December 1990 Ah;srnmy and Sc s Departmental Series No. 149 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Lowell T. Frobish, Director Auburn University Auburn University, Alabama PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 1990 TABLE OF OONIENTS Page INTRODUCrI .*ONI ................... 5...................* 5 P R0EXPERIMENTAL PEOXCEDURESE........................ 5 VARIEIY COMPARISONS ............................. 6 ACkOWLEDGMENTS .. a.................................... 8 TABLE 1. IoCATIONS AND CULTURAL PRACICES FOR HE 1990 GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID T*ESTSe...9............... 9 TABLE 2. GIROCWING SEASON RAINFALL, 1989-90..0.. .. ................ 10 NORIHERN ALABAMA TABLE 3. YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR NORIHERN ALABAMA, 1988-90 11 TABLE 4. CROSSVILLE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990...............12 TABLE 5. WINFIELD GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990.......0..........13 CENTRAL ALABAMA TABLE 6. YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR CENTRAL ALABAMA, 1988-90. 14 TABLE 7. PRATIVILTE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990............. .. 15 TABLE 8. MARION JUNCTION GRAIN SORGHIUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990.........16 TABLE 9. SHORTER GRAIN SOIRGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990..................17 SOUIHERN ALABAMA TABLE 10. YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR SOUIERN ALABAMA, 1988-90. 18 TABLE 11. MONROEVILLE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990. .. . . .. .0.0. .0....19 TABLE 12. FAIRHOPE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990. .. .......... . ... 20 TABLE 13. HEADIAND GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990.. ........... ..... 21 TABLE 14. PLANT HEIGHT OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS BY REGION OR ICAiTION, 1990....................................22 SOURS OFSEED FORHE1990 GRAIN SORUM TESTS....................23 ACPALE HYBRIE6 FOR 1991.................................. 24 Information contained herein is available to all persons regardless of race, color, sex, or national origin. PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN AIABAMA, 1990 D. L. Thurlow and W. C. Johnson 1 INTRODUCrION Grain sorghum performance tests are conducted annually throughout Alabama by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. These tests give a comparison of hybrid performance under the conditions at a particular location. The locations used represent major soil and climatic areas of the State. The performance of hybrids varies with location. Therefore, this report should be carefully studied before a hybrid is selected. XPERIMENTAL PROCEEURES Cultural practices were uniform for all hybrids within a given test. The experimental design for all tests was a randomized complete block with four replications. Test plots were two 36-inch rows, 20 or 30 feet in length. The target plant population was 60,000 plants per acre, with a seeding rate 25 percent higher to ensure a good stand. Test cultural practices are listed in table 1. Grain yields were obtained by harvesting the whole test plot with a plot combine, and adjusting harvested grain weight and moisture to a standard 14 percent moisture and 56 pounds per bushel. Lodging is given as the percentage of plants broken or leaning at an angle of more than 45 degrees. The seedheads of lodged plants were not included in the yields reported. Time (days) to mid-bloom is one measure of relative maturity. This is taken as days from planting to the date when approximately one-half of the heads in the plot are in bloom. IAssociate Professor and Professor of Agronomy aid Soils. -5- Bird damage was heavy and relatively uniform in 1988 at the following locations: Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville; Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville; and Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope. Damage in 1989 was heavy at Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville, and E.V. Smith Research Center, Shorter. The test at Prattville Field was discarded because of the bird problem in 1989, but it had only moderate damage in 1990. There was considerable damage at the Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina, on a few of the early varieties in 1989 and the test was discarded in 1990 because