VOL 4 NO. 3
,,...
s; ,, 
S-,
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a-~ ' . p~~
-;Q-1 -
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,c-
;- .,
-a a i
HIGHLIGHTS
of
AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH
9
t t &C &jCe Which Cattlemen Keep Sharp
Eyes On Performance Tests . . . Save It-Why
Haul It? . . . Milking Parlor Designed with Pocket-
book in Mind . . Pasture or Concrete for Growing
Hogs . . . Control Soil Insects with Insecticide
Fertilizer Mixtures . . . More Molasses for Alabama
Saint or Sinner
Sk8
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SYSTEM
of the ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
SE R V I N G A L
I~
4'
FALL 1957
~-i*- ;~
' ",~:
~^I' ~ +
AL A B A M A
r
^:a
~"B~h
'i:
.P
n~ ~~
-WHICH-
Cattlemen keep
sharp eyes on
Sperformance tests
/4
.5.'
W. M. WARREN, Head, Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition
Vi I itt ( Il ii ( 1 Sl I\ffisie it 4I I i I I ( itIt It
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These five ponds save much of the water
running off from a 38-acre watershed in
the North Auburn research area. The
illt filmlstitt 4* cilidita llx itutuic~r
ci ilti i l i scxt) . It ix fori t I ixi I-itsxtl ix
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ponds store about 40 acre-feet of water
annually and can be used for watering
livestock, irrigating, and fishing.
1(\'sx 111(ici xxx t iii 
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up 
ELEVATED
i STALL
I-
LOADING
RAM P
OPtERATOR
AREA
TRACK FOR
'CAN HOIST
COOLER
CAN RACK
Above is the floor plan of a separate, shed-
type milking parlor. A similar facility can
Jir
ELEVATED
STALL
DOWN ,
GRAIN
STORAGE
CABINET
WATER
HEATER
WASH 
ITRAYSit
be built in the corner of an exsing barn
or shed.
-~w -~
MILKING PARLOR
d1eac~~d aierl4
POCKETBOOK
WALTER GRUB
Associate Agricultural Engineer
pl1)1ittch I s ll i ji l ('xxi I' t I itt I cils ;t 1(
i ll rt I t csii tc t tt I pdc i it ild
[li c i )tti sxii. ll sticrli id I liiid (1
IM ' it'. 'd Ic' xi lk tl i lii l I til ixn' ll'
ii )I wi utc. I \\ it] k- I I , I li (i t t I i t (lii
co ii' s ill( (id lt tilct . 1)1ibc 111111l p o-t
\i(t;( tu ; I ttitios sa t iti xxihot xx tlis.-
SIIi'hii L lV it fit Iii il l ' I ci i ttcc ct i
Desitgned for manufacture-grade dairy, this
ow-cost parlor eliminates stooping and
much heavy work of milking.
PASTURE apt CONCRETE
ao 5vraci& HOGS?
-HOWARD F. TUCKER, Associate Animal l-lusbaridmatt
it rs ( I ) t - )
li ilcill
4  
Xis Iat. ;I il l( t
S(i ll Alit bill i i l cis It) il. I~
ss liii I s~t I tns sIT is t I I tt I Iu' I
51fIclt it iii I (t' I T- h it ;is (T m t t ''l
I 11 ) 5 I l ilt FIii ii' i li s ti )I I 1
i i st lt'i Itlitl t dit iii ltttI lsilit
/t till tIlt 1tis tilt tc it u s ii i lii itscI
slitc I llfiStudy of ai s
I .Itil c111 I t c XII .\ hit l' 14 il t i lt
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195i
'5,11 ilisl
t \)C. t s
I )otc its lt i i l IT
It t ill ti tlt It
111thid l. 1956 sio
I(.iwii.
.- -At
S Growing hogs on posture Iceft) has been
standard practice in the South. Many years
~ ~ , of research has shown grazing and sup-
plemental feeding to be practical and
, economical. Something now in the hag
Sbusiness is growing them on concrete
S(above). This, likewise, can be an econom-
~ ~.'cal operation if correct feeding, manage-
A, ment, and sanitation practices are followed.
