FALL 1959
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
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AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SYSTEM
of the
ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
A Quarterly Report of Research
43 Serving All of Alabama
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HIGHLIGHTS of
Agricultural Research
VOLUME 6, No. 3 FALL, 1959
T1
MOLDS AND PEANUT QUALITY - Important
Fungi Cause Deterioration of Stored Crop_
Storage
WARRIOR VETCH- New Variety May Give Needed
Boost to Alabama's Farm Economy 4
"TAGGED PHOSPHATE" - Tells How Radiophosphorus Is
Used in Fertility Research at Auburn 5
WHERE DOES YOUR NITROGEN Go? - Only A Portion
Ends Up in Harvested Crop - 6
SURPLUS MILK CAN BE PROFITABLE- A Way to Boost
Net Cash Income of Grade A Dairymen - 7
THE SAND MOUTAIN SUBSTATION- A Story of Research
for Small Farmers of Sand Mountain Area ...... 8-9
PoisoNous PLANTS- Shortage of Grazing May Spell
Trouble from These Plants -__.....10
PASTURE KNow-How FROM GRAZING TRIALS - Reports
on Tests of Pasture Crops and Seeding Methods .
FATTENING CATTLE FOR SLAUGHTER - Points up Profits
from Growing and Finishing Cattle -------------I
11
12
IMPROVING THE FARM WOODLOT - Ten Years of Good
Management Can Make High Producing Woodlots 13
NEW COMMERCIAL FRUIT CROPS FOR ALABAMA- De-
scribes Possible Fruit Crops for The Average Farm 14
How SAMPLES ARE CHECKED FOR NEMATODES- Gives
Procedures in Sending Samples for Analysis 15
THE HONEY BEE- Explains The Many Ways That Bees
Are Useful to Man 16
Published by
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT
STATION of the
ALABAMA POLYTECH-INIC
INSTITUTE
Auburn, Alabama
E. V. SMITH Director
COYT WILSON-------- Associate Director
CHAS. F. SIMMONS--- Assistant Director
KENNETH B. RoY--------------- Editor
E. L. McGRAW------- Associate Editor
R. E. STEVENSON------ Assistant Editor
Editorial Advisory Committee: CovT
WILSON; E. A. CURL, Associate Plant Pa-
thologist; W. G. EDEN, Entomologist; T.
E. CORLEY, Associate Agricultural Engi-
neer; AND KENNETH B. RoY.
PUBLICATIONS
Listed here are timely and new publications
reporting research by the Agricultural Ex-
periment Station.
Bul. 315. Marketing Cattle and Calves
on Alabama Auction Markets.
Cir. 129. Owner Experiences With Farm
Ponds in East-Central Alabama.
Cir. 130. Farm Marketing of Truck Crops
in Baldwin County.
Cir. 131. Beef Preferences and Purchas-
ing Practices.
Cir. 132. Farm Marketing of Truck Crops
in Houston County.
Cir. 133. Cost of Clearing Land.
Cir. 134. Consumer Reactions to Presto-
Pi.
Leaf. 62. Warrior Vetch-A New Variety
for Alabama.
Leaf. 63. Cooler Homes from Attic Venti-
lation.
Prog. Rept. 74. Opportunities for Profit
on Your Farm.
Free copies may be obtained from your
County Agent or by writing the API Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Ala.
ill\ h%- fi I I V
I I t 1 11 I to Iit [ t i , [ It it l it I
it ti i It tl it 11 1 1 I\\ I
Research
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MOLDS
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Effect of Molds
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Fig. 2. All six Molds seriously affected the~
perccrntoqo of oil of the stored peanuts in
It I. ) vtio I l dc \(1 tm I ' I 1 ks
I Ill>
ot I liitt l
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2,
Fig. 3. Aspergillus tonnorii also caused the
greatest increao of free fotty acids, or
g raot cr ra n citdfity .
Results
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PEANLUT QUALITY
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right kishown effect of Wsorior r2Ic.1 on
g rovt h of Coastal IGcrrudogass: Left_
Coastal without vetch cr nitroge n; right-
Coastal qrcsn with Warrior s'ctch.
