The International Center for Aquaculture
ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 1976
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
R. DENNIS ROUSE, Director
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
AUBURN, ALABAMA
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CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION................................. 3
GRANT OBJECTIVES.............................. 3
PERSONNEL OF THE PROJECT....................... 4
ACCOMPLISHMENTS..............................4
Education and Training........................... 4
Extended Knowledge Base......................... 5
Advisory Capacity.............................. 9
Linkages and Networks........................... 9
IMPACT OF GRANT-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES
IN ACHIEVING GRANT PURPOSES................. 9
OTHER RESOURCES FOR GRANT-RELATED ACTIVITIES. 11
UTILIZATION OF INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE
CAPABILITIES IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS........11
APPENDIX......................13
Publications Resulting from Activity of
Grant-funded Staff .... .................. 13
Visitors Seeking Informationf on
International Development...............14'
Published 5/77-IM
Information contained herein and programs described are available to
all without regard to race, color, or national origin.
THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE
Annual Report for 1976
E. W. SHELL*
INTRODUCTION
THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES the activities of the International
Center for Aquaculture during the fiscal year 1976, particu-
larly as related to support received from the U.S. Agency for
International Development (AID) institutional grant AlD/csd
2780. A highlight of the year was the 78 man-months of over-
seas service performed by Center staff. Academic and training
programs were strengthened with the initiation of new courses
in fish genetics and breeding, aquacultural economics, and a
special 5-month aquacultural training program for foreign stu-
dents. In total 656 students (504 American and 152 foreign)
were enrolled in fishery subjects taught during the year. Coun-
try projects were operational in the Philippines, Brazil, Nigeria,
and El Salvador. In addition, 19 special requests for interna-
tional development services were received and appropriately
serviced during the year.
Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important in develop-
ing countries as a means of providing larger quantities of the
protein needed for more adequate diets and as an important
contribution to economic growth. It utilizes infertile lands and
runoff waters, along with agricultural wastes and surpluses, to
intensively grow crops of high quality protein in the form of
fish and other aquatic animals, thus greatly increasing the abil-
ity of each country to supply the protein needed by its own
people. Aquaculture can be used to grow high quality protein
locally where it is most needed, thereby reducing the cost of
transportation, processing, and refrigeration. It also provides
additional needed income and employment for farmers.
Auburn University has received worldwide recognition for
its leadership in warmwater fisheries generally and aquaculture
specifically. The University has committed itself to assist dc
veloping nations increase their supplies of high quality protein
and improve their economic well-being through improved
methods of aquaculture. No other American university pres-
ently has sufficient experience or program orientation to pro
vide this type of assistance.
The All) grant was awarded to Auburn University i(,
strengthen its research, teaching, and extension capabilities
and to improve service capabilities in aquaculture. As a conse-
quence, more significant contributions can now be made by
the University in promoting aquaculture in developing coun-
tries. In addition, the grant can be used to develop methods
and procedures for making the University's competence in
aquaculture more readily available for those who need it. The
initial grant for $800,000 covered a 5-year period 1970-75. A
2-year extension for the grant, along with revised objectives
and scale of operation, was approved covering the period
1976-78, with additional funds amounting to $578,000f. 'This
report covers the first year of the 2-year extension period.
*Head, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, and Direc-
tor, International Center for Aquaculturc.
GRANT OBJECTIVES
The program funded by the grant revision and extension
has five primary objectives:
1. To provide educational and training opportunities in
inland fisheries and aquaculture related to international devel-
opment.
2. To continue to develop and improve the knowledge
base of Auburn University, including the development of a ca-
pability in production economics as related to aquaculture.
3. To develop a more effective capability for advisory ser-
vices and actively promote its utilization.
4. To continue to collect, analyze, publish, and dissemi-
nate information.
5. To develop a strong professional network of linkages
between Auburn and LDC (less developed country) institu-
tions, international development agencies, and U.S. institu-
tions.
Specific work plans to achieve each of these objectives were
developed at the beginning of the grant extension. These plans
outline the activities of each principle person supported under
the AID grant.
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Philippine biologist completes 6 weeks of special training at
Auburn.
PERSONNEL OF THE PROJECT
Following is a list of personnel who received grant funds as
part of their salary during the year:
Name
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. D. D. Moss
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Dr. Ray Allison
Dr. Claude E. Boyd
Dr. Edward W. McCoy
Dr. Mario M. Pamatmat
Dr. R. O. Smitherman
Mr. Jack R. Snow
Dr. Werner G. Wohlfarth
Dr. James R. Ilubbard, Jr.
Dr. Bryan L. Duncan
Dr. Ronald P. Phelps
Mr. John L. Boutwell
Mr. Kenneth W. Crawford
Mr. Randell K. Goodman
Ms. Margarita L. Hopkins
Ms. Ellen W. Scarsbrook
Mr. John P. Pugh
Ms. Belinda T. Jones
Ms. Christine B. Sherrer
Ms. Evelyn C. Talley
Ms. Deborah A. Morgan
Ms. Teresa N. Tilson
Ms. Alma C. Tucker
Mr. Robert L. Busch
Mr. Jesse A. Chappell
Mr. Michael C. Cremer
Mr. David R. Dunseth
Mr. Gary L. Jensen
Mr. John W. Jensen
Mr. Walter G. Jones
Mr. Ralph W. Parkman
Mr. Thomas J. Popma
Mr. Edwin H. Robinson
Mr. James A. Steeby
Mr. Craig S. Tucker
Position Man-months
Director
Assistant Director
Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor 1
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor 1
Research Associate
Research Associate
Research Associate 1
Research Associate
Research Associate
'Technical Assistant
Lab Technician A
Senior Clerk
Typist A
Typist
Typist
Typist
Graduate Research Assistant 1
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
1
All graduate research assistants are generally expected to spend 1/3
time on activities related to their stipend and under normal circum-
stances do not contribute more than 4.0 man-months to a project in a
year.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Education and Training
The activities programmed under this objective included de-
veloping new courses, providing practical training in short
courses and for visitors, and providing support to graduate stu-
dents interested in international-related aquaculture.
New courses to be developed included one in fish seed pro-
duction. The 1975 goal was to prepare a course outline and
plan facilities and training aids. This was accomplished by Jack
Snow who, besides preparing the material, used parts of it dur-
ing the non-degree training program. A training syllabus for
the course was 40 percent drafted and visual aid materials were
developed. A series of 263 Kodachrome slides (35-mm) were
obtained and organized into several illustrated lectures to pre-
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Students collect carp eggs as part ol their practical training.
sent aspects not previously available on campus. This activity
required 4.0 man-months.
A new course in aquacultural economics was developed. An
initial course had been taught in 1974 as a special problems
subject, and it was modified and offered as a formal course,
Economics of Aquaculture, in spring quarter 1975. Thirteen
graduate students registered, 7 foreign and 6 American. The
seven foreign students were from Nigeria, Philippines, 
'Taiwan,
El Salvador, and Mexico. IThe course was accepted as a regular
offering of the University and included in the 1976 catalog.