Q,
11 fit _in cl 1"c" (h pati lit' pro-
Silt [fils jctlc Ihe pi" iilt 
itsli
stiltli oil tttli(It PrIil' Ilil rls
\\.its hllt'it m t iits. It is Itilitt(i tit
tI it tlt(Ii it 5 i tIt tilttlItItle ill ti is)
tl it c (1111-i1w t] Ic sl ill lillcl I I t cr, it I I (I
s 1) ]-111 scits() I I S.
111-s _,razilw alf itlL1 (1111 it w t I Ic sull I-
I it, 1956 1 ) 195 
T 11](11 ( d 1956 
ii"Iitdc oiiiiis ill 1-1 
10 ccI It"
Fccd jwl F, ( (I cost Icss 
pel 11). thall fcd ill 
c(mcictc-
10011). 1)(.1 11). fl()()r(.d p'lls (1111-illo, tlic sailic sctsmi,
()f gilill of gaill, ll()t illclildill'T 
(,()St of idlidlit pl-mllictioll.
Lb. L 1). c) I I's t t I I c I i I t I )1 20 pk-'.s pci aciv ()I alfitlfa
1 3: 30 1 1 .0 atid IT51h. (,iiii is, till, ,, I i cturii
19 :306 9. 9 5 0 
r i I c I-(, f i i I I i I i I I
fm (1111 ill',' the S11111111cl . , F I I ('S(
1.12 325 
1 ( ).7 datit 
" cre _ obtailwd 
lilldcr illillimrellielit
1 .:37 :,329 1 1 coii(;itions iiiid stockiwr rittes that \\ mild
11du (.ot of pa,,tilic. ilssill"(1 
adequilte (111itiltit.\ alld 
qllitlit.\
Choice for Producer
T is I t llt i's liiit itt ,ttltlijt to IslT()\\
It ill(ITthi It i Is. It tt', ( li ht s\i I t lt' f'ill
pimll icn 'ptrk.1 It 11.1ti itslt ig'. 1ci ccti
ti2hl I act (I .11 lt' lit;I I'; it I 
t l i I 1e
iT \\t I t it i s is t ) p ttIII 
(Ii
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lilt IT t hel llt11t l it. t't' rtI 1 . oitI t
b 4
I
Pitst 111 (. I , i t_ ,
SOIL INSECTS
INSECTICIDE
FERTILIZER
W. G. EDEN
Entomologist
TwO BIG JOBS in one operation .
That is the chief reason for increased
use of insecticide-fertilizer mixtures. It
is just one more way to cut farming
costs.
Introduced more than 25 years ago,
the idea of putting the two products in
one bag caught on in recent years.
Other pesticides-fungicides, herbicides,
and nematocides-are also used in mix-
tures with fertilizer, but in only 5% of
the cases. The other 95% contain
insecticides.
Research has been done on the job
for many years with studies of mixtures
and their practical use in the field.
However, much remains to be done.
More work is needed in control of soil
insects, especially in pastures and sod
crops.
Extensive studies have been made by
the API Agricultural Experiment Station
to determine best uses of insecticide-
fertilizer mixtures in Alabama. As a
result of this research, recommendations
can be made.
ixaptei
Recommendations
Station recommendations are based
on pounds of actual toxicant per acre.
For example, 1 lb. of heptachlor is
equal to 4 lb. of 25%, 10 lb. of 10%, or
20 lb. of 5% granular or powder ma-
terial.
Controls for pests in corn, sweetpota-
toes, Irish potatoes, pastures, and lawns
are given here.
CORN. For control of root worms and
wireworms in corn, 1 lb. per acre of
aldrin, dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 2 lb.
of chlordane is recommended. The gen-
eral fertilizer recommendation for corn
is 250 lb. of 4-12-12 per acre. When
insecticide-fertilizer mixtures are used,
4-12-12 contains per ton 8 lb. of aldrin,
dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 16 lb. of
chlordane. The mixture may be broad-
cast or put in the drill.