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TAGGED" PHOSPHATE-
ceaje~e too(
6
ea #,'ed ciCt' zejeard
Ph-id-l- ti-thwi't
FRED ADAMS and
A. E. HILTBOLD
Department of Agronomy
and Soils
FOR HIGH 
crop yields, 
abundant 
nitro-
gen is needed. Yet only a portion of this
nitrogen ends up in the harvested crop.
Numerous experiments have shown
that well fertilized crops recover only
one-half to three-fourths of the nitrogen
applied. The remaining nitrogen is lost
either (1) as nitrate carried by water
percolating (leaching) through the soil,
or (2) as gas into the air from chemi-
cal (bacterial) action.
Ability to use nitrogen varies among
crops. Other factors affecting nitrogen
use are soil type, rainfall, time of ap-
plication, tillage, weed and insect con-
trol, soil fertility, temperature, and
cropping system. Furthermore, crops
become less efficient in using nitrogen
as application rate is increased.
With recommended use of high rates
of nitrogen for high yields, nitrogen
loss has become a problem of economic
importance. For instance, a corn crop
under good growing conditions will use
about 80 lb. of the 40-lb. rate of nitro-
gen applied. On the other hand, only
about 50 lb. will be used when the crop
is fertilized with 100 lb. of nitrogen per
acre.
Soil organic nitrogen content usually
remains about the same from year to
year. Unlike phosphorus and potassium,
little increase in the soil nitrogen level
can be expected from repeated appli-
cations of fertilizer nitrogen. This is
because fertilizer nitrogen not absorbed
by the crop usually will not remain very
long in the soil.
Loss by Leaching
Results of research by the API Agri-
cultural Experiment Station and by
other state experiment stations show
that nitrogen is leached in large
amounts only in nitrate form. The
amount leached depends upon the ni-
trate supply and intensity of leaching.
Vigorous growing crops greatly reduce
loss by absorbing the nitrate, and water
that would otherwise leach the nitrate.
Roots of growing crops as well as de-
caying crop residue stimulate growth of
soil micro-organisms. These, too, absorb
nitrate and temporarily prevent loss.
Little leaching of nitrate occurs in
clay soils when crops and crop residues
are maintained on the soil during fall
and winter. Sandy soils are more subject
to losses of nitrate by leaching.
Loss As Gas
Fertilizer nitrogen may change into
a gaseous form that is then lost into the
air. The nitrogen gas will be either am-
monia or atmospheric nitrogen. (At-
mospheric nitrogen makes up about
r8% of the air.) 
Loss of nitrogen 
in the
form of ammonia gas is small if the fer-
tilizer material is applied properly in
the soil. For instance, little or no loss
of anhydrous ammonia will occur if ap-
plied within the soil because the am-
monia is retained by the soil particles.
Conversion of fertilizer nitrogen to
atmospheric nitrogen is a bacterial pro-
cess that has been considered important
only in water-logged soils deficient in
oxygen. However, recent research has
shown that soil bacteria bring about this
change even in soils that are well sup-
plied with oxygen. The conditions that
are known to stimulate loss of nitrogen
in this manner are also conditions that
are most favorable for plant growth.
Thus, a combination of abundant crop
residue and nitrogen may result in con-
siderable change of fertilizer nitrogen
into nitrogen gas.
Z-7
Split applications of nitrogen will
avoid excessive accumulation of nitrate.
This will reduce the amount of nitrogen
converted to gas, as well as that lost by
leaching. The nitrogen, however, should
be applied at times and in amounts
that will adequately meet crop needs.
Regardless of the form applied, all
fertilizer nitrogen may be lost at one
time or another. The loss may be con-
siderable in many cases, even though
the exact amount is not predictable at
present. However, loss of some nitrogen
should not discourage use of adequate
amounts.
Looking Ahead
New research is in progress at Au-
burn aimed at a complete understand-
ing of what "triggers" the reaction that
brings about loss of nitrogen into the
air. Results of this basic exploratory
work can possibly bring about revised
soil management and fertilizer practices
that will greatly reduce nitrogen losses.
WHE RiE oes your
mt rogen go?
