll, it \%ils it lilli(Itic and pl-oduced illoch \illitilble information oil thc illitlitioll okcgetabIc clops. Vic h(Ad bin i-csciti-ch of'flic 19:30's, \\ hich \ ils eyandcd to field scille I-c"eilich at the substations fit tit(, 1940's and 1950's, finnislied tit(, bulk of tit(, nutritional i-(-witi-ch oil Mlich GI-tilizel- I-ccoll) Ill ('11dat ioll s \\crc Illadc fill- \ct4ctithlc cl-ops. Ill addition, thc bills pl-o\i(Icd c\tcliske information oil tit(' effCcts of dif]'Ci-cia kinds of'or-(-,LuJc inatcrial oil xic1d of clops and tit(' I-itte of' ol-("illlic buildlip and I-c"idolid eflCcts oil diflcI*clIt soils. This \\oi-k idso inwixed sonic of' thc oldest and Illost cxtcllsive I-escill-ch oil if-rigatioll of'\ cgctitbles ill tit(' South.

t Ii

I

it

tiilla

ilI

ril

ti lii

ll tii 1

illi StatlX IS i)X(

ltion

1916 22tudlis, iiw lit 1
lili ha1 lL llr it(' c

dllS Xb\I
tX t( il Ii wil It X

thilliiulli
l ibl tilc Ill

thaet Iltlil
"~~%m____
Ift \,, oftt(

l.(c
(Ii

iX I

pXIt I oil

tl i llScdad

illil\ X 5(' Xlit I IIXX c a

il

h

~-4
I

adapttioin

ioff' t
t tei

tid 111

15tilll
ul-at

192ffin~ie

\itti~b

gi

a 1111 tlill

iii

tii

il i lc

)ispu lilte

lIliili

I

Ipt)iillilit
tlllllcd1i1 Ieli Ii (illilitliill

St tinlill

hIiti i
olit till

2

an

i

l Il
iia 11 AlLI X onl

N

44'

LoI Xtii i ilI~i fttit( Sati

111 I

t

i tw

Iill

i

l

il illeXtillti tiillil I ,II iL tlltoil

an c

tilliXr l w uillwo

Ii~X F l

/
,40'

Ik

I

a.X)

~i iX\

Alabama Agi-icil/1111-al

Lkpcl loo tit )talioll

It wit aS ot until 19:36 that irlllal research invXolvinug ornamnen tal s witas in itijatedi anti not until 1948 that the ornamental greenhouses were coInlst ructed. Wittl Iargel and lole ci adequlatte facilities anti staff, resealc wiXIthl ornanmentals expandedi co~nsiderably; this expansion has ciontinuedi to the p)resent day.
preisionh gr owXing of greenhilouse crops alnd other floricuilture c'rop~s. As the orn~amnltal researc til acultX continued to exp~and,. and its the nursers llldistrs ibecamle an important and cyin~a~ic industrv ill the State, ornamental Wvork wxas expanded tol include run-set-\ all woodyjjitornamen'ltal crop~s. Trhe Ex-

tilt

sw~eet potatol anti the deitsgnl of eqip-t
lailll ,tol X r'etommendtlltationis XXith actual rc

tilt 19J60)s, similar stlltits wetre' p~rodcitts. Ill

sulits ill tit'field.

starch olf) iljlIp11I('t peeinlg melthiotis fo)r f'ruit and ci5'get abicts 111tl' tIecack iui o PtC'lf calls andt lothe I nuIt' Its , wel t'l s re'st'arc':t'I X im~pr'oved proce'tssinlg ailci lutilizaltion of 511lt her'11)tas I Larg i l toghl thettill( lts of
tilt foodlt procttssiiug staff ti deatilctlt it'h l has

laiboratorlit's ill tilt South.

Statc'r
tigatitlls ill 1111 511011 ci tcti11)1 to i1ncrcast' tilt detparltmen'lt tilt tillou~gh tilt 1950' s t'mlphasizedt intlInskX i nI111 llt'l et'iii'lt maim~liinlg of sicids cilitisatt't II nt pr atc in tttice acreagt's, t 'si l~lI cc (;omt'

111 c

i 5s ioulil-tlies X

olao

s

n

pt'rillien t S tatio n nx hX at strIon~g o1111aias miental resetarchti P rograln at Auburilln and IlI the 11111sci \ prociuctionl ar eas of' the State. Food proceessing researcih ill the depart sand 1940)'s prolitets. F1,115 work ill tile 19:3ffs emphasizedi llt'X products tol bet llladt frontl

CI

tprodtuction.

cl

tulre fairm,

atl subs 1tations, o

1)1 oi

arinctrs' plllllt cIllpit' t he needti stit ot' bojthiit 11

FORESTRY
Heicial lAresa
vaCle rm imer of' n foretnrsetresh darits ind 1954 (bito) th onlsr

Ti morek eomicasultlo ot)s

ph volue hericlade treatmentsu(ef

I
*A**

1

I

t

<ii

I

of fol(,stl-\ opciatiolls. A luiljor pol tioll rit\\ Illatcl till cost lot \\ ood (.()It\ ('I sioll pro-

ccsscs call

bc

il(tlihlitcd

(o
opciatiolis,

(ill(,'ill('('l ul',' ilsp(vts. FoIc"ll \
poiI xxlii

itx~tt

ot phtiiterii it111e

liill

inclildill(" ,talld cs(ahlidilm-lit, sit(' m-itt loll, plalitill(", alld hill \ ('still(_, nc I)(,collum" Ili( Icitmil"k Ilw( hilili/c(l. Tllili,, cost I-c(hict iolls tj 11-om"ll ('11"'iliccl ill',' applicAiolls
arc iucr( itsillld\ possildc alld impoltalit. C111.1clit stildics tot- mccliallicalk thillivill", solitlicill pilles
illid dc\ clopill", fol ()\\ IwI ship iol (',,tI ikild ulikill(citilocc