When offered in winter quarter 1976, registration totaled 25,
of which 16 were foreign students. 'The foreign students were
from the Philippines, Taiwan, and the Netherlands. Experience
and information gained from research results, technical assis-
tance contracts, and published secondary information are uti-
lized to prepare examples from countries represented by the
students.
Two courses in fish genetics and breeding were developed
and taught. These courses were completed with the assistance
of Dr. W. G. Wohlfarth from Israel, who spent a year at Au-
burn as a visiting professor and taught the graduate-level
courses in which a total of 60 students was enrolled. fHe re-
ceived 2.0 man-months of support from grant funds for his
work.
Practical training activities included the development and
teaching of short courses emphasizing practical aspects of
aquaculture and inland fisheries. A special training program for
15 Peace Corps Volunteers in fisheries scheduled for assign-
ment in Cameroons and Zaire in Africa was presented at the
request of Peace Corps, July 6-14.
A special 5-month short course in aquaculture, divided into
two sessions, was initiated in March 1976. Thirteen students
finished the first session and 8 students were enrolled in the
second. Some of the materials developed for use in new
courses covering fish seed production, breeding and 
genetics,
and aquacultural economics were modified for use in these
short courses. A similar short course will be offered in 1977.
During the report period 51 visitors from 15 different for-
eign countries were received at the Center. The names and ad-
dresses of these visitors are listed in the Appendix. Many of
these visitors were provided special tours of the 
ponds, labs,
and othetr tlailities. Meetings with appropriatc Ulniversit ad-
ministrators or scicntific staf were arranged according to the
interest and intent of the visitors and, in selected cases, further
tours to other facilities around the country were arranged.
Many visitors come to the Center specifically for infor-
mation on international fisheries and aquaculture develop-
ment. The numbers of such visitors each year since the incep-
tion of the erant are listed below:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971) ...... ........ ....
1971-72 (FY 1972) . ........ . . . . . . . . .
1972-73 (FY 1973) ..................
1973-74 (FY 1974) .................
1974-75 (FY 1975) ..................
1975-76 (FY 1976) .............. ......
unmber of visitors
1
41
30
58
58
51
1
Records not kept for fiscal year 1971.
Twelve graduate research assistantships were funded from
grant money during the report year, supporting 40.8
man-months of service. Graduate student enrollment during
the year averaged 73, of which 21 were foreign students. This
is the largest number of graduate students the 1)epartment has
ever enrolled. Thirty-four of the graduate students (12 foreign)
had major professors and advisors who received some grant
support.
The 37 foreign students enrolled during the year repre-
sented 10 different countries: Philippines (18), Taiwan (4),
Thailand (3), Nepal (3), El Salvador (2), Colombia (1), Nigeria
(1), Cambodia (1), Brazil (2), Panama (1), and Swaziland (1).
USAID missions sponsored 22 of the foreign students, 5 were
sponsored by FAO, 5 were self supporting, 2 were paid by
their home country, and 1 each was sponsored by JCRR (Tai-
wan), IB1RD (World Bank), and ID)RC (Canadian aid group).
The subject matter specialties of the foreign graduate students
were in six general fields: fish feeding and nutrition (7), aqua-
culture (6), fish diseases and health (3), fisheries management
(3), fishpond ecology (1), and aquacultural economics (1).
I wenty graduate degrees were awarded (luring the year
(American: M.S.-10, Ph.D.-2; foreign: M.S.-7, Ph.D.-l). Seven
of the foreign students returned to fisheries work in their
home countries and the eighth continued his studies. Of the
seven American graduates who have taken employment, three
are working for state conservation agencies, three for universi-
ties, and one in the private sector. One graduate was recruited
by the International Center to fill a fisheries project position
in Indonesia.
Extended Knowledge Base
This activity area includes continuation of ongoing research
programs plus the addition of new state-of-the-art study ef-
forts in the subjects of aquaculture, aquacultural economics,
minimum input aquaculture, and knowledge transfer tech-
nology.
A state-of-the-art survey in aquaculture was initiated to de-
termine the nature and extent of aquaculture in the less devel-
oped countries. Presently information has been collected from
various sources for 77 LDCs. A questionnaire was developed to
gather information on types of fish cultured, techniques used,
production cost, marketing, types of minimum input aquacul-
ture being conducted, types of research being conducted, and
nature of extension programs being carried out in fisheries.
These questionnaires were mailed to 230 individuals either cur-
rently working in an I.IDC or those who have been there recent-
ly. Presently, 71 replies have been received. FIollow-up letters
have been mailed to individuals who did not reply initially.
Interviews have been conducted with individuals who are in
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Awarding of certificates at completion of 5-month aquaculture training program.
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Peace Corps trainees get experience with pond seining.
the United States and have recently worked in aquaculture in
an LDC.
A literature review is also in progress in which relevant in-
formation on aquaculture programs used in the LDCs will be
gathered.
A bibliography on aquacultural economics has been devel-
oped using computer format in which new entries can be
added as they become available. Letters requesting copies of
published reports on aquacultural economics were sent to all
land-grant colleges and to foreign countries. A computer
search of documental material was conducted. A request to
the Smithsonian literature retrieval system was initiated. Si-
multaneously with literature collection, a computer storage
and retrieval system has been developed for updating the bibli-
ography.
Two fish marketing studies, El Salvador and Panguil Bay,
Philippines, were completed during 1975-76. Production stud-
ies indicating budgeting procedures were also completed dur-
ing the year. Publications resulting from this work are:
HOPKINS, M. L. AND E. W. McCOY (in press). Annotated
Bibliography of Aquacultural Economics. International Center
for Aquaculture, Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta.
PARKMAN, R. W. AND E. W. McCOY (in press). Fish Mar-
keting El Salvador. International Center for Aquaculture,
Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta.
BOUTWELL, J. L. AND E. W. McCOY. Planning and Evalu-
ating Farms with Aquacultural Enterprises. International Cen-
ter for Aquaculture, Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. 53
p.
IIOPKINS, M. L. AND E. W. McCOY. Marketing of Fisheries
Products by Municipal Fisheries in Panguil Bay, Philippines.
International Center for Aquaculture, Auburn Univ. (Ala.)
Agr. Exp. Sta. 37 p.
PARKMAN, R. W. AND E. W. McCOY. Marketing as a Factor
in Fishculture Development. El Salvador. International Center
for Aquaculture, Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. 25 p.
MCCOY, E. W. AND J. L. BOUTWELL. Preparation of a Fi-
nancial Budget for Fish Production. Catfish Production in
Areas with Level Land and Adequate Ground Water. Inter-
national Center for Aquaculture, Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr.
Exp. Sta. 73 p.
Additional studies are underway. One involves the ramifica-
tions of fish culture development in El Salvador, a second
examines wholesale and retail marketing of fish in the Philip-
pines, and another concerns extended use of productive facili-
ties to improve income.
