1FAILL
11995
COMMERCIAL
\EGETABLE VARIETY
TRIALS
AiIL 1996
PROGRESS REPORT No. 129
ALABA~MA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
LOWEL L T. FROBISi-, DIRECTOR
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Contents
A uthors ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction: Some Tips to Get the Most 
Out
of Vegetable Variety Trial Results ........................................................................... 
2
Fall 1995 Weather Conditions ......................................................................................... 4
Fall Weather Interferes with Broccoli Evaluation ...................................................... 
6
Head and Chinese Cabbage Included in Variety Trial ........................................ ..... 8
Non-Heading, Leaf Lettuce Varieties Show Good
Potential for A labam a ............................................. ...................................................... 10
Yes! Pumpkins Can be Grown in Alabama ........................................ ............................. 13
Results of 1996 Southernpea Cooperator's Trial ....................................... ........ 16
Two New Sweetpotato Varieties for 1996 .......................................... .............. 17
Sponsors and Suppliers .......................................................................................................... 19
FIRST PRINTING 3M, APRIL 1996
Information contained herein is available to all without regard to race, color, sex, or national origin.
Authors
Eric Simonne
Postdoctoral Fellow
Department of Horticulture
(334) 844-4862
Karl Harker
Agricultural Meteorologist
SE Agricultural Weather Service
(334) 844-4514
Ellen Bauske
Extension Associate
Department of Horticulture
(334) 844-4862
Jim Bannon
Director
E.V. Smith Research Center
(334) 727-7403
Brian Gamble
Assistant Superintendent
Wiregrass Substation
(334) 693-2363
Joe Kemble
Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture
(334) 844-4862
Larry Wells
Interim Superintendent
Wiregrass Substation
(334) 693-2363
Jimmy Witt
Superintendent
E.V. Smith Research Center
Horticulture Unit
(334) 727-7403
Arnold Caylor
Interim Superintendent
North Alabama Horticulture Substation
(205) 734-5820
Marvin Ruf
Interim Superintendent
Sand Mountain Substation
(205) 528-7133
Bobby Boozer
Area Horticulturist
Chilton Area Horticulture Substation
(205) 646-3610
Gene Hunter
Senior Research Associate
Department of Horticulture
(334) 844-4862
Oyette Chambliss
Professor Emeritus
Department of Horticulture
Marlin Hollingsworth
Superintendent (retired)
North Alabama Horticulture Substation
2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Introduction:
Some Tips to Get the Most Out
of Vegetable Variety Trial Results
ERIC SIMONNE
In order to select top-performing varieties, a pro-
ducer must consider crop type, produce character-
istics, yield potential, and reaction to insects and dis-
eases. Therefore, glancing rapidly at the yield results
may not give all the information about the good vari-
eties. Here are few tips to get the most out of veg-
etable variety trials results.
Open pollinated vs. hybrid varieties-- In general,
hybrids (also referred to as Fl) are earlier and pro-
duce a more uniform crop or more uniform plants.
They have improved disease, pest, or virus tolerance/
resistance. Fl plants are often more expensive than
open-pollinated varieties (OP), and seeds cannot be
kept from one crop to the next. Despite the advan-
tages hybrids offer, OP plants are still often planted.
Selecting a hybrid variety is the first step toward ear-
liness and quality.
Types within a crop -- For each commodity, a
standard type has been adopted by the industry. The
bulk of commercial production aims at supplying the
standard type, but other types should not be ignored.
Examples of unusual types include yellow-peduncled
summer squash; purple-calixed eggplant; white-
fleshed sweetpotato; yellow-fleshed watermelon; yel-
low, orange, and other colored bell peppers; or small
melons, such as honey dew, canary, Spanish or French
charentais. Unusual types have been included in AU
variety trials in an attempt to reflect the evolution of
available types. At the same time, these uncommon
types may represent alternate marketing opportunities.
Commercial variety and advanced breeding lines --
Variety trials aim at comparing varieties that are com-
mercially available. Because of year-to-year variabil-
ity, the evaluation has to be conducted over several
growing seasons. However, it is unpractical to wait
for several years after release to know whether or not
a variety is well adapted to Alabama growing condi-
tions. Because the development and release of a new
variety takes several years, it is-possible to evaluate a
genotype as an advanced breeding line, before it be-
comes commercially available. Advanced breeding
lines usually have names that are combinations of let-
ters and numbers. The advantage of evaluating an ad-
vanced breeding line is to be able to have two to three
years of evaluation before it actually reaches the mar-
ket. The life of commercial varieties is sometimes lim-
ited to a few years. Evaluating a genotype as an ad-
vanced breeding line is definitely an advantage.
Selection of entries -- Literally hundreds of vari-
eties are available for most vegetable crops. Variety
trials only include those varieties which are believed
to have good potential for the area. Thus, the biggest
selection process takes place before planting. There-
fore, it is not a good approach to look at the first-ranked
variety and consider it the best, and look at the bot-
tom one and consider it the worst.
Earliness-- Having produce to sell early in the
season is often synonymous with higher prices. Usu-
ally, earliness is part of standard variety information
available in seed catalogues. This makes the compari-
son among varieties from the same seed source easy.
However, because no standard measurement of earli-
ness exists, it is often difficult to compare varieties
from different sources. Sometimes, this information
is not provided for fear of legal responsibility.
Two scales are commonly used for describing ear-
liness. In the first one, "average" or "estimated" days
after planting are provided. This scale is apparently
accurate since, in theory, a one-day difference in ear-
liness between two varieties can be identified. How-
ever, days to maturity depend on planting date and
weather conditions. Comparing varieties from differ-
ent seed sources may not be accurate. To avoid this
shortfall, several seed suppliers use qualifiers to de-
scribe earliness. Instead of numbers, the scale consists
of extra-early, early, mid-season, and main season.
Other terms may even be used. This scale is more flex-
ible because it is not as accurate, but the comparison
between seed sources is still approximate. In addition,
the relative earliness of plants grown from transplants
also depends on cell size and transplant age.
Earliness as reported in seed catalogues is included
in AU vegetable variety trial reports for information.
For the reasons discussed above, this may be of lim-
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT3
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS USED TO EVALUATE FALL 1995 VARIETY TRIALS
Rating Weather Fertilizer Irrigation Pests Overall
5 .................. Very Good Very Good Very Good None 
Excellent
4 .................. Favorable Good Good Light Good
3 .................. Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Tolerable Acceptable
2 .................. Adverse Low Low Adverse Questionable
1 ....................................... Destructive Very Low Insufficient Destructive Useless
ited practical use. Another way to evaluate the rela-
tive earliness for vegetable production in Alabama is
to compare early yields provided in the AU variety
trial reports. For once-over harvest crops, actual ear-
liness can also be determined from planting dates and
days to first harvest.
Yield potential -- Yields reported in variety trial
results are extrapolated from small plots. Depending
on the vegetable crop, plots used range between 100
to 500 square feet in area. Yields per acre are esti-
mated by multiplying plot yields by corrective factors
ranging from 100 to 1,000. Small errors are therefore
amplified, and estimated yields per acre may not be
realistic. However, the relative differences in perfor-
mance among varieties are realistic and can be used
to identify best-performing varieties.
Testing condition -- AU vegetable variety trials
are conducted under standard, recommended commer-
cial production practices. If the cropping system to be
used is different from that used in the trials, the re-
suits of the trials may not apply.Information on plant-
ing dates, fertilizer rates and detailed spray schedule
is provided to help producers compare their own prac-
tices to the standard ones used in the trials, and make
the relevant adjustments. Detailed information on
weather conditions and disease situation is therefore
provided to help account for differences among loca-
tions and growing seasons.
At each location, variety trial conditions were
rated on a 1-5 scale, based on weather conditions, fer-
tilizer, irrigation, pest pressure, and overall condition
(see table). Results from trials with ratings of 2 and
under are not reported. These numbers may be used to
interpret differences in.performance from location to
location. The overall rating may be used to give more
importance to the results of variety performance un-
der good growing conditions.
The numbers behind the numbers -- Just review-
ing the yield data and other information included in
this report may not give producers a complete picture
of the best-performing varieties. Without some statis-
tical analysis, it can be difficult to distinguish true dif-
ferences in varieties from apparent differences that are
caused by the use of small plots (sampling error).
Therefore, this report includes the statistical informa-
tion to help pinpoint the real differences between en-
tries. These data include the least significant differ-
ence, coefficient of determination, and coefficient of
variation. These three statistical parameters help evalu-
ate the potential errors due to the use of small plots. If
it were possible to plant larger plots of each variety,
these parameters would be of less importance.
Statistically, there must be a minimum yield dif-
ference between two varieties before one can conclude
that one variety actually performs better than another.
This is known as the least significant difference (lsd).
When the difference in yield is less than the lsd value,
one cannot conclude that there is any real difference
between two varieties. For example, in a 1995 broc-
coli trial, Packman yielded 5,313 pounds per acre,
while Signal and Landmark yielded 4,878 and 2,874
pounds per acre, respectively. Since there was less than
1,803 difference between Packman and Signal, there
is no statistical difference between the varieties. How-
ever, the difference between Packman and Signal was
2,439, indicating that there is a real difference between
these two varieties. From a practical point of view,
producers should place the most importance on lsd val-
ues when interpreting results.
