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CONTENTS
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BACKGROUND OF GRANT ----------------------------------------------- 3
GRANT OBJECTIVES --------------------------------------------------------- 3
PERSONNEL OF THE PROJECT----------------------------------- ------------ 4
ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING THE YEAR--------------------------------- 4
Research Activities--------------------------------------------------------- 4
Research by Foreign Graduate Students ------------------- 6
Publications -------------------------------------------------------- 7
Teaching Activities ------------------ ---------------------- 7
Library Acquisitions ---------------------------------------------- 8
IMPACT OF GRANT-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES IN
ACHIEVING GRANT PURPOSE ------------------------------ 8
UTILIZATION OF INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE
CAPABILITIES IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ----------------- 10
OTHER RESOURCES FOR GRANT-RELATED ACTIVITIES-----------14
Published 10/76-1M
Auburn University is an equal opportunity employer.
The International Center for Aquaculture- Annual Report for 1975
E. W. SH-ELL
F lNDIiN( FRO iM 19 resear ch projects, each with the o1)
jective of increasing efficiciicy of some phase of fish piroduc-
tion, highlight 1975 Noik by the Interniational Center for
Aquacultui e at Auhni n Un iversity. Each of the pr ojects
receixved suppot tunder thc giant, AllI) csd 2780, under1(
wich the Internation al Cen ter -,vas establlished at the Ala-
ham a A giicultural Experimnit S tation in 1970)1 undter aucithor-
ity conitainecd iii Section 211 (di) of tihe Foreigni Assistanice
Act (of 1961. International ser vice activities and techn Iical
assist ance to intern atioll a dev elopment p 01 ct s oxveirseas also
received emphasis during theYer
BACKGROUND OF GRANT
Estahlishiment of the Inter national ('entci at AXubuiin Ui-
versity and funding of the oxvera
1
l pi oject, "To) Stirengthien
Specialized Competenc - in Aquaculture," reflect (1I) the
importance (of acluacuiltui ( in) dcxelopiwg nations of the xx (1(,
and (2) Auhurn 1 nix cisitx's cWm
1
)ctence and xso lclxxide
leadership in fisheries.
Acquacultui e is b~ecoming increasin Igly important in de-
velopitng coulitries as at idleats of prov idling more of the 1)o-
tein needed for adequate (liets and1 as an impor tant con-
trbuit ion to economic grfi 1. It it ii c s inifertile landsl andc
runoff sx'aters, along xxithi agricultuiral xxastces and suipluses,
to intensively groxx crops(of high qfuality p)rotein) in tile form
of fish anti otheir aq
1
uatic animials, thus gi (atl "xv increasitng the
ab~ility tof ech cotinti s to suippls tli' 
1
)1oteiii needs (of its
oxvt people. Aquacultut e can he used to groxv high (Itiality
piroteiii locally xxher e it is most needed, therebx reducing
the cost of trainspor tation, piocessing, aii irefrigeration. It
also piovides additional nceeed income auid emplovieiit for
farmers.
Auburn University has receiv ed xvot ldxxide recognition for
its leacdeiship in xvarmxvatei fisheries geiieirally and aqjuacud-
ture specifically. The Univeirsits is committed to assist de-
veltoping inationls to increaste their supplies (of high quality
pr oteiin and improve their ccoinom ic xx elI 1 si cig thriocgiiigh
proved methods of aq uaculItutre. N o other Ameirican ui-
versity presently has such at high capalbilitv of proxviding this
type of assistance.
Axvaircing of the girant p)rovided tile resouirces for stirength-
cuing Aubuirn University 's reseairch aiiclteaching pirograms
in aquaculture and its seesvice capablilities for consultation
and traiinig in tile field. This increased competence xwill
allow tlse Internastioinal Center to he oIf greater seirvice
throughout the xworldl in contrib~utiing towvard acquacultui al
development. Receiving special atteintion under tile granlt
*Head, Departmient of Fisheries anti Allied Aquacultiires, antI
Director, Iiiterinational Center for Aquacultiire
'A4greement signed Juine 25, 1970, by Johsn H. Hannah, for
All), aid President H arry Ml. Philpott, for Auhuim U~niversitN
programn is the development of methods and procedures of
making tile University's competence in aquaculture more
reasdily available for those who need it.
GRANT OBJECTIVES
Auhurn Uniiversity proposes the following objectives as
being (If paiai unibit importance in strengthening the com-
pecteince (If tlse Inteirnationial Center for Aquaculture.
1To add to the faculty experts with competence in se-
lectecd fields wvho can provxide broad technical assistance in
aquacultui e to developing nations.
2. To develop a library containing worldwide literature on
-Ii;
$1
Aquoculture research in the Philippines by Auburn trained staff.
aquaculture and more effective methods of disseminating in-
formation on aquaculture.
3. To provide training and educational opportunities
through short courses, symposia, and University courses for
professional staff members of USAID, other federal agencies,
and private foundations; for students interested in careers in
international development; for Peace Corps Volunteers; and
for foreign nationals.
4. To develop a worldwide collection of data on important
food fishes and other aquatic organisms presently cultured
or that appear suitable for culture.
PERSONNEL OF THE PROJECT
Personnel funded under the grant are listed below, with
amount of time devoted to the grant project indicated:
Name
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. D. D. Moss
Dr. R. Allison
Mr. J. R. Hubbard
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Dr. E. W. McCoy
Dr. M. M. Pamatmat
Mr. E. E. Prather
Dr. R. O. Smitherman
Mr. J. R. Snow
Dr. W. D. Davies
Mr. R. K. Goodman
Ms. E. W. Scarsbrook
Mr. B. N. Burrow
Mr. C. D. Depoister
Mr. J. P. Pugh
Ms. C. B. Sherrer
Ms. C. B. Hawke
Ms. E. C. Talley
Ms. P. M. Argo
Ms. L. S. Stonicher
Ms. T. N. Tilson
Ms. A. C. Tucker
Mr. D. E. Alston
Mr. R. L. Busch
Mr. J. A. Chappell
Mr. C. Lim
Mr. V. E. Mezainis
Mr. P. 
W. Perschbacher
Mr. R. P. Phelps
Mr. E. H. Robinson
Mr. C. S. Tucker
Mr. J. L. Williamson
Position
Director
Assistant Director
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Assistant Professor
Research Associate
Research Associate
Technical Assistant
Technical Assistant
Technical Assistant
Senior Clerk
Typist A
Typist
Typist
Typist
Typist
Typist
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Man-months
4.2
1.3
2.8
1.4
2.6
2.1
7.2
0.4
6.9
8.0
0.8
0.5
6.0
1.5
2.3
0.5
5.3
1.3
9.9
0.6
2.3
1.2
5.7
1.71
4.0
0.7
0.3
3.7
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.1
SAll graduate research assistants are generally expected to spend
1/3 time on activities related to their stipend and under normal
circumstances do not contribute more than 4.0 man-months to a
project in a year.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING THE YEAR
Research Activities
Specific experiments completed in FY 1975 which re-
ceived support under this grant are summarized in the fol-
lowing paragraphs. The pond experiments were all designed
to evaluate possible techniques which would give greater
or more efficient fish production. Fish pathology projects and
processing and marketing studies were aimed at providing
advances in these areas.