of the bird problem. Damage was light to none at the following locations in 1989 and 1990: Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield; Monroeville Experiment Field, Monroeville; and Wiregrass Substation, Headland. Bird damage can be a problem in small fields. In selecting a hybrid, consideration should be given to bird populations; if damage is anticipated, bird-resistant hybrids should be used. Bird-resistant grain sorghum hybrids are sometimes difficult to market and may have lower feed value than the non-bird-resistant hybrids. VARIETIY COMPARISONS The performance of hybrids varies among years and locations. Small yield differences among hybrids may be the result of slight environmental or cultural differences rather than differences in yield potential among hybrids. To aid in determining real differences, a statistical analysis of variance was performed on the data from each location. The L.S.D. (least significant difference) at the 5 percent level is reported to help determine real differences between hybrid yields for each location. If the yield difference is greater than the L.SOD. value between two hybrids at a given location, the two hybrids are considered to be significantly different in yield. The C.V. (coefficient of variation) is a measure of test variability. -6- An increase in its value indicates a decrease in the precision of the test data. The list of acceptable hybrids is based on 3-year-average grain yield and lodging data. The list is divided into three regions, north, central, and south. Since all acceptable hybrids are not equal in performance, a review of the data fran several years at the test location similar to your situation is the most reliable method for selecting a hybrid best suited for your farming needs. Anthracnose has become a major factor in grain sorghum production in Alabama, and there were sporadic outbreaks of this disease during the 1987 growing season, but none were observed in 1988, 1989, or 1990. In years prior to 1987, however, grain sorghum in many northeast and west-central Alabama counties was devastated by anthracnose. Sane fields yielded 50 to 75 percent less grain than expected. Feed quality of much of the harvested grain from diseased fields was also poor. Resistant grain sorghum hybrids have been the best defense against anthracnose. Of available adapted grain sorghum hybrids, Funk's G-1711 and Pioneer Brand 8333 have the best resistance to this disease. Other hybrids with same anthracnose resistance are Dekalb DK-64 and Pioneer Brand 8222. Good management plus use of disease-resistant grain sorghum hybrids are necessary to reduce losses to anthracnose. There was not a second or ratoon crop of sorghum in 1989 or 1990 at any location. Plant height of grain sorghum hybrids is reported as regional averages (central, northern, southern) and a single location of Fairhope, table 14. The rainfall during June aid July in 1989 was good at all locations, resulting in good yields except where bird damage was a problem, table 2. However, rainfall in 1990 during these two months was quite variable. -7- ACENCWLED~MENTS The performance trials were conducted in cooperation with the following substation and experiment field superintendents and their staffs whose quality work makes this report a reliable source of information for farmers in their areas. Northern Alabama Tenessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina - W. B. Webster, H. E. Burgess, B. E. Norris Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville - J. T. Eason, M. E. Ruf Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield - W. A. Griffey, R. C. Pawls Central Alabama Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction - J. L. Holliman, J.R. Harris Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville - D. P. Moore E. V. Smith Research Center, Shorter - R. R. Duffield Southern Alabama Monroeville Experiment Field, Monroeville - J. R. Akridge Wiregrass Substation, Headland - H. W. Ivey, L. W. Wells, B. F. Gamble Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope - E. L. Carden, N. R. McDaniel, M. D. Pegues Appreciation is also expressed to Mien-Huei Tzeng and Sally Bagwell, Research Data Analysis, for the computation, summarization, and analysis of the data in this report. -8- Teble 1. LDations and 0Qiltu-ral Practices for the 1990 Grain Soxgh= Hybrid Tests (Baee ina) SwidI Muntain Su1statio (Crossville) Upper Coastal Plain Sbtto (Winfield) E9 V. Smith Bes-eardi eter (Mxrter) Bladc Belt Subsatatio (Narion Juntin) Prattville Expeimet Field (Pra4ttville) Mmoroville EprutField Wiregrass Sbsaion Gulf Qoast Sustation WFit I~q PantiM~ Nitrogn Plant Harvest Hbicidas Insecticides date rate pciation date May 3 May 3 April14 April1 20 Nay 25 'Aprl20 Apil313 Aprl 17 85 126 80 80 107 120 120 100 120 60,000 60,000 60g,000 60,000 60j, 000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000o No harvest August 27 Sqe-omitiezr 24 August 7 August 21 August 6 August 3 & 6 July 25 August 8 Atrazine2 Atrazine Noane Atrazine Atrazine Atrazine Atrazine Atrazine None Lanate Nudrin Sevin, Torsban Lanate 1onsper ace N. Iim, mbxru, potassium, zim, and sulfur woreapplied acxxardixq to r e mz ain ae on soil test. 2,Ai Atrazln was applied ]or dst when the sorghum was approximtely 4 inchkes high. Table 2. Growing Season Rainfall Monthly rainfall 7 months Test location Year Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. total inches.----- Belle Nina 1989 5.6 3.2 3.9 13.5 5.1 2.8 3.9 37.9 1990 8.0 4.5 5.0 3.9 3.8 1.2 1.5 27.9 Crossville 1989 5.8 3.3 3.4 8.3 9.1 1.8 8.9 40.6 1990 7.4 3.4 4.1 3.5 2.0 2.0 3.9 26.3 Winfield 1989 5.0 3.8 4.5 8.3 7.3 3.3 5.7 37.9 1990 6.9 3.2 7.2 7.3 3.1 2.1 2.7 25.5 Shorter 1989 9.5 7.0 3.5 14.4 9.0 1.9 5.8 51.1 1990 10.9 2.9 4.6 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.1 26.6 Prattville 1989 7.1 6.0 3.2 10.7 8.1 1.0 2.0 38.1 1990 10.1 1.6 4.8 1.6 6.1 1.3 0.3 25.8 Marion Junction 1989 7.3 5.5 1.9 9.3 5.7 1.3 1.5 32.5 1990 9.9 4.5 5.0 1.6 3.5 0.8 0.7 26.0 Monroeville 1989 7.0 8.2 3.6 13.4 7.3 1.7 4.5 45.7 1990 9.0 4.5 6.2 0.7 5.3 2.3 1.8 29.8 Fairhope 1989 4.3 2.9 7.0 18.5 8.9 2.2 0.8 44.6 1990 10.4 2.5 4.9 6.2 5.8 0.9 1.6 32.3 Headland 1989 5.2 3.0 5.6 11.6 7.2 1.9 5.1 39.6 1990 4.3 2.1 3.5 2.7 3.2 0.8 0.8 17.4 -10- TABLE 3. YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES 1/ FOR NORTHERN ALABAMAI 1988-90 BRAND-HYBRID YIELD PER ACRE LODGED STALKS Bu. POT.!- CAPEHART CHALLENGER 80 8.7 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 80 20.9 AFC 861 79 5.4 NEW NK 2660 79 13.5 DELTAPINE G-522A 78 10.0 PIONEER 8222 78 38 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 77 13.5 FF'R 321 DR 78 13.4 AGRATECH GK802G 76 10.3 CAPEHART CONTENDER 76 14.1 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 74 12.7 DELTAPINE RA 787 73 10.1 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 72 12.1 DELTAPINE G-1711 72 7.9 HY PERFORMER WINGS 72 6.8 DEKALE DK 60 71 2.9 PIONEER 8333 71 7.7 DEKALE DK 84 69 13.3 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 69 10.1 CAPEHART CHAMPION 68 20.7 AGRATECH GK712G 683 10.7 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 65 10.3 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 61 13.2 CARG ILL 4462 59 10.7 BELLE MINAo CROSSYILLEs AND WINFIELD. NOT INCLUDED DUE TO BIRD DAMAGE. * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. BELLE MINA DATA FOR 1990 -11- TABLE 4. CROSSVILLE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL 1 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1988-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 71 95 92 7/21 0.0 81.3 DELTAPINE G-522A 64 83 78 7/20 35.0 30. 0 FFR 321 DR 66 84 77 7/22 31.3 6.3 AGRATECH GK802G 57 83 75 7/22 32.5 2.5 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 62 84 75 7/22 25.0 5.0 CAPEHART CONTENDER 63 85 75 7/21 32.5 3. 8 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 63 82 74 7/21 30.0 5.0 NEW NK 2660 58 80 74 7/22 35.0 7. 5 PIONEER 8222 53 81 74 7/21 32.5 6.3 AFC 861 55 84 73 7/22 30.0 13.8 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 64 79 72 7/22 35.0 1.3 HY PERFORMER WINGS 52 77 72 7/22 36.3 18.8 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 54 78 70 7/22 25.0 7.5 AGRATECH GK712G 59 75 70 7/20 22.5 13 8 PIONEER 8333 60 78 70 7/20 32.5 21.3 DELTAPINE G-1711 53 76 69 7/23 30.0 8.8 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 63 75 65 7/22 32.5 2.5 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 64 80 65 7/21 22.5 22.5 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 46 76 65 7/23 43.8 31.3 DELTAPINE RA 787 48 72 64 7/22 35.0 13.8 CAPEHART CHAMPION 49 76 63 7/23 37.5 62.5 DEKALB DK 60 61 85 61 7/23 15.0 2.5 CARGILL 4462 42 64 58 7/21 46.3 16.3 DEKALB DK 64 46 70 56 7/20 45.0 16.3 NEW NK KS 780 58 82 - 7/22 28.8 6.3 AFC 402 52 80 7/22 33.8 5.0 PIONEER 8230 55 71 - 7/20 32.5 45.0 BIG CROP OLE' 67 - - 7/21 32.5 3. 