I liitItI I

i

i

lix

li

h ot e
''

aii! o fit \\ilti
pit thy

titlli
ii i t is iit
it

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i

titx 1)1jli

i tot

t% I

it' i -l
Vt i l li

iiit xI

iii i llt

stratc,"ir" Tllc scill-ch and

c(Iiiij)[11cot. tot ('st prodllct,, I

I Vp'll-tillcut illtclcsts possihilitics foicsts

195 iidx it

t lic iiLt
picill i l ii tit

i i
lxx l iii

t

xtitii''

i'w dit
i ttlt(

11,1(litiollid plodlict, of (h tot lilpid , \c1opill'-, . \\ TwN\ ith

ilko thc

i4llit it t

plodlict"

itud lisfil", mid ploducts

iu t't hcii

ii

lit.

iii

I

i

t i

ti

i

fit(, dic

cullclut 1,01-cst

ploico, tcd uldosti\ it(,\\

"'ImNth ( f t1wic \duch is cmtC,11,

xi di

to xxtd

i tt

io l

iii t

t'tlil

hliil ii

Stitut (IcIlliuld 101 b(i supplied ollk fit(,

ildOlluatioll Icsciuch. o\critll of ('\(

throm.,11

iilil

fiiiti

t

iix

t

tit

11

ti . 1)1

tiltx (:iil
ill-I it\ tists of

IVI)ilitilwilts

lvsciudi td

goill 1-cylil-cs pur,,lot tot cstl DcpartilicTit

('11clav ill it hro ii(.ti\ itic,,,

I ('scillch

scicil till

ill (11(i

hil\ c idcotiflcd \\ hich tli(' k

opportullitics Tuclit iii lil xc lx Still loll

till oll'I'll call makc

pill ticulitl to

Si

itll iifill

ifii

eiixt111

Ir ii

fitI

Ilificiult

rcscill-ch

coutriblitiolls

\labilillil

iuld to Solitlicl forcst lucli( 950i'i 1 toxi di c

it 101-cstl \ . Thesc

ill (,. ill tificial Illillia"(lole"t

r(i("clicriltiou throliji Stalld itild forcst

1,1,0111 Hiffi(Il', c.stablislullent,

Il idtxx

t

'

\\t-tit

iliii t

iii

ecolloillics, llilr\ ('stio(,, 'I'lic Station scillch loicst

Alabama hil" it lou',' ill lliltscl\ till, alcl

\-ricilltillill Iii',tol\ of loicst

F,\pcl hilcot of' sliccc ,,1111 I-(,-

1(,_Icllclittiou ill ititc,"rill

ic"cill-ch hits 1)(,( it

iii

l

xi it i

i

itoo xprodii

le i tstl Wi ft

t ('ofld part ( A t I i is I i ist( )I-\ . I
()its aspcc(s of iorcst is

I i Ii it i(,, i I I t I w I 5 0's, plodlictiou. iorcst it olltllcils(. l'olw 't llllollo lll I cs( ill- (, It Volvilt
c. T I I1 11

t1wiv hil\ (. I w('11 contill tjiut st odics ill \ ariMd

~ttinix

duii!

fi ix" pti

titttllitit

d(iolii!

Todil\ . IMP)(,IIllo" crsit\

Allhol-Ii I C,,citrcll

fit(, cclit(ir lot

Fast growth ot pines ot eroood area piaited in 1927 established the potential for protitable production in Alabama.

litlr ,cl\ ild0l Illittioll ill fit(,

is colidlict(id

/go\ cl it 111clit / old ustr\ clititIcd

cooperatk c
N ill-scr\ eflol t,

t1w Solithcril
(:ooI)('Iiiti\

\IIT1iII4('Ijw Ilf

x lptxtI

4 llix of fliii ii t

t f .1

iiit til

ii t

ill cm obil

lilt ioll \\ ith allotlicr the Sil\ iculturi

I-cLjolial , 1 11 (,1 lo s\ s. I Iorcst to

Iv i,('al( It coojwl itti\ (" bicid( ( :oolwl ilti\ alWI liati\

phl's otlicl pilw

stlidics

(Ic\ (-lot) tcul,,,

I cglcllcl atioll

tot Ills (he 11,it iollill

bit'sis for all opportluiit\ lcild el ship ill

filiit ii thlt l

fx lt, frit il ii ,ixxlc'ht co it iiitx lii
Itiii iiic~ i x 1' ili il tit iftili hill-

it( It I(,\ (,

I-c"'clicrittioll. 'I'll(, ilopol ccollolll\ cstcd, (i.c., titll( c of 101cstl .\ to (lic Alithaillit tm)-thir(k aulloill Ilitcd of tll(, Stith, is tot tiilll)('l Statcs, L lo\\ th is

Alahilillit's

tllil-(l lilrt cst ill t1w ( products ilidlistr\ folest scolvs s( ilrcll

ilud folest

is Alabilillik's lilt (,Icst Illitillifa( fill im" and \\ ill produck lot cst ('1101-t sooll 1w dic liu-gc,,,t statc

\ ei'tili ,,. Th-s

' l Irgioiiipxii I I-~cilc

iii(ill.Stl\ ill illc South, ccolloolics and opportlillit\ is onc of tll('

llodcl-

1will", it major I-(,to[- t1w 11c\\ lescilich Do-

pal tlll('Ilf.

