SIXTEE~NTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Agricultural Experimenit Station
OF THE
Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
AUBURN, ALABAMA

SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Agricultural Experiment Station
OF TIHE
ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
AUBURN, ALABAMA
JANUARY '25, 1904.
MONTGOMERY, ALA.:
THE BROWN PRINTING CO.. STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS,
1904,

ALABAMIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.
Auburn, Ala., Jan. 25th, 1904.
GOVERNOR WILLIAM 
D. Je-LKS,
Executive Department,
Montgomery, A la.-
SIR :-I have the honor herewith, to transmit to you
the Sixteenth Annual RIeport of the Agricultural Ex-
periment Station of this College.
The report of the T'reasurer, herewith included, is for
the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1903.
This report is made in accordance with the provisions
of the act of Congress (approved March 2nd, 1.887), es-
tablishing Agricultural Experiment Stations in the sev-
eral States and 'Territories.
It contains the report of the Director, the Chemist, the
Veterinarian, the Agriculturist, the' Biologist, and the
Horticulturist, for the year ending December 31st, 1903.
REespectfully,
CIHAS C. THAC(H,
President.
TRUSTEES.
His Excellency, Wm. D. JELKS, President ............... Ex-Offlcio
I. W. HILL, Superintendentof Education.................. Ex-Officio.
R. F. LIGON, JR................................Montgomery, Ala.
TANCRED BETTS..................... ............... Huntsville, Ala.
W M. C. DAVIs........................... ............... Jasper, Ala.
JONATHAN HARALSON..................................Selma, Ala.
N. D. DENSON..................................LaFayette, Ala.
J. A. BILBRO....................................Gadsden, Ala.
J. M. CARMICHAEL...... ............ .............. Ozark, Ala.
W. K. TERRY.................................Birmingham, Ala.
T. H. FRAZER ............................. o.........M obile, Ala.
T. D. SAMFORD................... .................... Opelika, Ala.
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
STATION COUNCIL.
CHAS. C. TIACH, M. A.............................. President.
J. F. DUGGAR, M. S .................... Director and Agriculturist.
B. B. Ross, M. S ....................... Ceit
C. A. CARY, D. V. M.) B. S.................
... .... Veterinarian, and Director Farmers' Institutes.
E. M. ' MLcOX, PH. D........... Plant Physiologist and Pathologist.
J. T. ANDERSON.. Chemist in Charge of Soil and Crop Investigation.
R. S. MACKINTOSH, B. AGE ......................... Horticulturist.
ASSISTANTS.
C. L. HARE, M. S ............................ Assistant Chemist.
A. M. RANSOM, M. S. ......... ........ Assistant Chemist.
THOS. BRAGG, M. S ...... ............ Assistant Chemist.
C. M. FLOYD .......... ............. Superintendent of Farm.
JESSE M. JONES, B. S............ Assistant in Animal Industry.
H. 0. SARGENT, M. S....... ...... Assistant in Horticulture.
6
REPORT OF TREASURER.
Treasurer of Alabama Polytechnic Institute, in account with
United States Appropriation Hatch Fund, for the year 1902-1903.
Receipts-
To UniteCL States Treasury .............
Disbursements-
By amount paid:
Salaries ......................... $8,828 91
Labor ...... ............. ......... 1,367 62
Publications ..... ...... ......... 799 69
Freight and express ............... 266 12
Heat, light, and water .............. 308 29
Chemical supplies ................. . 408 78
Seeds, plants, and supplies ........ 687 81
Fertilizers .... ....... ... ......... . 342 07
Feeding stuff ...... ....... ........ 317 57
Library ...... ...... .............. 500 45
Tools, implements, and machinery .. 72 89
Scientific apparatus ..... . .......... .. 398 38
Live stock ........ ...... ......... 17 25
Furniture and fixtures ............ . 118 37
Contingent ......................... . 15 00
Postage ............................ 147 58
Building and repairs .............. 403 22
$15,000 0
$15,000 00
STATE OF ALABAMA,
Lee County.