The questionnaire for aquaculture mentioned above in-
cludes primary economic data on fish culture in LDCs. These
data will be used to determine areas where research and
development efforts in aquaculture have the least constraints
for success.
Questionnaires also asked for information about minimum
input aquaculture, which was broadly defined. Results from
the questionnaire indicate a general lack of data on methods
and extent of practices.
A study was initiated to develop fishculture methods appro-
priate to low income small scale farmers in LDCs. The study
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incorporate thc lcvel of available resources for aquaculture
and the attitude of farm operators towards aquacultural pro-
duction. Using currently available cultured species and produc-
tion techniques a system of production will be developed to
utilize the resources farmers currently have available.
A report demonstrating the economic costs and returns of
shifting from higher to lower levels of input use has been pre-
pared. This report, indicating the changes in capital, labor, and
variable inputs needed as producers move from maximum to
minimum input aquaculture, is listed as follows:
CRAWFORD, K. W. AND E. W. McCOY (in manuscript). Par-
tial Budgeting for Selected Aquacultural Enterprises. Inter-
national Center for Aquaculture, Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr.
Exp. Sta.
A number of agencies involved in fisheries extension either
in the United States or an LDI)C have been contacted concerning
the nature of their programs. In the United States, various
agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Soil Con-
servation Service, state agricultural experiment stations, and
state game and fish commissions have fishery extension pro-
grams. The primary emphasis of their programs is generally
sportfishing, although some agencies have good aquacultural
extension programs. Twenty agencies have been contacted and
nine interviews with fisheries extension agents have been
conducted.
In the LDCs, fisheries extension programs are sponsored by
a number of international and national agencies. The FAO
agricultural education and training office has been contacted
to determine the nature of its program. Of the 53 publicly
sponsored service organizations contacted, 21 had some type
of fisheries programs. The U.S. Peace Corps and other similar
volunteer agencies are involved in fisheries extension. These
agencies have been contacted and the extent of their involve-
ment determined.
A number of national agricultural extension agencies in the
LDCs have been contacted to determine their organization and
the types of programs being carried on. Several individuals
who have worked in LDCs under USAID sponsorship in agri-
cultural extension were contacted for opinions as to the diff-
iculties encountered in conducting extension programs in
LDCs.
A collection of educational material used in fisheries exten-
sion both in the United States and the LDCs has been initi-
ated.
A number of research projects are also in progress to ex-
pand the knowledge base and research capabilities. The follow-
ing is a report on these various projects.
Various combinations of channel catfish, 
tilapia, silver carp,
and grass carp are being evaluated in pond trials during the cur-
rent growing season. The combinations offer potential for
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Brand marked channel catfish brooder used in genetic studies,
left, and fast growing tilapia hybrid Sarotherodon 
niloticus
(female) x S. honorum (male), right.
optimum protein production at minimum cost. Results may
have direct application for LDCs.
Twelve fed catfish ponds, containing 300 channel catfish
and 3 grass carp each, were used in experiments to 
deter
mine the effects of simazine and copper sulfate on water 
qual-
ity. Four ponds were treated biweekly with 0.75 pound per
acre CuSO
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0. Four other ponds were treated three times
in a 4-month period with simazine; once with 0.8 milligram
per liter and twice with 0.25 milligram per liter. Four un-
treated ponds were used as controls.
Phytoplankton numbers in simazine treated ponds averaged
less than 10 percent of the control and chlorophyll a less than
5 percent of the control values. Chlorophyll a and numbers of
phytoplankton were similar in copper sulfate treated and con-
trol ponds.
Treatment of ponds with simazine resulted in extended per-
iods of low dissolved oxygen. On more than 60 days in the
4-month test period, dissolved oxygen did not exceed 50
percent of saturation. Treatment with copper sulfate resulted
in dissolved oxygen values lower than the controls; however,
afternoon values generally exceeded saturation.
Dissolved Cu
+
+, measured weekly, never exceeded 0.013
milligram per liter despite 9 biweekly additions of 0.023 milli-
gram per liter Cu
+ +
. Simazine residues were monitored and the
residual remaining after treatment with 0.8 milligram per liter
was toxic to phytoplankton for about 5 weeks. Treatments
with 0.25 milligram per liter were effective for 2 to 3 weeks.
One graduate student measured the annual cycle of benthic
metabolism, primary production, and total ecosystem respira-
tion in two ponds under intensive catfish cultivation. On the
basis of oxygen uptake, he estimated the relative oxidation of
organic matter in the water column and in the sediment. An-
other student isolated pure bacterial cultures from pond bot-
tom muds. Of these, different metabolic types were chosen for
studying the relationship between 
metabolic heat production,
ATP concentration, dehydrogenase activity, and cell concen-
tration. Since much of the benthic bacterial activity in the
ponds turned out to be anacrobic, for which oxygen uptake
measurements are not realistic, a calorimetric method for
measuring metabolic heat production was developed.
A master's thesis, "Metabolic Rate of Pond Ecosystems un-
der Intensive Catfish Cultivation," will be submitted to the
Graduate School in the fall. A manuscript resulting from this
study, "Disadvantages of Deep Ponds for Intensive Catfish Cul-
ture," will be submitted for publication in the Agricultural
Experiment Station's periodical. Two manuscripts on direct
calorimetry are in preparation: "Direct Calorimetry of Benthic
Infaunal Metabolism" and "Oxygen Uptake and Metabolic
Heat Production in Littorina irrorata and Uca pugnax. "
Just kor the joy
ofeating.
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Market study in local supermarkets to determine consumer ac-
ceptance of new pond-reared species.
Work was begun to assemble a brood stock of several spe-
cies of food fishes which will be needed for spawning and rear-
ing of promising food fishes. Test animals for both training
and research were involved. Species included so far are grass
carp, silver carp, mirror carp, bighead carp, goldfish, and tila-
pia.
Considerable time was spent in planning for a fish hatchery
building to provide facilities For research on fish spawning, in-
cubation, and early developmcnt of the seedlings. A contract
for construction of the building has been let and work is
underway. Lquipment for the building has been ordered, so
prospects are favoiable for a new hatchery facility for the
19 7 7 spawning season.
Research activity in spawning and rearing promising food
fishes was focused on the controlled spawning and hatching of
the mirror carp to provide eggs and seedlings for overseas ship-
ment.
Nine experimental diets were formulated for feeding to
pond-raised omnivoious fish, such as channel catfish, for rapid
gain and efficient food conversion. Diets of three protein lev-
els, each containing 0, low, and moderate levels of fish meal,
(3 x 3 treatment design) were prepared in pellet form and fed
to channel catfish in 1/10-acre ponds for 198 days. The objec-
tive was to determine the effect of source of protein on the
protein requirement of cultured fish.