Thi"

arcas iuitiat( d diii-ing tli(- past 5 \\ith rcsult all-cil(k pro\ ho-, 11sclul to polic\111akcrs h\ Joclilliclitilig, thc ccolloillic

Hens feeding under all-night lights were part of early lighting research that began in the early

1930s.

op

i

'

1i 1 i I('ii c, i iiit

( f ci I

tl I

titt i

ho

11 mi iii

lictXt iti

(ITtdkcam

couttio

i fit ,Xtl Iii '

i

ll

I
StI I iII(I

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III

i 11 I itIt . I S. (,(,

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Iiii

ii iti I lii
I

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'lx I liii I S X )T

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fiii

It ittitd li t, andi

Xi

POULTRY SCIENCE
'iii 1c iii l (
ii itt jt

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iii [,

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(I('

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td

i~ I( , itt 1111 II

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Xluilizi1Nu

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1xp)ti

/1111t Sttitl

These cages, built at Auburn in 1947, were the forerunner of the Southeast's cage industry.

lCitilit% duration

arc major obstadcs ill 1-cproductke cfliciclic\ a(kall(villent. Tllc (1cillailds placcd lipoll thc pleselit-

da\ chick-cil lla\e coillpolilldcd ct (,' "llcll problems ill both broilcl- breeders alld tablc-

:u~r~V 12

I

tpi tgi'i'x

is ftlit

ittl ill tiit i2

iiv iiii 'Cfe i i

CL i4 prodlic-cl-s. The basic illecliallisills ill\okcd fil sh(Al calcificatioll, which result in

thill-shelled, sliell-les", aild pilllplcd cggs,
most be detcrinhwd. Not unrelated to this, as \\ (T as gro\\ Ill ratc i's the optillmill Illitriclit 1-cquil-cillelit ofdw ( llickell \\ hich llilist bc colisidcred oil the basis ofthe ecoliolm of pro(Inctioll. -Claude H. Aloore

CROP VARIETY DEVELOPMENT
Aiubiiurit agai
br ,trgc i' 111IC

il

L I iI, I ) I
Gint

I X lbIt9
,t916

ViIi i'\Ni )NI WIi
HIlii,

ll'WS

Ul l I I I. a No
Mlild \\ lilt(i

iAilttt

I1-i 19' 5i6 (1953) l9 16,

tltkirti

it'x('dihits

ar ithet
biit\'ii

XIoit I ttii pea,

Criruxon doter Xtulttr I it t t tlcim x ite ettix cr

of' (crill\adic t iex rccac

giixiixst' flix pote(nti gi'itxxex hasi 1weiiti'tia
x t'iipiiii'iit

ii'

hi

i diuilt lix ioi credi t fhix

xx hut'se

Fail\ P3 it

i'll 9 i 9 'i
Airtrx leat

ti1t dx

SU16 aiCilttlittiC ('iWiix i(t iticf itxd iitllti etttii liidid a're \ix

itii

(Io-

Sol

s of Aiabiama"xiporitiait ttirfgrtxx, ' ", 1(7 2 3

cloi' c i 1967,

G.rasses

Fl

ii

9 I 'Itit 3'

xi,,v
XI ilui

1 Hait/ I i 19521 C( (21ll I ui 191

1920's mid 19:30's jotit ii t r

mosiiit ate proidiucts itt tite xxhii puriod, at tillii

lthe giltii

i lti x xl Albm iltct'

No.x I

'I ldf~o,t
1,iiciiti

17
peppe

V iI War

AlliuitiIt \\ uul,t putd Wa io hr 1959 Valtatuc XX 19111 '17 \itt iL r d ,1177) Not ScraiI i 11 31977 1962

'tilt16

xxrX tt fil'l-t plan t iii e'i iC('(ialCi Ix lx pric d lc xxoili iii' orii ig. Ill ail eaxex. li' xdiitcx xxr i xct'ietd to i)ll xpci'tic iiC'Cdx of' Alabaima

~

foai't

Im-i x t',tl xa it xrml

,

3, 2, 'XI 15658 Tabsc 190

ld iltix t iltt

eitit

Btii

Hall1969

( -i ruil

itxt \ x 1pan1ics. Foi Cxdimipit, resixstance to)(i jitti 'dicss

ii Iid,ii lix
d

'x

ti x siit itsl i'of ae ipx
Plums'i~it,

Seriea

insxctsx, and othe

pitstx

cha~raeiristic biljt

d ii has ' be ii mjioi both horticultiural

firt lil ivaxi't ix~c

I'. si'i tt( lt

bltdt il

sic

of ' Billi 12- I 197)

henbvcit ai majior rolaeit. A t Hi ,tl',ide ( 192) C'hiniese dw'stniits

Sit ili 7 6 1975 hiiiiitilti 76t 197h At' Ltan (19Sth Cotrn
Gra in

,iiii dgiilniiiiic x di itii'x ditii niedtl iha\ ben i of parilariid

Prolduct (iftllxt\
Cti mi)(li itx gruilpx tsx

sorghum
Sigi
iii,

i'iiiici the bisi ftor o tiher de(lo

Combuinii

11946)

AXlabama Agi('culto nl

Jxpi-inifttu

Sfttin

Vertical transmission of brucellosis is being investigated in these facilities.