8 NEW NK KS 786 63 - - 7/24 20.0 17.5 DEKALB DK 64BR * 62 - 7/19 0.0 90.0 PIONEER 8313 61 - - 7/22 20.0 22.5 CARGILL X 15277 60 - -7/22 35.0 1.3 DEKALB X 977 59 - - 7/20 30.0 2.5 CAPEHART CREAM 57 - 7/20 31.3 7. 5 BIG CROP ULTIMA 57 - - 7/21 32.5 1 3 HY PERFORMER EXP. 89-3 56 - - 7/21 40.0 2. 5 BIG CROP OPTIMA 56 - 7/22 31.3 28.8 CARGILL 847 55 - - 7/23 26.3 33.8 DELTAPINE 6012XS 53 - - 7/21 42.5 1.3 CARGILL 630 52 - - 7/20 32.5 8. 8 FFR 331 DR 51 - - 7/22 36.3 50.0 DEKALB X 866 51 - - 7/22 27.5 16.3 AGRATECH 805GW 50 - - 7/20 37.5 7. 5 DEKALB X 980 45 - - 7/24 27.5 6.3 TEST MEAN 57 L.S.D. (.os05) 9.1 C.V. (%) 11.5 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -12- TABLE 5. WINFIELD GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1988-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. AFC 861 48 67 86 - 0.0 17.5 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 41 68 82 - 0.0 42.5 PIONEER 8222 50 71 80 - 0.0 15.0 DELTAPINE G-522A 49 71 79 - 0.0 28.8 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 30 58 78 - 0.0 27.5 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 40 55 77 - 0.0 42.5 NEW NK 2660 29 60 75 - 0.0 71.3 CAPEHART CONTENDER 29 60 75 - 0.0 80.0 DELTAPINE RA 787 37 65 74 - 0.0 46.3 CAPEHART CHAMPION 22 52 74 - 0.0 60. 0 DELTAPINE G-1711 35 60 74 - 0.0 37.5 FFR 321 DR 24 61 73 - 0.0 72.5 DEKALB DK 60 23 60 71 - 0.0 13.8 AGRATECH GK802G 33 58 71 - 0.0 57.5 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 25 57 71 - 0.0 75.0 DEKALB DK 64 26 56 71 - 0.0 60.0 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 30 59 71 - 0.0 68.8 CARGILL 4462 30 49 70 - 0.0 45.0 PIONEER 8333 41 65 70 - 0.0 23.8 HY PERFORMER WINGS 37 55 68 - 0.0 18.8 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 28 57 68 - 0.0 70.0 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 35 52 67 - 0.0 37.5 AGRATECH GK712G 35 55 63 - 0.0 48.8 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 30 39 53 - 0.0 75.0 NEW NK KS 780 42 64 - - 0.0 42.5 AFC 402 27 60 - - 0.0 45 0 PIONEER 8230 36 57 - - 0.0 22.5 DELTAPINE 6012XS 73 - - - 0.0 2. 5 CARGILL 847 52 - - - 0.0 25. 0 NEW NK KS 786 51 - - - 0.0 27.5 HY PERFORMER EXP.89-3 50 - - - 0.0 20.0 BIG CROP ULTIMA 49 - - - 0.0 10.0 CARGILL X 15277 47 - - - 0.0 38.8 DEKALB X 866 46 - - - 0.0 22.5 CAPEHART CREAM 45 - - - 0.0 0.0 DEKALB X 977 43 - - - 0.0 7.5 CARGILL 630 40 - - - 0.0 7. 5 PIONEER 8313 37 - - - 0.0 50.0 AGRATECH 805GW 36 - - - 0.0 15.0 BIG CROP OLE' 29 - - - 0.0 77.5 BIG CROP OPTIMA 26 - - - 0.0 55. 0 FFR 331 DR 26 - - - 0.0 77.5 DEKALB DK 64BR * 20 - - - 0.0 33.8 DEKALB X 980 19 - - - 0.0 77.5 TEST MEAN 36 L. S.D. (.05) 15.9 C.V. (%) 31.2 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -13- TABLE 6. YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR 1/ CENTRAL ALABAMA, 19e7-90 BRAND-HYBRID YIELD PER ACRE LODGED STALKS .PCT. NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 56 2.6 DELTAPINE G-522A 55 1.4 DELTAPINE RA 787 51 0.6 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 51 1. 1 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 51 1.8 DELTAPINE G-1711 51 3.1 FFR 321 DR 50 2.2 PIONEER 8333 50 0.3 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 50 2.5 NEW NK 2660 49 2.9 AGRATECH GK712G 49 0.6 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 49 3.2 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 48 3.6 HY PERFORMER WINGS 46 3.1 AGRATECH GK802G 45 2.9 CARGILL 4462 43 9.0 DEKALB DK 64 41 5.1 P"RATTVILLE, SHORTER, AND MARION JUNCTION. PRATTVILLE, 1987-88&1990. SHORTER, 1988-90. MARION JUNCTION, 1987&1989-90. * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -14- TABLE 7. PRATTVILLE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1988& '90 1987-88&'90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. PIONEER 8333 42 37 46 - 11.3 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522A 40 37 44 - 11.3 3.8 DELTAPINE RA 787 46 38 44 - 5.0 0.0 DEKALB DK 64BR * 30 38 43 - 6.3 11.3 AGRATECH GK712G 42 36 42 - 5.0 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 35 36 41 - 6.3 0.0 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 32 38 41 - 5.0 1.3 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 43 37 40 - 5.0 0.0 NEW NK 2660 35 34 39 - 6.3 0.0 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 35 33 39 - 6.3 0.0 DELTAPINE G-1711 44 36 38 - 7.5 0. 0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 45 38 37 - 7.5 0.0 FFR 321 DR 37 37 36 - 10.