Addition of fish meal improved the quality of an all-plant
diet and reduced the optimum percentage of protein for fish
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growth. For intensive feeding of a pond-cultured fish with
food habits and nutrient requirements similar to channel cat-
fish, a 36 percent protein ration with 1/3 of the protein from
fish or animal origin appears to be satisfactory for a rapid rate
of growth. Higher percentages of fish meal did not improve
fish growth significantly. Subsequent studies will investigate
the benefit of changing the protein percentage in fish diets as
fish size increases.
Waste from cultured channel catfish (head, skin, and vis-
cera) was collected from a processing plant on various dates
throughout the year to compare variation in chemical (nutri-
ent) composition of the waste from fish subsequent to heavy
feeding (fall) or fasting (spring). The waste was homogenized,
freeze-dried, and analyzed for protein, lipids, ash, Ca, P, amino
acids, and fatty acids.
Analyses of the waste samples indicated that contents of
lipids, protein, and energy vary with the previous feeding
schedule of the fish. The waste material has high lipid or fat
content, which indicates that the fat must be extracted prior
to drying if the waste is to be made into fish meal. The lipids
in the waste could be a valuable source of energy for animal or
fish foods. Compared with commercial marine fish meal, cul-
tured freshwater fish meal is somewhat lower in protein, slight-
ly lower in the valuable amino acids lysine and methionine,
and slightly higher in inorganic matter. The freshwater fish
waste contains much less polyunsaturated fatty acids than
marine fish, which means it will be less subject to oxidative
change and will not give "fishy" flavor to animals to which it
is fed. Subsequent studies will evaluate biological value of
freshwater fish waste in fish and animal diets.
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Advisory Capacity
Activities to be accomplished under this subject include (1)
training of advisory staff, (2) formation of a list of potential
people for work in LDCs with aquaculture, and (3) orientation
support and technical backstopping for aquacultural develop-
ment.
A letter of inquiry with an appropriate response form was
sent to a wide variety of people who might be interested in
aquaculture work overseas. Mailing lists included membership
of the Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society,
the World Mariculture Society, Auburn fisheries alumni, and
other who were suggested by the ICA staff or contacts. The
Center now has a growing list of people who might be contact-
ed should a specific demand develop. The list will be summa-
rized further and circulated during the coming year.
No new field positions were filled in FY75 though several
are projected in FY76 when contracts now being negotiated
will be finalized. Drs. H.R. Schmittou and J.H. Grover will
leave the Philippines and at leAst onereplacement will need
orientation on campus before joining the Philippines project.
Technical backstopping is available for AID-supported pro-
jects or other requests that may come in. During FY76, for ex-
ample, a short-term soil expert was located and sent to the
Philippines to assist the project there. In connection with an
acid-sulfate soils problem, a number of lab analyses were per-
formed on soil samples sent from the Philippines to help iden-
tify the cause of the problem and develop reasonable solu-
tions. Fertilizer samples were analyzed for N-P-K content as
requested by field staff in the Philippines. The Brazil project
was assisted with the statistical analysis of some of their exper-
imental data using the on-campus computers and expertise.
Both projects had minor but locally unavailable parts or equip-
ment essential for project functions secured for them. Some
library references unavailable locally were secured and photo-
copied for field staff and foreign alumni. The field staff also
received help in reviewing manuscripts for publication, making
conference attendance arrangements, and in communicating
with each other or other groups.
During the year the annual report for FY74 was prepared
and submitted to AID/Washington. A number of publications
were finished and others were in preparation by grant-
supported staff. A reprint collection of more than 300 papers
is maintained by the Department to answer numerous requests
for information received each week.
Linkages and Networks
An objective of this year's work was to improve and expand
linkages between the International Center for Aquaculture and
other international development agencies. Continued contacts
were maintained with the University of Rhode Island and its
International Center for Marine Resource Development. Most
notable about this relationship was arranging the loan of David
Hughes, from Auburn, to work for 4 months with the Rhode
Island program in Central America. Such an arrangement
proved useful to both parties in employing experience and tal-
ent available for common objectives.
In February-March 1976, Dr. E. W. Shell, Head of the Inter-
national Center for Aquaculture, and Dr. R. D. Rouse, Dean
of the School of Agriculture and Director of the Agricultural
Experiment Station, traveled to Southeast Asia to visit selected
laboratories and institutions relative to establishing linkages for
aquacultural development. Their contacts included the appro-
priate universities and government agencies in the Philippines,
Thailand, and Indonesia, and with FAO in Rome. As a direct
result of the contacts made on this trip, a Memorandum of Co-
operation was signed between the Southeast Asian Regional
Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture
(SEARCA) and Auburn University on May 31, 1976. Addi-
tional groundwork was laid for participation in other programs
such as might be supported under a Title XII-type program.
Dr. Schmittou, at the request of AID/Washington, partici-
pated in a project review of the Oceanic Foundation in Hawaii
in May 1976. Drs. Shell and R. T. Lovell have served on special
committees of the National Academy of Sciences onworld
food problems and fish nutrition. Discussions have been held
during the year with the Rockefeller-funded International Cen-
ter for Living Aquatic Resource Management (ICLARM), the
South East Asia Fisheries Development Council (SEAFDEC),
and the Canadian-based International Development and Re-
search Centre (IDRC).
IMPACT OF GRANT-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES
IN ACHIEVING GRANT PURPOSES
The purpose of the grant is to strengthen the International
Center for Aquaculture for greater service to developing coun-
tries. It is evident, from the discussion of accomplishments,
that reasonable progress is being made to realize this purpose.
The International Center has been strengthened and the result-
ing capability for service is being maintained and enhanced.
Furthermore, the increased capacity is being effectively uti-
lized.
Grant funds were utilized during the year to purchase 270.0
man-months of personnel services. These services contributed
significantly to the capability of the Center in the areas of edu-
cation and training, extending the knowledge base, advisory
capacity, information capacity, and linkages and networks.
Man-months of personnel services purchased with grant funds
each year since the beginning of the project are given below:
Category of personnel
Year
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
(FY 1971)
FY 1972)
FY 1973)
FY 1974)
FY 1975)
FY 1976)
Academic Technical
and and
research secretarial
47.8
38.0
45.2
48.4
44.2
93.6
12.0
22.3
16.1
29.0
30.6
21.8
Graduate Field and
research student
assistants labor
15.2
25.6
16.3
22.4
19.5
40.8
17.6
74.9
65.6
47.9
26.8
113.8
Funds were also used to increase library holdings, to sup-
port the activities of the Center staff, and to provide materials,
supplies, and minor items of equipment utilized in graduate
training.
The major contribution of the grant was to provide for the
purchase of approximately 65.6 man-months of senior-level
(assistant professor and above) staff during the year. These
personnel are key elements in the strengthening of the Inter-
national Center. They are primarily responsible for the train-
ing, extension of the knowledge base, advisory services, and
other activities necessary for a vital program.
Virtually all of the grant-funded staff participated in the ex-
pansion of the knowledge base through research and develop-
ment. Results of their activities were published as research
papers in recognized scientific journals, as chapters in mono-
graphs or books, as parts of symposia, and as reports prepared
for various USAID Missions and international development
agencies. Those published during FY 1976 are listed in the
Appendix.