~~A I
-

2

-Al.~

f1lOctI's ilCIlg tilt pr1111! N foto'i.

Iil'NliitN

of' ex-1
of

aw~~'I o~u

1W

thiatouiiarc
pN lti

oti

J(I tilloolI

tcJI t

i oll' gc

it'

o~ll forI ititt

cliica d N O) (401

hiit'

Iollia

ll

'

pIsIt

of'

ttie

toll

These5

Ili IN ('ti c

o N tc dtO aCo-ct

(l

ill taist

fi

o

sur 'I

Iii lpINo

i

-~

~

'

,;3;

ft'tilrto

taldlityp
I('

of' i'otiCIlicc
c f)I)IIN( i\l ril to i has \\l r

Cill
)irutN Nt N O oe'N e [by

Ill1(lti

1111111cIislt' ia fcdltNc o ill

ofcl INt IC I prn
NCNe rtisu NI4 c1o1c1 In 01( d

CCI t lON

CNNi tilii i N thc llflC I ill diagtois

b11(1( 'diN ta\iN

ill\) CstNIINCl-pto i II ies S~CCituies a

of~i' iran) NNiN

sthown dtht' INI

(~cli
"witc

s Nf ar

capabi

prdION."cc
N~it a

iitN)0NNilt'rcplle
NI llwt,I~' al4 t lN it

to\ r\lit

CofII

5(111(1(0(9 lsi(4 aIf

NCN t'flid)ric

IIIl

igifi IoilC s

Ti i
Nil)e N IN OIIINk

reaso

pIcs It CI til dr(ill N (di. \\~l~i l l 11\1 r cNakei s iarN llic l disas to t(
NIimpl

C III

t
It l

ill N Ill eli c

th
iccuraie a

Blt'Nk4t~( it' NC

IN N.c i i ith\a
l Itt'N \) cttmfiC

(iN Nt'itt'r

lilti

tnd CN

tit (' dtli a \

ll I )C Itoi\ f Sltdi t ts

strain 11191 t I d ' ofI (1 siill

il tii'

ANIMAL HEALTH RESEARCH
icscitldl
Nt'it'i NNa clN('tabilisilt't ill 195:3

(lII tndl

Nf it

atit and cs h as ilctilC

(4'
s

forli, p dIIII owt

fLCslttien iN i~i (I ll

I'lnitilcarcNa(I lNl

a

\\ilw

(,(,. tittioo Iwilit\

and it
tit i\c ill l (i~tll\

ls it Joint
Sciol (If'

Lxpcrfnlt'nt

Stationl

andt

Atioli

n'N

sinall swilic fiarro\\ iog tillit. Ill 19791 tll(. unit v,,as proN ided thc tise of' the old Not fit Alibm-]] Dair Unit to house it stwk, oil bovilic

~iollei (I
ra

til

o

f)

:30

'ida s

V'tttrinar N

\it'htint'.

Its flirpuot'

wasN toi

Ictikosis discasc, and thc old Beef Cattlc
Uiiit was made it\ ailabic for it 5-\ car stud oil the \ crtical transillissioll of, bl-lic(Alosis.

til

%(I i

atill

I.

I)lItt'ti

~

witth.'

lt'c ilaboitIrl st'rN

N\it N[Iffirst

lcated ill Spatce

td

as tilt

Statt' VttrilarN
11ff11(

I )iagno',tit

Flat]\ rcscarch \\ork b\ thc Ocpartnwnt of' , niinal licalth Bcsciu-ch consisted of looking at enzootic iol'Crtilit\ problems of cattic. It
\\,its concluded that the lloospccific illfcc(ions associated \\i(li cattlc \\crc not its ilnportalit its origillall\ belic\cd and antibiotic treatillent did not incl-case conception ratc ill 1-cpcilt-bi-cc(ling cattle. TlIc leptospirosis \acchw its(,(] iii ill(, 1950's had protcctivc valtic but p1-cv('Iltcd Ilcitlicr subdiiiical illfcctioll nor the sprcad ofdiscasc. Findings of' it stIld\ oil internal parasitc problems offood allillials resultc(l ill sc\cral alltill(Allifiltic (11-ligs s4ailling appro\al flolll tll(' Food and DrugAdiiiiiiistratioll; thesc drugs alc oil the inarket todav.

Nf

lt II.

XXit i
t'

\,tl l tlill

Illil

t

hraN ((Itt' e tN elli tp Cof

cllt tti

(If tiIN

tilo cil N

prpe t

LaiI(IlattlrN.