Aquaculture
One experiment, conducted in 12 aerated concrete ponds
each 0.005 acre, was to monitor water quality and deter-
mine the amount of Tilapia aurea that could be produced
[ 4
with different feed formulations and stocking rates. Treat-
ments were stocking at 400 per pond and giving pelleted
feed; 200 per pond with pelleted feed; 200 per pond with
non-pelleted feed of the same formulation; and 100 per pond
with pelleted feed. The experiment continued for 107 days.
Feed conversion ratios (weight of feed:weight increase of
fish) varied from 0.9:1 to 1.7:1. Net gains avaraging in
excess of 17,000 pounds per acre were achieved, with the
higher stocking rates giving the highest net yields but least
efficient feed utilization. Results showed no significant dif-
ferences between pelleted and non-pelleted feeds. (Allison
and Smitherman)
Striped bass fry were cultured in twelve 7.6-liter hatching
jars and twelve 38-liter aquaria set up on recirculating water
systems. Effects of diet, salinity, and container on survival
and growth were tested. Data obtained from daily mortality
counts and weekly growth samples showed no significant
differences in survival between container shapes or levels of
salinity. Fry survived and grew significantly better (P .01)
on the brine shrimp diet than on the dry feed diet. Growth
of fry was significantly better (P = .01) in aquaria than in
jars. There was no difference in growth rates 
of fry cul-
tured in the two salinity levels. (Shell)
Light attraction experiments to determine the effects of
wave length and intensity of light on striped bass fry be-
havior were conducted at night. Using a high intensity lamp,
colored filters, and a voltage regulator, it was determined
that fry were attracted to light of moderate intensities. Light
of low intensity was not powerful enough to attract fry,
while fry appeared to avoid intense light. No difference
was observed in behavior of fry to light of various wave
lengths. (Shell)
An experiment was conducted from October to December
1974 to determine if clomiphene citrate would induce gonadal
development in channel catfish. Feed containing the chemi-
cal was fed to males and females in separate ponds. Five
females were sacrificed at 2-week intervals and the degree
of gonadal development (Gonadal Somatic Index) deter-
mined for each. Males were sacrificed only at the end of
the experiment. Control fish were treated in the same
manner except no chemical was incorporated in their feed.
There was no difference in gonadal development of the fish
fed the chemical and control fish. (Busch)
Disc gel electrophoresis of serum proteins of Tilapia aurea
was used to determine if any sex-related differences existed
in the electropherograms. Analysis of the number of bands,
frequency, and position of these bands will be continued
with greater numbers of fish in the hope that differentiation
of males and females will be possible. (Smitherman and
Hardin)
A polyculture experiment with channel catfish (3,000 per
acre) as the principal species in the system and various
stocking combinations with tilapia, hybrid buffalo, and Israeli
carp was conducted from March to October 1974 in twenty-
two, 0.1-acre earthen ponds. Fish growth, temperature,
oxygen, and water hardness data were recorded periodically.
All ponds were limed, and food was kept constant in all
treatments. Results indicated no effective competition of
tilapia with channel catfish at the lower stocking rate of
tilapia (250 per acre), and tilapia represented an extra 200
pounds per acre of harvestable size fish. Larger tilapia fed
on the pellets but channel catfish preyed on tilapia repro-
duction thereby offsetting any food loss. Hybrid buffalo
1EF
4'%, ~
Pond-raised silver carp are regarded by some as the "miracle fish"
for the developing world.
stocked both at 100 adults per acre or 1,000 fingerlings per
acre decreased channel catfish yields, as did Israeli carp
stocked at both 40 and 100 per acre. (Smitherman and
Pretto)
Fry (9-11 millimeter) of Tilapia aurea xwere orally admin-
istered androgen (Ethynyltestosterone) or estrogen (Es-
trone). The fish were then reared in concrete tanks and
earthen ponds. Sex ratio and growth rate were dete-mined.
Fish treated with androgen were 9:3 to 100 percent male,
but estrogen-treated fish had normal sex ratios. Growth of
hormone-treated fish from May to October 1974 was similar
to that of control fish. (Shelton)
Food habits of channel catfish, adult and fingerlilg hy1l)rid
buffalofish, Tilapia aurca, and Israeli carp were studied ill
polvculture. Studies of the stomach contents of these fishes
in May, July, and October revealed that supplemental feed
was the primary food of the chainiel catfish in polyculture.
Supplemental feed became increasingly more important to
the tilapia, hybrid buffalofish, and Israeli carp as the total
weight of fish in the ponds increased. In October, tilapia
remains were found in only I percent of the channel catfish.
This low percentage was believed to be tlhe result of low
water temperatures. (Sm ithrman and Williamnson)
Three different aeration devices were evaluated in 0.1-
acre ponds in terms of catfish and tilapia prodhiction, main-
tenance of water quality, and power requirements. Produc-
tivity varied from 4,998 to 4,789 pounds per acre. Convr-
sion ratios were similar in all ponds, approximatelv 1.4:1.
Average percentage of harvestable fish per pond varied from
65.5 to 69.6. Maximum feed was in excess of 2,300 pounds
per acre, much in excess of 
wxvhat is possible without aeration.
During the last 59 days of the experiment, a daily average
of 59 pounds per acre was fed. Dissolved oxygen profiles
and flow patterns showed some (lifferences with depth and
type of aerating device. Power consumption approached a
cost comparable with other production costs, ran ging from
$0.03 to $0.07 per pound of fish produced. (Allisoin)
A comparison of the production of channel catfish andi a
hvbrid (blue X channel) catfish was made in earthen ponds.
The fish were compared for survival, food comnersion, giowth,
size uniformity, dresscxut percentage, and chemical composi-
tion. Significant dlifrciences exist('d between the two fishes,.
1
,*
T
with the hybrid being superior in all phases except for
greater fat content. (Smitherman and Yant)
Fish Nutrition
Although catfish can absorb adequate 
calcium from water,
they must have dietary phosphorus for optimum growth rate
in ponds. All-plant diets containing 0.69 percent total P or
0.22 percent available P did not allow for maximum growth
by channel catfish in earthen ponds; however, when 0.3 per-
cent phosphorus from CaHPO
4 
was added to the all-plant
diet to bring the available P level up to 0.52 percent, maxi-
mum growth rate by the channel catfish was obtained. Higher
supplemental levels of P did not result in improved growth.