Personally appeared before me, Welborn Jones, a Notary Public
in and for said county, E. T. Glenn, known to me as Treasurer of
the A. P. Institute of Alabama, who being duly sworn, deposes 
and
says that the above and foregoing account is true and correct.
Witness my hand, this 25th day of January, 1904.
[SEAL.] WELBORN JONES, N. P.
This is to certify that I have compared the account with the led-
ger account of the Treasurer, and this is a correct transcript of the
same. CHAS. C. THACH,
President A. P. Institute.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND AGRICUL-
TURIST'.
J. F. DUGGAR.
C. C. THACH,
President Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
Sir :-I have the honor to submit the following report
of the work under my charge in 1903 in the Agricultural
Experiment Station.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.
At the last meeting of the Board of Trustees I was
made Director, of the Experiment Station, the duties of
this position beginning July 1st, 1903. The other
changes in the Station staff since that time have been
as follows:
The addition to the staff of an Assistant, Horticul-
turist, H. O. Sargent, a graduate of the Alabama Poly-
technic Institute; and the election by the Executive Com-
mittee of the Board of C. M. Floyd, as Superintendent
of the Farm, vice T. U. Culver, who resigned December
15, 1903, to attend to his, own farming interests.
The work of the Station in the several departments
has been along the lines heretofore pursued. During the
year the bulletins published were as follows:
Annual Report for 1902.-This publication contains
the usual brief reports of the work of the different de-
partments.
Builetin No. 122.-Grazing and Feeding Experiments
With Pigs.-This bulletin by the 'Agriculturist records
the results of a number of feeding experiments with pea-
nuts, chufas, cowpeas, Dwarf Essex Rape, sorghum,
varying percentages of cotton and meal, and rice polish,
alone and in various combinations.
Bulletin No. 123. Vetch, Cowpeas, and Soy Beans;
Hay as Substitute for Wheat Bran.-In this bulletin
from the Agricultural Department are given the results
of feeding experiments! with mileh cows. The results
showed that these home-raised hays were advantageously
used as substitutes for wheat, brai, a material for which
tie Southern dairyman makes large expenditure's, and
the purchase of which may be in a large degree avoided
by growing large amounts of these forage plants.
Bulletin No. 1AT'. The Horticultral La, Notes
on Some of the Insects and Fangous Diseases Affecting
Holrticultural Crops.-This: bulletin by the Horticulturist
Iontains the Alabama law approved March 5, 1903, the
6bject df which is to prevent the introduction and
spread of crop, pests, especially those that threaten the
fruit interests of the State. This publication also con-
tains the rules adopted by the State Board of Horticul-
ture,, created by this act, and consisting of the Commis-
sioner of Agriculture, the President of the Alabama
State Horticultural Society, and the Director of the
Alabama Experiment Station.
In this bulletin are articles describing and giving
remedies or preventive treatment for the San Jose scale,
the new pbach scale, black knot, crown gall, peach yel-
lows, peach and plum rosette, and the wooly aphis.
Bulletin No. 125. Somne Diseases of Gattle.-In this
publication the Veterinarian and his assistant discuss
the cause and treatment of cowpox, varicella, furuncu-
losis, obstructions to the flow of milk from the teat;
poisonous plants, dysentery in young animals, acute
indigestion, abortion, milk fever, and inflammation of
the udder.
Bulletin. No. 126. A Leaf-Curl Disease of Oaks.-In
this bulletin the Plant Pathologist discusses the life his-
tory and remedial treatment of a scale insect which has
done much damage to forest trees in this State.
These publications :contain 222 pages. The usual
number of copies of each bulletin distributed is 11,000.
The mailing list is rapidly increasing. The calls for
bulletins on a great variety of subjects and the contin-
ual increase in correspondence are gratifying evidences
of the recognition ofI the usefulness of the Station. It is
especially noteworthy that a large number of inquiries
come to the Director's office from farmers in the North
who desire to settle in the South.