9
The number of publications produced by grant-funded staff
each year since the beginning of the grant is shown below:
Year Number
1970-71 FY 1971 ............................ 6
1971-72 FY 1972 ............................ 8
1972-73 FY 1973 ............................ 12
1973-74 FY 1974 ............................ 13
1974-75 FY 1975 ............................ 371
1975-76 (FY 19761 ............................ 35
1Beginning in FY 1975, formal reports prepared as a result of
USAID contracts are included in the number of publications.
Research interests, research projects, and publications of
grant-funded staff are listed below:
Name
Dr. E.W. Shell
Dr. D.D. Moss
Dr. R. Allison
Dr. C.E. Boyd
Dr. R.T. Lovell
Dr. E.W. McCoy
Dr. M.M. Pamatmat
Dr. R.O. Smitherman
Mr. J.R. Snow
Dr. W.G. Wohlfarth
Dr. J.R. Hubbard, Jr.
Dr. B.L. Duncan
Dr. R.L. Phelps
Mr. J.L. Boutwell
Mr. K.W. Crawford
Mr. R. Goodman
Ms. M.L. Hopkins
Ms. E.W. Scarsbrook
Mr. R.L. Busch
Mr. J.A. Chappel
Mr. M.C. Cremer
Mr. D.R. Dunseth
Mr. G.L. Jensen
Mr. J.W. Jensen
Mr. W.G. Jones
Mr. R.W. Parkman
Mr. T.J. Popma
Mr. E.H. Robinson
Mr. J.A. Steeby
Mr. C.S. Tucker
Research interests
No. of No. of
research publi-
projects cations
1
aquaculture 1
aquaculture 0
aquaculture 2
water quality and ecology 5
fish nutrition and fish
processing and technology 3
aquacultural economics 5
pond ecology 3
aquaculture 3
aquaculture and fish
reproduction 2
fish breeding and genetics 0
extension methodology 0
tropical aquaculture 0
fisheries extension 0
aquacultural economics 2
aquacultural economics 2
hatchery management 0
aquacultural economics 1
algal taxomony and ecology 2
induced spawning of fish
(with W. Shelton) 1
quantitative inheritance in
fish (with R.O. Smitherman) 1
eel culture in Philippines
(with R.O. Smitherman) 1
polyculture of fishes
(with R.O. Smitherman) 1
tilapia spawning and
reproduction (with
W. Shelton) 
1
pond economics (with
E.W. McCoy) 1
freshwater shrimp
culture (with R.O.
Smitherman) 1
fish marketing in El
Salvador (with E.W. McCoy) 1
tilapia nutrition (with
R.T. Lovell) 1
catfish nutrition (with
R.T. Lovell) 1
feeding and pond manage-
ment (with R.T. Lovell) 1
pond water quality (with
C. Boyd) 1
1 Titles of publications are given in appendix, credit given to each
joint author.
2 Research thesis or dissertation.
10
0
2
0
8
10
3
1
0
4
0
0
2
2
2
3
0
0
1
0
0
Of special significance in the expansion of the knowledge
base through the use of grant funds was the research conduct-
ed by foreign students. Not only did they contribute new in-
formation to various fields of aquaculture and inland fisheries,
but they also learned something of the use of the scientific
method for solving practical problems. A total of eight foreign
students received graduate degrees during the year. Each stu-
dent was required to submit a thesis or dissertation based on
original research. Although only two foreign students were
supported directly on grant funds in the form of hourly wages,
all of the students utilized equipment and supplies, benefited
from the availability of field labor, or received guidance and
assistance from staff which was provided with grant funds.
Name, country of origin, and title of the thesis or dissertation
for each foreign student are listed below (name of major pro-
fessor follows dissertation title):
Apolinario, K. M.
(Philippines)
Canlas, J. R.
(Philippines)
Cruz, E. M.
(Philippines)
DeFigueiredo, J.
(Brazil)
Dureza, V. A.
(Philippines)
12
0 Inko-Tariah, 
M.
0 g(Nigeria)
0
Li, Y.
1 (Taiwan)
Moreira, P.
0 (Brazil)
12
Recovery and Utilization of Boneless
Flesh Mechanically Separated from Tila-
pia (Tilapia aurea), Buffalofish (Ictiobus
cyprinellus x Ictiobus niger), and Channel
Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Lovell)
The Parasitic and Bacterial Loads of
Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus,
Raised in Two Farm Ponds (Plumb)
Determination of Nutrient Digestibility in
Various Classes of Natural and Purified
Feed Materials of Channel Catfish (Lovell)
Comparison of Virulence of the Channel
Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque),
of Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester) from
Diseased Fish, Pond Water and Shrimp
Lesion (Plumb)
The Determination of the Efficiency of
Three Aeration Systems in the Produc-
tion of Channel Catfish in Earthen Ponds
(Allison)
The Production of Tilapia aurea in
Polyculture with Largemouth Bass or
Monosex (male) Stocking for Popula-
tion Control (Smitherman)
Vitamin D Requirement of Channel Cat-
fish (Lovell)
Effects of Various Levels of Cooked and
Uncooked Carbohydrate in Diets of
Channel Catfish (Lovell)
Because of the availability of the staff funded from the
grant, the Department has been able to attract a number of re-
search grants and contracts that it could not otherwise have
handled. In the past year the grant-funded staff was involved
in a number of research projects supported by state appropri-
ated University funds. Several of these research projects will
result in information that will have direct transferability to de-
veloping countries.
Grant-funded staff taught 12 courses during the year. The
university paid most of the costs for teaching the courses, but
because of the use of grant funds, more specialists in different
disciplines were available for teaching these courses. Nine
courses per 12-month academic year would be approximately
a full-time teaching load for one professor if he were support-
ed entirely by university teaching funds. Obviously, a single in-
dividual could not adequately teach the wide variety of
courses offered in the Department of Fisheries and Allied
Aquacultures. By combining university teaching funds and
grant funds into joint appointments, 10 different teachers
(specialists in their respective fields) were available to teach
the courses.
A summary of courses taught and student enrollment is pre-
sented below:
No. of Number of students enrolled
1
Quarter courses American Foreign
Summer 1975.........
Fall 1975 ...........
Winter 1975 . . . . . . . . .
Spring 1967..........
TOTAL . . . . . . . . .
6
11
11
11
39
78
178
133
115
504
23
47
50
32
152
1
Students normally take more than one course each quarter. The
total number of students enrolled increased approximately 16 percent
over the previous year.
The average number of graduate students enrolled during
the year was 73, up 21 percent over the previous year. A sum-
mary of graduate enrollment during the past 6 years is present-
ed in the following:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971).
1971-72 (FY 1972):
1972-73 (FY 1973).
1973-74 (FY 1974).
1974-75 (FY 1975).
1975-76 (FY 1976).