(Lovell and Prather)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) was previously demonstrated
to be essential in the diet for channel catfish grown in cages
or artificial environments. During 1972-74, feeding studies
were conducted to determine the necessity of vitamin C in
pond feeds for channel catfish stocked at 2,000 to 10,000
per acre. Vitamin C was not necessary in practical feeds
when fish were stocked up to 4,000 per acre (yield of 3,700
pounds per acre), as indicated by lack of differences in
growth, incidences of deformed spinal columns, hemorrhagic
tissues, alkaline phosphatase activity, blood or kidney levels
of ascorbic acid, or susceptibility to bacterial infections be-
tween catfish fed vitamin C in the feed and those fed no
vitamin C. IHowever, when stocking density was increased
to 10,000 per acre (in pens along the edge of large ponds)
poorer growth, deformed backs, 
and higher mortalities from
bacterial infection were found in fish not receiving vitamin
C in the feed. (Locell)
WVhen ethvlcellulose coated ascorbic acid was used in
pelleted fish feeds, an average of 84 percent of the vitamin
activity remained following the pelleting 
process; however,
following extrusion, an average of 66.5 per cent of the
activity remained. With non-coated ascorbic acid, 49 per-
cent of the activity remained following pelleting huit none
after extrusion. After 4 months' storage at ambient tempera-
ture, 23.9 percent of the vitamin was recovered from the
pelleted feeds and 21.7 percent from the extruded feed.
(Lorcll)
Floating and sinking forms of Auburn No. 4 catfish feed
formula were fed to channel catfish, stocked at 3,000 per
acre, for 200 days in 3.5-acre (floating feed) and 12.5-acre
(sinking feed) ponds. Feeding rates were similar to those pre-
viously used in 1 10-acre ponds when fish fed this feed in
pellet form gained 0.98 pound each (2,950 pounds per acre).
Average gain by the fish fed the floating feed in the large
pond was 0.77 pound. Gain by fish 
fed the sinking feed in
the large pond, estimated by seine sampling, was 0.72 pound
or 93.6 percent of that by the fish fed the floating pellets.
(Prathcr and Locll)
Pound-size channel catfish which had previously been fed
intensively for 6 months were weighed, measured, and placed
back into nine I l10-acre earthen ponds at the rate of 2,000
per acre. The fish were managed through the winter until
the following March 4 on one of three feeding regimes: no
feeding; feeding 1 percent of fish weight on alternate days;
and feeding 1 percent of fish weight only on "warm" days
or when water temperature at a 3-foot depth wvas above
54' F. Fish not fed lost 9 percent of their weight during
the 100-day overwinter period. Those fed on alternate days
received feed on 51 days and gained 23 percent, and those
fed on "wanrm" days received feed 52 days and gained 19
percent. Condition factors increased for both groups of fed
fish but decreased for the non-fed fish. Non-fed fish lost
weight and also had the highest percentage of body fat, in-
dicating that a significant amount of tissue protein was de-
graded for energy needs. The protein content of the fed
fish was higher and the fat content was lower than that
usually found in summer-fed fish. (Lovell)
Aquatic Ecology
Benthic community metabolism was studied in two earthen
ponds (densely stocked with channel catfish) to better un-
derstand the problem of organic decomposition and conse-
quent depletion of dissolved oxygen in bottom water. The
role of the bottom mud and its associated biotic community
in the consumption of oxygen needs to be clarified in order
to better evaluate different ways of alleviating low oxygen
conditions in bottom water. The bottom water below a
depth of 5 feet in one of the ponds became anoxic as early
as June. The benthic community may have been supplied
with a small amount of oxygen through mixing of bottom
water with overlying water, but this has not been assessed.
In any case, metabolic activity of benthos in ponds with
anoxic bottom water during the fish-growing season must be
measured by methods dealing with anaerobic metabolism.
(Pamatmat)
Fish Pathology
Channel catfish populations were immunized against
Ichthyophthirius by exposure to controlled numbers of the
parasite and by injections with ground trophozoites. Exposed
and injected fish were challenged with 20 trophozoites per
fish. Mortality in controls, 20 trophozoites exposure, 40
trophozoites exposure, and ground trophozoites was 100, 6.6,
0, and 0 percent, respectively. (Allison)
Processing and Marketing
Buffalofish and tilapia, which had been grown in com-
bination with channel catfish in polycultures, were mechani-
cally deboned along with channel catfish on a Bibun bone
separating machine. A 7-millimeter diameter hole in the
extrusion cylinder of the machine was satisfactory for separat-
ing the flesh from the bone of all three fish species. No
significant amounts of bone or scale were left in the flesh.
Particle size of the minced flesh was relatively large, which
allowed for favorable texture when cooked. Scaling prior
to deboning was not necessary. Important for high quality
minced flesh were: processing soon after the fish died, pre-
washing with chlorine solution, removal of black peritoneium
in tilapia, and removal of skin pigment of catfish with a
hot alkali prior to deboning. Yields, expressed as percentage
of whole fish, were 50.5 for buffalofish, 39.7 for tilapia, and
43.7 for channel catfish. All species were highly acceptable
in various consumer-type products when evaluated by a
taste panel. (Lovell)
During the last 3 years, a comprehensive chemical evalua-
tion of the nutritional composition of farm-raised catfish was
made. These data are presented in tabular form following
the format used in USDA Handbook No. 8, "Composition
of Foods." The tables include protein, fat, energy, water,
ash, Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine,
cholesterol, amino acids, and fatty acids. All nutrients re-
quired by F.D.A. for nutritional labeling of consumer foods
are provided. (Lovell)
Technology was developed for making a flaked aquarium
fish feed that (1) contained fish processing waste, (2) floated
and was stable in water, (3) was palatable to several species
of aquarium fishes, (4) was nutritionally adequate for
growth, and (5) produced pigmentation in ornamental
aquarium fish. The following formula was equal to an
expensive commercial flaked fish feed in all aspects: catfish
waste (or marine fish) meal, 15 percent; shrimp meal, 15
percent; dehulled soybean meal, 45 percent; rice polishings
(or rice bran), 9 percent; wheat bran, 7 percent; marine
fish oil, 4 percent; marigold petal meal, 0.113 percent; and
a complete vitamin supplement. (Lovell)
Research by Foreign Graduate Students
Fifteen foreign students received graduate degrees from
Auburn University during the year. Each student was re-
quired to submit a thesis or dissertation based on his original
research. Although none of these students was supported
directly on grant funds, all utilized equipment and supplies,
benefited from the availability of field labor, or received
guidance and information from staff time which was pur-
chased with grant funds. Name, country, and title of thesis
or dissertation for each student follows (name of major pro-
fessor follows thesis or dissertation title):
Name
Almazan, Guadiosa
(Philippines)
Apolinario, Catherine
(Philippines)
Arce, Rodolfo
(Philippines)
Augusto, Jose
(Brazil)
Boonyaratpalin, Mali
(Thailand)
Boonyaratpalin, Sitdhi
(Thailand)
Camacho, Arsenio
(Philippines)
Dela Cruz, Catalino
(Philippines)
Fortes, R. D.