9 9F
SURPLUS MILK
C 11 ~ eA ft~-zL (C
S 
1
nd Moontain Substation
J. H-. BLAt-CKSTONIE, Ag Cich.,. ECooo tt
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fl i t iN o l ii .2 ) Il t t Li i, ,I jt poll
I ) I I to I I. I I I'l I s II I i
Supporting Research
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Above. Silage, corn, or oltalfa, is fed in
trailers for easy handling. Below: With
limited-size hold pend (25 head), a cow is
always awaiting turn.
Comparative Business
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Cows glazing ry e planted in September.
Small groin crops arc. relied on heavily for
tall, winter, and spring prazing.
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Haqs grazinq good pasture on tire cotton-hog manaqenment 
unit.
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Alfaltoa ,n May fcrrlxl according to rec-
0ir"1en "dations for Il- Sand Mountain area
Thi s 10 alr field produced 3 tons of hoy
per acre plus grazinq in 1958.
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44
A flild cf cotton treaoted withi a pre-emergence chemical for weed control.
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POISONOUS
PLANTS
Iit1"WARD aeJ F-, B ROWNE, JR
Depaetnnt oi Be it,
and Plant Patbot
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f iI tut t INIItl c \ Il itIcIx eel i I I ie I N
it61 te x i l I i el 1111 tilt iiiiii 11111c' (d p m let
1hi111 iti'tx ll d lIlN itil t le tN I Nw
I TI I i Iii til eN 11 tI il e I I ee
f 11 ee I I t I l I tttl I l
he~ se ileeI fl
it II
7II ', 7 *1 I r'.,'i
+1 **
'5 Itt
Mountain Laurel Red Buckeye
G!a ii
The cots-crimson closer on prepared land
right) was ready for grazing Nov. 13,
)1957. kye-crimson sod-s, oded on Coastal
Bcrmnudatjrass lleftr vas not stocked uotil
the following March. Both photos were
made. Nov. 28, 1957.
I!( , (1''(til t iiill~
it it - ,I'/ii ~r tIi! '
Mix'ures Evaluate.d
Ai it
J( t I X I l Iv ' i ... I l m ll 1( ti Ii I c
Ii I w k i 1 .1 N 't (it i \ i 1 it i t 2j 'w
tt lII; -' di int t it) iii 
I )I I II t it ii.
I it I I. \ ii, j iilw dIit toI i tI, f il
tf t ''ild I I . lii t I I i ,I f I til i
I ~ t i iii Ii ( dI wi ( titti i I iti I.
t i iik \ 'Ii i t i 'u i-. ( ( - i l )
N\ ii, ii itt' X 1 i t),. i /t I i i
it ~ ,itli cii. \\I~t l it 1, ,ii (I
mi I, t (I 1111 'itil ,1 li
Results
t' I) l-t \ I Ii it I'%
t
~t. J
PASTURE 6'
aleo GRAZING TRIALS
R. N1 [
3
AF it R)SCN, A ,,ij,
did Ill't I Il'dm c ml illip''It'llit
g
k I it It- I 1 1, 1 a lld I I
lit p 'll it I 't ')t I 11(
t i( I . i I i l I, )l
I . ( (I I It'd Im )it. t(.c l P t'l
I I I( I t( 1 1( c ' 111, it it (.1 1 t' I m I t
t 1 I't I I I I it I I )I I i I I I I
lilt( I I'i\ ('] 1),I tlllt
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Im t I I t lit 1 I I I I J( 1 2 ( jk) 1,1\ 1, 1
t I I , , I I ( I . I ) , t \ N I)tllt I h ., (I
I ('(
u lt (.1 1, 1 1 1 11 1 1
1,,,tll IIII\tilw " d t"I ('11
I p I ( " 111( ( ( I ( )\ ( I I ( )i ) 11 '.