The coefficient of determination (R
2
) and coeffi-
cient of variability (CV) are measures of variability in
research conditions. R
2 
ranges between 0-1; values
close to 1 suggest that the test was conducted under
good conditions, and most of the variability observed
was mainly due to the effect of replication and true
differences in variety. Random, uncontrolled errors
were less important when high R
2 
values are obtained.
CV is an expression of yield variability relative to yield
mean The lower the CV, the closer the mean is to re-
flecting a true picture of a crop's yield. CV values
under 20% are desirable but are not always achieved.
In conclusion, several factors other than yield have
to be considered when choosing a vegetable variety.
The main factors are type, resistance and tolerance to
diseases, earliness and of course, availability and cost
of seeds. Ultimately, it is always better to try two to
three varieties on a small scale before making a large
planting of a single variety.
4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Fall 1995 Weather Conditions
KARL HARKER AND ELLEN BAUSKE
Hurricane Opal highlighted the fall
1995 growing season. As Opal made its
northeastward path through Alabama in
early October, it produced widespread crop
and property damage. Maximum wind gusts
of 50-60 mph were common as far north as
Auburn. Heavy rains just prior to Opal satu-
rated the top soil, making Opal's passage
even more devastating. The Alabama
Mesonet of automated weather stations cap-
tured the severity of the storm as it moved
through the state by recording peak wind
speeds and total rainfall.
Excluding Opal, the remainder of the
fall growing season was not extraordinary.
August continued the summer string of
hotter-than-normal months, with a sharp
turn to colder than normal conditions in November
(see figures).
August temperatures averaged 20 higher than nor-
mal at the Wiregrass Substation. There were eight days
when maximum temperatures reached 950, with an
extreme of 1010 on Aug. 15. August rainfall was close
to normal. Only 1.7 inches of rain fell in September,
which was less than half of the normal total. Septem-
ber temperatures were normal. About six inches of rain
fell in early October with very little rain occurring the
remainder of the month. Temperatures in October av-
eraged 20 above normal. It became much colder in
November with monthly temperatures averaging al-
most 40 below normal. The first freeze of the fall oc-
curred on Nov. 12.
An intense heat prevailed at the E.V. Smith Re-
search Center during mid-August, with maximum tem-
peratures of 1000 or above each day from Aug. 14-19.
A maximum of 1040 was recorded on Aug. 16. Rain
amounts in August totaled only 2.5 inches, which was
1.5 inches less than normal. September rainfall and
temperatures were close to normal. Flooding rains
came in early October; more than 12 inches fell in a
two-day period ending with the passage of Opal. The
remainder of October was relatively dry with tempera-
tures averaging 20 above normal. November turned
much colder with average temperatures for the month
40 below normal. The first fall freeze occurred on Nov.
9, which was about on target for the average date.
It was a hot August at the North Alabama Horti-
culture Substation with temperatures averaging 40
above normal. There were 11 days with maximum tem-
peratures of 950 or above. August rain totals were near
normal. Normal rains continued in September with
temperatures averaging slightly cooler than normal.
October had more than twice the normal amount of
rain. However, three-quarters of the total rain occurred
during the first week of the month. October
temperaturesdeviated very little from normal. Novem-
ber turned cold with temperatures averaging 60 below
normal. However, the first fall freeze was about 10
days later than normal, occurring on Nov. 4.
August was hotter and wetter than normal at the
Sand Mountain Substation. Temperatures averaged 40
above normal with rainfall totaling twice the normal
amount. September was normal for temperature and
rainfall. Precipitation was almost twice the normal
amount in October as a result of Opal. October tem-
peratures were close to normal. November turned
sharply colder with temperatures for the month aver-
aging 60 below normal. First freeze occurred on Nov.
4, which was about a week later than normal.
FALL VARIETY TRIALS PLANTED AND LOST
DUE TO ADVERSEENVIRONMENTAL 
CONDITIONS
1
Location
2  
Broccoli Cabbage
- 
Lettuce Pumpkin Southern Summer Sweet
pea squash potato
BEF ........ D D NP NP NP D NP
WS ........ R NP R R NP NP NP
EVSRC ........... R R R R R NP R
PS ......... D D NP NP NP NP NP
CAHS ............. D D NP R NP D R
UCPS..............D NP D NP NP NP NP
NAHS ............ NP R R R NP NP R
SMS ....... D NP R R NP NP NP
ID = destroyed trials or insufficient data; R = trials reported; NP = not planted at
this location.
2
BEF = Brewton Experiment Field; WS = Wiregrass Substation; EVSRC = E.V.
Smith Research Center; PS = Piedmont Substation; CAHS = Chilton Area Horticul-
ture Substation; UCPS = Upper Coastal Plain Substation; NAHS = North Alabama
Horticulture Substation; and SMS = Sand Mountain Substation.
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 5
E. V. Smith Research Center
Sand Mountain Substation
14,
Aug. Sept. Oct.
Growing Season
Nov.
14
12
10
8
0
4J-
45
-0L)
u.
North Alabama Horticulture Substation
14. 8
l~Actual precipitation
12 Normal precipitation 8
*Actual temperature
0Normal temperature 7
757
10
07 
6
4
65 6
5
2.EFB1
Wiregrass Substation
85
80
75
70
65
6 0
55
50
45
40
70;
65
60 ~
55
89~0
Growing Season
Total monthly precipitation, average temperatures, and normal precipitation and temperatures (based on 30-year
averages) for the EXV. Smith Research Center, North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Sand Mountain Substation,
and Wiregrass Substation.
7o0'
3
01-0
35 2
0
12
10
c8
.9-2
CL
41
35
.. . .. .
.........i~
.. . .. .
..........
G rowKni
.. ...... ..
I
I
6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Fall Weather Interferes
with Broccoli Evaluation
ERIC SIMONNE, JIM BANNON, BRIAN GAMBLE, JOE KEMBLE, LARRY WELLS, AND JIMMY WITT
Broccoli variety trials were conducted using plas-
tic mulch and drip irrigation at the Wiregrass Substa-
tion (WS) in Headland and Horticulture Unit of the
E.V. Smith Research Center (EVSRC) in Shorter
(Tables 1 and 2). Most fall broccoli in Alabama is
grown on bare ground or new plastic mulch (as a first
crop), but the potential exists for broccoli production
following a spring crop on the same plastic. This prac-
tice is referred to as double-cropping.
Fertilization was done according to the recommen-
dations of the Auburn University Soil Testing Labo-
ratory. Names of chemicals are mentioned only for
describing the production practices used. This repre-
sents neither a recommendation nor an endorsement
of these products. Current recommendations for pest
and weed control in vegetable production in Alabama
may be found in IPM Commercial Vegetables: Insect,
Disease, Nematode and Weed Control Recommenda-
TABLE 2. SEED SOURCE, EARLINESS AND DISEASE
CLAIMS OF SELECTED BROCCOLI VARIETIES
Variety Seed source 
Earliness' Disease claims
2
days
Arcadia................... Sakata 95 DM
Barbados ................ Ferry-Morse 62 None
Claudia ................... Ferry-Morse 70 DM
Eureka .................... Stokes 87 BR, DM
Greenbelt ............... Sandoz Rogers 75 None
Green Comet ......... Takii 75 None
Landmark ............... Takii 66 None
Mariner .................. Petoseed 77 BLS, DM
Olympus................. Takii NA NA
Packman ................. Petoseed 78 None
Paragon .................. Stokes 75 None
Pinnacle ................. Takii 68 DM
Premium Crop ....... Takii 82 DM
PS 10990 ................ Petoseed NA NA
Regal ...................... Ferry-Morse 80 None
Ritol........................ Nunhems NA NA
Signal ..................... Sandoz Rogers 57 None
Title IST................. Takii NA NA
'This information was obtained from seed catalogues. In some
cases, this information was not available (NA).
2
DM = Downy Mildew; BR = Black Rot; BLS = Bacterial Leaf
Spot; NA = not available; None = no disease claims.
TABLE 1. RATINGS OF 1995 BROCCOLI VARIETY TRIALS'
WS EVSRC
W eather.............................. 4 3
Fertility ............................. 5 5
Irrigation .................. ........ 5 4
Pests ................................ ......... 5 5
Overall .................. ........... 5 4
'See Introduction for a description of rating scales.
tions (Publication 95IPM-2 from the Alabama Coop-
erative Extension Service).
At both locations, six-week-old broccoli plants
were transplanted in staggered, double rows 12 inches
apart at an in-row spacing of 12 inches. Rows were
five feet apart. Plots were 10 feet long and contained
20 plants, which created a stand of approximately
21,800 plants per acre. Transplanting date was Sept. 8
at both locations.
At WS, broccoli was grown as a first crop on white
plastic. One ton of dolomitic limestone and 1,000
pounds of 13-13-13 were preplant broadcast applied
on Aug. 10. Injections of 10 pounds of N as calcium
nitrate were made on Sept. 15, Sept. 25, Oct. 10, Oct.
25, Nov. 7; and as potassium nitrate on Oct. 2, Oct.
17, and Nov. 15. The fungicides Bravo 720 (at a rate
of 1.5 pints per acre) and Asana XL (nine ounces per
acre) were sprayed on Nov. 29, Oct. 6, and Oct. 11.
Dimilin 4L was applied on Nov. 6 at a rate of four
ounces per acre.