There has been the usual increase in the number of
volumes in the Station Library. The permanent im-
provements and increarse in equipment are noted in the
reports of the heads, of departments concerned.
Especial attention is called to the advantages to the
livestock and Horticultural interests of the State result-
ing from the work of the Veterinarian in immunizing
large numbers of thoroughbred cattle of beef breeds and
of the Horticulturist in inspecting nurseries and or-
chards.
REPORT OF. THE AGRICULTURIST.
The necessity of repeating field experiments makes
the general plan of field work much the same from year
to year. I have continually endeavored in the feeding-
experiments conducted during each of the past eight
years to encourage the production of such, foods as may
be economically grown on Southern farms instead of 
re-
lying too largely upon purchased foodstuffs.
10
Heretofore, our limitations have made it possible to
use only hogs, dairy cows, and a few young beef animals
in such experimlents. A notable departure has been
made during the past year in beginning a series of feed-
ing experiments with grade short-horn steers on a much
more extensive scale than has been possible in the past.
The foods that are now being, compared as economical
producers of beef are the following:
(1.) Sorghum hay in comparison with a mixture of
cowpea and sorghum hay;
(2.) Sorghum hay and mixed hay (as above) in
comparison with shredded corn stover;
(3.) Cotton, seed meal as compared with cotton. seed.
Up to the time of the publication of this report the
steers on all, of the rations are making satisfactory gains
in weight. Sheds were erected especially 
for feeding ex-
periments with steers.
The occurrence of a, disease that has had no fatalities
has made it necessary to postpone the usual feeding ex-
periments with dairy 
cows.
The purchase of a herd of Herefords and additions to
the Station herds of Angus and Shorthorn cattle has in-
creased the interest of the public in animal industry.
The field work of the, past year has been extensive and
varied. A few of the more important lines of work are
as follows:
Cotton--Continuation of the study of varieties (108 in
1903) with a view to correct descriptions and classifi-
cation; culture and fertilizer experiments at Auburn;
and co-operative fertilizer experiments conducted in a
number of localities in Alabama.
Corn, oatis wheat-Culture, variety and fertilizer ex-
periments.
Cowpeas, Soy Beans, Alfalfa, Sorghum-Variety and
fertilizer tests.
11
Other Forage Plants-Variety and Fertilizer tests.
Soil improvement has been made a prominent feature
of the work, as heretofore. The study of the immediate
and residuial effects of' manure from cattle has been con-
tinued through the past four years. Rotation experi-
ments begun eight years ago are still in progress and
each year's results have increased, value.
The practical value of inoculation of the seed of crim-
son clover, alfalfa, and vetch has again been most strik-
ingly demonstrated on the Station farm in 1903. In or-
dler to make local demonstrations in each county in the
State of the usefulness of this simple process and of the
valueof alfalfa, vetch and crimson clover, co-operation
with the United States Department of Agriculture was
entered into. By this means provision 
was made for 85
experiments w ith alfalfa, 45 with hairy vetch, and 45
with erimson clover, a total of 175 experiments on about
175 acres of land. Although the continued dry weather
oAf last fall and the early and severe frhezes of this win-
ter have doubtless ruined many of these exxperiments; yet
it is expected that the effort to introduce these plants in
nearly every county in the State will give a great, im-
petus to the culture of these most valuable forage and
soil-improving plants and to the upbuilding of the live-
stock industy on this foundation.
Respectfully submitted,
J. F. DUGGAR,
Director and Agriculturist.
12
REPORIT OF TUE CHEMIST.
B. B. ROSS.
C. C. TI-IACEII,
President Alaba ma Polytechnic Inst itute.
Sir :-I beg to submit the following statement with
reference to the character and scope of the work of the
Chemical Department of the Experiment Station for the
year just, ended.