iii, lit- ("1'1 I lit it jilt p lht ti
Si , h "ii Ii tilt,
'itT "i>
I it"i i
t
t I
liii,> tit
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t
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-It It Ii Ivul l I Iti ii Is a)' ld " (-t
mI' Xi ki I ) tii ii vi 's i ii '. it I i I t thil
l ~ (1it I tii )i I. I. Iii itt v I ti I t I I )iil l i
p -1 lii Ii vI v Ii . Iii i lt II i
1  
ji l I
t I Ii I Iv li I i ' t I t i ii it i .. l 11 wi
tt iii I I, 'Ii tiAt ] A till till i0i liii
( t I 1 i! St [I. 1 ~l i v kvi ilIl 1 1
tii liii t li I i ititIh i I I1.1 vlitt I
it i
t
I I I I 1111 I -,,I t III
( I 1()\ (,I I )I I I I Ill \ I I ' it ' I \ I I \ I I I, I I \1 I \\ I\ I I Il \ I)
V, i i. , t~ 0,) .jY, 0f I (i f
An,- Nufh,,dy and Nutino'
JC. STARLING,
W-~qiaxx Substi
FATTENING
CATT-1LE
'ii
-~ ,' x x-
S LA UG011T E R
I Ii I N i fi l m j ;i t xxlij Ii
I lp il djisill l wj l[,iii . il 1,> iii
m li ill )y, li )l I I I I I s
I x\,x I I1 1 'l I ) l I I
x I jI (lji I )ii iii t% li lt i'i i
d >i I il i s x I i I 11 >1l i I I )
Fci I i Ii I -, ; 11 to i ]))i t u I IixktIijil iii11
Profitable System
ii t2 1 .(d _ l ii ( li i Ii i itj i ii 1i ,,
I iI cil ix 1 11 i lc i illi I (d ix i u i i lI 
1
i I xi i f h lil (I I I
I I I m\i iii i x l( 1 itI ii i lIi
I I I I x I I ' I lI I it I w \x
l" I(ii , I itifli c c l I ij ii ii I'j l_, iik I
1 () l ii xx o\Ii I cl I sI \ I l )1('
i I I I l _ (ii lix li
I lII, I cii i liiii I
i I ii lli I I ti i iii I I 1i 1(i
Itl1 ic it u it I iuu( I 1 (. u 1 o
I t
-lk ti> clii 1wi 111 lili i lx illI ll,
h d q it ' lii i l 111 ttu111d hi
I I tl \ ijll II L
lli ) ti itt Ii i i i tii 5()(1 11
Ii xit f111 k i I li x i I i 1i
to 'Ii Ii Iii ii~j '( Ii ii
Ncw Deveclopmecnts
'111 ull i ilit ixu1C HIfill kill ;iii
w-, l id ilid lii l ii ll'u ci ii t iiiii
If i i I I I I I Ii lil t iii iis,
o'> l IIit i I III i I
pii xi i i 1 1 lii A I I
iI i x i i I~ c I w i 
1  
t I II
Ii ili () I )( I I lix xii l is i liii i xil
uiiijl Ii l Ij i I Iiii I I i 1 jii'
jjjic ixI ii I i xIIi I I III II iI
I Iw I I x i Ix i I I ( is 11i iii I ii Iii
it N i I 1 1 1 )0 )(, )1 1 i xx I i (I I I iIi
if h11 w jii xik tij xI i Iu I I I
I dii i i I 111d 2i \xii hi I li I fcii
(11111 xI I i l iifll xxxid I i (k II I I
i , II tII I lix, xxi . i lli
l 'Hji x .iji i If jul ( , I I 1
ti l i I x i c i uIll I c
xuifi _,l1 lii toi liii Ii x Ij
i~~~ixjii ~ ~ -jii \~jij \ ii i ix ii xt i i \i tiji\ ij loi5 xj-7jj ( li
h i il1l lli ( l o h l
)lt\i it 1xi ii, nw,
lxi di iii
I \N (
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I T
s,,
ii
xi
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*' ix ii
I Ti I
I d I ii'lill %\ 1, ;ill 11''111 lild lip p h lilt ill 1'(;1 1, 111 llim l \% lilt('[ 
p 1w ,
'il". i lid Ilppl( - ill, [,(lf ) '-"lim-d , l) Ill, wl \\ lilt, I Im'Itim pill, 'il i li'd '11pph
p i'llm , )() 11). ('11 ftll m ilh t, [,()I I '- , I i I I --, -, 1 11 ). ( )I ,
11'. ()IJ a l" I ill.
