Agronomy and Soils Departmental Series No. 93 <'~ ~ k 4 ~ - - .. Soil Survey of the Tennessee Valley Substation Belle Mina, Alabama Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Auburn University Gale A. Buchanan, Director Auburn University, Alabama and Soil Conservation Service United States Department of Agriculture Auburn, Alabama December 1984 CONTENTS Page CHENNEBY SILT LOAM .......................................................... 3 M ap Sym bol-C hA ..................................................................... 3 DECATUR SILT LOAM AND SILTY CLAY LOAM .............. 4 M ap Sym bol-D eA ...................................................................... 4 M ap Sym bol-D eB ..................................................................... 5 Map Symbol-DeC......................................6 DEWEY SILT LOAM AND SILTY CLAY LOAM .................. 6 M ap Sym bol-D wA ................................................................... 6 M ap Sym bol-DwB ................................................................... 6 EMORY SILT LOAM ............................................................... 7 M ap Sym bol-Em A ....................................................................... 7 ENNIS-PRUITTON COMPLEX ................................................ 7 M ap Sym bol-EpA ..................................................................... 7 FULLERTON CHERTY SILTY CLAY LOAM ...................... 8 M ap Sym bol-FuC ..................................................................... 8 GUTHRIE SILT LOAM ........................................................... 9 M ap Sym bol-G uA ..................................................................... 9 REXOR SILT LOAM ............................................................... 9 M ap Sym bol-R eA ...................................................................... 9 FIRST PRINTING 2M, DECEMBER 1984 Information contained herein is available to all persons without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin. Soil Survey of the Tennessee Valley Substation Belle Mina, Alabama 1 C.F. MONTGOMERY, G.W. HURT, AND B.F. HAJEK 2 THIS SOIL SURVEY includes a soil map, map legend, and a descriptive legend which briefly describes soils in each area delineated on the map. These delineations are called map units and are indicated by a map symbol. Three tables were used to summarize soil data. Table 1 gives the mapping unit name used to indicate the soil in each per- manent tier, table 2 gives the classification of soil series used to name mapping units, and table 3 gives some phys- ical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of soils from Decatur and Rexor map units. Mapping units for the Tennessee Valley Substation are as follows: Map symbol Map unit name ChA ............ Chenneby silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded DeA ............ Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes DeB ............ Decatur silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded DeC ............ Decatur silty clay loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes, eroded DwA ........... Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes DwB ............ Dewey silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded EmA ........... Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded EpA ............ Ennis-Pruitton complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded FuC ............ Fullerton cherty silty clay loam, 2 to 8 per- cent slopes, eroded GuA ............ Guthrie silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ReA ............ Rexor silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, oc- casionally flooded CHENNEBY SILT LOAM Map Symbol-ChA Chenneby silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded. This somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained soil is represented by the following soil profile in a cultivated field on a 1 percent slope. 'This was a cooperative effort of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-Soil Conservation Service. 