Iii 1955, tilot'
(f pas~turet

td

intitta

tral

acre to

to pro\i

it'

roo 11111) fI

CdN1

(11

tsill) igi lIf

it

Il

ati

itin

t

tI he

stud oketica trasi

s.D. f'h buckett

tilt foiloit NI

g

IIo (I l(4

fac'iliti it

rt'Nt'[rch ili)

Sinct' 1962, tihere hIaN ht't'n addtiet

a calf'

lbd]))

NNitih

96 fitdiv iduli stltiNs( f,) parasitlogy

Alabama Ag'ricultu ral Expet'iient Stationi

ZOOLOGY-ENTOMOLOGY
I

Fxily research provided effective control for in-

q1ht).

ts of vegetabtles (left) and ornamentals

~ ~ ~,
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1, i

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Researchers observe cotton insecticidal dusting in the early days of boll weevil control research.

some 120 million acres in the Southern United States in an effort to eradicate the imported fire ant. Research in entomology in the 1970's and early 1980's has been primarily commodity oriented and based on the principle of integrated pest management. Insects of economic importance to the following commodities are included: forests, vegetables, pecans, corn and other grain crops, cotton, peanuts, soybeans, ornamental plants, and insects affecting man and animals. Programs in insect taxonomy, insect pheromones, and biological control are also underway.

Research in wildlife was initiated in 1936 and the work of A. M. Pearson on the mourning dove biology and management is often cited as a classic in wildlife ecology. The other early work was primarily directed at farm game management. The change of farming from row crops to pastures and forests initiated a change in wildlife research and by the late 1950's the emphasis was on quail, deer, and turkey. In the 1970's, the discovery that woodcock breed in the South in the winter and that they occur in high population made this species a new huntable resource. Almost all research in wildlife

in the 1970's was aimed at birds, with the turkey, mourning dove, and waterfowl receiving almost as much attention as the woodcock. Although the trend has continued into the 1980's, governmental and public pressure has instigated research into the biology of non-game species and methods of their management. Fisheries research began in ZoologyEntomology in an informal way in the 1920's when F. E. Guyton began to collect fish for identification. By the 1930's the fish fauna was probably better known than any other group of animals in Alabama. Formal research in fisheries was begun in the Department of Zoology-Entomology in 1934 by H. S. Swingle. This program gtew rapidly following World War 1I, and a separate Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures was established in 1970. Research in zoology began in the mid-1930's with the work of R.0. Christensen on internal parasites of poultry. This program is still a modest one, conducted primarily in the spare time of teachers and with emphasis on physiology, genetics, parasitology, and natural history of Alabama vertebrates. -F.S. Arant Kirby Hays

ANIMAL AND DAIRY SCIENCES
Spectacular improvement in weaning weight came about through crossbreeding research. Animal research was begun almost immediately after the Agricultural Experiment Station was established, long before the Animal Industry Department was established in 1907 with Dan T. Gray as head. Director J.S. Newman wrote in his 1883 report: "The only experiment so far conducted with cattle has been that of intense inbreeding with thoroughbred Jerseys over a four-year study with favorable results." Twelve bulletins were published during 1890-1907 reporting on experiments with beef cattle, hogs, sheep, and dairy cattle fed on various Alabama grown feeds. The next few years saw research emphasis on development of rations for beef and dairy cattle. The Department's research program was expanded to include basic research in animal biochemistry and nutrition, an area destined to draw international interest to Auburn, in 1922. All staff doing research with poultry,

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station

19

dcli( i(,Il( I at i, \ ( I \ Ili

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or I I po,,itio I I, IT I d ccollo I I I I(-', of I) I oil I it tio I I.

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18

AIIIIflit I TIT it for IisIs Ifit\ (, \\ orkcd d osc k It I ith il'.'rolloillists for illilo\ cars otilizilit! 1(.\\ and cstablidled forat.!c \ilrictics ill flic 1('\ ('10PI11clit olproductioll s\ stcIlls \\ ith thc )t(,Iltiill fol carr\ illi4 Iii-jit\% cight cilk es at to lwa\ icr X\ (-i'-'Ilts. 'I'lic most sit4'IfIcillit of Owsc litili/cd \\ ilitcr alifillills and
''(-ounics to take 400- to 500-11). cakcs to (,kldits of -,00-,)00 11). Both retill-lis pel iiiiiMill alid IwriwIvhiI\c bccll slibstillitial. hlldilll. i, that afillit4tis isassociatedMth poor p(.1-fowiliall(v of ciltdc oil tall f'Cicue should

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makc this crop of (_vcatcr\ ithic to catticinell. V\tellsi\ c rcscarch \\ ith S1111111wr allnuals hils 1.1clicrall\ pro\cd that tll('\ arc lillcconomical Iwcalls(i of' poor allillial Illiloce. 11(mc\cy, urcep _rilzilli4 of'tll(' lic\\ oil thc A1lblII-II-dc\(1opcd AU l'otall Mid scrillit scliceil's illdi(atc thc possibilit\ of prolitilbic tisc of' still) mer pitsture". F,\tclisM. I-cscill-ch \%as coildlicted oil t1w litili/ittioll of, anililill \\ilstu b\ bccf, ciltdc. I)ollltf-\ littcr, ill collibillittioll \\itli col-11, prodliced ewullcla and ccolloillicill i4aills. NIctliods ()I, 1,C(Aclill", \\ilstu for rcf'C(-diIlg "CIC dc\(dopcd that clillimcc f'Ced ficiunc%, rcducc pollution problcins, and rc-

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niated to crossbrcd SOWS. Alibill-11 1-cscarch pro\ ed colichisk ck that Zinc ,uppiciliclitatioll of' pigs illilifitailled oil cow-rcte floors coinpletcl\ I)t-(,\ untcd parit-

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call replace 60 to 7017 of' the Tzrain used ill so\\ *-,tittioit rations and has excclIcia ecoliolilic potclitial for S\\ ific produccr.s. Studies of' aninial gro\\ th and (Ili%clopmcnt liax(i ru\caled that the ratc of' pro-