During the six months following the presentation of
the last annual report, the time and attention of the. ana-
lytical staff of this laboratory were almost entirely oc-
cupied with the work of analysis of official samples of
fertilizers, the actual amount of analytical work thus
performed being in excess of any previous year's record.
The results of these analyses have been published, as
heretofore, in the annual fertilizer bulletin issued by the
State Department of Agriculture and the fertilizer work
of the season of 1903-04 is being taken up, at this writ-
ing.
Since the beginning of the present season this office
has answered many inquiries from farmers and consum-
ers with regard to the preparation of home-mixed ferti-
lizers adapted to the requirements of various crops and
soils and much information has been supplied by cor-
respolidence with( reference to formulas for home mix-
tures to supplant to some extent, at least, the complete
mixed fertilizers so generally employed in the fertiliza-
tion of cotton. The increased interest manifested by
consumers in the question of the employment and appli-
13
cation of home, mixed formulas is a.gratifying evidence
of a growing determination to better consult the require-
iments of the plant or soil in the selection of fertilizers
or fertilizing materials for use in the cultivation of the
leading crops.
In addition to the fertilizer work above alluded to
many samples of phospha.te rock, marls, soils, waters,
ores, forage plants, feed stuffs, insecticides, etc., have
been analyzed during the past year, especial attention
having been given during the past summer to the analy-
sis of a considerable number of samples of Paris Green,
for'warded by parties employing this insecticide as a
poison for the cotton worm whose ravages were some-
what extensive in certain sections of the State during
the months of August, and September.
Owing to the liability of adulteration of this insect poi-
son and to the possibility of the sale of low grade or
spurious lots of it for use in this State, a bill regulating
the sale and providing for the inspection of Paris Green
offered for consumption in the State was prepared in
this office and was introduced in both Houses of the
Legislature at the September session.
It received a favorable report from the Agricultural
conmmittees in both the! House and Senate, but failed of
final passage by reason of the inability of the friends of
the measure to secure its consideration owing to the
crowded condition of the calendars during the latter
part of the session.
At its last meeting, a special appropriation was miade
by the Board of Trustees for the purpose of carrying
out experiments in improved methods of syrup making,
the work involved to be conducted under the supervision
of this department. A portion of this fund has been em-
ployed in experimental work in South Alabama, a series
of experiments and analytical tests having been carried
14
to a successful conclusion upon the farms 
of two of the
largest syrup producer s in the State.
Both of these parties offered all possible facilities in
the execution of these experiments and tests, and it is
worthy of note that they have both recently 
purchased
and installed costly and modern apparatus and appli-
ances for the manufacture of syrup upon a large scale.
It ig the intention of this department to issue at an early
date a bulletin upon this ,subject, in which will be em-
bodied the resu.lts of some of these experiments and of
observations with reference thereto.
This department is now conducting a series of labo-
ratory experiments in connection with the subject of
"fillers'" or "nake weights" employed by manufacturers
in the preparation of complete mixed fertilizers, as well
as of acid phosphates, these materials being used chiefly
in low grade fertilizers which are placed- on the market
largely in response to the demand of the consumer for
cheaper and less concentrated commercial manures. It
is possible that some of the matrials employed as fillers
bring about objectionable changes in the composition of
some of the constituents of the mixturets of which they
are the ingredients and it is the purpose of this investi-
gation to study the nature and extent of the changes
thus produced, with a view to incorporating the results
in a future bulletin.
In August of the past year Mr. J. (. Phelps resigned
his position upon the analytical staff of this laboratory
and Mr. A. MeB. Ransom, who filled the position of
Assistant Chemist in the College and Station Labora-
tory during the absence on leave of Assistant Prof. Hare
has been retained as an Assistant Chemist in this depart-
ment. Very respectfully,
B. B. Ross.
15
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST IN CHARGE OF THE SOILS AND
CROP INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1903.