2Soil Scientist and Assistant State Soil Scientist, USDA-Soil Conservation Service, Alabama, and Professor of Agronomy and Soils, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Profile Description Ap-0 to 11 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt loam; weak medium granular and weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Bw & A-1I1 to 21 inches; 70 percent dark by volume of yellowish brown (10OYR 4/6) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; 30 percent by volume of mottled dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3); and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak medium granular struc- ture; common fine and medium roots; medium acid; friable; clear smooth boundary. Bwl-21 to 31 inches; mottled brown (10YR 5/3); light grayish brown (10YR 6/2); and brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 3 percent by volume of Mn concretions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bw2-31 to 50 inches; mottled brown (10YR 5/3); light grayish brown (O10YR 6/2); and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 5 percent by volume of Mn con- cretions; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Bg-50 to 62 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) silty clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6); and common coarse distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) mot- tles; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; very strongly acid. Type Location 1,000 feet north and 1,780 feet east of the southwest corner of Section 18, T.4 S., R.3 W. Range in Characteristics Solum thickness ranges from 50 to 70 inches. Depth to rock is more than 5 feet. The A horizon is 8 to 15 inches thick. It has hue of 5YR or 7YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to medium acid. The Bw and A horizon is 4 to 16 inches thick. The Bw portion is 50 to 80 percent by volume and has hue of 7.5YR or O10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The A portion is 20 to 50 percent by volume and has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to very strongly acid. The Bw horizon is 15 to 40 inches thick. It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6; or it is mottled in varying shades of brown, yellow, gray, and red. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from medium acid to very strongly acid. The Bg horizon extends to a depth of 50 to 70 inches. It has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to very strongly acid. The Cg horizon, where present, consists of stratified layers of sand and gravel. Important Soil Properties Flooding frequency: Occasional during winter and in early spring. Rooting depth: More than 6 feet. Permeability: Moderately permeable. Water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet during winter and in early spring. Organic matter content: Moderately low. Shrink-swell potential: Low. Available water capacity: Medium. Land capability subclass: 2w. Woodland ordination symbol: 1w. DECATUR SILT LOAM AND SILTY CLAY LOAM Map Symbol-DeA DeA-Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes. This well drained soil is represented by the following soil profile in a cultivated cotton field on a 1 percent slope. Profile Description Ap-0 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; friable; 1 percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 6 millimeters in size; common fine and medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Btl-10 to 21 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 2 percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 6 mil- limeters in size; common fine and medium roots; thin patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bt2-21 to 72 inches; dusky red (O10R 3/4) clay; mod- erate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 1 per- cent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 1 centimeter in size; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; strongly acid. Type Location 200 feet south and 1,320 feet west of the northeast corner of Section 19, T.4 S., R.3 W. Range in Characteristics Solum thickness is more than 72 inches. Depth to bed- rock is more than 6 feet. Percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 1 centimeter in diameter ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The A horizon is 8 to 14 inches thick. It has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to medium acid. The Bt horizon extends to a depth of 72 inches or more. It has hue of O10R or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction ranges from medium acid to very strongly acid. Important Soil Properties Flooding frequency: None. Rooting depth: More than 6 feet. Permeability: Moderately permeable. Water table: None. Organic matter content: Moderately low. Shrink-swell potential: Moderate. Available water capacity: Medium. Land capability subclass: 1. Woodland ordination symbol: 3o. TABLE 1. SOILS IDENTIFIED IN RESEARCH TIERS ON THE TENNESSEE VALLEY SUBSTATION Tier Map symbol Map unit name 1 DeA 2 DeA 3 DeA 4 DeA and EmA 5 DeA 6 DeA and EmA 7 DeA 8 DeA and EmA 9 DeA 10 DeA 11 DeA 12 DeA 13 DeA 14 DeA 15 DeA 16 DeA and DeB 17 DeA 18 DeA 19 DeA 20 DeA 21 DeA 22 DeA 23 DeA 24 DeA 25 DeA and EmA 26 DeA 27 EmA and DwA 28 DwA 29 EmA 30 DwA 31 EmA and DwA 32 DwA and ChA 33 DeA 35 DeA 36 ChA and DeA Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 ercent slopes except for NW corner which is Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded Decatur