(Philippines)
Hongpromyart, Manoj
(Thailand)
Koonsoongnoen, Vanida
(Thailand)
Potipitak, Kumron
( Thailand)
Thesis or dissertation title
Studies on Oxygen Consumption by Mi-
crobial Organisms during Decomposi-
tion of Aquatic Plants (Boyd)
Recovery and Utilization of Boneless
Flesh Mechanically Separated from Ti-
lapia (Tilapia aurea), Buffalofish (Ictio-
bus cyprinellus x Ictiobus niger), Chan-
nel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Lov-
ell)
Effects of Applications of Agricultural
Limestone on Water Chemistry, Phy-
toplankton Productivity, and Tilapia Pro-
duction in Softwater Ponds (Boyd)
Effects of Inorganic Fertilization on
Phytoplankton in Fed Catfish Ponds
(Boyd)
Development of Flaked Feeds for Aquar-
ium Fish (Lovell)
Movement of Largemouth Bass in Re-
lation to a Thermally Influenced Area on
the Coosa River (Shelton)
Characterization of Thiamine Deficien-
cies in Channel Catfish Heated and Non-
heated Catfish Processing Wastes (Lov-
ell)
The Effect of Water Circulation and
Aeration on Water Quality and Produc-
tivity of Catfish in a Closed System
( Allison)
Studies on Chlorophyll in Pond Waters
(Boyd)
Population Structure and Dynamics of a
Dominant Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigro-
maculatus) Year Class in Lee County
Fishing Lake, Alabama (Davies)
Protein Efficiency Ratios of Catfish Proc-
essing Wastes for Channel Catfish Fin-
gerlings (Lovell)
Standing Crop of Oligochaetes Outside
Culture Pens of Channel Catfish (Pamat-
mat)
[6]
developed by international students.
Sirikul, Boonsong Condition Changes in Harvestable Size
(Thailand) Channel Catfish Held in Ponds Over-
winter under Various Feeding Regimes
(Lovell)
Tangtrongpiros, Manob Effects of Stocking Rates of Channel Cat-
(Thailand) ish on Standing Crops of Oligochaetes
(Annelida) (Pamatmat)
Ventura, Rudolfo A Survey of Methods in Artificial Breed-
(Philippines) ing of Grass Carp (Shelton)
Publications
The following publications have resulted from research
and other professional activities of the grant-funded staff:
D. D. Moss
1974. Design and Plan for an Aquaculture Research Center
in Colombia.
1974. Recommendations Concerning the Development of an
Aquaculture Research Center in Colombia.
AND) R. O. SM\1TIIEMAN. 1974. Evaluation of Proposed
Shrimp Culture Project in Guapi, Cauca, Colombia.
AND M1. C. JOHNSO AND \N . 1). D)A IES. 1975. Summnarv of
Survey Trip to Colombia.
AND) R. O. S1lTIIEHIMAN AND E. L. DIAZ. 1974. Observations
on the Biology of Macrobrachinum amncricanuon Bate from
a Pond Environment in Panama. Proceedings of the Fifth
Annual Workshop of the World Mariculture Society,
4:29-40.
AND F. CIIOLIK, SEI)I\T\10, S. JOYODIAI JI, SUI)Inso, E. W.
McCoY, J. R. SNOw, AND J. 11. GiovErn. 1975. Inland
and lBrackishwater Fishery Expansion Project in Indonesia.
R. Allison (with C. D. Busch and J. L. Koon)
1975. Aerating Catfish Ponds for Increased Production. Pro-
gressice Farimer, April 1975.
1975. Aeration, Water Quality and Catfish Production. Trans.
ASAE, Vol. 17, No. 3:433-4:35.
- I
1975. Paddlewheels for Catfish Pond Aeration. Auburn Univ.
(Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Highlights of Agr. 
Res., Vol. 22,
No. 2.
R. T. Lovell
1974. Nutritional Deficiencies in Intensively-cultured Catfish.
In The Pathology of Fishes. Ed., Ribelin, W. E. and G.
Migaki. The Univ. of Wise. Press, Madison.
AND G. R. AMMERMAN. 1974. Processing Farm-raised Cat-
fish. Southern Coop. Series. Bull. 193 (available from
Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta.).
1974. Effects of Diet Fiber Content on Fish Growth, Nutri-
ent Digestibility, and Water Quality in Practical Catfish
Culture. Proc. Third Fish Nutrition Workshop III, 47:14-
23. Tunnison Fish Laboratory and Cornell University,
Cortland, N.Y., September 1974.
1974. Factors Affecting Optimum Protein Level in Feeds
for Pond Grown Channel Catfish. Proc. Third Fish Nu-
trition Workshop III, 82:54-62. Tunnison Fish Nutrition
Laboratory and Cornell University, Cortland, N.Y. Sep-
tember 1974.
SNow, J. R. AND R. T. LOVELL. 1974. Comparison of Or-
ganoleptic Quality of Largemouth Bass Fed Natural and
Artificial Diets. Prog. Fish. Cult.; 36(4): 217.
1974. How Much Protein in Feeds for Channel Catfish? The
Commercial Fish Farmer and World Aquaculture. 1(4):40.
AND R. O. SMITHERMAN AND E. W. SHELL. 1974. Progress
and Prospects in Fish Farming. In New Protein Foods.
Ed., Altschul, A. M. and H. Wileke. Academic Press, Inc.,
New York and London. (in press)
PRATHER, E. E. AND R. T. LOVELL. 1974. Response of In-
tensively Fed Channel Catfish to Diets Containing Various
Protein-energy Rations. Proc. 27th Ann. Conf. SE Assoc.
Game and Fish Comrs., 27:455.
E. W. McCoy
AND R. T. LOVELL AND G. R. AMMERMAN. 1974. "Process-
ing Economics," Processing Farm-Raised Catfish. Southern
Coop. Series Bull. 193:21-31.
AND K. W. CRAWFORD. 1974. Costs of Overwintering Cat-
fish. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Iighlights of
Agr. Res., Vol. 21, No. 4.
AND K. \V. CRAWFORD). 1975. Alabama Catfish Producers,
Fingerling Producers and Catfish Processors, 1974, a Di-
rectory. Mimeograph Series, Dept. of Agr. Econ. and Rur.
Soc. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta.
AND K. W. CI1AWFOID. 1975. Catfish Are not the Only Fish
in the Pond. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Igh-
lights of Agr. Res., Vol. 22, No. 2.
1975. "Marketing Research and Economics" Freshwater
Foodfish (and Crawfish). Aquatic Food Animal Task Force
R. P. 407.
Mario M. Pamatmat
AND II. R. SKJOLDAL. 1974. Dehydrogenase Activity and
Adenosine Triphohphate Concentration of Marine Sedi-
ments in Lindaspollen, Norway Sarsia, 56:1-12.
E. W. Scarsbrook
BOY),, C. E. AND E. SCASHBOOK. 1974. Effects of Agricul-
tural Limestone oil Phytoplankton Communities in Ponds.
Arch. HIydrobiol., 74:336-:349.
Teaching Activities
Six of the staff members on the grant taught a total of
seven courses during the year and six supervised thesis re-
Laboratory skills are
6tri F"
search projects for graduate students. A summary of teach-
ing activities follows:
Professor
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. D. D. Moss
Dr. R. Allison
Mr. J. R. Hubbard
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Dr. E. W. McCoy
Dr. M. M. Pamatmat
Dr. R. O. Smitherman
Mr. R. K. Goodman
Ms. E. W. Scarsbrook
Courses taught
None
Pond construction
None
Extension methods
Fish nutrition
Fish processing technology
Aquacultural economics
None
Aquaculture
None
Nutrient cycles in aquaculture
No. of
graduate
students
supervised
3
0
4(4)'
0
16(14)
2(1)
4(3)
10(4)
0
0
SNumber in parenthesis indicates number of foreign nationals.