J. T. ANDERSON.
C. C. 
THACH,
President A labanma Polytechnic Institute.
Sir :-During the year 1903, the writer with the co-
operation of the Department of Agriculture was occu-
pied in part with investigations whose purpose was 
to as-
certain to what extent legumes are dependent on the soil
for their nitrogen. A, pressure of duties in other lines
of work caused some delay in executing the analyses of
soils, waters, and crops in these investigations during 
the
season of 1902, and much of this delayed work was 
done
during the year 1903. Circumstances beyond 
our con-
trol prevented the continuance of these pot experiments
during the season of 1903, as was intended, 
the results
hitherto reached seeming to make a continuance 
advis-
able. So it is proposed to take up the 
investigations
again during the coming season.
During the latter part of the year enlbraced 
in this
report some analyses of cotton stalks grown 
on especially
fertilized plots were made to ascertain 
the effect of pot-
ash fertilization on the potash content of 
the plant. This
is preliminary to a fuller investigation 
with the co-ope-
ration of your Department whose pulrpose is 
to ascer-
tain whether tihe potash content of the plant 
may not be
used to determine the potash requirements 
of soils. This
investigation is similar in design and in the method 
of
procedure to that pursued by the writer in 
the work
whose results were set forth in bulletin 57.
As during previous years, the writer was 
required to
16
give the bulk of his time to the analysis of commercial
feritlizers. During the year this work exceeded in vol-
ume. that of any previous year.
During the yast suminuer the State Chemist was ab-
sent on leavei, and duringl his absence the writer per-
formed the duties of' that office.
A few miscellaneous analyses for other Departments
of the Station were also made during the year.
Respectfully submitted,
JAS. T. ANDERSON, Chemist.
(Soils and Crop Investigations.)
REPOR1T OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGIST.
E. M. WILCOX.
C. C. 
THACH,
President Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
My Dear Sir:-I have the honor to submit herewith a
report covering the operations of the Department under
my charge during the year 1903.
The Department has largely added to its permanent
equipment during the year, and is now in better condi-
tion for the prosecution of original investigations than
ever before. Among these!improveminents may be men-
tioned the extensive alterations in the greenhouse anud
laboratory connected therewith that have been fitted up
for work in physiologly and pathology. This laboratory
greenhouse as now fitted up will be of great service to
me in conducting during the winter experiments along
the lines mentioned above. In addition a considerable
number of pieces of apparatus have been added to the
17
equipment, for Station investigations along botanical
lines.
Bulletin 126 recently published, contains the results
of studies made on "A Leaf-Curl Disease of Oaks." It
is proposed to make this spring a more 
extensive test
.of Bordeaux mixture in combatting this very trouble-
some disease.
During the past summner, in co-operation with 
the
9>venth District 
Agricultural School, 
at Albertville,
Alabama, I planted out two, acres to a total of 259 va-
rieties of.Castor Oil Beans for the purpose of determin-
ing the best sort to be grow n to give the 
largest oil yield.
The results of this and previous years' work 
upon this
subject are now being put in shape for early publication
as a Bulletin. A nu.,mber of parties have manifested 
in-
terest in this work and larger plantations of a few 
of the
best varieties may be made during the coming summer 
in
some part of the State.
Considerable attention has been devoted to a study of-
a blight of pecans which was called to my 
attention in
this State. As yet our results are not, in 
shape for pub-
lication, but the work will be continued 
during the coinm-
ing summer. Much progress has been made 
in the study
of the diseases of our leguminous forage 
plants and it is
hoped to continue somel features of the 
work under field
conditions this coming summer.
A Bulletin containing a .descriptive account 
with illus-
trations of the most important diseases 
of cultivated
plants within the State has been practically 
completed
but cannot be published without further 
data be se-
cured regarding the distribution of 
the diseases in the
State. In order to secure this information 
it will be
necessary to .provide funds for traveling 
expenses. Un-
less such provision is made this Department 
cannot make
rapid progress in the study of diseases 
that are known
to occur in the State.