Broccoli was grown as a double crop at EVSRC.
Watermelon vines were sprayed with Gramoxone
(three pints per acre) and mowed to remove crop resi-
dues. New holes were punched for broccoli establish-
ment. Fertilization consisted of a preplant injection of
35 pounds of N and 112 pounds of K20 as potassium
nitrate (13-0-44) per acre on Aug. 30. After transplant-
ing, weekly injection of six pounds of N per acre were
made, from a liquid calcium nitrate solution (9-0-0-
11) on Sept. 6, Sept. 20, Oct. 4, Oct. 18, Oct. 25, Nov.
8, Nov. 22, and Dec. 6; and from a 20-20-20 
fertilizer
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 7
on Sept. 13, Sept. 27, Oct. 11, Nov. 1, Nov. 15, Nov. and Nov. 16, Nov. 22, Nov. 27, Dec. 1, Dec. 8 at
29, and Dec. 13. Insect control consisted of applica- EVSRC. Marketable weight (in numbers of 23-pound
tions of LannateLV (three pints per acre) on Sept. 15, cartons) and corresponding number of heads were re-
22 and 29; and Larvin 3.2EC (two pints per acre) on corded (Table 3). To account for the possible loss of
Oct. 19. plants with double cropping, corrected yields were cal-
Broccoli heads were harvested and graded when culated by adjusting for stand. These estimates may
they reached six inches in diameter. Harvest dates were be useful to compare variety performance across lo-
Nov. 1, Nov. 8, Nov. 20, Nov. 27, and Dec. 5 at WS; cations and cropping systems.
TABLE 3. ACTUAL AND CORRECTED NUMBER OF 23-POUND CARTONS,
MARKETABLE YIELD AND NUMBER OF HEADS OF BROCCOLI'
Variety Actual Actual Actual Actual pct. Actual Actual Corrected
marketable marketable marketable marketable cull percent marketable
23-lb. cart yield heads weight yield stand 23-lb. cart
no./a. lb./a. no./a. pct. lb./a. pct. no./a.
Wiregrass Substation
Packman .............. 231 5,313 20,469 100 0 83 301
Signal .................. 212 4,878 24,170 100 0 70 
305
Premium Crop ....... 172 3,949 18,291 100 0 71 
239
PS 10990 ............. 154 3,542 14,226 100 0 75 208
Landmark .............. 125 2,874 10,017 100 0 58 185
Mariner .................. 106 2,439 12,630 100 0 83 121
Pinnacle ................. 101 2,323 10,452 100 0 79 
136
Eureka .................... 88 2,032 11,033 100 0 70 
133
Paragon .............. 73 1,684 8,420 100 0 39 206
Barbados ................ 58 1,336 6,387 100 0 56 
94
Arcadia .................... -- 0 -- -- -- 85 --
Greenbelt ................... -- 0 -- -- -- 60 --
R .................................. 0.79 0.86
CV ......................... 32 21
lsd .................................. 1,803 5,496
E.V. Smith Research Center
Packman ................. 320 7,361 11,105 100 0 71 460
PS 10990................ 237 5,440 5,444 100 0 66 364
Mariner .................. 191 4,395 5,226 100 0 68 310
Regal ...................... 167 3,840 6,097 100 0 53 276
Green Comet ......... 131 3,018 4,137 100 0 40 351
Olympus ................. 112 2,570 3,702 100 0 53 179
Title IST.................... 92 2,108 2,831 100 0 66 
148
Claudia ...................... 38 869 1,742 100 0 45 
88
Ritol........................... 33 752 871 100 0 35 59
R .................................. 0.55 0.61
CV ......................... 66 61
lsd ................................. 1,480 4,094
'See Introduction for definitions of R
2
, CV, and lsd.
8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Head and Chinese Cabbage
Included in Variety Trial
ERIC SIMONNE, JIM BANNON, ARNOLD CAYLOR, JOE KEMBLE AND JIMMY WITrrT
Cabbage variety trials were conducted using plas-
tic mulch and drip irrigation at the Horticulture Unit
of the E.V. Smith Research Center (EVSRC) in Shorter,
and North Alabama Horticulture Substation (NAHS)
in Cullman (Tables 1 and 2).
While fall cabbage can be grown on bare ground
or new plastic mulch (as a first crop), the potential
exists for double-cropping cabbage after a spring crop.
Therefore, the evaluation of selected cabbage variet-
ies was done as a double crop. At EVSRC, the test
was conducted on black plastic following a watermelon
crop. At NAHS, cabbage was planted on white plas-
tic after tomato and eggplant (two replications follow-
ing each spring crop). Spring crops were sprayed with
Gramoxone (three pints per acre) at EVSRC and
Roundup (approximately four quarts per acre) at
NAHS. Plots were then mowed to remove dried crop
residues. New holes were punched for cabbage estab-
lishment.
Soils were fertilized according to the recommen-
dations of the Auburn University Soil Testing Labo-
ratory. Names of chemicals are mentioned only for
describing the production practices used. This repre-
sents neither a recommendation nor an endorsement
of these products. Current recommendations for pest
and weed control in vegetable production in Alabama
may be found in IPM Commercial Vegetables: Insect,
Disease, Nematode and Weed Control Recommenda-
tions (Publication 95IPM-2 from the Alabama Coop-
erative Extension Service).
At both locations, six-week-old cabbage plants
were transplanted in staggered, double rows 12 inches
apart at an in-row spacing of 12 inches. Rows were
five feet apart. Plots were 10 feet long and contained
20 plants, which created a stand of approximately
21,800 plants per acre. Transplanting dates were Sept.
8 at EVSRC and Sept. 12 at NAHS.
At EVSRC, fertilization consisted of a preplant
injection of 35 pounds of N and 112 pounds of K20 as
potassium nitrate (13-0-44) per acre on Aug. 30. Af-
ter transplanting, weekly injection of six pounds of N
per acre were made, from a liquid calcium nitrate so-
TABLE 1. RATINGS OF 1995 CABBAGE VARIETY TRIALS
EVSRC NAHS
W eather ...................... ........ 3 3
Fertility ...................... ........ 5 5
Irrigation ........................ 4 5
Pests........................ 5 5
O verall .............................. 4 4
'See Introduction for a description of rating scales.
TABLE 2. SOURCE, EARLINESS, AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE
OF SELECTED CABBAGE VARIETIES
Variety Seed source Earliness' Disease claims
2
days
Head Cabbage
Blue Pak...................Ferry-Morse 80 FY
CB-7 .......................... Sandoz Rogers NA NA
Cheers .................. Takii 75 BR, FY
Constanza ................. Petoseed 87 BR, FW, TB
FMX 388.................Ferry-Morse NA NA
Fortress ...................... Ferry-Morse 69 BR, FY
Greenboy ......... Sandoz Rogers 87 BLS, FY
Green Cup ................. Takii 73 BR, FY
Hercules .................... Sandoz Rogers NA NA
Izalco ........................ Sandoz Rogers 87 BLS, BR, FY
PS 4390 ..................... Petoseed NA NA
Quick Start ................ Takii NA NA
Rio Verde.................. Sandoz Rogers 87 BLS, FY
Royal Vantage .......... Sakata 88 BLS, BR,FY, TB
SCB 3319 .................. Sakata NA NA
Survivor .................... Stokes 85 BR, FY
Wanda....................... Nunhems NA NA
Oriental Cabbage
China Flash ............... Sakata 58 TB
Kasumi ...................... Stokes 64 None
Monument................. Stokes 70 None
Pak Choi-Lei Choi .... Sandoz Rogers 47 None
Shinki........................ Takii 75 None
Shori 60 ..................... Nunhems 60 NA
Summertime II .......... Stokes 67 ALS, DM, WS
Yuki .......................... Sakata 67 CR
'This information was obtained from seed catalogues. In some cases,
this information was not available (NA).
2FY = Fusarium Yellows; BR = Black Rot; FW = Fusarium Wilt; TB
= Tip Bum; BLS = Bacterial Leaf Spot; ALS = Alternaria Leaf
Spot; DM = Downy Mildew; WS = White Spot; CR = Clubroot;
NA = not available; None = no disease claims.
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 9
lution (9-0-0-11) on Sept. 6, Sept. 20, Oct. 4, Oct. 
18,
Oct. 25, Nov. 8, Nov. 22, and Dec. 6. A 20-20-20 fer-
tilizer was injected on Sept. 13, Sept. 27, Oct. 11, Nov.
1, Nov. 15, Nov. 29, and Dec. 13. Insect control con-
sisted of applications of Lannate LV (three pints per
acre) on Sept. 15, 22, and 29; and Larvin 3.2EC (two
pints per acre) on Oct. 19.
At NAHS and following soil test results, P and K
were not applied. One-third (40 pounds per acre) 
of
the recommended N rate was injected preplant as am-
monium nitrate on Sept. 6. Remaining N was injected
weekly as ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate for
seven weeks. Pest control consisted of applications of
the insecticide Asana (9.6 ounces per acre) and the
fungicide Ridomil/Bravo (two pounds per acre) on
Sept. 29, Oct. 6, and Oct.17. The insecticide Lannate
LV (three pints per acre) was used on Oct. 11. The
insecticide Xentari (two pounds per acre) was used on
Oct. 11 and 17.