AFARM WOODLOT
j1411.I I I I 144k it
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ()' ' 41 II II I% I II I I I 1
[141111 1 ) h , . 1
Manage~ment Practices
144. t~ h( p44 I.1 hd,, t.111 1 1 1
, I '4444,;w14 l4 th, \ NI1 N '11111
l'd 'Apt 14l14Id "41141441 1(4,I ' 4I\ 1111t
1114 il 111>4 i 441 11141I
1( Ito 44 d4 1444 44 tl ( al II ll.[ 41.
I, 41141444 11 ' '411.4 44444' ()It i)
k ,r I m 1 44') 4.I'd p41,11
pi1, 4d41 1 4.ol , \1114 d4 444 It( ll l I.1 '4
114 41 1,4 II
444 4 444 4
4.44 4 4,4 4 4,4
444 444444' 4,41441 '''I II
44444 1,1,111 441411 11
11,111 444 414444.4444!
I'''' 1441 '4 I> I "4
I ' 444 114111 4 41,11 '44
'I
1  
I I . I 4
4 ii Ii 4 4~ 4 .14.4
'X"
I
~4j.
4 ~ ~44
S
4~'.
'4 K
1?
if
4' 1.4, '4
4 '%
* '11'' ~I'i
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I44 , II I , I I 14 I' l . I ) I [1 14 I" I
i4 Im1 I i t'' I 41 ,1%1 Ill II 1114' 44 .
I I I II I t II4 1 1 1 )1 114 4
I'll dt, . h l I 'I I,' 1,1(1 11 1441 1 141 414411I 'l
I41 d I II 1 I 1 41 'II(I I I i II i' It44 4,114 I\ '44 444I1
'4lt d4114~ t4 II .111 4 'I4 II
I 1 it, 1N1 II i
11 N1II I \\ to 1.4 \\ I44444 II 4441,
: I -)I I (I I " I . iII t 4444 ,,.1' 111 144 tI 4
hI o J1
141 l',4
~; '>4
(III 44
4144 II
I'
4
/ 44
4 NI
4 INI
N 4,1411114
P, t /44 t 1441 It
II 4
4 4. 444 44 >4 . I ( I '*4 .4 II .A t
.4 ?4
~44 44
4 I
4f
' I I l\\ I !14 4 )l , 12 4 1 , '1 1
I (d''44 .:)4 11 1 1 1 I
444 4 144 , 1 14 1 \ ''4,1
iI il II .,4' I t'4 I4 I > 4 I,' 4 I I I 4 it I
I 1,I \\ i'll 1 1( I44'11 14 44 too4> I44 II I
I'' I ' 44144414> I1ti144I1 oI i I Ii I
Good Investment
t I'' d41 I4I1I4 I ,I, I 1 1 1 I 'l
I1 11 d\ 1 ,( () ( 1 1 l1' 't44
litI , 14 1. 14' >1441 14444t
Ill [Ili\(1 (I 1,1, itl, _t1' I4,4 '44
>1441 44 t ,,I~ (d1144114 411 4 4 ill. okw
Ii 411'mi, Ill>4444 144 w 44' I ,
1414 .441 '4' ll il \, l i 'll ''1 \I I
Il(. Il 1 1 41\1I d h ,4 4144111 i p ' 44 l''il 4 il,
Woodlot in 1 95 1, left, had C4yerstory of hardwood and scme pine. Mo:-ty yaung pines5
were in th
4' 
und 'r'tory but growing slowly bt-cou
4
e of the hardwood. Wood) .t in 1959,
right , after hardwood overstory was remnoved shows young pines toking their place.
111>\",4 444, (i Ni 1 I 441 o Ni 444>4\ I1 \11 (. iI" l4I4 ' I "
,H - I) 
1 / I A I [I P L [1
Z/cw
COMMERCIAL FRUIT CROPS
[IUB[ Rr HARR~IS ait J. M. BARPBI'
Depatmeti of Horticulure
71
$1Y tt'
Muscadie Grop
1' 4
''4
141 lb ,,4&,s]
p.