The number of courses taught by grant-funded staff since
the inception of the grant is shown in the following table.
Year
1970-71'(FY 1971)
1971-72 (FY 1972)
1972-73 (FY 1973)_
1973-74 (FY 1974)_-
1974-75 (FY 1975)
TOTAL ..........
Number of courses
6
7
- 8
9
7
37
The International Center utilized grant funds to bring
the following scientists to campus to present seminars and
to consult with staff and graduate students.
Mr. Randy Haygood. Research scientist with the Florida
Department of Natural Resources. Mr. Haygood is an expert
on the culture of freshwater shrimp.
Dr. Marcel Huet. World-renowned expert in aquaculture
from Belgium. Dr. Huet presented several lectures on various
aspects of aquaculture while at Auburn.
Dr. Fred Lee. Dr. Lee is an expert in water quality and
a member of the research staff at the University of Texas at
Dallas.
Dr. S. W. Ling. Dr. Ling is an expert in tropical aqua-
culture. Before retiring he was FAO Regional Fish Culturist
for Asia and the Far East.
Library Acquisitions
During the year 87 books were purchased with grant funds.
Emphasis in selection was given to those on aquaculture,
aquaculture-related subjects, and fishes found in developing
countries. Fifty-five periodicals were acquired. Grant funds
are used only to pay the initial year of a subscription. Other
funds are used to continue the subscriptions.
IMPACT OF GRANT-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES
IN ACHIEVING GRANT PURPOSE
The purpose of the grant is to strengthen the Interna-
tional Center for Aquaculture for greater service to develop-
ing countries. It is evident from the information thus 
far
[8]
presented that reasonable progress is being made in the use
of grant funds to realize the grant purpose. The Interna-
tional Center has been strengthened and the resulting capa-
bility for service is being maintained and enhanced. Further-
more, the increased capacity is being effectively utilized.
Grant funds were utilized during the year to purchase
12.1 man-months of personnel services. These services con-
tributed significantly to the capability of the Center in the
areas of education and training, extending the knowledge
base, advisory capacity, information capacity, and linkages
and networks. Funds were also used to increase library
holdings, to support the activities of the Center staff, and
to provide materials, supplies, and minor items of equipment
utilized in graduate training.
The major contribution of the grant was to provide for
the purchase of approximately 38 man-months of senior-level
(assistant professor and above) staff during the year. These
personnel are key elements in the strengthening of the In-
ternational Center. They are primarily responsible for the
training, extension of the knowledge base, 
advisory services,
and other activities necessary for a vital program.
Virtually all of the grant-funded staff participated in the
expansion of the knowledge base through research and de-
velopment. Results of their activities were published as re-
search papers in recognized scientific journals, as chapters
in monographs or books, as parts of symposia, and as reports
prepared for various USAID Missions and other international
development agencies.
Man-months of personnel services purchased with grant
funds since the beginning of the project are given in the
following table:
Category of personnel
Year
Aca-
demic
and
research
1970-71 (FY 1971)-
1971-72 (FY 1972)_
1972-73 (FY 1973)-
1973-74 (FY 1974)-
1974-75 (FY 1975)-
47.8
38.0
45.2
48.4
44.2
Tech-
nical
secre-
tarial
12.0
22.3
16.1
29.0
30.6
Grad.
res.
assist-
ants
15.2
25.6
16.3
22.4
19.5
Field
and
student
labor
17.6
74.9
65.6
47.9
26.8
Research conducted by foreign students represents an area
of special significance in contributing to expansion of the
knowledge base. Not only did the students contribute new
information to various fields of aquaculture and inland fish-
eries, but they also learned something about using the scien-
tific method for solving practical problems. A total of 14
foreign students received graduate degrees during the year.
Each student was required to submit a thesis or dissertation
based on original research. Although none of these students
was supported directly on grant funds, all utilized equip-
ment and supplies, benefited from the availability of field
labor, or received guidance and information from staff time
which was purchased with grant funds.
Because of the availability of the staff funded from the
grant, the Department has been able to attract a number
of research grants and contracts that it could not otherwise
have handled. In the past year the grant-funded staff was
involved in a number of research projects supported by
state appropriated University funds. Several of these re-
search projects will result in information that will have direct
transferability to developing countries.
Research interests, research projects, and publications of
the grant-funded staff are listed below:
Research interests
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. D. D. Moss
Dr. R. Allison
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Dr. E. W. McCoy
N
res
pro
aquaculture
aquaculture
aquaculture
fish nutrition and fish
processing and technology
aqluacultural economics
Dr. NM. M. Pamatmat pond ecology
Dr. R. O. Smitherinan aquaculture
o. of No. of
earch publica-
iects tions,
1 0
0 6
4 3
Grant-funded staff taught seven courses during the year.
Although the University paid most of the costs for teaching
the courses, use of the grant funds made available more
specialists for teaching these courses. Nine courses per 12-
month academic year would be approximately a full-time
teaching load for one professor if he were supported entirely
by University teaching funds.
Obviously, a single individual could not adequately teach
the wide variety of courses offered. By combining Univer-
sity teaching funds and grant funds to allow joint appoint-
ments, six different teachers (specialists in their respective
fields) were available to teach the courses.
A summary of the information on courses taught and stu-
dents enrolled is presented in the following table:
Mr. J. R. Snow
Dr. W. D. Davies
Mr. R. K. Goodman
Ms. E. W. Scarsbrook
Mr. D. E. Alston
Mr. 11. L. Busch
Mr. J. A. Chappel
Mr. C. Lim
Mr. V. E. Mezainis
Mr. P. W. Perschbacher
Dr. R. P. Phelps
Mr. E. 11. Robinson
Mr. C. S. Tucker
Mr. J. L. Williamson
aquaculture and fish
reproduction
fisheries management
aquaculture
pond ecology
culture of fish food
organisms (with Dr.
J. S. Dendy)
induced spawning of fish
(with Dr. W. L. Shelton)
quantitative inheritance
in fish (with Dr. R. O.
Smithermian )
nutrient requirements of
fish (with Dr. R. T.
Lovell)
oxidation of organic matter
in fish culture ponds
(with Dr. M. MN. Pamatmnat)
effect of grazing by
tilapia on productivity
of phytoplankton (with
Dr. C. E. Boyd)
toxicity of disease control
chemicals to fish
(with Dr. WV. A. Rogers)
nutrient requirements of
cultured fishes (with
Dr. R. T. Lovell)
prevention of oxygen
depletion following
plankton die-offs
(Nwith Dr. C. E. Boyd)
competition for foxod in
polyculture (with lDr.