When they reached marketable size, cabbage
heads were harvested with four wrapper leaves and
graded according to United States Standards for
Grades of Cabbage (U.S. Department of Agriculture
46 FR 63203). Harvest dates were Dec. 1 and 11 at
EVSRC, and Nov. 8 at NAHS.
Marketable weight (in numbers of 50-pound car-
tons) and corresponding number of heads were re-
corded (Table 3). To account for the possible loss of
plants due to double cropping, corrected yields were
calculated by adjusting for stand. These estimates may
be useful to compare variety performance across lo-
cations and cropping system.
TABLE 3. ACTUAL AND CORRECTED NUMBER OF 50-POUND CARTONS,
MARKETABLE YIELD AND NUMBER OF HEADS OF CABBAGE'
Variety Actual Actual Actual 
Actual pct. Actual Actual Corrected
marketable marketable marketable marketable 
cull percent marketable
50-lb. cart. yield heads weight 
weight stand 50-lb. Box
no./a. lb./a. no./a. pct. 
lb./a. pct. no./a.
E.V. Smith Research Center
Cheers ........................... 397 19,845 7,621 
100 0 80 510
Constanza ..................... 367 18,372 7,186 
100 0 75 485
Izalco ............................. 199 9,926 4,573 
100 0 76 269
Quick Start ................... 180 8,989 3,920 
100 0 39 444
Green Cup ..................... 153 7,672 3,266 
100 0 41 425
FMX 388 ....................... 104 5,214 2,178 
100 0 51 224
PS4390 ............................ 56 2,783 1,307 
100 0 70 88
SCB 3319...................... 53 2,644 1,089 
100 0 30 281
Rio Verde .................... 35 1,734 
1,089 100 0 
33 78
Blue Pack .......................... 5 259 
218 100 0 29 
34
R ......................................... 0.77 0.68
CV ........ .................... . 53 60
Isd ............ .......... ..... 5, 883 2,796
North Alabama Horticulture Substation
Shori 60 ........................ 812 40,606 11,541 
99 346 65 1,378
Kasumi .......................... 796 39,798 15,243 
98 738 86 956
Shinki ............................ 788 39,387 13,501 
99 618 83 971
Yuki ............................... 571 28,536 
8,275 84 5,228 
65 920
Summertime II ............. 553 27,643 
8,057 99 486 99 
926
China Flash .................. 536 26,818 
8,129 93 1,939 70 
828
Pak Choi-Lei Choi....... 521 26,056 
11,541 87 3,889 
78 672
Monument .................... 495 24,730 
10,017 100 0 
73 701
R ......................................... 0.55 0.56 
0.55
CV . .......... o ........... ........... 21 
23 116
lsd .......................... . ...... 3,344 3,345 
2,848
'See Introduction for definitions of R
2
, CV, and lsd.
10 
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Non-Heading Leaf Lettuce
Varieties Show Good Potential
for Alabama
ERIC SIMONNE, JIM BANNON, ARNOLD CAYLOR, BRIAN GAMBLE,
JOE KEMBLE, MARVIN RUF, LARRY WELLS, AND JIMMY Wr
Lettuce production in Alabama is presently re-
stricted to a very small acreage. Since lettuce is a fast-
growing, relatively cold tolerant crop, lettuce variety
trials were conducted in the Fall at the Wiregrass Sub-
station (WS) in Headland, Horticulture Unit at the E.V.
Smith Research Center (EVSRC) in Shorter, North
Alabama Horticulture Substation (NAHS) in Cullman,
and Sand Mountain Substation (SMS) in Crossville
(Table 1).
Lettuce was grown as a first crop at WS, and
double crop at EVSRC, NAHS and SMS (Table 2). At
all locations, six-week-old lettuce plants were trans-
planted in staggered, double rows 12 inches apart at
an in-row spacing of 12 inches. Plastic-mulched, drip-
irrigated plots were 10 feet long and contained 20
plants (Table 3). Rows were five feet apart. This cre-
ated a stand of approximately 21,800 plants per acre.
Transplanting date was Sept. 8 at WS and EVSRC,
and Sept. 12 at NAHS and SMS.
Soils were fertilized according to the recommen-
dations of the Auburn University Soil Testing Labo-
ratory. Names of chemicals are mentioned only for
describing the production practices used. This repre-
sents neither a recommendation nor an endorsement
of these products. Current recommendations for pest
and weed control in vegetable production in Alabama
may be found in IPM Commercial Vegetables: Insect,
Disease, Nematode and Weed Control Recommenda-
tions (Publication 95IPM-2 from the Alabama Coop-
erative Extension Service).
TABLE 2. CROPPING SYSTEMS USED
IN LETTUCE EVALUATIONS
Location Plastic color Previous crop
WS ............................... White None
EVSRC' ...................... Black Watermelon
NAHS......................... White Tomato and Eggplant
2
SMS'
.
........................... Silver Tomato and Bell Pepper
2
'Double-cropping.
2
Each in half of the field.
TABLE 1. RATINGS OF 1995 LETTUCE VARIETY TRIALS
WS EVSRC NAHS SMS
Weather ............... 4 4 4 4
Fertility ............ 5 5 5 5
Irrigation ............. 5 4 5 5
Pests .................... 5 5 5 5
Overall ................ 5 5 5 5
'See Introduction for a description of rating scales.
At WS, one ton of dolomitic limestone and 1,000
pounds of 13-13-13 were preplant broadcast applied on
Aug. 10. Injections of 10 pounds of N as calcium nitrate
were made on Sept. 15, Sept. 25, Oct. 10, Oct. 25, and
Nov. 7; and as potassium nitrate on Oct. 2, Oct. 17, and
Nov. 15. The fungicides Bravo 720 (1.5 pints per acre)
and Asana XL (nine ounces per acre) were sprayed on
Nov. 29, Oct. 6, and Oct. 11. Dimilin 4L was applied on
Nov. 6 at a rate of four ounces per acre.
For double-cropping, spring crops were sprayed
with Gramoxone (three pints per acre) at EVSRC and
Roundup (approximately four quarts per acre) at
NAHS and SMS. New holes were punched for lettuce
establishment.
At EVSRC, fertilization consisted of a preplant
injection of 35 pounds of N and 112 pounds of K20 as
potassium nitrate (13-0-44) per acre on Aug. 30. Af-
ter transplanting, weekly injection of six pounds of N
per acre were made, from a liquid calcium nitrate so-
lution (9-0-0-11) on Sept. 6, Sept. 20, Oct. 4, Oct. 18,
Oct.25, Nov. 8, Nov. 22; and Dec. 6. A 20-20-20 fer-
tilizer was injected on Sept. 13, Sept. 27, Oct. 11, Nov.
1, Nov. 15, Nov. 29, and Dec. 13. Insect control con-
sisted of applications of Lannate LV (three pints per
acre) on Sept. 15, Sept. 22, and Sept. 29 and Larvin
3.2EC (two pints per acre) on Oct. 19.
Following soil test results at NAHS, P and K were
not applied. One-third (40 pounds per acre) of the rec-
ommended N rate was injected preplant as ammonium
nitrate on Sept. 6. Remaining N was injected weekly
as ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate for seven
I I
10 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY 
TRIAL REPORT 
11
weeks. Pest control consisted of applications of the
insecticide Asana (9.6 ounces per acre) and the fungi-
cide Ridomil/Bravo (two pounds per acre) on Sept.
29, Oct. 6, and Oct. 17. The insecticide Lannate LV
(three pints per acre) was used on Oct. 11. The insec-
ticide Xentari (two pounds per acre) was used on Oct.
11 and 17.
At SMS, fertilization consisted of injections of
potassium nitrate (13-0-44) at a rate of 10 pounds of
N and 35 pounds of K20 per acre on Sept. 12, Oct. 4,
and Oct. 18; five pounds of N and 17 pounds of K20
per acre were applied on Oct. 20. Additional injec-
tions included 20-20-20 (10 pounds of N per acre) on
Sept. 28, 20-20-20 plus ammonium nitrate (four plus
six pounds of N per acre) on Oct. 12, and calcium ni-
trate (10 pounds of N per acre) on Oct. 26 and Nov. 1.
Insect control consisted of applications of Sevin
(one pint per acre) on Sept. 13, Sept. 18, Sept. 25,
Oct. 19, and Oct. 23; and Asana (nine ounces 
per acre)
on Sept. 15, Sept. 29, and Oct. 16. B.T. was also ap-
plied on Sept. 18, Sept. 25, and Oct. 19 at a rate of
half a pound per acre.
Lettuce was harvested when it reached market-
able size and graded according to the U.S. Standards
for Grades of Romaine (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Publication 60-6130). Harvest dates were Nov. 1, Nov.
20, and Nov. 27 at WS; Oct. 27 and Nov. 3 at EVSRC;
Oct. 24 and Nov. 8 at NAHS; and Oct. 24, Nov. 5, and
Nov. 9 at SMS. Yields were expressed in 50-pound
boxes of 24 units (Table 4, Page 12) calculated by di-
viding the number of marketable heads by 24. Heads
were culled because of bolting or insufficient head
size. To account for the difference between first and
double crops, corrected yields were calculated by ad-
justing for stand. These estimates may be useful to
compare variety performance across locations and
cropping system. At several locations, rapid and non-
scientific taste tests were conducted by non-trained
panelists. Unpleasant bitterness was not markedly re-
ported.