Alabania Agricultural EXperinwill St(Ition

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BOTANY, PLANT PATHOLOGY, AND MICROBIOLOGY
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1)[1111 dic flill 100-\cal hktor\ (of flic 11 Alilhallia Af. l iculturill Expci-illicilt S,t It ifro .
B\ 1903, tll(, slihico fliattcl ()f' 1)()titll\ kvits ( \pillidcd into it cur] icilluill ill it (1cpal tillelit of thc lic\\k 1-cliallwd Malmilla Poloeclinic ('IliIlistitlitc-thc 101-cf-111111el off
rs I I \ , s I I s II t I ) ( I) iIr t I II (, II I o I Ii t iI II \ , II I I I) It I o g , I II (I \ I Ic 1o I) Io I( ) !. . A I I Iiis dcpill t Ifwl II I ilk il\ "bec II sohIhol 10 1111(, I I II II ("I II II t , it s c( )I II I c I Io II \NIt I I I iI II t I,I II

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toxicity of cattle. tts eftects are illustrated by the steer on intested fescue (left), contrasted with those on *ctean' fescue (right). BELOW Donald E. Davis and Mrs. Davis (right) pose with retired department head James A.Lyle and Mrs. Lyle at dedication of Donald E Davis Arboretum.

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thrll ts ()I that lescaidl liii\(, histolicalk i I \okcd (hc diilL llo is and cmitrol of ph I %k discitscs and plant 1)11,\siolot \ . both off
ill c if I Ip wtitilt to \ Libillnit itt riclllt Ilre ill I

forest r\ . Su\crill lIotc\\oItII\ rcscilrch (mit] blitiolis liii\(, hcun Inadu h\ Experfinc Station S(.i(,Tltis(s and associatcd Ewlllt al I

DONALD E. DAVIS

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ARBORETUM
'',,XUURN UNIVERSITY

Atkiiismt spciit nicrck :3 \uars (1889-921
blit Ilk plildiciitions (10kcred it \ lict\ (of topics rillitjllt froill hilsic lII\(-olw_'\ to plillit discasc dia'-Illosis and f'l()Ili plillif pII\.11io1()14iciII disordcrs to pliklit-Iluillatm I

iissociations. Atkinson's most sii. nific;m \ orks lioni thc standpoint of Alabainit it,-, xvcrc oil discilses and I)IIN siologi( t dismdcrs (of cotton. lic (IcIllollstratcd conillic ill"j\ that ('()ttoll "Ilist" could bc corrc( ted Imkisc ofpotash I'Crtilizer, it practicu sooll Alabaina Al-i-icultut-al Expet-inictit Station

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TOP TO BOTTOM. Tree spraying dlemnstration at Auburn around the turn at the century: swine field day at Sand Mountain Substation in earty 1950's: tertilizer conterence tour at Black Belt Substation in tate 1950's: horticulture field day at North Atabama Horticutture Substation in 1970's, and tour ot weed control research at Tennessee Valtey Substation in 1981.

S tatfi off icials ili settinig rectai-ci) prioioft it' oi

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HOME ECU1NUMICb RLbLAR(CH

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Cooperative work between the Experiment Station and industry led to development of mechanical harvesting methods for peanuts. 'I'll(, eaik 1950's sim introductimi ol'tlic

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COOPERATING AGENCIES
Manix breaktliotil-is ill tillii~c a1(1 iicc M afith t tliroiili iIxcarll at National Tillagc \iachiiici\ lab x or ator\ xwh ichi wxorkx coopcratixh (l\x i thc l)cparltmcnt of Xgriciiitiiial F1,Iigiiici- i. xWXildliii andl fixhci icx rexcatlci of tE cion-h Ildax I1(1ii llcct cxlil a tilllh iixiiclii troii lii t S igitlicilt of pci icit Station haxtbecol c~tiiildci gri tix lbx ciiipciatixc fpogiriiix xxiti (tn U .S. I)(, of'iliti pai tiiiciit of' tfhc Iiitcrior. 'Flic ( of)(ritix ( S. 1)cpartoicnt h U. resali l-in \Vil~llifC ixscaicli Unit liax plai\c i iii roeill \laiilitax dcx (lipilici it in to at lion11 wxoirking withi Expei-ililct Station fiiicilt\ xc', paiadlixc, and fixliit. icxiiii if oi tlli cttion ( iii-rciit: xwork ill soil ph si State llax i lil iifixcdthliili xxor o f'ii fpatllologx ad cothil libreeding b\x (1. DA, tin ioplcratix c Fixini icx, init. wxork wxitih tli I)cp)11tiiict of Aiv~oiiomi nd 1 \ of thki tSI)A oiit Sojixs (olitiliioix
il xI i tI I(cId i) an L it f cid crilI-xst tc 0 I'iiiltiiial ricarcil is exciificd b\x cooper itt ix\c c fo()r t s hctxxccii thc A I fit)iIIit~ Ag tioi lax hio till liSt)

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Modern facilities of cooperating agencies significantly exterC. the total research program at Auburn. Among these are tr, USDA Regional Parasite Research Laboratory (above), USDA National Tillage Machinery Laboratory (top right), and George W. Andrews Forest Sciences Laboratory ot U.S. Forest Service (bottom right).