Number of graduate students
enrolled in each quarter
Summer Fall Winter Spring
24
29
43
48
50
60
23
34
48
57
57
73
31
43
50
54
65
79
28
46
51
53
69
79
Foreign graduate student enrollment has been relatively sta-
ble for the past 31/2 years, as shown by the following:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971) .
1971-72 FY 1972 ......
1972-73 FY 1973......
1973-74 FY 1974.....
1974-75 (FY 1975.
1975-76 (FY 19761.
Number of foreign graduate students
enrolled in each quarter
Summer Fall Winter Spring
7 5 5 7
5 5 13 15
16 16 19 22
22 27 26 26
24 22 19 21
20 20 22 22
A total of 20 advance degrees was awarded during the year
(17 M.S. and 3 Ph.D.). Eight of the degrees were awarded to
foreign students. Information on the total number of advance
degrees awarded and the number awarded to foreign students
is presented below:
Year
1970-71 FY1971)......
1971-72 FY 1972 ......
1972-73 FY 1973 ......
1973-74 FY 1974 ......
1974-75 FY 1975......
1975-76 FY 1976 ......
Graduates
M.S. Ph.D.
4 0 42
10 4 41
18 8 40
209 53
2412 32
177 31
OTHER RESOURCES FOR
GRANT-RELATED ACTIVITIES
All funds received by the Department and International
Center strengthen and support the Center. Information on the
various sources of funds is presented in the following table:
Source of funds
State of Alabama appropriated funds
For teaching ............................... $
For research ......................... ..
Sales funds
For sale of food fish and fingerlings . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal appropriated funds for research
USDA- Land-Grant College funds . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research grants from other state governments ........
Research grants from Federal agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research grants from private enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sub-total ..............................
All USAID support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount
163,233
155,580
35,000
87,140
124,000
115,097
75,000
755,050
900,000
TOTAL.................................$1,655,050
As the information indicates, the Department and Center
receive funds from a wide variety of sources; however, USAID
is the largest single source of funds. Appropriated funds from
the State of Alabama to Auburn University for teaching and
research represent the second largest source of funds. A num-
ber of separate research and development contracts provide
the third largest source.
Interpreting the term "grant-related activities" in its broad-
est sense, virtually all funds received contribute directly or in-
directly to achieving the purpose of the grant. Even industrial
research grants contribute supplies, equipment, and personnel
that are used to some extent in graduate training. By having
this type of work going on in the same Department, foreign
graduate students are able to better comprehend the complex-
ity of problems they must face in the future when attempting
to balance food and industrial production needs with the need
for environmental protection.
UTILIZATION OF INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE
CAPABILITIES IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Much information about service activities by the Inter-
national Center for Aquaculture has already been presented. A
total of 19 requests for assistance was responded to during the
year. Additional requests were received mostly from private in-
dustry wishing to acquire staff services on a personal services
contract basis, but this type of arrangement is generally dis-
couraged by the Center.
The international service activities for the year can be di-
vided roughly into four categories. The different categories
with the number of man-months of each were as follows:
Category
Activities by grant staff utilizing 211(d) funds ...
Activities by other staff utilizing 211(d) funds ...
Activities by grant staff utilizing other funds . . . . . .
Activities by other staff utilizing other funds . . . . . .
TOTAL ........................
Man-months
2.5
0.8
6.0
5.3
14.6
The specific people and the international service activities
involved by each category were:
Professor Activities and dates
TOTAL...................... 93(40) 23(9)
Grant staff utilizing 211(d) funds
E.W. Shell
1
Number of foreign student graduates indicated in parenthesis.
Visit Southeast Asian institutions and
FAO, Rome, to establish contacts and de-
velop programs, March 3-12, 1976.
11
R.O. Smitherman
Other staff utilizing 211(d) funds
L.L. Lovshin Consult with Peruvian Government re-
garding South American fish culture de-
velopments, February 9-15, 1976.
R.D. Rouse Visit Southeast Asian institutions and
FAO, Rome, to establish contacts and de-
velop programs, March 3-12, 1976.
Grant staff utilizing other funds
E.W. Shell Philippines to advise on feasibility of relo-
cating and expanding University of Philip-
pines fisheries education prbgram (AIS/W),
July 25-August 9, 1975.
Japan and Philippines to develop linkages
and programs (AID/ea-180), February 21-
March 3, 1976.
D.D. Moss Colombia to develop plans for fisheries
training for government fisheries per-
sonnel (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O. 5 and
T.O. 9), August 3-13, 1975, and April
21-May 1, 1976.
Jamaica to review project proposal
(AID/W), August 13-29, 1975.
J.R. Snow Colombia to develop plans for fisheries
training for government fisheries per-
sonnel (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O. 5) Au-
gust 3-9, 1975.
B.L. Duncan Central African Republic evaluation of
Peace Corps Fisheries program (AID/ta-
BOA-1152, T.O. 7), July 31- August 31,
1975.
El Salvador USAID Mission project work
(AID/la-688), February 29-March 4,
1976.
Honduras project development tasks
(AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O. 8), March 4-22,
1976.
R.P. Phelps Colombia project development (AID/ta-
1152), T.O. 9, April 21-May 1, 1976.
Other staff utilizing other funds
R.D. Rouse Japan and Philippines to visit Southeast
Asian institutions and develop programs
(AID/ea-180), February 21-March 3,
1976.
R.I. Barnhisel Philippines special consultant on acid soil
conditions in fishponds (AID/ea-180),
January 5-18, 1976.
12
H.R. Schmittou
J.H. Grover
El Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico, to advise of-
ficials on aquacultural research pro-
cedures with tilapia and channel catfish,
August 10-15, 1976.
Japan and Thailand to attend FAO Tech-
nical Conference on Aquaculture and
conduct aquaculture survey in Thailand,
May 24-June 24, 1976.
Bogota, Colombia, to develop plans for
fisheries training for government fisheries
personnel, August 3-16, 1975.
J.A. Plumb
W.A. Rogers
D.F. Leary
D.G. Hughes
Hawaii project review on milkfish repro-
duction (AID/W), May 6-8, 1976.
Indonesia project development in Lam-
pung Province (AID/ta-BOA-1152), July
1-5, 1975.
Japan FAO Technical Aquaculture Con-
ference (AID/ea-180), May 25-June 6,
1976.
Ghana and Ivory Coast Regional Aquacul-
ture Conference (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O.
2), September 26-October 6, 1976.
Peru consulting with USAID (AID/ta-
BOA-1152,T.O. 2),June 5-9, 1976.
Japan FAO Technical Aquaculture Con-
ference (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O. 2), May
24-June 4, 1976.
Canada parasite and disease program (P &
D Proj.), August 20-23, 1975.
Germany scientific conference (P & D
Proj.), August 24-31, 1976.
Japan FAO Technical Aquaculture Con-
ference (AID/ea-180), May 25-June 5,
1976.
Panama and Colombia with USAID pro-
ject work (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O. 5),
July 31-August 16, 1975.