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 39 34 35 - 5.0 0.0 AGRATECH GK802G 33 28 34 - 6.3 0.0 CARGILL 4462 35 33 33 - 8.8 1.3 HY PERFORMER WINGS 27 28 31 - 6.3 0. 0 DEKALB DK 64 29 25 28 - 11.3 7.5 FFR 331 DR 43 38 - - 7.5 2.5 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 46 38 - - 7.5 0.0 CAPEHART CHAMPION 38 37 - - 6.3 1.3 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 41 36 - - 6.3 0.0 AFC 861 42 35 - 5.0 0.0 CAPEHART CONTENDER 32 33 - - 7.5 1.3 PIONEER 8222 36 32 - - 12.5 1.3 DEKALB DK 60 12 19 - - 10.0 0.0 NEW NK KS 786 47 - - - 6.3 0.0 PIONEER 8313 45 - - - 8.8 0.0 CARGILL 847 43 - - - 5.0 0.0 CAPEHART CREAM 41 - - - 5.0 1.3 PIONEER 8230 40 - - - 5.0 0.0 AGRATECH 805GW 40 - - - 2.5 0.0 BIG CROP OPTIMA 40 - - - 5.0 1.3 BIG CROP ULTIMA 40 - - - 6.3 0.0 DEKALB X 866 39 - - - 5.0 1.3 DELTAPINE 6012XS 39 - - - 12.5 0.0 DEKALB X 980 38 - - - 8.8 0.0 CARGILL X 15277 37 - - - 8.8 0.0 AFC 402 34 - - - 3.8 1.3 DEKALB X 977 34 - - - 5.0 1.3 BIG CROP OLE' 33 - - - 6.3 0.0 HY PERFORMER EXP.89-3 32 - - - 6.3 0.0 NEW NK KS 780 31 - - - 3.8 0.0 CARGILL 630 28 - - - 6.3 0.0 TEST MEAN 37 L.S.D. (.05) 12.1 C.V. (%) 23.2 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -15- TABLE 8. MARION JUNCTION GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1987&'89-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. NEW NK 2660 99 102 80 7/2 11.3 0.0 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 95 102 80 7/3 1.3 0.0 FFR 321 DR 96 101 79 7/2 8.8 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522A 102 98 78 6/30 16.3 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 96 100 78 7/3 13.8 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 88 95 78 7/3 22.5 0.0 DELTAPINE G-1711 92 102 77 7/5 18.8 0.0 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 84 96 76 7/4 11.3 0.0 DELTAPINE RA 787 95 96 76 7/3 18.8 0.0 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 89 90 74 7/3 20.0 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 92 92 73 7/4 12.5 0.0 AGRATECH GK802G 93 93 72 7/2 18.8 0.0 HY PERFORMER WINGS 79 91 71 7/5 18.8 0.0 AGRATECH GK712G 95 89 69 7/1 10.0 0.0 CARGILL 4462 100 87 67 7/1 10.0 0.0 PIONEER 8333 86 86 66 7/1 21.3 0.0 DEKALB DK 64 67 79 66 7/2 36.3 0.0 CAPEHART CONTENDER 105 104 - 7/3 15.0 0.0 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 101 103 - 7/3 16.3 0.0 AFC 861 96 102 - 7/4 17.5 0.0 DEKALB DK 60 86 98 - 7/6 21.3 0.0 AFC 402 89 94 - 7/3 11.3 0.0 PIONEER 8222 85 94 - 7/3 10.0 0.0 NEW NK KS 780 87 94 - 7/4 16.3 0.0 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 80 90 - 7/2 17.5 0.0 CAPEHART CHAMPION 79 89 - 7/5 23.8 0.0 PIONEER 8230 87 81 - 7/2 12.5 0.0 CARGILL X 15277 103 - - 6/30 11.3 0.0 HY PERFORMER EXP. 89-3 100 - - 7/3 16.3 0.0 BIG CROP OLE' 96 - - 7/3 13.8 0.0 PIONEER 8313 96 - - 7/2 13.8 0.0 DEKALB X 866 92 - - 7/4 20.0 0.0 AGRATECH 805GW 92 - - 6/30 10.0 0.0 BIG CROP ULTIMA 91 - - 7/5 15.0 0.0 BIG CROP OPTIMA 90 - - 7/4 20.0 0.0 NEW NK KS 786 90 - - 7/5 17.5 0.0 DEKALB X 977 87 - - 7/1 13.8 0.0 FFR 331 DR 86 - - 7/4 20.0 0.0 CAPEHART CREAM 86 - - 7/1 11.3 0.0 DEKALB X 980 85 - - 7/5 25.0 0.0 CARGILL 847 84 - - 7/6 12.5 0.0 DELTAPINE 6012XS 81 - - 6/30 17.5 0.0 CARGILL 630 80 - - 7/1 13.8 0.0 DEKALB DK 64BR * 71 - - 7/2 0.0 0.0 TEST MEAN 90 L.S.D. (.05) 19.2 C.V. (%) 15.3 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -16- TABLE 9. SHORTER GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1988-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 39 39 47 6/25 6.3 1.3 PIONEER 8222 31 32 43 6/29 26.3 0.0 DEKALB DK 60 27 27 42 7/3 13.8 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522A 40 33 41 6/24 13.8 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 31 28 39 6/29 18.8 0.0 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 28 30 39 6/24 11.3 0.0 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 38 31 39 6/27 12.5 0.0 CAPEHART CONTENDER 29 27 38 6/27 21.3 0.0 AFC 861 35 30 38 6/27 21.3 0.0 PIONEER 8333 27 23 38 6/23 35.0 0.0 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 28 28 37 6/28 10.