SWEETPOTATOES. Two lb. of aldrin,
dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 4 lb. of
chlordane per acre will control wire-
worms, white grubs, ants, or flea beetles
in sweetpotatoes. The fertilizer recom-
mendation at planting time is at least
500 lb. of 4-12-12 per acre. Thus, the
fertilizer contains per ton 8 lb. of hep-
tachlor, dieldrin, or aldrin, or 16 lb.
of chlordane.
IRISH POTATOES. Wireworms, flea
beetles, and imported fire ants may be
controlled in Irish potatoes with the
same insecticides and rates as given for
sweetpotatoes. The recommended fer-
tilizer at planting time is 1,500 lb. of
4-12-12. To follow these recommenda-
tions, the fertilizer should contain per
ton 2.6 lb. of dieldrin, heptachlor or
aldrin, or 5.2 lb. of chlordane.
PASTURES. Imported fire ants and
other soil insects are pests and fre-
quently problems in pastures, other sod
crops, and small grains. Two lb. per
acre of dieldrin or heptachlor, or 4 lb.
of chlordane is recommended for con-
trol. A general recommendation for
maintenance of established permanent
pastures (perennial legume-grass mix-
tures) is 400 lb. of 0-16-8. Thus, the
fertilizer for pasture maintenance must
contain per ton 10 lb. of heptachlor or
dieldrin or 20 lb. of chlordane.
LAWNS. Ants, chinch bugs, and other
insects are pests in established lawns.
These pests may be controlled by use
of insecticide-fertilizer mixtures. Two
lb. per acre of aldrin, dieldrin, or hep-
tachlor, or 4 lb. of chlordane will con-
trol the ants and chinch bugs. The
rates are too low for heavy infestation
of white grubs. Five to 8 lb. of aldrin,
dieldrin, or heptachlor, or 10 to 16 lb.
of chlordane is necessary for white grub
control. Any of these insecticides may
be mixed with lawn fertilizers. In the
case of white grubs, the treatments are
more effective if washed into the soil.
Control of white-fringed beetles must
be considered separately from the fore-
going general recommendations, be-
cause this insect is under state and fed-
eral quarantine regulations. Infested
soils are first treated with 10 lb. of
DDT followed by annual applications
of 2 lb. of DDT per acre. Dieldrin or
heptachlor is also affective. These in-
secticides may be applied in fertilizer
mixtures.
Precautions
Precautions must be used in handling
fertilizers containing insecticides. In
general, concentrations are so low that
normal operations offer no hazards to
handlers. Insecticide treatments near
bee hives or water sources must be car-
ried out with care to prevent drift into
these areas. Insecticides are harmful to
bees and fish. From the standpoint of
drift, granular formulations are safer to
use than dusts.
'Itore MOLASSES
oz ALABAMA
J. T. COPE, JR., Associate Agronomist
[ t IIIX 
1', III o 'IX \ZII i ( I i cSt
iid 1
1
jf Icc till lit\.I41 Ii u 316
liXil ' XSlt I I (I t I if If)St st fI l c i i thiesC
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il Sgar' 13 llc I II ' It t1ill!11 t it Stte
B\1 5 1 t I t eI it 1ci iw \ IX i i i 45000
Xli, ) I ittitse \\ 1 It Iitm I tI (I I)4 ill i
(lc D scri p ioniiw of il Varieis (Isi
lto XSt itt IXd tillI Iis 290, (XI 1 tl ililt'
Field of stripped C.P. 36
111 cane ready to be
topped, cut, and hauled to -
I e ar',l. \t I3 t XX\ to n (. P. 29 1 16
til11 1(1 1(lit 
1 
1 1i ii ll ('IJ. Aff\ l 111' 1,11
1,11i ii ()I li]()\\ ill Sm I t ile iillii.'I II crop
the LtI' i l Ill itt ailill. to c il 
ii I
1) 16.