R. O. Sminitherimain)
2 7
5 3
Quarter
1 1 Summer 1974
Fall 1974
Winter 1975
Spring 1975
1 1- TOTAL -
No. of
courses
8
10
11
9
38
Number of students enrolled
American Foreign
1 0 The graduate training program increased 
dramatically dur-
ing the year. The number of new graduate students ad-
mitted to the program increased from 16 in FY 1974 to 33
1 0 in FY 1975. A significant 
factor in the increase was enroll-
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 0
1 0
1 
1'-
4 wQ
STitles of publications are gix n in the preceding section.
SResearch thesis or dissertation.
The number of publications produced by
staff since the beginning of the grant is shown
ing table:
Year
grant-funded
in the follow-
Number
1970-71 (FY 1971)
1971-72 (FY 1972)
1972-73 (FY 1973)
1973-74 (FY 1974)
1974-75 (FY 1975)
' Beginning in FY 1975, formal reports prepared as a result of
USAID contracts are included in the number of publications. Field experience is required of all students.
Name
2 v4
ment of former Peace Corps Volunteers. The Volunteers
enrolled after completing tours of duty overseas where they
participated in aquaculture and inland fisheries projects.
Grant-funded staff served as major professors for 14 of the
new students.
Including the new students admitted during the year, an
average of 60 graduate students was enrolled in the Depart-
ment during each of the four quarters. Because of the pro-
gram established through use of the grant funds, there have
been large increases in the number of graduate students en-
rolled in each of the quarters since inception of the grant,
as shown in the following table:
into four categories. Man-days of time spent in each cate-
gory are indicated below:
Category
Activities by grant staff utilizing 211-d funds-
Activities by other staff utilizing 211-d funds-
Activities by grant staff utilizing other funds_
Activities by other staff utilizing other funds-
Man-days
31
37
194
228
International service activities during the year are listed
below by category, along with names of the staff involved
and dates for each activity:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971)_
1971-72 (FY 1972)_
1972-73 (FY 1973)_
1973-74 (FY 1974)
1974-75 (FY 1975)_
Number of graduate students,
by quarter
Summer Fall Winter Spring
24
29
43
48
50
23
34
48
57
57
31
43
50
54
65
28
46
51
53
69
Staf member
Grant staff utilizing 211-d funds
Activities and dates
D. D. Moss Consultations with USAID Missions in Costa
Rica and Panama on aquaculture and fisheries
programs, January 5-22, 1975.
MM. . Pamatmat Gave invited lecture on aquatic ecology at
meeting on meiofauna at Bordeaux, France,
September 23-29, 1974.
Foreign graduate student enrollment has also increased
dramatically since the inception of the grant. Information
on the enrollment of these students is presented in the fol-
lowing table:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971)-
1971-72 (FY 1972)-
1972-73 (FY 1973)-
1973-74 (FY 1974)
1974-75 (FY 1975)
Number of graduate students,
by quarter
Summer Fall Winter Spring
7
5
16
22
24
5
5
16
27
22
5
13
19
26
19
7
15
22
26
21
A total of 27 advanced degrees was awarded during the
year (24 M.S. and 3 Ph.D.), of which 14 were to foreign
students. Information on the total number of advanced de-
grees awarded and the number awarded to foreign students
is presented in the following table:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971)
1971-72 (FY 1972)
1972-73 (FY 1973)
1973-74 (FY 1974)
1974-75 (FY 1975)
Graduates
M.S. Ph.D.
4(0)1
10(4)
18(8)
20(9)
24(12)
J. R. Snow Attended Conference on "Fish Farming in
Europe" in London, December 1-6, 1974.
Other staff utilizing 211-d funds
M. C. Johnson
E. E. Prather
D. G. Hughes
Assisted Government of Colombia and USAID
Mission in Bogota in development of plans
for an aquaculture research station, March
16-21, 1975.
Conducted a survey on aquaculture potential
in Jamaica, June 17-29, 1974.
Participated in FAO-sponsored Aquaculture
Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, Novem-
ber 23-December 10, 1974.
R. 0. Smitherman Surveyed potential for shrimp culture on
West Coast of Colombia, September 29-Oc-
tober 11, 1974.
Grant staff utilizing other funds
E. W. Shell
D. D. Moss
4(2)
4(1)
4(0)
5(3)
3(2)
' Number of foreign student graduates given in parenthesis.
UTILIZATION OF INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE
CAPABILITIES IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
A primary activity of the International Center for Aqua-
culture is international service activities. In the past year,
staff of the Center participated in a total of 459 man-days
of service activities overseas. Grant-funded staff and other
staff supported with grant funds were involved in 262 man-
days, or approximately 60 percent of these activities.
The international service activities can be roughly 
divided
R. T. Lovell
E. W. McCoy
M. M. Pamatmat
J. R. Snow
Conference with Israeli scientists on Bi-Na-
tional Science Foundation project on "Fish
Breeding," January 6-12, 1975.
Met with FAO officials in Rome regarding
program of International Center for Aqua-
culture, January 14, 1975.
Met with USAID and Government of Colom-
bia officials in Bogota to discuss plans for
aquaculture research station, September 29-
October 4, 1974.
Meeting in Colombia for further discussions
of plans for research station, January 5-10,
1975.
Meeting in Colombia to review progress of
construction of research station, March 15-21,
1975.
Planning for expansion of milkfish industry in
Indonesia with Government and USAID of-
ficials, May 27-June 25, 1975.
Participated in short course on aquaculture
sponsored by Brazilian fisheries agency in
Fortaleza, Brazil, March 27-April 7, 1975.
Participated in survey of expansion of milk-
fish industry in Indonesia, May 27-June 28,
Attended conference on aquatic ecology spon-
sored by NATO in Switzerland, November 3-
December 12, 1974.
Participated in survey for expansion of milk-
fish industry in Indonesia, May 27-June 28,
1975.
[ 1]
Other staff utilizing other funds
M. C. Johnson Survey of potential sites for fish farming in
Mid-Western State, Nigeria, 
June 29-July 19,
1975.
W. D. Davies Study of trout production potential in natural
lakes in lPeruvian Andes, August 24-Septem-
ber 22, 1974.
Study of problems relating to the develop-
ment of the fishery in Lake Victoria, Tan-
zania, October 26-November 15, 1974.
J. II. Grover Attended conference on brackishwater shrimp
culture in South Vietnam, March 30-April 12,
1975.
Surveyed catfish culture industry in Thailand,
April 12-15, 1975.
Assisted USAID Mission in Indonesia with
preparation of documentation required for
proposal to provide assistance to GOI in milk-
fish culture, June 19-July 5, 1975.
L. L. Lovshin
C. E. HlalP
J. A. Plumb
II. R. Schmittou
W. L. Shelton
Participated in FAO-sponsored conference on
aquaculture in Montevideo, Uruguay, No-
vember 24-December 3, 1974.
Evaluation of proposed USAID project for
improvement of Lake Tanganyika's fishery
resources in Zaire, March 9-April 8, 1975.
Participated in short course on aquaculture
sponsored by Brazilian fisheries agency in
Fortaleza, Brazil, March 27-April 7, 1974.