In addition to the international service activities discussed
above, the Center has provided 72 man-months of technical
assistance to four international development projects overseas.
Six Center staff were assigned to these projects full time. In
addition, 12 man-months of technical backstopping support
was provided by the Center on campus. Funds for this techni-
cal backstopping came from the individual projects and were
utilized in the support of three different staff members. These
projects were: (1) a USAID-supported aquaculture develop-
ment project in Northeast Brazil (AID/la-1152, T.O. 2 ICA),
(2) a USAID-supported aquaculture production project in
fresh, brackish, and extension fisheries work in the Philippines
(AID/ea-180-ICA), (3) an aquaculture development project in
El Salvador, and (4) a freshwater aquaculture development pro-
ject in Mid-Western State, Nigeria, supported by the Nigerian
Government. The Brazilian and Nigerian projects are expected
to continue through FY 77. The Philippines project will phase
out one of the three positions July 1,1976.
It is expected that negotiations in progress will lead to long
term projects in Indonesia, Colombia, Jamaica, and possibly
Honduras in the near future.
Man-months of overseas activities performed by grant-
funded staff each year since the inception of the grant are
given below:
Year
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
FY 1971 .......... ...........
FY 1973........ . . . . . . .. . . . .
FY 1975.. ...................
FY 1976..................
Man-months
9.8
8.0
3.0
4.5
7.7
14.6
L.L. Lovshin
R.P. Phelps
APPENDIX
Publications Resulting from
Activity of Grant-funded Staff
BOYD, C. E. AND. J. R. SNOW. 1975. Fertilizing Farm Fish Ponds.
Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Leaf. 88. 6 p.
BOYD, C. E. 1976. Accumulation of Dry Matter, Nitrogen, and Phos-
phorus by Cultivated Water Hyacinths. Econ. Bot. 30:51-56.
BOYD, C. E. 1976. Chemical and Textural Properties of Muds from
Different Depths in Ponds. Hydrobiologia 48:141-144.
BOYD, C. E. 1976. Fertilizing Farm Fish Ponds. Auburn Univ. (Ala.)
Agr. Exp. Sta. Highlights of Agr. Res. 23(2):8.
BOYD, C. E. 1976. Liming Farm Fish Ponds. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr.
Exp. Sta. Leaf. 91. 7 p.
BOYD, C. E. 1976. Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Production of Tilapia
in Ponds Fertilized with Phosphorus and Potassium. Aquaculture
7:385-390.
CRAWFORD, K. W., V. L. MURPHY, AND E. W. McCOY. 
1975. A
Cost Comparison of Selected Agricultural Protein Sources. Auburn
Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Highlights of Agr. Res. 22(4):11.
CRAWFORD, K. W. 1976. Factors Affecting Catfish Production in
West-Central Alabama. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Highlights
of Agr. Res. 23(2):9.
CREMER, M. C. 1975. Identification, Distribution, Relative Abun-
dance and Culture of Anguillid Eels of Northern Luzon, Philippines.
M.S. thesis, Auburn Univ.
DUNCAN, B. L. 1975. Review of Peace Corps Fisheries Program in the
Central African Republic. Auburn Univ. Dept. Fish. and Allied
Aquacult. Rep. (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O. 7). 16 p.
DUNCAN, B. L. 1976.Honduras Aquaculture Development Project. Au-
burn Univ. Dept. Fish. and Allied Aquacult. Rep. (AID/ta-BOA-
1152, T.O. 8). 25 p.
JENSON, J. W. 1976. Progress Report on Fisheries Development in Bra-
zil. Auburn Univ. Intern. Center for Aquacult. Res. and Dev. Ser.
No. 10 (AID/ta-BOA-115 2, T.O. 2). 7 p.
LEARY, D. F. AND R. T. LOVELL. 1975. Value of Fiber in Produc-
tion-type Diets for Channel Catfish. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.
104:328-322.
LOVELL, R. T. 1975. Environment-related off-flavors in Intensively
Cultured Fish. Pages 259-262 in R. Krouzer, ed. Fishery Products.
Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London.
LOVELL, R. T. 1975. Nutritional Diseases in Intensively Cultured Cat-
fish. Pages 721-731 in W. E. Ribelin and G. Moagki, eds. The Path-
ology of Fishes. Univ. of Wisc. Press, Madison, Wisc.
LOVELL, R. T. 1975. Developing Marine Resources. Pages 9-13 in
D. P. Thomas, ed. Debate Issues. National Textbooks Co., Skokie,
Ill.
LOVELL, R. T. 1975. Fish Feed and Nutrition. Com. Fish Farmer
1(6):26.
LOVELL, R. T. 1975. Least-cost Fish Feeds. Com. Fish Farmer
2(1):26.
LOVELL, R. T. 1975. Workshop IV: A Special Report. Com. Fish
Farmer 2(2):36-37.
LOVELL, R. T., E. E. PRATHER, J. TRES-DICK, AND L. CHHORN.
1975. Effects of Addition of Fish Meal to All-plant Feeds on Diet-
ary Protein Needs of Channel Catfish. Proc. 28th Ann Conf. S. E.
Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. 28:222-228.
LOVELL, R. T. 1976. Formulating Fish Feeds. Com. Fish Farmer
2(3):42-43.
LOVELL, R. T. 1976. Energy in Fish Rations. Com. Fish Farmer
2(4):40-41.
MCCOY, E. W., J. L. BOUTWELL, AND K. W. CRAWFORD. 1976.
Preparation of a Financial Budget for Fish Production: Catfish Pro-
duction in Areas with Level Land and Adequate Ground Water. Au-
burn Univ. Dept. Agr. Econ. and Rural Soc. Paper. 73 p.
McVEA, C. AND C. E. BOYD. 1975. Effects of Waterhyacinth Cover
on Water Chemistry, Phytoplankton, and Fish in Ponds. J. Environ.
Qual. 4:375-378.
MOSS, D. D. 1975.Jamaica Fish Culture Development Project. Auburn
Univ. Dept. Fish. and Allied Aquacult. Rep. (AID/W). 22p.
PAMATMAT, M. M. 1975. In situ Metabolism of Benthic Communities.
Cah. Biol. Mar. 16:613-633.
PARKMAN, R. W. 1976. An Overview of Fish Marketing in El Salva-
dor. M.S. thesis, Auburn Univ.
PARKS, R. W., E. SCARSBROOK, AND C. E. BOYD. 1975. Phyto-
plankton and Water Quality in a Fertilized Fish Pond. Auburn Univ.
Ala.) Agr. Exp. 
Sta. Cir. 224. 
16 p.
Aspects of the Columbia Fisheries Development Loan. Auburn
Univ. Intern. Center for Aquacult. Rep. (AID/ta-BOA-1152, T.O.5)
20 p.
PHELPS, R. P., AND D. D. MOSS. 1976. Progress in Columbian
Fisheries Development. Auburn Univ. Intern. Center for Aquacult.