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER WINGS 29 30 36 6/27 6.3 0.0 DELTAPINE G-1711 31 24 36 6/27 28.8 0.0 AGRATECH GK712G 29 22 36 6/24 22.5 0.0 FFR 321 DR 29 26 35 6/28 25.0 0.0 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 32 25 35 6/28 13.8 0.0 DELTAPINE RA 787 28 25 33 6/28 23.8 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 32 25 33 6/27 16.3 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 27 24 30 6/27 7.5 0.0 AGRATECH GK802G 24 23 29 6/30 6.3 0.0 NEW NK 2660 24 24 28 6/30 0.0 0.0 CARGILL 4462 24 22 28 6/23 3.8 1.3 DEKALB DK 64 27 22 28 6/25 11.3 1.3 CAPEHART CHAMPION 29 26 27 6/28 32.5 0.0 CARGILL X 15277 32 28 - 6/29 30.0 0.0 PIONEER 8230 29 27 - 6/23 10.0 0.0 AFC 402 31 27 - 6/26 20.0 0.0 BIG CROP OLE' 29 26 - 6/26 26.3 0.0 AGRATECH 805GW 33 26 - 6/23 7.5 0.0 BIG CROP OPTIMA 25 26 - 6/27 38. 8 0.0 CARGILL 847 30 25 - 6/30 25.0 0.0 NEW NK KS 786 24 25 - 6/30 17.5 0.0 NEW NK KS 780 24 24 - 6/28 3.8 0.0 DEKALB X 866 34 - - 6/27 16.3 0.0 DELTAPINE 6012XS 33 - - 6/26 11.3 0.0 CAPEHART CREAM 33 - - 6/23 0.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER EXP.89-3 30 - - 6/27 7.5 0.0 CARGILL 630 30 - - 6/22 17.5 0.0 DEKALB X 977 30 - - 6/23 21.3 0.0 PIONEER 8313 29 - - 6/28 23.8 0.0 FFR 331 DR 28 - - 6/26 15.0 0.0 BIG CROP ULTIMA 28 - - 6/27 13.8 0.0 DEKALB X 980 20 - - 6/30 38.8 0.0 DEKALB DK 64BR * 19 - - 6/22 7.5 27.5 TEST MEAN 29 L.S.D. (.05) 8.1 C.V. (%) 19.6 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -17- TABLE 10. YIELD AND /LODGING AVERAGES FOR SOUTHERN ALABAMA1988-90LODGING AVERAGES ALABAMA, 1986-90 BRAND-HYBRID YIELD PER ACRE LODGED STALKS BU. PCT. DELTAPINE G-522 DR 83 0.3 PIONEER 8222 82 0.0 FFR 321 DR 80 1.4 DELTAPINE RA 787 79 1.8 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 79 0. 3 HY PERFORMER WINGS 79 1.4 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 78 1.2 DEKALB DK 64 78 7.8 AFC 861 78 1.3 DELTAPINE G-1711 78 1.6 NEW NK 2660 77 0.1 CAPEHART CONTENDER 77 0.1 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 77 0.2 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 76 1.4 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 76 5.1 PIONEER 8333 76 1.9 DELTAPINE G-522A 75 1.0 AGRATECH GK802G 74 0.2 CARGILL 4462 72 8.7 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 72 0.1 AGRATECH GK712G 71 1.2 DEKALB DK 60 71 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 69 10.3 CAPEHART CHAMPION 64 14.9 1 /HEADLAND, MONROEVILLE, AND FAIRHOPE. * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -18- TABLE 11. MONROEVILLE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1988-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. DEKALB DK 64 77 93 88 6/20 - 17.5 PIONEER 8222 82 91 87 6/19 - 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 75 90 87 6/18 - 1.0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 81 92 87 6/19 - 46.3 AFC 861 81 92 86 6/19 - 4.3 DELTAPINE RA 787 81 93 85 6/20 - 3. 5 FFR 321 DR 72 88 83 6/17 - 0.0 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 68 85 83 6/17 - 36. 3 DELTAPINE 0-1711 80 91 83 6/20 - 5. 5 HY PERFORMER WINGS 79 87 83 6/19 -2.3 CAPEHART CHAMPION 74 83 80 6/18 - 56.3 PIONEER 8333 80 81 80 6/17 - 0. 5 NEW NK 2660 73 83 80 6/18 - 0. 5 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 69 87 79 6/16 - 1.3 DEKALB DK 60 80 91 79 6/24 - 0.0 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 68 82 78 6/17 - 1.5 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 73 83 78 6/19 - 5. 5 CAPEHART CONTENDER 73 82 77 6/18 - 0. 5 AGRATECH GK802G 75 79 76 6/18 - 1.0 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 72 80 75 6/17 - 1.3 CARGILL 4462 66 75 75 6/16 - 52.5 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 72 77 74 6/19 - 0.0 AGRATECH GK712G 67 78 74 6/16 - 0.5 DELTAPINE G-522A 65 75 71 6/16 - 3.8 AFC 402 84 91 - 6/21 - 1.8 NEW NK KS 780 72 84 - 6/19 - 0.0 PIONEER 8230 68 80 - 6/17 - 20. 5 DELTAPINE 6012XS 99 - - 6/20 - 0.0 AGRATECH 805GW 89 - - 6/17 - 0. 5 DEKALB X 980 85 - - 6/23 - 0.0 CAPEHART CREAM 81 - - 6/17 - 0.0 FFR 331 DR 81 - - 6/20 - 22.5 NEW NK KS 786 81 - - 6/20 - 1.0 DEKALB X 866 80 - - 6/20 - 3.8 CARGILL X 15277 79 - - 6/20 - 0.0 DEKALB X 977 79 - - 6/17 - 1.0 BIG CROP OPTIMA 78 - - 6/19 - 3. 5 PIONEER 8313 77 - - 6/20 - 0.0 HY PERFORMER EXP.89-3 77 - - 6/19 - 33.0 BIG CROP ULTIMA 73 - - 6/19 - 0.5 BIG CROP OLE' 72 - - 6/17 - 1. 5 CARGILL 630 70 - - 6/16 - 4.0 CARGILL 847 65 - - 6/19 - 8. 8 DEKALB DK 64BR * 56 - - 6/16 - 94.5 TEST MEAN 76 L.S.D. (.05) 8.6 C.V. (%) 8.2 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -19- TABLE 12. FAIRHOPE GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1988-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO./DAY PCT. PCT. DELTAPINE G-522 DR 116 114 102 6/18 5.0 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522A 112 110 97 6/16 10.0 0.0 PIONEER 8222 113 113 96 6/18 6.3 0.0 NEW NK 2660 106 108 96 6/20 8.8 0.0 CAPEHART CONTENDER 116 110 96 6/18 6.3 0.0 FFR 321 DR 108 103 95 6/18 8.8 0.0 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 104 111 95 6/16 5.