TABLE 3. SEED SOURCE, EARLINESS, AND DISEASE CLAIMS OF SELECTED LETTUCE 
VARIETIES
Variety Seed source Maturity class' Type 
Disease claims'
days
Aquarius................................... Sakata Very Early Butterhead, Compact 
NA
Augustus .................................. Petoseed Main (70) Romaine 
CR, LMV, TB
Brunia ....................................... Vilmorin 62 Red Oak Leaf 
NA
Bullseye ................................... Petoseed Main (77) Salinas 
TB
Divina ....................................... Vilmorin 45 Green Butterhead 
NA
Epic .......................................... Sakata Early Ithaca 
NA
Gemini ..................................... Sakata Mid Early Compact, 
unique TB
Legacy ...................................... Takii NA 
NA NA
Nevada ..................................... Vilmorin Medium (58) 
Green Butterhead DM, LMV, TB
New Red Fire .......................... Takii 45 Red 
Leaf NA
Optima ................................... Vilmorin Mid Early 
Butterhead DM, LMV
Parris Island ..................... Stokes Main (65) 
Romaine NA
Red Salad Bowl ................... Vilmorin 50 
Red Leaf NA
Salinas 88 Supreme ................ Sakata Main Salinas 
LMV
Sangria MTO........................... Vilmorin 55 
Red Butterhead DM, TB
Sierra ........................................ Vilmorin NA 
Red Batavia DM, TB
Target ....................................... Petoseed NA 
NA NA
'This information was obtained from seed catalogues. In some cases, this information 
was not available (NA).
'CR = Clubroot; LMV = Lettuce Mosaic Virus; TB = Tip Burn; 
DM = Downy Mildew; NA = not available; None = no disease 
claims.
11FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT
12
TABLE 4. ACTUAL AND CORRECTED NUMBER OF 50-POUND CARTONS (OF 24 HEADS),
MARKETABLE YIELD AND NUMBER OF HEADS OF LETTUCE'
Variety Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual pct. Actual pct. Actual Corrected Corrected
market. market. market. cull cull market. market. percent market. market.
yield heads 50-lb. cart.
2
weight heads weight number stand yield 50-lb. cart.
lb./a. no./a. no./a.
Target ........................... 7,897 6,968 290
Epic ........................... 1,263 1,307 54
Salinas 88 Supreme ........ 610 871 36
Gemini ......................... 566 653 27
Sangria MTO .................. 174 581 24
Aquarius .............................. 0 0 0
Legacy ................................. 0 0 0
Optima ................................. 0 0 0
Red Salad Bowl ................... 0 0 0
R
2 
.................................... 0.70 0.65
CV ................................ 180 179
Isd ............................... 2,976 2,428
Bullseye .................... 8,186 20,033 835
Augustus ...................... 5,344 15,025 626
Legacy ...................... 4,256 8,928 372
Gemini ......................... 2,947 8,057 336
Epic ........................... 2,166 6,315 263
Salinas 88 Supreme ..... 2,061 5,879 245
Aquarius ................... 2,003 8,710 363
Rouge Salad Bowl ....... 1,572 6,387 266
Sangria MTO ............... 1,313 6,097 254
Divina .......................... 1,304 4,936 206
Optima ............................ 954 3,049 127
R
2 
.................................... 0.71 0.72
CV ...................................... 55 42
lsd ............................. 1,262 6,725
North
Bullseye ..................... 21,991 14,372 599
Nevada ..................... 16,179 17,420 726
Sierra.......................... 13,204 16,549 690
Augustus .................. 12,529 16,114 671
Brunia .......................... 9,119 16,331 680
New Red Fire............... 8,534 16,114 671
R
2 
.................................... 0.45 0.30
CV...................................... 42 10
lsd ................................ 8,544 2,395
Bullseye ....................... 7,774 15,460 644
Augustus ...................... 7,643 23,735 989
Legacy ......................... 7,404 14,807 617
Salinas 88 Supreme .... 6,881 25,041 1,043
Epic .............................. 6,794 23,735 989
Gemini ......................... 5,161 14,154 590
Red Salad Bowl........... 4,355 12,775 532
Sangria MTO ............ 3,854 16,114 671
Aquarius .............................. 0 0 0
Optima ................................. 0 0 0
R .................................... 0.79 0.92
CV ...................................... 34 20
lsd ................................ 2,491 4,346
lb./a. no./a. pct. pct. pct. lb./a. no./a.
Wiregrass Substation
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
E.V. Smith Research Center
312 218 97
1,332 3,484 80
1,591 5,008 71
2,334 6,968 60
149 436 95
77 218 97
1,605 5,879 56
0 0 100
38 218 99
64 290 98
2,626 8,275 22
0.70 0.80
81 63
1,309 3,136
Alabama Horticulture Substation
0 0 100
0 0 100
0 0 100
54 218 99
161 653 98
0 0 100
0.30 0.34
289 265
157 575
Sand Mountain Substation
0 0 100
261 218 97
457 653 95
392 436 95
0 0 100
1,219 2,178 84
0 0 100
0 0 100
3,266 13,718 0
2,286 13,718 0
0.80
77
906
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
82
61
55
95
97
58
100
98
97
24
100
100
100
99
96
100
100
99
96
98
100
86
100
100
0
0
77
31
38
54
13
44
36
39
17
96
98
96
94
63
90
95
68
90
63
75
98
100
100
94
98
96
89
138
89
145
136
94
73
93
79
79
9,871
3,157
813
921
581
0
0
0
0
8,533
5,451
4,360
3,099
3,681
2,224
2,106
2,114
1,513
2,268
1,217
22,416
16,179
13,228
13,221
9,369
8,827
8,670
5,840
8,339
4,875
5,081
5,643
6,242
4,186
0
0
362
136
48
44
81
0
0
0
0
867
640
382
354
452
269
382
368
292
370
163
612
726
692
716
698
697
726
721
694
719
726
621
726
726
0
0
'See Introduction for definitions of R
2
, CV, and Isd. Actual percent stands above 100% may occur when cells were multiple-
seeded during transplant production.
2
The number of 50-pound cartons of 24 heads was calculated by dividing 
the number of heads by 24.
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
- - --- --- ---
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE 
VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 
13
Yes! Pumpkins Can Be Grown
in Alabama
ERIC SIMONNE, JIM BANNON, BOBBY BOOZER, ARNOLD CAYLOR, 
BRIAN GAMBLE, MARVIN
HOLLINSWORTH, JOE KEMBLE, JIM PITTS, MARVIN RUF, LARRY WELLS, AND JIMMY WITT
Like watermelon and cantaloupe, pumpkins are cu-
curbits. They are botanically very similar to squash.
Hence, the cultural requirements for commercial pump-
kin production are similar to the needs of these crops.
Pumpkins need to be fertilized, irrigated, and sprayed to
control downy mildew and other foliar diseases.
Pumpkin variety trials were conducted at the
Wiregrass Substation (WS) in Headland, Horticulture
Unit at the E.V. Smith Research Center (EVSRC) in
Shorter, Chilton Area Horticulture Substation (CAHS)
in Clanton, North Alabama Horticulture Substation
(NAHS) in Cullman, and Sand Mountain Substation
(SMS) in Crossville (Tables 1 and 2).
At all locations, hills containing two plants each
were spaced 10 feet apart. Between-row spacing was
10 feet. Planting dates were July 20 at WS, June 24 at
EVSRC, June 29 at CAHS, July 11 at NAHS, and July
14 at SMS.
Soils were fertilized according to the recommen-
dations of the Auburn University Soil Testing Labora-
tory. Names of chemicals are mentioned only for de-
scribing the production practices used. This represents
neither a recommendation nor an endorsement of these
products. Current recommendations for pest and 
weed
control in vegetable production in Alabama may be
found in IPM Commercial Vegetables: Insect, Disease,
Nematode and Weed Control Recommendations (Pub-
lication 95IPM-2 from the Alabama Cooperative Ex-
tension Service).
At WS, preplant fertilization consisted of 250
pounds of 13-13-13 and two tons of broiler litter per
acre applied on July 12. On Aug. 28, plants were
sidedressed with 80 pounds of N per acre as ammo-
nium nitrate. Plots were cultivated on Aug. 8. The fun-
gicide Bravo 720 (two pints per acre) was applied 
on
Aug. 25, Sept. 5, Sept. 13, and Sept. 22. Pumpkins
were over-head irrigated with one inch of water on
Aug. 16, Aug. 31, and Sept. 25.
At EVSRC, a 5-10-15 fertilizer was broadcast
applied preplant on July 13 to provide 50 pounds of
N, 80 pounds of P
2
0
5 
and 120 pounds of K
2
0 per acre.
On Aug. 14, ammonium nitrate (34-0-0) was banded
to provide 40 pounds of N per acre. Preplant herbi-
cide was Prefar 4E applied on July 13 at a rate of five
TABLE 1. RATINGS OF 1995 PUMPKIN VARIETY TRIALS
WS EVSRC CAHS NAHS SMS
Weather .......... 4 4 4 4 4
Fertility .......... 5 5 5 5 5
Irrigation. 5 5 5 5 5
Pests ............... 4 5 5 5 4
Overall ........... 5 5 5 5 4
'See Introduction for a description of rating scales.
quarts per acre. Insect control was provided by appli-
cations of Thiodan 3EC (1.5 pints per acre) on Aug. 5,
Aug. 23, and Sept. 12; Lannate LV (three pints per
acre) on Aug. 12, Sept. 1, and Sept. 15; and Ambush
(eight ounces per acre) on Sept. 8.