..~AtQ '1
"4 4
blueberry
ii i I i M i t"11ilts islt Ii i t iii Jl
ti)I iI ti ti iw i l tt It I I l t tl xI-I " ( I tt li
it's ill', 11111 it ils ( itd ii iiit i
tt Iutu t i ~I t I i i I i it it.I (. dN -
lit S itt Still t Ii w I S -1 11 till il
1its i t' ll I it wi (Ii [l iiit itt it itit li
p l il l I I ii' I iiiiiiittI I i ilt
I I tl I it Iw I I I Ii Ii Is c1 l i I Isi I I
Curren Reitsearchil- i iit
(% i fi , i ll ( 1 liit hI I 'i l
p l" ', TI)tlL( 1(d(11 1,1 /id lit
p)( 110 ,1 pldd Jl'. 1 1111,) (' tI1 til)
I \ I ( w " ) it I ) I \ iws,-
V '' 
\ 
I.,
4'' 4''-
I'.
r' ~ ~
5 14
I um i
(- Is itIi, (' til N Il IN (' (' lililh i i il
t ,i t Ifi 1'tit Iiit I i iip S t sit l IiS
ll 1 l i lii I hI t it l I it Ilt. II
t t ;is I (II i I I I t(ist
I t iliI 111 Ilit I I tI tist\
Is tut If til I iti 's
iii sit ill il iiIiiis
l it'll ., I ( '1 1 ' li m I 'l \ p
I lii .t III ill 
m Ii55 it Ilw t 5 i l
111 I ' 'Ix [ ti it ' N ih ( ', li t iK i,
ii t NL ' ( I ti I I I, N\ ti I l i
it ill(' 1)1()( st ll' c l i 1 (11 it Ili St l
it tutuw tiitiiiis llu te iii] Ill (d c c
l 'ii l t tl tit' p m ll i~ III I (ll(- 2.
Plums cod lueuberries
i I 111: lii i ilt p i it Isl I, il m itl
(ill A 11~ i lth Im I l i l .1 il w, Ii k l 5 t t 1 ill
ill ~ tl'i ! c ~ i
lii . 1 iS t iii ii ll itii.t
it Ill i iittl
Ii 51 I it t dhIk 
ims
iii llw l I id iit il t 5 Itlix ii l l(!
5,I (ii it lilt1' iT u I '( l h I-p m l
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Nit /'tt.
ii his's
it St
5 is))
liii)
it iii it is~
1
Ii i '~ Ii I .
Ii i' It ills
11111 ii iii 1
St lilt
5.
ss
'5
'5
St
TI)
liii
TI)
"It ilit'
ii)
II
ii)
ii)
ii)
iii
'''it
1 1 1 5  
iltilii iii tutu-' 111.1 illS
Ii ii iii Iii ''ti.' Nit lillIlli Nh
ill liii'' i xtlx lli~i I ii
II)
V flI I I I \1 1 k' I N\ I I , I I i f I,,
o !Ilit tsiis I l k~ 1liii 1-1)
sJft I I I I s I. i
liiI t \F It I it' I
NNIii I s I si' t i F
5
i it cdcliii 11F11u11 v
Ii f I .i I ,ii ts i t I 1 1 lit
When to Take Samples
\ Ii tsp t Ak( Isi i iiIf 1, slsii(-1 ' isi
hIs ii I ( isisslit issis'. V, I p I f 1(1(' ill s (ft
'I lit (I I ( 't Ii i I t I . t I l It l's k o
.1 s .
t
I Ii i( , t , ti I (-I it
lii uif i~ i!stt it I 1 i.i1uiN lII I
-t t I i t NN ii i t i t k I ) I I Iii
l I ( vits (dis tis ss I Ip t i
I's ~ ~ ~ ( F(' i I iif Ns Is I ii, i I 'sI ii tiii
' It ( 1 [ IF (~ iN Ii . I I I i (. " t F~ i ill
t s \Nillf I III I i I Is lic t .ii't k Iill)
]at'' i( fiiiIili I( t(iit i I ti ii
is Is t~ i, o I,t I (f ,t ,Is.' I _
How to Take Samples
Ill( y~il 11 ii it s [ I s'sli
to Il t ll III iis ti'sIis it )I s pt
il i rIstlj t'v II Idi m (duu us ( i's P ,11I
iii lit i t it sIut
iti I' top I'h I I I
'i I fI I i I
5 
tls i IiN i ' Ii t
tki i F'
Where to Send Samples
1, F )I i t t t
i \' SN Il ,II I, I k , I I I I i~ k II
1_1) I5's it' ii pF'ts ' its li-P
11( l s tl~ F w l il F l It ii ss i
Fist ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 su ii I t ok's \'
ti -. '5. ~
1. A complete sanmple consists of bath the plant ra
imnsdiatul' around the root system. 2. Samples shou
the laboratory. 3. Soil samptes ore proce'ss'sd on a %p
nemnatodpcs fram ths
5 
sojit partis Is s 4. Thse nematode.
conce.ntrated into small dishe s where thei.dcntifis aiian
are, rod's sith the aid at a tow-power microscope. 5
maod. us.ssis c is jicroscops with high magnrification.