18
' The herbarium has grown the usual amount during the
year; wel now have no proper storage cases for the
herbarium and of course, it would be folly to add rapidly
to our collection under these circumstances. In fact the
present cases are utterly unfit for the purposes of pro-
tecting the collections from insect injury anl it requires
much to prevent the rapid desruction of the plants we
now have on hand. I hope that means may be provided
during the coming year to assist me in caring for and
further extending our collections; it must be remembered
that these collections constitute the most valuable part
of our equipment.
I have been able to accumulate some data regarding
the forest products and resources of the State but have
been able to visit but few localities for this purpose. This
is an important subject and I shall glive it all the atten-
tion possible in, the future.
Respectfully submitted,
E. MEAD 
WILCOX,
Botanist and Plant Physiologist and Pathologist.
REPORT OF VETIEIlNARIAN.
C. A. CARY.
C. C. THACIH,
President Alabama Polytechn'c Institute.
Dear Sir :-The following is a synopsis of the 
work
of tfhe Veterinary Department for the year 1903:
Bulletin No. 125 was issued in June. It treats of
some of the more common diseases of cattle. The follow-
ing table of contents will give sonme idea of its scope:
Cow Pox-Variola..
Varicella
Furunculosis.
19
Obstructions to Milk Flow.
Papillonias (warts).
Poisonous Plants.
(a) Kaia Latifolia (Laurel Ivy).
(b) Acsculus Pavia (Red Buckeye).
(c) PI utnus Curoli.eanus (Mock Orange).
(d) tPrnus Serotna (Wild Cherry).
(e) Pru s Vi rginiana (Choke Cherry).
(f) Prumts Pe'sica ( Peach) .
(g) SorghanL Vulgarc (Sorghum).
(h) Phytolacca decandra (Poke Root).
Dysentery in Young Animals.
Acute Indigestion in Cattle.
Abortion.
Non-Infectious Abortion.
Infectious Abortion.
Parturient Paresis (Milk Fever).
Mamm itis-Masttitis--Garget.
The pig-feeding tests with cotton seed meal have been
continued or repeated. Some new tests are also being
made. A few facts have been fairly well established,
namely: (1) The, younger the pig more susceptible it is
to the poisonous effects of' cotton seed or cotton seed
meal; (2) As a rule, a mixed ration will not kill hogs
or pigs under five or' six weeks; (3) Cotton seed meal
appears to be more virulent or more certainly and rap-
idly fatal than cotton seed; (4) Full blood or pure bred
or cross bred pigs not allowed to run loose in fields are
more isusceptible than grades or scrubs; (5) Cotton seed
meal in mixed ration, appears to be diges'ted and assim-
ilated better than whole cotton seed; (6) Unless a cot-
ton seed or a cotton seed meal 
ration should produce rel-
ative or absolute sterility in sows, it is possible that
pigs may be, made immune by breeding or by heredity.
Protective blood inoculations to, pr'event virulent at-
tacks of tick fever, or to immunize breeding cattle to tick
fever, have been more numerous than in any previous
year. In fact, much of my time, during the winter months
has been taken up in this work. This work is done for
any breeder or vender of pure-bred cattle in Alabama at
the nominal cost of my travelling expenses. This year
we have inaugurated the plan of aiding Northern breed-
20
ers by inoculating and treating herds of pure-bred cattle
a.t tlie Veterinary Department before the cattle are sold
at private sale or public auction; it produces a safer and
more certain immunit'y than that which is attempted by
the novice without proper records, care and attention.