Fungicides used were Dithane DF (two pounds 
per
acre) on Aug. 5 and Sept. 8; Ridomil MZ58 (two 
pounds
per acre) on Aug. 12; Ridomil/Bravo 81W (three pounds
per acre) on Aug. 23; Bravo 720 (three pints per acre) 
on
Aug. 25; Manzate 200 (two pounds per acre) on Sept. 
1;
Kocide DF (two pounds per acre) on Sept. 1, 8, and 
15;
and Manex (two quarts per acre) on Sept. 15.
At CAHS, preemergence herbicide was Curbit
applied at a rate of two pints per acre on June 
30. Fer-
tilization consisted a preplant application of 1,000
pounds of a 5-20-20 fertilizer. Plants were sidedressed
with 30 pounds of N per acre as ammonium nitrate 
on
July 25. Between Aug. 1 and until harvest, irrigation
was applied over-head at a rate of one inch per 
week.
Insect control was provided by applications 
of
Lannate (two pints per acre) on Aug. 2, Aug. 
25, and
Sept. 29; Sevin (one pound per acre) on Sept. 
14; and
Dipel (two pints per acre) on Sept. 29. Fungicides 
used
were Dithane (two pounds per acre) on Aug. 
2, Aug.
18, and Sept. 14; Benlate (two pound per 
acre) and
Captan (four pounds per acre) on Aug. 
10; Kocide
(three pounds per acre) on Aug. 18; and 
Bravo (two
quarts per acre) on Aug. 25 and Sept. 29.
At NAHS, preplant fertilization consisted 
of 1,000
pounds per acre of 13-13-13 on July 10. Pre-plant 
her-
bicide was Command incorporated at a rate 
of 1.5 pints
per acre on July 11. Pest control consisted 
of applica-
tions of the insecticide Asana and fungicide 
Ridomil/
Bravo on Aug. 5, Aug. 18, Aug. 25, Sept. 
1, Sept. 8,
Sept. 15, and Sept. 29.
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 13
14 
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
At SMS, preplant fertilization consisted of 150
pounds of ammonium nitrate, 120 pounds of concen-
trated superphosphate and 120 pounds of potassium
chloride (muriate of potash) applied per acre on July
13. Plants were sidedressed with 100 pounds per acre
of ammonium nitrate on Aug. 10. Preplant herbicide
was Prefar applied on July 13 at a rate of four quarts
per acre. Plants were sprayed with the fungicides Bravo
(two pints per acre) on July 31, Aug. 11, Aug. 22, Sept.
1, Sept. 9, Sept. 15, and Sept. 29; Ridomil (1.5 pounds
per acre) on Aug. 14 and 28; and Benlate (one-half
pound per acre) on Aug. 16, Aug. 28, and Sept. 13.
The insecticide Asana (six ounces per acre) was
sprayed on Aug. 24 and 30.
Harvest dates were Oct. 12 at WS, Oct. 10 at
EVSRC, Oct. 9 at CAHS, Oct. 10 at NAHS, and Sept.
28 and Oct. 13 at SMS. Hurricane Opal had limited
effect on pumpkin variety trials because it reached Ala-
bama a few days before harvest. Nevertheless, it in-
terfered with the last-week spray schedule and dam-
aged the vines. In some cases, pumpkins had to be
harvested before they were fully colored. Under nor-
mal conditions, pumpkins have to be harvested at the
full-color stage because color development stops af-
ter harvest. Hence, the pumpkins that were green at
harvest stayed green in storage.
Pumpkins were graded as marketable or non-mar-
ketable (Table 3). Most of the non-marketable fruits
were culled because of decay due to excessive mois-
ture or because they were harvested after the optimum
harvest date.
Except Cinderella (Rouge Vif d'Etampes) and
Alagold, all selected varieties were primarily ornamen-
tal pumpkins. Cinderella is best suited for cooking.
Alagold was released in the 1950s by the AAES as a
substitute for sweet potatoes for baking and pies. Small
(between 0.3 and eight pounds) or white pumpkins are
best suited for decoration or painting. Orange pump-
kins weighing between 10 and 30 pounds are well
suited for carving.
TABLE 2. SEED SOURCE, RELATIVE EARLINESS, AND FRUIT SIZE OF SELECTED PUMPKIN VARIETIES
Variety Type' Seed source Maturity Fruit weight
days lb.
Alagold ..................................... OP Auburn University 95 10-15
Appalachian ..................................... Fl Rupp Seeds 90 20-25
Autumn Gold .................................... Fl Sandoz Rogers 90 8-10
Baby Bear ......................................... OP Rupp Seeds 105 1-2
Big Autumn ...................................... F1 Sandoz Rogers 90 15-20
Casper
2 
..................
................ . . . . . . 
OP Rupp Seeds 90 10-20
Early Sweet Sugar ........................... OP Sandoz Rogers 90 6-8
Howden ..................................... OP Stokes, Harris Seeds, Rupp Seeds 100 15-20
Jack-Be-Little .................................. OP Sandoz Rogers 95 0.25
Jack-Be-Quick ................................. OP Rupp Seeds 95 0.25
Jack-of-All-Trades ............................. F1 Rupp Seeds 88 9-10
Jackpot ................................................ Fl Harris Seeds 100 10-12
Jumpin' Jack ....................................... OP Rupp Seeds 120 30-50
Little Lantern ...................................... OP Stokes 100 1-2
Oz ...................................................... F1 Harris Seeds 105 3-5
Pankows Field ..................................... OP Harris Seeds 120 15-20
Peek-A-Boo ......................................... F1 Rupp Seeds 90 3-4
Cinderella
3  
................................................
.. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ..
..... OP Vilmorin 95 20-30
(Rouge Vif d'Etampes)
RS 1294 .............................................. Fl Rupp Seeds NA 20-30
Spirit ................................................... F1 Petoseed 98 10-12
Spookie ............................................... OP Harris Seeds 105 
5-6
Spooktacular .................................... FI Petoseed 85 
3-5
Sugar Treat ....................................... FI Rupp Seeds 90 3-5
Sweetie Pie .......................................... OP Stokes 
110 0.25
Tallman ............................................... OP Stokes 
110 15-30
Trick-or-Treat ..................................... F1 Petoseed 
98 10-12
Var #300 ............................................. F1 A&C 
NA 15-20
Var #500 ............................................. Fl A&C 
95 18-22
Var #510 ............................................. Fl A&C 
95 22-26
Wizard ............................................ F1 Harris Seeds 115 
10-15
'OP = Open Pollinated; Fl = Hybrid; NA = not available. This information was obtained from seed catalogues
2
Most selected pumpkins are of different shades of orange. Casper is white.
3
Except Cinderella (Rouge Vif d'Etampes) and Alagold, all selected varieties are primarily ornamental pumpkins. Cinderella is best
suited for cooking or painting; Alagold, for cooking.
14 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL 
EXPERIMENT STATION
TABLE 3. YIELD AND INDIVIDUAL FRUIT WEIGHTS OF SELECTED PUMPKIN VARIETIES
Variety Market. Market. Cull Total Ind. Variety Market. Market. Cull Total Ind.
yield fruit yield yield fruit wt. yield fruit yield yield fruit wt.
Ib./a. no./a. lb./a. lb./a. lb.
Wiregrass Substation
Var #300 .............. 13,616 1,262 1,044 14,660 11
Var #500 .............. 11,832 1,044 2,153 13,985 11
Autumn Gold.......... 11,027 2,393 674 11,702 5
Pankows Field.......... 9,983 1,109 1,283 11,267 9
Jack-of
-All-Trades ............ 8,722 1,022 2,045 10,766 8
Big Autumn .............. 6,873 848 3,698 10,571 8
Early Sweet
Sugar ................... 6,786 2,849 413 7,199 2
Spookie .................. 6,569 2,610 0 6,569 3
Var #510 ................ 5,720 522 1,109 6,830 11
Howden ................. 4,785 370 3,089 7,874 12
Peek-A-Boo .............. 4,241 1,892 609 4,850 2
Jack-Be-Quick .......... 3,154 12,006 109 3,263 0.3
Jack-Be-Little ........... 2,610 11,136 109 2,719 0.2
R2 ................................ 0.82 0.95 0.78 0.95
CV .................................. 26 34 28 18
Isd ............................. 2,761 1,468 3,502 2
E.V. Smith Research Center
Spirit .................... 24,242 2,132 794 24,386 11
Trick-or-Treat ......... 22,726 1,936 418 22,918 12
Cinderella ............... 20,294 1,131 1,034 20,486 17
Jumpin' Jack........... 18,864 1,262 1,483 19,008 15
Wizard ................. 18,331 1,805 202 18,475 10
Jackpot .................... 18,230 1,305 216 18,374 14
Sugar Treat ............. 10,967 2,158 545 11,389 6
Oz ........................ 10,670 3,850 38 10,814 3
Spooktacular ............. 9,277 3,596 2,368 11,261 3
Casper .................... 8,945 1,240 276 9,185 7
Tallman .................. 7,907 696 948 8,099 12
Alagold ............... 4,330 1,501 122 4,474 3
Howden .................... 3,852 392 0 3,852 10
Baby Bear ................. 3,034 1,914 233 3,754 8
R ................................ 0.75 0.76 0.74 0.60
CV .................................. 37 34 36 44
lsd ............................. 6,800 860 6,800 6
Chilton Area Horticulture Substation
Var #300 ................. 25,422 2,807 NA 25,422 9
Big Autumn ............ 19,291 2,267 NA 19,291 9
Trick-or-Treat ......... 17,985 2,207 NA 17,985 8
RS 1294 .................. 17,834 1,155 NA 17,834 15
Var #510 ................. 17,666 1,439 NA 17,666 11
Appalachian ........... 17,098 1,570 NA 17,098 11
Jumpin' Jack........... 16,590 1,826 NA 16,590 11
Pankows Field ........ 15,977 1,504 NA 15,977 11
Var #500 ................. 14,462 1,570 NA 14,462 9
Spirit ....................... 14,059 2,115 NA 14,059 7
Howden .................. 13,982 1,264 NA 13,982 12
Cinderella ............... 12,068 1,163 NA 12,068 10
Alagold ..................... 8,834 2,463 NA 8,834 3
Jack-be-Quick .......... 2,122 8,022 NA 2,122 0.3
R
2 
...............