F
/
-S.I. 
'~\
-.4
f. -. : *.
7.
ats acid about i qt. at soil tram- '
Ild be promptly sent or brought to I . Sj
.1ciat apparatus 
that separates 
the s1
after bseingj freicd from the soil are I,
sand counts of the different kinds
Finally, exact idsentifications ore
J I
SAMPLES ARE CHECKED
ao NEMATODES
LJ. CAIRNSN L 4s
N. A MINION, N ... tstsjist, USDA
I'z-,1
741c HONEY BEE
a~ (Oz~caw? eo fa
G, [t i.plAKt , , A"i",j
) ' () \I t F t1, \ liii \ PIP[ . i
PI I', kiIi (hpp ii iPIP p i i l p. \%(l o
'ipitppit '111 po 1 t .l Fpimi\ Fpp \lI-It\
P l Ii tii IPFP~tP~ tl~p. p Ip
IpI 1 ip f 1,p iS 1 pi' i i 1p 1 1p 1 1 (1
Clovcr Pollination
11 11 ii p)' I I ' (,lw I - "
im it pi l F I to Pi iiPPPP 1).\p sIlip(il(- I I
'1P I ldP tiSP F I ipi l ippppp
d 'IPPPII hpiltp FPPPS ho lip I\ liipip
Ilm1. l IP ip lipik 1 ic .
F rll~lo il ( I w _,'i~ t FIil I((I(
,,I pdpp 1p ho'li mlpp \P(pp wPp l pid 
(d iF 1i1p1
lip~ tS Ii ,111 i t i I i ii P l
t ip p pIi ppI I , t I I I ipil)p
I p l I p I II II I IP IF L~~~i I I II IIIo
liii iii Pulp lii i i
I Iit I I I t Ii Pii t P FFI ,
I t IiP lI k w itf !t Ili
I i I t i I t Ip k p I I li ti I It.\
1111 , [il'i I!* tw il Il Ilpi,
Valuable Food
tP P hilt P(i p ii
(dpiii i lim it pip i il Fli
ill ltP)plp \iikFipilliP I, jilhit.p (
iiptiiiii d PIut k pulP1( Ip p 11 1 I' p; tF
I\ul it F o\ 11 1)1()\p Jl t p , pp ,pl
)I I pI I I, F it I( k PPl , I \ ' n
ii pup 1 I IPFF I, i I I pI]I , I , 1
"pidlIi it I Ii
\ (IppI I)I Ii l I I t, i i I I 1 (o It
FREE[ Eu IIci i i o r Rc, Io r t ofi Prcugre
AP3kICtL] Ut Ar EXHP tIMLV t LTA [ IM
uf Iti ( AABAMA/ P~t i [t tti,IC IStI 1tU
L V Sinth p iri
Ap[)lf i t l-it
P r i up i t I\ 3. 8 7)1) 8
tip it([ ph\ PIP i~ j P liil\ 1)1( ,l iii(
\ll !w w m (Iitwli it \ PilP~
lFP iii Iii[ Ii I '~ s i
F ltlw ti 11 i F fit pii l pip ' ti l.
ll) \ i t (,i , 1), t h l(i m k ((
F~ \hi t,-F p FI (P m liihPPl ipFF 1 
1 
F 
ii l pi 11111 ch i tppP I lk ) I I ,I I I
Iuuuu li it IF tpppIjpIpI p it I I I. I I ps(I
~ i F t II I I I~ i i II
I t I I I It I P p IF I II II IIo.
F tF p I I I I i pp i F ip F i up I
I s i i ' Ft F 
1  
t f ii u p
F F
-P.
.11
o;
v1