-A~ '

A10)(1111a A"14cWtIll-al 1"'XI)cl-i Station

(~3

V

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY
Agricultill-al ccolloolics is it iclatMAN int N oling ficld, gro % olit ofdic application of husilics" and cconoillio, principles to agricultioc. It \\;Is not lintil thc cark 1900's thitt Atclition \ ils pilid to flu-111 lnitila 4clllclit and cost stildics in tll(, l'ilitcd States. Aubtlrll,

The shift from single row, mule powered farming operafions to the use of tractors as large as the one above, a change that began in the 1940's and has continued into the 1980's, could not have occurred without economic research to guide the transition.

I )cpill tiocilt of'

liltin-al Fconomics wa c"tablisbcd in 192s, \ ith rcseilrch in ag-

i iculturid cconomics, ioiirkctint and rural organization, and fal in inallilgellicilt bccooling it part of' thc Alilbaillit AL ricliltllral Vxpennicnt Station's \ ork. First rcsca l-cl i in thc departillelit dealt \\ith dic relationship of' cotton (Illillity to priccs rccckcd h\ fill-illers, ecolloillics of poultr\ production it) Marshall Coulit\, and it stud\ of, fill-in of-L anization in southeast
Alabama with spcciiil 1-cf'Cl-cllcc to Ilog Pr0doction. '11,11c cotton stlid found that the

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ininkct foi cotton was imperi'CO, %ith thc pricc rc(ckcd b\ fiollicl-s f,01- Illiddling
7/8-ill. cotton if) six difli-rcia Alabama to\vns oil October 6, 1926, for- 25-bale lots \ arying fi-oill 8,25c to 1:3.00o pcr pound. A reconi-

Alabana lk-,,i-icuttui-al Expet-inient Station

inarkctiiiI4. c\eiitl studics \\cic -illricd olit \Lit ions combinations of' crop Luid lj\estock to gitin it bettcr Ill Iderstandil ig ofcollsoillicis ill iiiiii-kcthig cotton. cutcl-prise" \\crc cstilblislicd Litdic olltl\ ing Lit)(] flicir (Iccision-making processcs it) Tllc cillk poliltl\ stud\ poilitcd out tll(' rescill-A lillits. The latcst I.c.scill-cli filldiligs sclcutill 4 and 1)11\ ing I'Oods. ol)i)oitllliit\ lot sluall-scalc f1tyllicts to ill- \,,crc applied ill flic organization Luld opcrIll 1965, t1w naine ol'thc (1cpartinent was crcilsc tll(, sizc of, tlicir bustilless h\ it profit- Lotion of flicse lillits. Nlcctill 4s of' fill-Illers, cliangcd to Agricultural Elconoinics and Hkiabic J)ollltl-\ opciatioll. Littl(i (it(] thc I('- billlkcrs, Luld others werc lichl oil the sub- ral Sociologv ill 1-ccogilitioll ol'thc liced I'm scityclici L.of thc 1920',, 1calizc I liat tlic Alit- stations to tour alid discuss flic prodtictioll I-cscill-ch oil rurill social problcills alid their hitillit I)ollltl-\ indlistr\ %\oIlld("cliclitte Illorc alld fularicial silo-cess of, these Illallitt c1liclit rcliltiollship to agriclilturc. thall ,700 illillioll ill cash rcccipts ill 19SI to lillits. TIlc\ Liff'Olded all ('\LlIIIpIc f,0I farillcrs With it Lro\\iIII4 rccol'Ilitioll of' resolirce poll Alabama ill third placu Ilatiolialk its it to sce firstliand flow iliodelil luallill. eInclit lise Luld cil\ itollillcutal plobleills ill thc poliltr\ stit(c. Buscarch oil cl4l_ inLu-kctin(,, ill principles and practices workcd for potential 1960's and 1970's, rescarch ill thc depart192 1 ic\caled that vadim" of' ct gs \kils of' usc oil their own fitrills. Thcsc lillits L11)1\ nient \\its broadened. A stu-\(,\ ol'Statc parks htdc kallic \ itholit c(luciltion Luld (1cillollstrated the \aluc of, supplclllclltilll_ Mod \ isitors, to (,\aluitte Alabilillit',, tourisill that plodliccr,, Mlo hild cstilblislwd dircct Cilsh crops with li\estock Lind I)oiilti-\ enter- powntial ill 1966, pohitcd out tlic Iliadlllallwtilll_ olit](I's, IcccM'd Iliglicr plice's lot- priscs Loud 1)1-o\ idcd thc basis f,()Itrillisitioll cquacies and lack of' de\clopnicia of out flicir cggs fi-oul crop f irlllillg to di\ci-sifi- Stilt(, park s\ stein. \ ith pa.s.sit-c of' thc 8 13 Tlw (;](.a( 1)(,pIv.',sioI1 IcsIlltcd ill o\clilll cation with li\ cstock and poultr\ cutcr- million bond isstic ill 1967, Alithitnia pool (vollollm couditiolls for fullicl-'s, \%ith prises. limuclied it mitJor progrititi of' pin k and Iecall-tituc lo\\ of' 5.61t, per pound lotAt the sitnic time cinphitsis \\its being reatiollill dc\ clopillent. Pci-sonlicl ill tll(' dccottoti and 13c 1)( i huslicl f'or corn ill 19:31 . gi\c1l to inallit"'ellicnt llllit I.c.scill-ch oil Stillpartillellt did plitilluilig I-cscill-ch that ])toc\perfillentill 11trill illitnagelliclit units \Nith
HIM C (1VtCt