.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
... 0.40 0.79 0.40 0.78
CV.................................. 49 45 49 25
lsd ............................. 9,832 1,352 9,832 3
ib./a. nola. lbJa. Ib./a. lb.
North Alabama Horticulture Substation
Jack-of
-All-Trades .......... 13,503 1,240 NA 13,503 11
Appalachian ........... 10,242 870 NA 10,242 12
Peek-A-Boo..............9,284 3,502 NA 9,284 3
Early
Sweet Sugar ........... 7,148 2,262 NA 7,148 3
Autumn Gold ............ 6,443 1,153 NA 6,443 5
Spookie ................... 4,912 1,327 NA 4,912 4
Howden .............. 4,611 551 NA 4,611 9
RS 1294 ................. 3,875 218 NA 3,875 17
Sweetie Pie ............... 3,629 11,636 NA 3,629 0.3
Alagold ...... ... 3,045 1,175 NA 3,045 3
Jack-Be-Little ........... 2,515 8,374 NA 2,515 0.3
Jack-Be-Quick.......... 1,451 5,416 NA 1,451 0.3
R ................................ 0.58 0.81 0.58 0.91
CV .................................. 57 58 57 34
Isd .............................. 5,560 3,106 5,560 6
Sand Mountain Substation
Spirit ......................... 6,979 845 3,251 10,230 8
Var #300 ................... 5,766 899 2,066 7,832 6
Var #500 ................... 4,276 409 1,660 5,935 10
Spooktacular............. 4,060 2,153 1,153 5,213 2
Trick-or-Treat ........... 3,970 463 3,194 7,164 8
Var #510 ................... 3,117 1,063 1,485 4,603 4
Wizard ...................... 2,728 436 3,496 6,224 7
Jackpot...................... 2,469 300 1,433 3,902 7
Casper ....................... 2,371 382 5,589 7,960 7
Howden....................1,883 191 1,755 3,638 10
Sugar Treat ............... 1,725 681 842 2,567 3
Oz ................................ 842 300 973 1,815 3
Little Lantern ............... 371 218 79 450 2
Jack-Be-Quik............... 313 1,036 174 488 0.3
Baby Bear .................... 164 109 621 785 2
R ................................ 0.45 0.44 0.51 0.73
CV .................................. 90 103 72 38
lsd ............................. 2,810 745 3,767 4
'See Introduction for definitions of R
2
, CV, and Isd.
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 15
Results 
of 
1995 
Southernpea
Results of 1995 Southernpea
Cooperator 's Trial
GENE HUNTER, JIM BANNON, OYETTE CHAMBUS, AND JIMMY WITT
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
The E.V. Smith Research Center in Shorter has
been one of 10 sites in the Southeast, from Texas to
South Carolina, where southernpea breeding lines
were tested to evaluate their adaptability and yield
potential. The AAES submitted three breeding lines
in 1994 and two in 1995. AU-93-M-C and AU-93-E
are bush pinkeye purplehulls with persistent green
seedcoats. AU-93-G is a bush cream type with large
pods. The following standard pinkeye varieties were
used as checks for AU93M-C and AU93M-E: Coro-
net, C.T. Pinkeye, and Pinkeye Purplehull-BVR. The
cream Early Acre was used as a check for AU93M-
G.
Planting dates were May 27, 1994 and May 23,
1995. Plants were thinned to four inches apart in
rows 30 inches apart. Overhead irrigation with con-
ventional flat planting in 1994 and drip lines with
raised rows in 1995 were used to provide a mini-
mum of one inch of water per week. In both years,
120 pounds per acre of phosphorus and potassium
were incorporated before seeding and plants were
side-dressed with 30 pounds per acre of nitrogen.
All pods, including "snaps," were harvested
from each plot when 80% of the pods were dry. To
estimate yield and compensate for different percent-
ages of dry and mature green pods among the plots,
all peas shelled from each plot's harvest were
soaked in water overnight (imbibed) to bring all peas
to the same level of moisture. This step makes com-
parisons more realistic. Imbibed weights are esti-
mates of mature green, shelled weight yield (see
table). Bushels of fresh, in-pod yield per acre may
be estimated by multiplying the imbibed weight by
two (assuming an average shell-out of 50%) and
dividing this by 25 (the average weight of a bushel
of fresh, unshelled southern peas).
16
DAYS TO MATURITY AND YIELD OF SELECTED SOUTHERNPEA BREEDING LINES AND VARIETIES
Variety Days to maturity Imbibed shelled yield Bushels per acre
1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995
days days lb./a. lb./a. no. no.
AU93M-C ...................................... 74 65 1,398 1,355 112 108
AU93M-E ...................................... 68 63 1,169 2,085 93 167
AU93M-G ...................................... 74 -- 1,360 
-- 108 --
Coronet .......................................... 72 64 1,590 2,135 127 179
CT Pinkeye ..................................... -- 67 -- 1,947 -- 156
PEPH-BVR .................................... 68 65 1,960 1,995 157 160
Early Acre...................................... 70 -- 728 
-- 58 --
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 
17
Two New Sweetpotato
Varieties for 1996
ERIC SIMONNE, JIM BANNON, BOBBY BOOZER, ARNOLD CAYLOR,
MARLIN HOLUNGSWORTH, JOE KEMBLE, JIM PiTrs, AND JIMMY WITT
Sweetpotato variety trials were conducted at the
Horticulture Unit at the E.V. Smith Research Cen-
ter (EVSRC) near Shorter, Chilton Area Horticul-
ture Substation (CAHS) in Clanton, and North Ala-
bama Horticulture Substation (NAHS) in Cullman
(Tables 1 and 2).
Plots were fertilized according to the Auburn
University Soil Testing Laboratory. Within-row
spacing was one foot. Names of chemicals are men-
tioned only for describing the production practices
used. This represents neither a recommendation nor
an endorsement of these products. Current recom-
mendations for pest and weed control in vegetable
production in Alabama may be found in IPM Com-
mercial Vegetables: Insect, Disease, Nematode and
Weed Control Recommendations (Publication
95IPM-2 from the Alabama Cooperative Extension
Service).
Sweetpotato seed roots from selected varieties
and breeding lines were planted in a heated bed at
NAHS in early April for slip production. Slips were
removed from the beds as needed and bundled for
shipment to the locations of the trials. Plots in all
TABLE 2. DISEASE RESISTANCE AND TOLERANC
OF SELECTED SWEETPOTATO VARIETIES'
Variety Origin (year)
2  
Resistance
3
Beauregard .............. LSU (1987) FW, SR(P), IC, SB, CS
Carolina Nugget ...... NCSU, AU (1985) see 
Jewel
4
Cordner ................... TAM, OSU (1984) FW, StR, SRN
Darby ...................... LSU (1995) SR, FW, StR, IC, FRR, BRR, So
Georgia Jet .............. UGA (1974) None
Hernandez ............... LSU (1992) FW, SRN, SoR, BRR
Jewel......................NCSU (1970) None
'Source: release notes from HortScience and Experiment Station Bulletil
2
AU = Auburn University; LSU = Louisiana State University; NCSU =
State University; OSU = Oklahoma State University; TAM = Texas
University of Georgia. In parentheses is the year each variety was relea
3
FW = Fusarium Wilt, SRN = Southern Root-Knot Nematode, SR(P) =
BSR = Bacterial Soft Rot, IC = Internal Cork, SB = Sclerotia Blight,
Spot, StR= Stem Rot, SR = Soil Rot, RN = Reniform Nematode, FRR =
Rot, BRR = Bacterial Root Rot, SoR = Soft Rot, and N = Nematodes.
4The disease resistance and susceptibility of 
Carolina Nugget is compa
Jewel.
TABLE 1. RATINGS OF 1995
SWEETPOTATO VARIETY TRIALS
EVSRC CAHS NAHS
W eather .................... 5 5 5
Fertility .................... 5 5 5
Irrigation .................. 5 5 5
Pests ......... ............ 5 5 5
O verall .................... 5 5 5
'See Introduction for a description of rating scales.
trials were 30 feet long and 3.5 feet wide.