Si i 1-1 11111 Itt ill I II illo 1 ).Ii I itit 
Its
500),tll i ..l i ti t i .(11. T] tsl X\I 
itit iIs
fitY I c I it i t I Io11 t X t i )d111 It I il I I c it-
Fall Planting Recommended
sttiltis iif fill] X 1511 Sprin 111 jlliitili'4
f'I \\ 1i1,. SI. (ill \'X 1411 FX I 'X1 I\N F~ II XI :1 Ai ), 1949-5(6'
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'1 1) 5150 51
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22.812 5 1 (8
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('arl Sla if 11 C11
Ton (1 (:11. /Tons1
29.7 ( ( 6 11.5 26.6 ( 6
:3(6.51 l S6(2) :30331 ) 
:3.(:')) 3 to( )(2 ) 29.4.3)
I 9.5 N3) :339l(:3) 1 2.90.)
29.(12 till 1(101) 24. ((-121
34.8 6I (5 31)
:35.I1i 1 -01211)
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Iiltl'X til' ('('I for I it' w (Ill ' I i ti 1ll
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( 1111' i I)LMll'tt l l I - til II, ft. I ((XX
i. tilllt'
1  
iilite' flt' \ i p aill ittI t ri IIX( i
flt'k cl11if t o citi'ft N\ i t ta 'i '4.l s3talk
itt' (IIh iii.44 I 11,111 \ ((Xi , t t oi~ 4i ill.u
2 ti. 4 ill durit'. the XXI iii ' toi.'s\(iltXf
Fertililation
cill fhhp(i11itl lt f tI Illi XX Itl (51
2i ( It I 2ll 12 ) 
1
)'I .( WO .C 11 i ! Is t ofiIIt
flit Il oi iI1ff il ,11i s tudl(i atI flit' 1 I
Xi 11)11 It
1  
i ll t,.)1 I ih . I w If 5llo~'' (1
1~ ' , o), itl V 2 l.
Fultiation avs
Ifll f illwlt (Xi ('ilt iXit 11111 iS 11i ai tI
1). Ititlti oI IlI 11 IX),~ ill K20 pi litc ill
Ii lt' lit II IX it be tip111,s50
Slt 1)1( '4l il t t'l I T lilt l u' Ia\ 411
t1
1
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N111111(1, i l pi .1 (lit w c arc1 II til'h iilli( l titi w f c i fori h ait aX111 11, rc' iX illitl II
I i I S t \ ( ' i L I I t o I I ) I ) I ( ' ,
i(Jd pel aurc
SAl
JA
'1it 1 iti VIi it;;in't 
t 
'.l~
illiii c h t i't ct ii ci i i s boitith (54 .N
\iii ii l It( iihits (liii k it to tl it t (it
c i ti such I ititiI cuollolI petst t jl.
XX 1( 1(1 cItt itti'.d t t ii - Ii'at, 1(( it'ti
CXiii' oCCtiti ill ; iX t ll It li itiI S (
ti7i Iot's It li'X t ill III '1'ii till l. 1)1
hitit iii( it S. I t i s l lit
1
It 114 I .i iit i t,, cilttt
I NN E R?
MFES H.I DAVIS, B,ologist
Alabama Dept. of Conservation
NOLD 0. HAUGEN, Leader
Alabama Coop. Wildlife Research Unit*
Percentages of foods comprising the an- 0i
nual "take" by the bobcat in Alabama are K
shown above. The blank segment repre-
sents snakes, which m~ake up 1 %e of the
bobcat's total food. I
FREE Bulletin or Report of Progress
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
of the ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
E. V. Smith, Director
Auburn, Alabama
Permit No. 11I32-8/57-8M
71ecw aia( 7emd
PUBLICATIONS
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LAS. F'. SIMMONS
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Assoc. Director
Asst. Director
------ Editor
Assoc. Editor
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