llicildittioll colllilll. olit of' tlic Littl(k \%its for-

lisc of"L l ildc Luld ,fill)](' tillidal di,

Economics workcd \ itli bankCrs Loud credit ali4clic\ pelsoluld to prox idc theill \\ ith Loulinder"Staliding of' fit(' adjustli\cstock. Agricilltillill (voliolilics I-csciti-ch Illcuts that could and should bu illadc ill p1mcd it]) incl-cilsed [()I(' ill (11(im, Lo"rictlitillill fill-Illill('. Farill credit clillics ill the stith"s adillstillelits. Tlw potclitial lot coils idcrahlc Illiliol, Ell-Illing ilreits (1cilloll.stlitted to hankillipi-mcluclit ill Ill Illing alid lot- illclcasilll4 el " the rc.slilts of'rescill-ch Luld illtistrawd the illcollic'. to I lual 1wople lwcallic appitlent potclitial 1)il\ -off front fill-ther ill\ cstillcliti, ill thlow"ll suiclitific farilliw". liescinch ill it 4- agriclilture. I willt(iral ccolloulic" tlicl-ciorc till-ned to Pitssitt4c of' tli(i 11c"carell and Marketing ( \illllatill, 1tl ill adill'stillent" I -olli thc stiuld- Act of, 19-16 "il\(i collsiderable cillphilsis to point of 1\pcs arld .collibillitti(:11S of fill-Ill cll- iiiiii-kcting rcscill-ch. surphiscs hild detcrpriscs, \olullic or sizc of' business. itild \cloped and olic of'tll(' hopes for bettering X\ list, of [u-Ill credit. isc flic lot of, flu-] IIers, Lls\\(,IliIscolislIIIIcI-s, \\its licm alcll adillillish-atori, Lit Aliblil-11 lcitl- throu"'ll illarketing ic.scarch. Marketing rcizcd t1wic \\iis I ,,Ltp bet\\ccll sluall-plot scill-ch Lit Althill-11 dualt with coopcrilti\cs, I-c"calch and t1w Lippliciltioll oh-c"citich 111)(1- li\cstock. nulk. cotton, potittocs, ct. g.s, nc\\ illg" ill all a0lial [Ill-Ill situation. 'I'llci-clOrc, swcct potato products, and (11,16clic\ of
Studies on consumer acceptance ot Auburn-developed sweet potato products helped establish the market potential or new methods otprocessing arm products.

,kgl icultill c ill Alabama and fit(, South bc-ali to chaw"c rilthel dritillitticillk ill the I aod 1950's, \\ ith adoption of' It.\ brid sccd coill itild cillphitsis oil bettel blecds of'

statiolls, per'sOullel ill the Oepartillelit of'

de\clopiliclit ill tlic State. Tlic 1970's brought incicitsed dc\cloplll(,Ilt alld cxpallsioll of algrictiltuic and agribustilless. ild i II sto: 'd licscal-d to II) cet k in the fit(' depart lucilt \\ Los of illodcl-li-dil \ ll('('(IS

f1trill(Irs Mod ilgriblisilics" L Igo,'lliclit hitsed oil soluld

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uomic principles. Resciuch ill miukctiul. strittct ics, to illchide coutractill" alld lwdt is lIIIdcl-\\iI\ to lielp pro( Ilccrs do it bcttcr job of illill-kcting. Fill ill miuiiit_ cuwnt tools, such its budg(Jing, Ifilcal plot riullIlling, Luld cilsh flo\\ allaksis, also Ltl-(, beilig studicd, it's ill-(. legid prohiculs f lccd b\ farillcrS ill bli\ iIII4 and ScIliw", o\\ luill', rcill ustatc, and tritlisfcl-I ing propci-t\ . Studies ill\ ol\ ilil, the attitudc.i, of, Icildel S itild citizc1l,, to\\ Lud dc\ clopillents slich Lostlic TelillessccTollibiLdwe Wiltcrwil\ ilre 1)1.o\ idili", tisefill inlorluiltioll. Hill it] sociolot research is lielpill(l, rural \oII1Il defille Luld itcllic\e ]if" goilk iis it part of' the process of' litlinall I (source de,,clopillcut. Sollic rescill-ch illplit" ill-c illso bcilll_ de,,oted to thc ccolloulic" of pioduction atid mitikohil, of ttirll_ titss, Christillit's trees, cittlish, orlialliclitids, itild other colilluoditic's and 16lcit. 11tradc. Thc 19SO's, \6th tlwil-COA-plicc s(Ilicez'c' hi"li lc\el of (apitill I-cquilellwilt', alid \ Illnerabilit\ to price call I()I-ilicl ('its('(] cillphicsis oil flit-ill fillillicial Illitililgellicut f'or fill-illcr sur\ i\ ill it) thc I9SO's. Aliblirli I-(,scill-ch Ill list III o\ id(i farillci-s and ilt4ribli.silless pci-solulcl \ ith I ('Mlilrch I-cstilt,, that will inake possihIc it contimiation of inct citscd product I\ it\ itild efficiclic\ ill Illectill", dollic.stic Luld \ orld food licc(Is. \t tli(i silljo, tjlllc scientific lcadcl ship is liccded for- ilchic\ ing solutions itild sound policics Luld prograills ill dic arcit,, of soil collsul-\Lltion Luld laild Its(" \\itt(,I- lesollices, and o\crall c(olionlic de\(dopiliclit. -J.H. Yca.-cr

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