At EVSRC, preplant fertilization consisted of a
broadcast application of 13-13-13 at a rate of 300
pounds per acre. Planting date was May 16. Dacthal
herbicide was applied on May 17 at a rate of 10
pounds per acre. On June 14, sweetpotatoes were
sidedressed with 40 pounds of N per acre as
NH
4
NO
3
. Overhead irrigation was applied as
needed.
At CAHS, 1,000 pounds per acre of a 5-10-15
fertilizer were preplant applied on May 25. On May
26, slips were transplanted and Temik insecticide
(20 pounds per acre) and Eptam herbicide (3.4 pints
a.i. per acre) were applied. Sencore
E herbicide was applied on May 30 at
a rate of 0.66 pounds per acre. No
Susceptibility
3  
irrigation was necessary.
At NAHS, a 5-10-15 fertilizer
SRN, BSR
see Jewel
4  
was broadcast applied on May 
12 at
SR(P) a rate of 1,000 pounds per acre. Slips
R SRN, RN were 
transplanted on May 
30. Weed
StR, N
IC, StR control was provided by an applica-
StR,N tion of Command 
(one quart per
ns. acre) on May 31. No irrigation 
was
North Carolina
A&M; UGA = 
used.
sed. Sweetpotatoes were harvested
Soil Rot (Pox), on Aug 
30 at EVSRC Oct. 13 
at
CS = Circular
Fusarium Root CAHS, and Sept. 27 at NAHS. 
Roots
were graded as US#1 (roots two to
3.5 inches in diameter, three to nine
|_ _ ___
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT
17
18
inches long, well shaped,
and free of defects), canner
(roots one to two inches in
diameter, two to seven
inches long), jumbo (roots
that exceed the diameter,
length, and weight require-
ments of the US#1 grade
but are of marketable qual-
ity), or cull (roots at least
one inch in diameter but so
misshapen or unattractive
that they could not be clas-
sified as marketable roots).
Marketable yield was cal-
culated by adding the
yields of the US #1, canner,
and jumbo grades. Percent
US#1 was calculated by di-
viding the yield of the
US#1 grade by the market-
able yield (Table 3).
NC-C59 and NC-C75
will be released in 1996 by
the North Carolina State
University sweetpotato
breeding program. The
names of these new variet-
ies are not known yet, but
the roots can be unoffi-
cially described as follows:
NC-C59 -- Smooth to
light russet, copper skin
roots; roots elongate on one
end, round on the other
end; attractive deep orange
flesh; high yields; good
baking and canning qual-
ity; 18.2% dry matter; good
ability for slip production.
NC-C75 -- Attractive
red skin with some len-
ticels; nice shaped roots;
orange flesh; high yields;
early; this line scored
poorly in baking and can-
ning tests; 18.4% dry mat-
ter; good ability for slip
production.
TABLE 3. MARKETABLE YIELD AND GRADE DISTRIBUTION
(IN 50-POUND BUSHELS) OF SELECTED SWEETPOTATO
ADVANCED BREEDING LINES AND COMMERCIAL VARIETIES'
Selection US #12 Canner
2
Jumbo
2
Cull
2
Market. yield
3
Pct. US#1
4
bu./a.
NC-C58 ..................... 353
NC-C75 ................... 345
NC-C59 ................... 340
L-87-54 ................ 333
Hernandez ................. 302
Georgia Jet ................. 287
L-89-72 .......................... 273
Beauregard .......... ....... 4267
L-89-110 ....................... 264
Cordner ...................... 255
Darby...................... 230
Carolina Nugget......... 209
Hernandez ................. 186
Jewel ........................ 121
W-210....................52
R . .............................. 0.42
CV ............................ 43
lsd ................. ........ 175
L-89-72 .................. 262
NC-C58 ..................... 214
NC-C59.................... 211
L-89-110 ................... 204
Georgia Jet................. 199
NC-C75 ...................... 198
Beauregard .................... 194
Darby ......................... 159
Cordner ..................... 138
Carolina Nugget......... 134
Hernandez................ 128
L-87-54 ................... 122
Jewel .......................... 108
W-210 ...................... 27
R.
2 
.... ....................... 0.59
CV ............................ 34
lsd ............................. 80
L-89-110 ...................... 635
Darby........................ 607
L-87-54.................... 590
L-91-150 .................... 537
Georgia Jet............. 526
NC-C58 ........................ 480
Hernandez .................. 477
Cordner ...................... 466
L-89-72 .......................... 449
NC-C59 ........................... 431
L-91-189 ........................ 420
NC-C75 ...................... 416
Beauregard ................. 350
Jewel ........................... 302
Carolina Nugget ........ 276
W-210 ........................ 263
R 
2  
................................ 0.61
CV ............................. 26
Isd ............................... 166
bu./a. bu./a. bu./a.
E.V. Smith Research Center
121 136 158
170 49 228
117 97 228
106 29 162
138 0 97
76 74 524
150 22 260
116 22 204
104 19 285
75 19 174
64 71 231
61 55 178
127 25 147
49 0 270
33 0 240
0.38 0.53 0.50
55 94 47
90 68 173
Chilton Area Horticulture Substation
68 107 62
46 53 63
73 68 53
52 83 123
51 108 185
67 35 39
36 67 101
33 103 65
36 57 82
58 29 118
44 40 62
21 106 48
33 38 117
8 3 103
0.48 0.47 0.61
49 63 41
32 58 51
North Alabama Horticulture Substation
152 35 53
119 211 67
95 193 21
183 47 60
93 116 86
83 45 45
117 14 42
140 17 53
166 21 39
125 56 77
131 45 40
169 34 32
116 80 23
204 9 65
182 33 82
145 4 50
0.38 0.66 0.27
42 89 84
83 77 64
bu./a.
610
565
554
468
440
437
445
405
387
350
366
325
338
170
94
0.48
35
250
437
313
352
339
358
300
298
295
231
220
212
249
179
37
0.63
30
119
823
937
877
767
735
608
608
623
636
612
596
620
546
515
491
412
0.65
20
189
pct.
56
61
64
71
69
68
60
67
67
70
66
67
58
74
64
0.19
18
20
59
68
60
60
57
66
66
60
61
57
53
61
76
0.19
21
19
78
65
67
67
71
79
78
73
69
71
71
67
71
56
57
63
0.31
18
18
'See Introduction for definitions of R
2
, CV, and lsd.
2
US#1 = 2-3.5 inches in diameter, 3-9 inches long, well shaped, and free of defects; 
Canner = 1-2 inches in
diameter, 2-7 inches long; Jumbo = exceed the diameter, length, and weight requirements of the US#1 
but
are of marketable quality; Culls = at least 1 inch in diameter but too misshapen or unattractive.
3
Marketable yield was calculated by adding the yields of the US #1, canner and jumbo grades
4
Percent US#1 was calculated by dividing the yield of the US#1 by marketable yield (culls not included).
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
FALL 1995 VEGETABLE VARIETY TRIAL REPORT 19
Sponsors and Suppliers
Corporate Sponsors
Micro Macro International, Inc.
Mike Duemmel
183 Paradise Blvd., Suite 108
Athens, GA 30608
(706) 548-4557
(Provided analytical services)
Lewis Taylor Farms, Inc.
Bill Brim
PO Box 822
Tifton, GA 31793
(912) 382-4454
(Donated transplants)
Supporting Seed Companies
Ferry-Morse Seed Co.
Glenn McKay
PO Box 392
Sun Prairie, WI 53590
Ph. (608) 837-6574
Nunhems Seed Co.
John Willems
PO Box 4005
6080 AA Haelen
Holland
Ph. (31) 47 59 92 22
Stokes Seeds Inc.
Joe Butwin
PO Box 548
Buffalo, NY 14240-0548
Ph. (716) 695-6980
Contributing Seed Companies
Petoseed Co.
Mario Rivas
3085 Whilraway Trail
Tallahassee, FL 32308
Ph. (904) 668-9068
Sakata Seeds
Howard Adams
P.O. Box 1118
Lehigh, FL 33970-1103
Ph. (941) 369-0032
Sandoz Rogers
Curt Pollard
2101 Melrose Drive
Valdosta, GA 31602
Ph. (912) 245-9457
Takii Seed
Haki Yamasaki
301 Natividad Rd
Salinas, CA 93906
Ph. (408) 443-4901
Seed Suppliers
Abbott and Cobb (A&C)
David Fritz
14460 Fortune Circle
West Palm Beach, FL 33414
Ph. (407) 795-2588
Harris Seeds
Bob Wilkins
60 Saginow Dr.
Rochester, NY 14692-2960
Ph. 1-800-544 7938
Rupp Seeds
Roger Rupp
17919 County Road B
Wansiom, OH 43567
Ph. (419) 337-1841
Vilmorin
Gilles Laurin
P.O. Box 707
Empire, CA 95319
Ph. (209) 529-6000
LOCATIONS OF PARTICIPATING RESEARCH UNITS
Main Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn.
E. V. Smith Research Center, Shorter.
Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville.
North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman.
Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield.
Chilton Area Horticulture Substation, Clanton.
Piedmont Substation, Camp Hill.
Lower Coastal Plain Substation, Camden.
Wiregrass Substation, Headland.
Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton.
Gulf Coat Substation, Fairhope.