silt loam 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam I to 2 percent slopes except for W edge which is Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes except for SW corner which is Emory silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes, ponded Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes except for E 1/3 which is Decatur silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes except NE corner which is Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 ercent slopes, ponded ecatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded except for SW 1/3 which is Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Emory silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded except for NW corner which is Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes except for NW corner which is Chenneb silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes Chenneby silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded except for SE corner which is Decatur silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes I IP K ~1 Map Symbol-DeB DeB-Decatur silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded. This well drained soil is represented by the fol- lowing soil profile in a cultivated cotton field on a 3 percent slope. Profile Description Ap-0 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silty clay loam; weak medium granular and weak medium sub- angular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; 1 percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 6 millimeters in size; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Btl-8 to 19 inches; dusky red (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 1 percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 1 centimeter in diameter; thin patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt2-19 to 72 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; mod- erate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 1 percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 6 millimeters in size; thin discontinuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid. Type Location 2,540 feet south and 180 feet east of the northwest corner of Section 18, T.4 S., R.3 W. Range in Characteristics Solum thickness is more than 72 inches. Depth to bed- rock is more than 6 feet. Percent by volume of ironstone nodules less than 1 centimeter in diameter ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The A horizon is 6 to 10 inches thick. It has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to medium acid. TABLE 2. CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL SERIES CORRELATED ON THE TENNESSEE VALLEY SUBSTATION Series syMapol Family' Subgroup Great group Order symbol Chenneby ChA fine-silty, mixed Fluventic Dystrochrepts Inceptisols Dystrochrepts Decatur DeA,B,C clayey, kaolinitic Rhodic Paleudults Ultisols Paleudults Dewey DwA,B clayey, kaolinitic Typic Paleudults Ultisols Paleudults Emory EmA fine-silty, siliceous Fluventic Umbric Dystrochrepts Inceptisols Dystrochrepts Ennis EpA fine-loamy, siliceous Fluventic Dystrochrepts Inceptisols Dystrochrepts Fullerton FuC clayey, kaolinitic Typic Paleudults Ultisols Pal eudults Guthrie GuA fine-silty, siliceous Typic Fragiaquults Ultisols Fragiaquults Pruitton EpA fine-loamy, siliceous Fluventic Dystrochrepts Inceptisols Dystrochrepts Rexor ReA fine-silty, siliceous Ultic Hapludalfs Ultisols Hapludalfs 'All in thermic temperature regime. TABLE 3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DECATUR AND REXOR SOILS ON THE TENNESSEE VALLEY SUBSTATION Particle size distribution Chemical properties Sample No. Horizon Depth in. Sand Silt Clay PH H* Ca Mg K CEC Base S pct. pct. pct. meq/100g meq/100g meq/100g meq/100g meq/100g pct. DECATUR SILT LOAM 1 AP 0-10 15.50 57.62 26.88 6.20 3.60 8.80 0.87 0.53 13.80 74.00 2 BT1 10-21 9.90 46.74 43.36 5.10 6.56 4.02 .88 .09 11.55 43.30 3 BT2 21-72 8.80 34.40 56.80 4.80 6.16 1.32 1.27 .08 8.83 30.30 4 72 9.80 25.20 65.00 4.50 8.72 0.50 .75 .07 10.04 13.20 REXOR SILT LOAM 1 AP 0-7 12.50 67.62 19.88 5.80 4.16 7.48 1.05 .45 13.14 68.40 2 BT1 7-15 5.40 62.68 31.92 6.20 4.24 5.15 1.18 .24 10.81 60.00 3 BT2 15-33 9.40 57.04 33.56 6.10 3.68 4.58 2.25 .54 11.05 66.70 4 BC 33-42 76.50 9.18 14.32 6.10 2.80 1.38 .60 .70 5.48 49.00 5 C 42-62 74.10 8.50 17.40 5.60 3.12 1.80 .51 .11 5.54 43.70 *Total acidity The Bt horizon extends to a depth of 72 inches or more. It has hue of 10YR or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction ranges from medium acid to very strongly acid. Important Soil Properties Flooding frequency: None. Rooting depth: More than 6 feet. Permeability: Moderately permeable. Water table: None. Organic matter content: Low. Shrink-swell potential: Moderate. Available water content: Medium. Land