Conferred with USAID and Government of
Indonesia officials on potential for expansion
of miilkfish industry in Indonesia, November
4-23, 1974.
Study of trout production potential in natural
lakes in Peruvian Andes, August 24-Septem-
ber 22, 1974.
J. W. Jensen Attended FAO-sponsored conference on aqua-
culture in Montevideo, Uruguay, November
24-December 3, 1974.
Mr. Hall is a staff member of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
In addition to the international service activities, the Cen-
ter also provided 60.5 man-months of technical 
assistance
to four international development projects overseas. Center
staff were assigned to these full time. These projects were:
(1) A USAID-supported freshwater aquacultural 
develop-
ment project in Northeast Brazil T.O. 
2 (ICA), (2) a
USAID-supported freshwater aquacultural development 
proj-
ect in El Salvador (AID/la 688 ICA), (3) a 
USAID-sup-
ported brackish and freshwater aquacultural 
development
project in the Philippines (AID/ea 180 ICA), and (4) 
an
aquacultural development project in Mid-Western State in
Nigeria - a project supported by the Nigerian Government.
Three of the Center staff receiving part of their support from
the grant provided 10.9 man-months of technical back-
stopping for those overseas projects. Funds from the indi-
vidual projects paid for their services.
Man-months of overseas activities by grant-funded staff
since the inception of the grant are given in the following
table:
Man-months
1970-71 (FY 1971)
1971-72 (FY 1972)
1972-73 (FY 1973)
1973-74 (FY 1974)
1974-75 (FY 1975)
A major activity for Center staff during the year was the
training of foreign students. They were responsible for 26
foreign graduate students during the year, carrying out such
duties as serving as chairmen of graduate committees, 
de-
veloping plans of study, and supervising thesis or disserta-
tion research. The close and continuing contact between
student and major professor is one of the most important
elements in training graduate students. This contact 
is
especially important in the case of foreign students, 
and
availability of the grant-funded staff offers a distinct 
advan-
tage at Auburn. Because a majority of this staff has had
I,.
~
4
lawsa
rul ftxw W4
2041~
It '.5
Record keeping and field observations are stressed with practical experience.
[ 111
foreign service experience, they are able to relate to the
foreign students much more effectively.
A total of 27 students received advanced degrees with
specialization in inland fisheries and aquaculture during the
past year. Fourteen of the 27 graduates were foreign stu-
dents - 1 from Brazil, 6 from the Philippines, and 7 from
Thailand. Thirteen of these students were provided financial
support through USAID Mission programs. The fourteenth
student supported himself while here.
Eleven of the graduates have returned to their respective
countries and are engaged in inland fisheries and aquaculture
work. One, Dr. Arsenio Camacho, has been appointed 
Di-
rector of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center at 
Leganes,
Iloilo, in the Philippines. Another, Dr. Catalino dela Cruz,
is Director of the Freshwater Aquaculture Center at Central
Luzon State University in the Philippines. Three of the
graduates are still at Auburn and are now studying for 
the
Ph.D. degree.
The Center provided a 4-day short course for a group 
of
10 Peace Corps Volunteers from Michigan State 
University
who were training for service in the Philippines. 
It is antici-
pated that this type of training will be increased in 
the
future.
The Center also provided approximately 2 months 
of
training in aquaculture for Dr. Abdel Kadar Dia, from 
the
Ivory Coast. Dr. Dia's training was sponsored 
by the Coun-
cil for International Exchange of Scholars as Fulbright 
Hays
Scholar.
The Center established and is maintaining a number 
of
linkages both domestic and international that will 
facilitate
utilization of its unique capabilities. The 
more important of
these linkages with respect to immediate 
utilization of de-
veloped capability include:
The University of Arizona
The University of Rhode Island
The University of Puerto Rico
The University of the Philippines
Kasetsart University in Thailand
IBRD
FAO
USAID
Peace Corps
Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Council
Hebrew University
Utilization of institutional response is expected 
to increase
this year. New USAID Mission-funded projects 
involving
the Center are expected to develop in Jamaica, 
Colombia,
and Indonesia, and there is a good possibility 
that projects
will be initiated in Honduras.
The project in the Philippines will be 
continued, but at
a reduced level, while the one in El Salvador 
will be termi-
nated. A proposal is being prepared to convert the project
in Brazil to a regional one. If this conversion is carried 
out,
additional services from the Center will probably 
be re-
quired.
The initial phase of the work in Nigeria will 
be completed
early in 1976. It is anticipated that the Center will 
be re-
quested to provide additional assistance on that 
project dur-
ing the year.
Plans are being made to hold two, 3-month short courses
in inland fisheries and aquaculture during the coming 
year.
The courses will be designed primarily for 
technical person-
nel working these fields in developing countries. 
The courses
will be publicized and applications mailed 
early in 1976.
Another important international service activity of the
Center was providing short-term training and orientation to
the large number of visitors from other countries and U.S.
institutions who come during the year to obtain information
on inland fisheries and aquaculture in developing 
countries
and information on the program of the International Center.
These visitors required approximately 120 man-days of spe-
cialized training and orientation by the Center staff. A list
of the visitors follows:
Toshihiko Arai, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology
School of Medicine
Keo University
35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Takashi Aoki
Department of Fisheries
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Tokyo
Dr. S. Egusa, Professor
Department of Fisheries
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku
113 Tokyo, Japan
July 28-31, 1974
July 28-31, 1974
July 28-31, 1974
Mr. and Mrs. Conrado F. Estrella
Secretary Department of Agrarian Reform
Republic of the Philippines August 5-6, 1974
John Obbo Okaronon
802 Monroe Street
Ann Arbor, Michigan August 5-31, 1974
Raul Castro Cpnde
5G C. J34-74 Zona M
Guatemala August 9, 1974
Harris H. Whitbeck
23 Av. 0-37 Zone 15
Guatemala City, Guatemala
C.A. August 9, 1974
Michael Hoeft
Box 627
Wayne, West Virginia August 14-15, 19'
Mark Majewski
% WMUL-TV
3rd Avenue
Huntington, West Virginia August 14-16, 197
Dr. Leon Hesser
Office of Agriculture
Bureau of Technical Assistance
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C. August 20-21, 191
Dr. Colin Nash
Oceanic Institute
Makapuu Point
Waimanalo, Hawaii August 20-21, 197
Guy Rothwell
Oceanic Institute
Makapuu Point
Waimanalo, Hawaii August 20-21, 197
William Sellew
Oceanic Institute
Makapuu Point
Waimanalo, Hawaii August 20-21, 197
Professor Marcel Huet
Avenue General Derache, 104
1050 Bruxelles
Belgium
Mr. Anthony A. Neylan
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
Washington, D.C.