Rep. (AID/ta-BOA-1 152, T.O.9). 13 p.
SIRIKUL, B. AND R. T. LOVELL. 1975. Winter Feeding of Channel
Catfish. Proc. 28th Ann. Conf. S. E. Assoc. Game and Fish Comm.
(in press).
SNOW, J R. 1975. Hatchery Propagation of the Black Basses. Pages
344-356 in R. H. Stoud and H. Clepper, eds. Black Bass Biology and
Management. Sport Fishing Institute, Wash., D.C.
SNOW, J. R. AND C. F. WRIGHT. 1975. Rearing Largemouth Bass Fin-
gerlings in Cages. Proc. 29th Ann. Conf. S. E. Assoc. Game and Fish
Comm. (in press).
TUCKER, C. S. 1976. The Effect of Potassium Permanganate on Oxy-
gen Demand, Bacteria, and Phytoplankton. M.S. thesis, Auburn
Univ.
WRIGHT, L. D. AND J. R. SNOW. 1975. The Effect of Six Chemicals
for Disinfection of Largemouth Bass Eggs. Prog. Fish-Cult.
37:213-217.
13
Visitors Seeking Information
on International Development
Name Date
Mr. Abraham Gaduang
Mr. Joemari Gerochi
Administrative Officers
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources
Manila, Philippines
Dr. Larry Wilson
Fisheries Biologist
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Mrs. Elizabeth Samson
Miss Florentina Tan
Management Analysts and Planners
Department of Natural Resources
Quezon City, Philippines
Dr. A. Navarat
Assistant Professor
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary Science
Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, Thailand
Mr. George Winston Miller
Fisheries Officer
Government of Belize
Belize, Central America
Dr. Stanislas F. Snieszko
Senior Scientist
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Leetown, West Virginia
Dr. F. P. Meyer
Director, Fish Control Lab
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
La Cross, Wisconsin
Miss Michael Libin
Kibbutz Maayan Zwi
D.N. Hof-Hacarmal
Israel
Mr. R. Grant Gilmore
Marine Biologist
Harbor Branch Foundation
Ft. Pierce, Florida
Mr. and Mrs. James Miller
FAO Aquaculture Project
Bangui, Central African Republic
Ms. Meredith Olsen
Student from Puerto Rico
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Dr. and Mrs. Ernest Williams
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Mr. Heine Rune Skoldal, Acting
Director
Lindaspollene Ecosystem Analysis
Biological Station
Espergrend, Norway
Mr. Eugeniusz A. Poplawski
30 Pot 81-813
25A Malapolska St
Poland
Dr. Glenn Hoffman
Parasitologist
USFWS Fish Farming Experiment
Station
Stuttgart, Arkansas
14
August 22-26, 1975
September 7, 1975
October 6-18, 1975
October 20-22, 1975
October 21-24, 1975
November 6-7, 1975
November 6-7, 1975
November 12-16, 1975
December 1, 1975
December 8-1, 1975
December 12, 1975-
January 6, 1976
December 12, 1975-
January 6, 1976
January 3, 1976
January 29-30, 1976
January 30, 1976
Prof. Dan Popper
Department of Zoology
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel
Dr. Steve Gage
Aquaculture Coordinator
Goddard College
Plainfield, Vermont
Mr. Neysa Cortes
Director of Education and
Mental Health Service
Mayaguez Medical
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Mr. Richard C. Cortes
Research Associate in Fisheries
and Aquaculture
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Dr. Francisco Pagan
Director of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Mr. Gill Chambers
Baytown Petroleum Research
Laboratory
Exxon Research and Engineering
Company
P.O. Box 4255
Baytown, Texas
Mr. Douglas Falzett, D.g.p.
President, El Pez Volador,
P.O. Box 2180
San Jose, Costa Rica
Dr. Hussein El-Ibiary
Mr. John Joyce
Catfish Genetics Program
Skidaway Institute
University of Georgia
Savannah, Georgia
Mr. David Pearce
President, Alabama Catfish
Farmers
Browns, Alabama
Mr. O. L. Green
Fish Farming Extension Agent
Marion Fish Hatchery
Marion, Alabama
Mr. Fred J. Laney
Foreign Training Officer
National Marine Fisheries
Service (NOAA)
Rockville, Maryland
Dr. Pietro Ghittino
University of Torino
Torino, Italy
Mr. Victor Smith
Virgin Islands
Mr. Laurence Taylor
3046 Cleveland
Montgomery, Alabama
Mr. Antoine K. Djedje
(Student, Jamaica)
Tuskegee Institute
Tuskegee, Alabama
Sgt. John Anderson
4232 E. Lawnwood Drive
Montgomery, Alabama
February 11-12, 1976
February 16, 1976
February 17, 1976
Consultation Service
February 17, 1976
February 17, 1976
February 25-26, 1976
March 17-19, 1976
March 29-30, 1976
April 1, 1976
April 1, 1976
April 1-2, 1976
May 4-6, 1976
May 9-10, 1976
April 12, 1976
April 12, 1976
April 12, 1976
Mr. Abdoce Rahman Cisse
B.P. 421 Dakar
Senegal, West Africa
Dr. James Avault
Louisiana State University
249 Ag Center
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Dr. and Mrs. J.D. Drilon, Jr.
Director
Southeast Asian Regional Center
For Graduate Study and
Research in Aquaculture
College, Laguna 3720
Philippines
Dr. Drashan S. Padda, Director
Agricultural Experiment Station
Box 920, Kingshill, St. Croix
U.S. Virgin Islands
Dr. J. Olah
Mr. Jozsef Kovacs
State Farm
Bikal, Hungary
Dr. Bela A. G. Entz
Principal Research Officer
Hydrobiologist
Biological Research Mst.
Hungary Acadamy Science
Tihany, Hungary
April 12, 1976
April 15-16, 1976
May 30-June 2, 1976
June 10, 1976
June 15-17, 1976
June 15-17, 1976
Dr. Janos Bakos
Senior Research Worker
Fish Culture
Research Institute
Hungary
Mr. Zoltan Raki
Veterinarian, Senior Officer
Research and Training Department
Ministry of Agriculture
P.O. Box 1
1860 Budapest 55
Hungary
Mr. Andras Ruttkay
Fish Culture Research Station
5541 Szarvas, Hungary
Mr. Idelisa Bonnelly de Calventi
Centro de Investigaciones
Cibima de Biologia Marina
Universidad Antonioma de
USAD Santa Domingo
Washington Avenue
Guibia, Santo Domingo
Dominican Republic
Mr. Porficio R. Manacop
Engr. Rolando Platon
SEAFDEC
Tigbauan, Iloilo
Philippines
Mr. Asim Jamal Mohamed Ahmed
Mid Nite Corporation
P.O. Box 1354
Khartoum
Sudan
June 15-17, 1976
June 15-17, 1976
June 15-17, 1976
June 16-17, 1976
June 17-19, 1976
June 24, 1976
15