capability subclass: 3e. Woodland ordination symbol: 30. Map Symbol-DeC DeC-Decatur silty clay loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes, eroded. This well drained soil is represented by the fol- lowing soil profile in a fescue and clover pasture on a 7 percent slope. Profile Description Ap-0 to 3 inches; dark reddish brown (5 YR 3/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium granular and subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Btl-3 to 9 inches; dark red (O10R 3/6) silty clay; mod- erate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thin continuous distinct clay films on faces of most peds; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; me- dium acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt2-9 to 72 inches; dusky red (10YR 3/4) clay; mod- erate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thin continuous distinct clay films on faces of most peds; common fine roots; very strongly acid. Type Location 50 feet south and 700 feet west of the northeast corner of Section 19, T.4 S., R.3 W. Range in Characteristics Solum thickness is more than 72 inches. Depth to rock is more than 6 feet. The A horizon is 2 to 6 inches thick. It has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to medium acid. The Bt horizon extends to a depth of 72 inches or more. It has hue of 10YR or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silty clay or clay. Reaction ranges from medium acid to very strongly acid. Important Soil Properties Flooding frequency: None. Rooting depth: More than 6 feet. Permeability: Moderately permeable. Drainage: Well drained. Water table: None. Organic matter content: Moderately low. Shrink-swell potential: Moderate. Available water capacity: Medium. Land capability subclass: 4e. Woodland ordination symbol: 3o. DEWEY SILT LOAM AND SILTY CLAY LOAM Map Symbol-DwA DwA-Dewey silt loam, 1 to 2 percent slopes. This well drained soil is represented by the following soil profile in an alfalfa field on a 1 percent slope. Profile Description Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Btl-7 to 15 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; fria- ble; common fine and medium roots; thin patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; medium acid; clear wavy boundary. Bt2-15 to 65 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; thin discontinuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid. Type Location 1,900 feet south and 100 feet east of the northwest corner of Section 17, T.4 S., R.3 W. Range in Characteristics Solum thickness is more than 60 inches. Depth to bed- rock is more than 6 feet. The A horizon is 6 to 12 inches thick. It has hue of 5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to medium acid. The upper part of the Bt horizon is 4 to 17 inches thick. It has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silty clay loam or silty clay. Reaction ranges from medium acid to strongly acid. The lower part of the Bt horizon extends to a depth of 60 inches or more. It has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 6, and chroma of 6 or 8. Texture is clay. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to very strongly acid. Important Soil Properties Flooding frequency: None. Rooting depth: More than 6 feet. Permeability: Moderately permeable. Water table: None. Organic matter content: Low. Shrink-swell potential: Moderate. Available water capacity: Medium. Land capability subclass: 1. Woodland ordination symbol: 3o. Map Symbol-DwB DwB-Dewey silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded. This well drained soil is represented by the fol- lowing soil profile in a sudan-fescue pasture on a 3 percent slope. Profile Description Ap-0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium granular and subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; k SOIL LEGEND Map Sym bo ChA DeA DeB DeC DwA DwB EmA EpA FuC GuA ReA Map Uni Name Chenneby s iA oam, 0 to 2 percent s opes, occasional y flooded Decatur silt oam 1 to 2 percent s opes Decatur si ty clay oar 2 to 6 percent slopes eroded Decatur silty clay loam, 6 to 10 percent s opes eroded Dewey sil loam t to 2 yercent slopes Dewey silty clay oam 2 to 6 percent slopes, eroded Emory slt loam 0 to 2 percent s opes ponded Enns Pru tton comp ex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequenot floodeo Fullerton che, silty clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, eroded Guthrie silt loam 0 to 2 percent sloes frequently floooed Rexor sit loam, 0 to 2 percents opes, occasionallp flooded . DeB- I k I ' A ,' e ' floE jj teB / A I > ( PeA f, f / I / / 1/ / I II A I '5, I K I I ' i I, V \~ ~ LAP t / . TENNESSEE VALLEY SUBSTATION LIMESTONE COUNTY ALABAMA 0 1/4 112 miles I I I 0 12 24 km Scale 1:7,920 / / / A *aa, K 7 ( '