74
74
74
74
74
J7
August 26-28, 1974
August 30, 1974
[121
I
Paul Maugle
% USAID
Edificio Bavaria
Piso 17
Bogota, Colombia September 10-11, 1974
Professor Gelar Wira Atmadja
Faculty of Fisheries Bogor Agricultural
University
Bogor, Indonesia September 15-20, 1974
James Davis
Fish Culture Extension Specialist
Texas A&M University September 27, 1974
Noel C. Alon
E. Litton & Associate
Wack-Wack Subdivision
Mandaluying, Rizal
or
P.O. Box 1772
Makati Commercial Center October 14-November
Makata, Rizal 3117 4, 1974
Alicia Cornejo Black
Assistant Professor
Santiago, Chile October 15-20, 1974
Ms. Terry Rockefeller
WGBH TV
Boston, Massachusetts October 24, 1974
Dr. Salvador Lopez
President of the University of
the Philippines
Manila, Philippines November 13, 1974
Mr. Luis A. Rivas L.
Division Pesca Continental
Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria
Oficina Nacional de Pesca
Av. Benito Juarez, Quinta
Tremar
Alta Florida, Caracas, Venezuela November 14-15, 1974
Randy Haygood
Marine Research Lab
St. Petersburg, Florida November 15, 1974
Mr. Fred Lee, Director
Institute for Environmental Sciences
University of Texas
Dallas, Texas November 22, 1974
Hugo Cuevas, Jr.
P.O. Box 555 W.P.I.
Worchester, Massachusetts November 27, 1974
Dr. Takeshi Nose
Fish Nutritionist
Freshwater Fisheries Research
Laboratory
Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture
Hino, Tokyo, Japan December 7, 1974
Dr. Frank Sheppard
USAID/Philippines December 16-17, 1974
Dr. S. W. Ling
FAO Fishculturist (retired)
Adjunct Professor
University of Miami January 16, 1975
Dr. Tom Niblock
AID Mission Director
Manila, Philippines February 5-6, 1975
Dr. Gerald Sicat
GOP Planning Commissioner
Manila, Philippines February 5-6, 1975
Dr. Erven Long
Associate Assistant Administrator
Bureau of Technical Assistance
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C. February 5-6, 1975
Dr. John Pino
Director for Agriculture
Rockefeller Foundation
New York, New York
Dr. Jerry Grant
Rockefeller Foundation in Colombia
Mr. Gordon E. Hall
Forestry, Fish and Wildlife
Tennessee Valley Authority
Norris, Tennessee
Mr. John Hall
Atlanta Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife
Division of Federal AID
Atlanta, Georgia
Mr. John Young
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. Joseph Trudeau
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. Dave Smith
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. Mark T. Halter
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. Don Palawski
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Ms. Linda Parker
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. John E. Spielby
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. Cary Kerns
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Dr. Howard E. Johnson
Associate Professor
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern Advisor
John J. Castle
Michigan State University
Peace Corps Intern
Mr. Gander
New Zealand
Wen-Ted Chang
Taiwan Fisheries Bureau
8 Sec. 1, Chan-Hsiao East Rd.
Taipei, Taiwan 2-0
Republic of China
F. Brian Davy
Programme Officers, IDRC
308-314 Duke Hall
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, B.C. V6T IWs, Canada
Mr. Philip Roedel
USAID/ Washington
Officer of Agriculture
Bureau of Technical Assistance
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Kadar Dia
Fulbright Scholar Student
Ivory Coast
George Umeh
Student from Nigeria
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
February 5-6, 1975
February 13, 1975
February 19, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
March 17-20, 1975
April 24, 1975
April 28-29, 1975
April 28-29, 1975
April 30-May 1, 1975
May 10, 1975
May 19, 1975
[13]
Mr. Dwight Steen
Rural Development Officer
American Embassy (USAID)
APO New York 09895
Colombia
U Than Sein, BA
Inspector of Schools
Department of Technical Ag and
Vocational Ed
Rangoon Burma
U Nyunt Shein
Principal
Tech High School
Rangoon Burma
Ducksoo Lee
Senior Economist
East Asia Projects Dept.
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
1818 H. Street N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Sam Myers
Department of Food Science
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
George Win. Kissil
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological
Research Ltd.
Mariculture Laboratory
P.O. Box 1212
Eilot Israel
development each year since the inception of the grant is
shown in the following table:
May 19, 1975
June 16-17, 1975
June 16-17, 1975
June 17, 1975
July 10, 1975
July 10, 1975
Of the 58 official visitors to the Center 
during the fiscal
year, 24 were from 14 foreign countries 
and the other 34
were from 6 American agencies:
Country and/or organization 
Number
Foreign
Philippines . ... ----- ------- - -- ------ 5
Guatemala . . . . . . .. -- 4
Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Belgium ..... ..... ....-----------------------------..---------------------- 
2
B urm a-------------------- -- 2
C an ad a ---- ------------ ---------- -- ----- -- 
1
C h ile -- ---------- --- ---- ----- --------- ---
1
In d o n e sia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..--- - -- -- 1
I s r a e l ----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 
1
Ivory Coast -- - - - - - 1
New Zealand -1
N ig e r ia .. . . .. . . . .. . . . --- --- -- --- ---- -- ------.
1
T a i w a n .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
V enezuela ------------------------------------ 
1
American
U S A I D -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
IB R D --- ------------------------- --- - -- ----- 2
P eace C orp s ----------------------------- ----- 
10
Rockefeller Foundation ---------- -------- -------------------------- 
2
Oceanic Foundation--------------- 
3
O th er -- ----- -- -.---- ------------------- --- --
8
The number of visitors coming to the center 
specifically
for information on international 
fisheries and aquaculture
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971)
1971-72 (FY 1972)
1972-73 (FY 1973)
1973-74 (FY 1974)
1974-75 (FY 1975)
41
30
58
58
1 Records not kept for fiscal year 1971.
OTHER RESOURCES FOR GRANT-RELATED
ACTIVITIES
All funds received by the Department and International
Center strengthen and support the Center. Sources of funds
are presented below:
Source of funds
State of Alabama appropriated funds
For teaching - $145,333
For research ....--. 124,946
Sales funds
For sale of food fish and fingerlings 237,168"
Federal appropriated funds for research
USDA-Land Grant College funds 73,274
Research grants from other state governments 114,127
Research grants from federal agencies 69,452
Research grants from private enterprise 144,786
Subtotal 909,086
All USAID support 462,685
TOTAL .---- $1,371,771
1 Includes $213,811 for sale of timber. This was a one-time sale
and will not be repeated for 15-20 years.
As the information indicates, the Department and Center
receive funds from a wide variety of sources; however, the
U.S. Agency for International Development is the largest
single source of funds. Appropriated funds from the State
of Alabama to Auburn University for teaching and research
represent the second largest source. A number of separate
research and development contracts provide the third largest
source.
Interpreting the term "grant-related activities" in its
broadest sense, virtually all funds received contribute di-
rectly or indirectly to achieving the purpose of the grant.
Even industrial research grants contribute supplies, equip-
ment, and personnel that are used to some extent in graduate
training. By having this type of work going on in the same
department, foreign graduate students are able to better
comprehend the complexity of problems they must face in
the future when attempting to balance food and industrial
production needs with the need for environmental 
pro-
tection.
[14]
Number of visitors
Amount