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 100 104 94 6/19 5.0 0.0 DELTAPINE G-1711 110 111 93 6/20 10.0 0.0 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 103 109 93 6/18 5.0 0.0 DELTAPINE RA 787 110 107 93 6/21 10.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER WINGS 113 110 92 6/20 15.0 0.0 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 104 108 90 6/19 17.5 0.0 PIONEER 8333 121 108 90 6/17 12.5 0.0 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 101 103 89 6/18 15.0 0.0 AGRATECH GK802G 98 106 89 6/19 17.5 0.0 CARGILL 4462 105 101 88 6/16 5.0 0.5 AGRATECH GK712G 109 93 83 6/16 5.0 0.0 AFC 861 101 101 83 6/20 12.5 0.0 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 113 107 82 6/17 15.0 1.3 DEKALB DK 64 96 97 76 6/19 30.0 0.0 DEKALB DK 60 74 88 72 6/26 22.5 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 78 85 71 6/20 35.0 0.5 CAPEHART CHAMPION 80 82 66 6/20 37.5 0.0 NEW NK KS 780 112 107 - 6/19 7.5 0.0 PIONEER 8230 114 102 - 6/17 10.0 0.0 AFC 402 103 102 - 6/20 12.5 0.0 PIONEER 8313 121 - - 6/19 10.0 0.0 BIG CROP OLE' 117 - - 6/18 3.8 0.0 CARGILL X 15277 116 - - 6/22 15.0 0.0 CAPEHART CREAM 115 - - 6/17 2.5 1.3 AGRATECH 805GW 114 - - 6/17 8.8 0.0 CARGILL 847 112 - - 6/20 1.3 0.0 HY PERFORMER EXP.89-3 109 - - 6/18 15.0 0.0 DELTAPINE 6012XS 109 - - 6/19 17.5 0.0 CARGILL 630 108 - - 6/16 6.3 0.0 NEW NK KS 786 106 - - 6/21 17.5 0.0 DEKALB X 977 106 - - 6/16 22.5 0. 0 DEKALB X 866 104 - - 6/20 18.8 0.0 BIG CROP ULTIMA 101 - - 6/19 7.5 0.0 BIG CROP OPTIMA 98 - - 6/19 18.8 0.0 DEKALB X 980 94 - - 6/22 28.8 0.0 FFR 331 DR 89 - - 6/19 27.5 0.5 DEKALB DK 64BR * 82 - - 6/15 27.5 0.0 TEST MEAN 105 L.S.D. (.05) 14.0 C.V. (%) 9.5 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -20- TABLE 13. HEADLAND GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRID TRIAL, 1990 1990 BRAND-HYBRID 1990 1989-90 1988-90 MID- BIRD LODGED YIELD 2-YR. AV. 3-YR. AV. BLOOM DAMAGE STALKS BU. BU. BU. MO. /DAY PCT. PCT. DEKALB DK 64 73 77 69 6/6 3.5 0.0 CAPEHART CHALLENGER 77 76 67 6/12 1.0 0.0 AFC 861 66 71 64 6/18 3.5 0.0 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 * 54 62 63 6/6 0.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE 64 69 63 6/6 0.0 0.0 PIONEER 8222 63 72 63 6/6 1.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER WINGS 66 68 62 6/6 1.0 0. 0 DEKALB DK 60 54 69 62 6/6 1.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1225 DR 65 66 61 6/6 2.5 12.5 FFR 321 DR 62 65 61 6/18 5.0 0.0 DELTAPINE RA 787 62 62 60 6/12 3.5 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522 DR 74 63 59 6/6 1.0 0.0 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 61 60 59 6/18 1.0 0.0 DELTAPINE G-522A 69 65 59 6/12 2.5 0.0 CAPEHART CONTENDER 66 64 59 6/1 3.5 0. 0 PIONEER 8333 59 60 57 6/12 5.0 0.0 AGRATECH GKSO2G 56 61 57 6/12 2.0 0.0 DELTAPINE G-1711 64 66 57 6/12 0.0 0.0 AGRATECH GK712G 55 58 57 6/6 7.5 0.0 NEW NK 2660 56 60 56 6/6 3.5 0.0 CARGILL 4462 63 54 54 6/6 2.5 0.0 PENN PENNGRAIN DR 47 52 52 6/18 6.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER 1330 DR 53 48 50 6/6 5.0 0.0 CAPEHART CHAMPION 49 43 47 6/6 1.0 0.0 NEW NK KS 780 63 63 - 6/12 1.0 0.0 PIONEER 8230 67 62 - 6/6 1.0 0.0 AFC 402 55 58 - 6/18 7.5 0.0 DELTAPINE 6012XS 73 - - 6/12 1.0 0.0 HY PERFORMER EXP. 89-3 71 - - 6/6 0.0 0.0 CARGILL 847 70 - - 6/18 0.0 0.0 DEKALB X 866 69 - - 6/6 1.0 0.0 BIG CROP OLE' 68 - - 6/6 0.0 0.0 DEKALB X 977 66 - - 6/6 16.0 0.0 CARGILL X 15277 65 - - 6/6 6.0 0.0 DEKALB X 980 64 - - 6/6 2.5 0.0 CARGILL 630 64 - - 6/18 1.0 0.0 AGRATECH 805GW 63 - - 6/18 7.5 0.0 CAPEHART CREAM 61 - - 6/12 1.0 0.0 PIONEER 8313 61 - - 6/6 8.5 0.0 BIG CROP OPTIMA 60 - - 6/12 2.5 0.0 BIG CROP ULTIMA 56 - - 6/6 3.5 0.0 NEW NK KS 786 55 - - 6/6 1.0 0.0 FFR 331 DR 47 - - 6/18 10.0 0.0 DEKALB DK 64BR * 31 - - 6/12 0.0 0.0 TEST MEAN 62 L.S.D. (.05) 15.1 C.V. (%) 17.6 * BIRD-RESISTANT HYBRID. -21- TAB3LE 14. PLANT HEIGHT OF GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS BY REGION OR LOCATIONs 1990 BRAND-HBRP T 4 Aw 11"JIN I I 1%-[IIN. AFC 402 AFC 861 AGRATECH GK712G AGRATECH GKBO2G AGRATECH 805GW BIG CROP OLE' BIG CROP OPTIMA BIG CROP ULTIMA CAPEHART CHALLENGER CAPEHART CHAMPION CAPEHART CONTENDER CAPEHART CREAM CARGILL X 15277 CARGILL 