Immunizing breeding, cattle! at the department for the
seller, permits or forces the vendor to pay all the expen-
ses of immunization and stand all losses by death from
inouclation fever. But all deaths from fever by tick in-
oculation should be borne by the purchaser unless he
wishes to pay for what has proven to be a very high price
for a guarantee from the seller that the animal will live
through the first summer following the protective! blood
inoculation. The height and length of the fever reactions
following blood inoculation seem to determine the degree
of immunity; the higher the temperature and the longer
the period of fever (providing the animal can stand it)
the greater the degree of immunity. Hence, the tempera-
ture- records of inoculated cattle must be taken at least
two times per day, in order to secure any accurate idea
oif the, degreel of imnmunity. The best time for inoculat-
ing cattle is in late fall or early winter. The best ages
for cattle, are sucking calves from two to six months old
or weaned calves from 8 to 15 months old. The best 
place
for inoculating cattle is. in the South as near as possible
the place where they are to be used as breeding animals.
The investigation of "sore-head" in chickens has been
continued and we hope to print in the nea* future sonme
of the results obtained.
T -berculin has been made in our laboratory and given
to the. city boards of health of Montgoieury and Birming-
ham and to all veterinarians and doctors in Alabama who
apply for it. We stipulate tha* all records of tuberculin
tests made with our tuberculin be sent to the department.
I have, also, assisted Montgomery and Birmingham in
both meat and milk inspection whenever called upon for
such aid.
I have visited various localities in Alabama to inves-
tigate diseases of live-stock when requested by the Com-
missioner of Agriculture and by live-stock owners.
The Farmers' Institutes for the year 1903 were not
21
quite as numerous, but the total and the average attend-
ance wAere greater than 
in any previouLs year.
No. of Institutes held i-n 1903 .................. 21
No. Counties in -which Institutes were held. ... 20
Total attendance .......................... 3,008
Average attendance at each m eeting...........143
One reason why the number of Institutes 
was slightly
smaller than for the previous year was the fact that a
"Short Summer School for Farmers" was held at the
College and Station, during 
the first part of August, at 
a
time when many Institutes could have been held. Yet 
it.
must be renmembered that the Summer School for Farm-
ers is an outgrowth of Farmers' 
Institute work and might
be considered as a "State Round-up Farmers' Institute."
The sunimer course for 1903 enrolled 130 farmers from
Alabama and Georgia, and next 
year (1904) we expect
to enroll 500 farmers from Alabama.
Respectfully submitted,
C. A. 
CARY,
Ieterinarian and Dircctor of Farmers' 
Institiuts.
REPORT OF HORTICULTURIST.
R. S. MACKINTOSH.
C. C. 
TIIACH,
Presideit .Alabaima Poytechn ic 
Institute.
Sir:-It gives me pleasure to report 
that on taking
charge of the Department of Horticulture, 
in January,
1902T 1 found the greenhouse and the 
orehards and gal-
dens in reasonably good condition. The 
orchard plant-
ings made by Professor 
Earle were made with 
care and
with the idea of solving 
some of the many problems 
con-
fronting the fruit growers of this State.
No new line of work was attempted the 
past year. The
aim has been 
to continue the 
work as formerly 
planned,
22
and to lay a foundation for the future. Considerable
tinme has been spent in rearranging the system of record-
ing notes in order that future additions may be more
easily recorded.
Repairs were nmade to the heating plant and a new ven-
tilasting apparaftus was installed in the greenhouse. This
work was done without employing outside help, The
greenhouse is more economically heated than formerly,
and it enables us to grow some of the more important
plants.
A large part of my time has been taken up in inaugu-
rating the execution of the law passed by the last Legis-
lature, which made the Professor of Horticulture the
State Horticulturist. It is my duty to examine and cer-
tify to the health of' all nursery stock sold or grown in
this State. This work is very important and will be
worth many times its cost in protecting the fruit indus-
try of our State. Up to date,, fifty nurseries have been
examined, and ninety-three outside nurseries have been
granted certificates allowing them to sell trees in this
State. It has taken more time to do this work this year
on account of our not knowing the) location of all the nur-
series. San, Jose scale was found in only four qf these.
The owners realize the importance of sending out clean
stock, and I believe that they have complied with all the
requirements made of them.
The following is a list of the certificates granted to
nurserymen in this State:
1. Alabama Nursery Co., Hutsville.
2. J. O. Kelly & Sons, Jeff.
3. John Fraser, Huntsville.
4. Huntsville Wholesale Nurseries, Huntsville.
5. Oak Lawn Nursery, Huntsville.
6. Stark Bros. Nurseries and Orchards Co., Hunts-
ville.
7. S. Palmer, Madison Station.
8. Trinity Nurseries, Trinity.
9. W. tI. Doughty, Athens.
10. Gravlee Nursery Co., Newtonville.
11. Jioppa Nursery (Co., Joppa.
23
12. J. B. Williamson, 
Joppa.
113. Willie Smith, Albertville.
14. Fort Payne Nursery 
Co., Fort Payne.
15. P. C. Pendergrast, Fort 
Payne.
16. N. WV. Chitwood, Chavies.
17. J. M. Stover, Bay Minette.
18. Jos. W. Thompson, Crichton.
19. Waverly Nurseries, 
Waverly.
20. J. J. Colmant, Birmingham.
21. C. A. Hughes, 
Getup.
22. AV. G. Joiner, Ashland.
23. H. F. Joiner, Ashland.
24. V. L. Morris, Cussetta.
25. NV. C. Joiner, HIaywood.
26. Alexander City Nurser Co., Alexander City.
27. St. Clair Nursery Co., Steele.
28. Jamestown Nurseries, Jamestown.
29. NV. B. Moseley & Sons, Jamestown.
30. Cbisholm & Noble, Anniston.
31. F. E. Welch, Chunchula.
32. W. P. Robert, Semumes.
33. James A. NWulff, Semmes.
34. Rosemont Gardens, Montgomery.
35. Joseph Pfingstl, Montgomery.
36. J. Mi. Crutchfield, Cuvllman.
3i. W. F. Kent, Potash.
38. G. W. Lipp, Potash.
39. Frank Holan, York.
40. Alabama Rose Gardens, Newbern.
41. E. AN. Riley., Albertville.
42. R. N. Moody, Albertville.
43. DeKalb Nurseries, Fort Payne.
44. Brewer and Miles, Fort Payne.
45. Evergreen Nursery Co., Evergreen.
46. North Castleberry Strawberry Association, Cas-
tleberry.
47. B. F. Page, Canoe.
48. J. Tolmes, Montgomery.
49. A. T. Callahan, Point Clear.
50. Escatawpa-River Nursery Co., Fruitdale.
51. M. B. Inman, Fruitdale.
24
The following dealers certificates have been issued:
1. Wm. E. Meade, JBiruingham.
2. MA. -. Dawson, Montgomery.
3. James A. Ligon, 
Spring Valley.
4. F. J. Ulbricht, Anniston.
5. A. Swift, Fairhope.
6. J. J. Holmes, Montgomery.
The nurseries report the following stock growing on
their grounds:
Peach ...... ................ .......... 4495,850
Apples ................................. 892,650
Plum. ................................. 696,500
Pear ........... ......................
1,384,700
Cherry ............................... 1,140,700
Pecan .............................. 106,100
Grape.................................189,700
Miscellaneon s, (Include ornamentals, 
roses,
etc.) ............................. 358500
Total .......................... 9,274,700
The Horticultural Law and Notes on Som of the In-
sects and Fungous Diseases affecting Horticultural
Crops was printed as Bulletin No. 124. The demand for
this has been very heavy and the edition of 12,000 is now
exhausted.
A State Horticultural Society was organized soon
after I took charge of the work. There is need of a
strong society of this kind in the State in order that the
various growers may meet to discuss the many problems
that confront them.
I wish to thank the railroads of the State for 
their
kidness in furnishing much of the transportation 
used
in travelling about the State.
1. S. MACKINTOSH,
Hovticulturist.