4462 CARGILL 630 CARGILL 847 DEJALB DK 60 DEKALB DK 64 DEKALB DK 64BR DEKALE X 866 DEKALE X 977 DEKALB X 980 DELTAPINE G-1711 DELTAPINE G-522 DR DELTAPINE G-522A DELTAPINE RA 787 DELTAPINE 6012XS FFR 321 DR FFR 331 DR HY PERFORMER CHEROKEE HY PERFORMER EXP. 89-3 HY PERFORMER WINGS HY PERFORMER 1225 DR HY PERFORMER 1330 DR NEW NK KS 780 NEW NK KS 786 NEW NK SAVANNA 5 NEW NK 2660 PENN PENNORAIN DR PIONEER 8222 PIONEER 8230 PIONEER 8313 PIONEER 8333 SUMMIT HT 126 DR 52 49 44 44 52 43 48 49 48 55 44 51 47 49 45 48 46 51 60 52 52 48 48 44 43 50 49 44 52 42 48 48 46 54 43 50 60 46 43 48 50 42 46 44 PLANT HEIGHT BY R4f5N CENTRAL SOUTHERN I N. I N. 45 42 38 38 43 39 41 40 42 49 41 42 43 42 42 41 41 46 56 46 48 44 43 40 41 43 44 40 47 40 43 41 40 48 40 42 52 41 40 40 42 40 41 38 51 48 45 46 51 48 49 48 50 54 47 51 50 50 48 48 46 51 54 52 52 50 49 46 44 50 49 46 51 45 51 49 49 55 48 49 57 50 46 50 45 47 43 1/ NORTHERN REGION (WINFIELD MARION JUNCTIONs AND SHORTER); AND CROSSVILLE); CENTRAL REGION (PRATTYILLEj SOUTHERN REGION (MONROEVILLE AND HEADLAND). -22- FAIRHOPE I N. 60 58 50 54 60 53 60 54 60 69 52 58 59 59 52 51 57 58 68 60 57 66 61 54 50 57 60 52 66 48 54 57 53 68 55 59 64 53 52 53 56 51 53 56 NORTHFR T TPC r t r r VV ~y Sources of Seed for the 1990 Grain Sorghum Tests Entry designation Source of seed AFC brarnd hybrids.................... labama Farmer's Cooerative P.O. Box 2227 Decatur, AL 35602 AgraTech brarxnd hybrids................... AgraTech Ses, Inc. Rt. 1 Box 76A McCordsville, IN 46055 Capehart brand hybrids............... . ...... Capeiart Seed Service P.O. Box 10 Holland, M 63853 Cargill brand hybrids...........................argill HybridSeeds Box 5645 Minneapolis, MN 55440 Dekalb brand hybrids............................DekalbPlantGenetics 3100 Sycamore Road Dekalb, IL 60115 FFR brand hybrids........ ...................AlabamaFaner's Cooperative P.O. Box 2227 Decatur, AL 35602 Hy Performer brand hybrids. .................... .Helena Chemical Campany 5100 Poplar Avenue Memphis, TN 38137 New Northrup King brand hybrids...............The New Northrup King Company Rt. 3 Box 265 LaGrange, NC 28551 Pennington brand hybrids.......... ....Pennington Enterprises, Inc. P.O. Box 290 Madison, GA 30650 Pioneer brand hybrids...........................Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. 1000 West Jefferson Street Tipton, IN 46072 Sunimit brard hybrids.. .. ........... .. .. .. .. . .Big Crop Seed, Inc. P.O. Box 5866 Inbbock, TIX 79417 Big Crcop brarnd hybrids................ .. .. . .... Big Crop Seed, Inc. P.O. Box 5866 Iubbock, TIX 79417 -23- ACtEPTCABLE HYMIES FOR 1991 All acceptable hybrids have been tested for 3 consecutive years in the region listed.. All of the acceptable hybrids are not equal in performance. It is suggested that this report be carefully studied before choosing a hybrid. The hybrids are listed in dsexing order of 3-year-average yield for each region. NORIIBRN AIAAR Brand name CENTRAL AIAAM UMrid Brand name Capehart New Northrup King AFC New Northrup King Deltapine Pioneer summit FFR AgraTech capehart Hy Performer Deltapine Deltapine Deltapie Hy Performer cliallenger Savanna 5* 861 2660 G-522A 8222 HT 126 DR 321 DR GK 802G Conterder 1225 IER RA 787 G-522 DR G-1711 Wings New Northnup King Deltapine Deltapine Hy Performer summit New Northup King Hy Perfonrme capehart Capehart AFC Savanna 5* G-522A PA 787 1225 DR HT 12 6 DR 321 ER 2660 ** 1330 DR * Con***** aiallenger** 861 *** *Bird-resistant hybrid. **If the present trend of these varieties continues, they will be dopd ***PRecomded on basis of exceptional 2-year average at Black Belt Substation. -24- Hybrid ACCEPTABL-E HYBRIDS FOR 1991 All acceptable hybrids have beentested listed. All of the acceptable hybrids suggested that this report be carefuly hybrids are listed in descending order of for 3 consecutive years in the region are not equal in performnce. It is studied before chioosing a hybrid. The 3-year-average yield for each region. SOUIERN AIABA14 Brarn dame Deltapine Pioneer FFR Deltapine Hy Ixfonlr Hy Performer Capehart Deiaflb AFC Deltapine New Northrup King Capehart sumrmit New Northrup King Pioneer Deltapine Agra~ech Cargill G-522DR~ 8222 321 DR RA 787 C1-erokee Wings Challenger DK 64 861 G-1711 2660 Conterder H~T 126 DR Savanna 5* 9333 ** G-522A * GM 802G * 4462 ** Penigrain DR * *Bird-resistant hybrid. **If the present trend of these varieties continues,, they will bedr~ed -25- Hybrid