20o5 Soybean
Lesearch 
Report
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Research Report No. 29
April 2006
Alabama Agricultural Experiment 
Station
Richard Guthrie, Director
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
Printed in cooperation with the Alabama 
Cooperative Extension System
(Alabama A&M University and Auburn 
University)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This publication is a joint contribution of Auburn University, the Alabama 
Agricultural Experiment Station, and the USDA Ag-
ricultural Research Service. Research contained herein was partially 
funded from check off dollars through the Alabama Soybean
Commission and private industry grants.
CONFIDENTIAL REPORT
Publication, display, or distribution of data contained herein should 
not be made without prior written approval. Mention of a
trademark or product does not constitute a guarantee of the product 
by Auburn University and does not imply its approval to the
exclusion of other products.
Information contained herein is available to all persons regardless of race, 
color, sex, or national origin.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work in agriculture and home economics, 
Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, and
other related acts in cooperation with the U.S. Department ofAgriculture. 
The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama
A&M University and Auburn University) offers educational programs, 
materials, and equal opportunity employment to all people
without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex. age, veteran status, 
or disability.
CONTENTS
page
Editors and Contributors................. ................................................ 4....
VARIETY TRIuALs
Evaluating Maturity Group III and IV Soybean Varieties at Different Planting Dates, 2005 .................................... 5
Group III and IV Roundup Ready? Soybean Varieties, DeKalb County, 2005 ... ........................... 6
High pH Group IV Roundup Ready? Soybean Variety Trial, Hale County, 2005 .................................................. 7
High pH Group V Roundup Ready? Soybean Variety Trial, Hale County, 2005 ..................................................... 7
Black Belt Group V Conventional Soybean Varieties, Pickens County, 2005 ............................................................ 8
Coffee County Irrigated Group VI Roundup Ready? Soybean Variety Demonstration, 2005 ..................................
8
FUNGICIDE EVALUATIONS
Evaluation of Fungicides for Foliar Disease Control and Yield of Soybean in Alabama, 2005........ .......... 9
Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur, and Stratego on Soybean Foliar Disease and Yield in Alabama, 2005............... 10
Evaluation of Punch, Charisma, Folicur, and Manzate on Soybean Foliar Disease and Yield in Alabama, 2005 
........ 11
Evaluation of Ballard for Control of Foliar Diseases of Soybean, 2005 .................................................................. 12
SoYBEAN BREEDING
Breeding Improved Soybean Cultivars for Alabama........................................................................................... 13
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
EDITORS
D. P. Delaney
Extension Specialist IV
Agronomy and Soils
Auburn University
CONTRIBUTORS
K. S. Lawrence
Associate Professor
Entomology and Plant Pathology
Auburn University
T. Dawkins
Superintendent
Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center
Crossville, Alabama
D. R Delaney
Extension Specialist IV
Agronomy and Soils
Auburn University
D. Derrick
Regional Extension Agent
Cherokee County
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
R. M. Durbin
Superintendent
Field Crops Unit, E.V. Smith Research Center
Shorter, Alabama
K. Glass
Agricultural Program Associate
Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University
W. Griffith
Regional Extension Agent
Fayette County
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
A. Gutierrez-Estrada
Post-doctoral Associate (former)
Entomology and Plant Pathology
Auburn University
K. S. Lawrence
Associate Professor
Entomology and Plant Pathology
Auburn University
S. P. Nightengale
Superintendent, Plant Breeding Unit
E.V. Smith Research Center
Tallassee, Alabama
R. L. Petcher
Regional Extension Agent
Washington County
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
E. J. Sikora
Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist
Entomology and Plant Pathology
Auburn University
D. B. Weaver
Professor
Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University
S. Wiggins
County Agent Coordinator
Pickens County
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
R. P. Yates
Regional Extension Agent
Marengo County
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
VARIETY TRIALS
EVALUATING MATURITY GROUP III AND IV SOYBEAN VARIETIES
AT DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES, 2005
D. P. Delaney, K. S. Lawrence, E. J. Sikora, S. P. Nightengale, T.
Soybeans are traditionally planted in late April through June
in Alabama, with Maturity Group (MG) V to VIII cultivars. This
combination often places the critical blooming and pod fill stage
during moisture deficit periods in late summer. Research in Mis-
sissippi has shown that when early maturing varieties from MG
III and IV are planted early, they mature before soil moisture
deficits become critical and outyield later soybeans. Approxi-
mately 60 percent of soybeans in Mississippi were planted with
early varieties in 2004, but little work has been done in Alabama
with this system and adapted varieties.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate use of early ma-
turing soybean varieties (Maturity Groups III and IV) under Ala-
bama conditions, with the goal of avoiding late summer heat and
moisture stress.
Tests were conducted at the Plant Breeding Unit (PBU) of
the E. V. Smith Research Center near Tallassee, Alabama, and at
the Sand Mountain Research and Education Center (SMREC)
near Crossville, Alabama, in 2005. Four MG III and four MG
IV cultivars ranging from 3.3 to 4.9 were planted on each of two
planting dates. Four replications in a split-plot design were used
with planting dates as main plots. All varieties were planted with
conventional tillage in seven 7-inch rows on April 11 and again
on April 29 at PBU and on April 11 and April 25 at SMREC,
after being delayed about one week due to wet conditions.
TABLE 1. PLANTING DATES FOR GROUP III AND IV
SOYBEANS, PBU 2005
Planting
date
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Cultivar
DG 3392 NRR
DG 3390 NRR
Pioneer 93M90 RR
DP 3861 RR
Pioneer 94B13 RR
Pioneer 94M41 RR
DP 4724 RR
DP 4933 RR
Yield
bulac
53
54
65
62
60
70
68
72
Total
height
in
24
20
23
26
24
27
24
33
Lowest
pod height
in
2
1
3
2
2
4
4
5
Dawkins, and K. Glass
Plots were maintained weed-free with recommended herbi-
cides, and fungicides were applied twice during pod-fill. Bloom
and maturity dates, plant height at initial bloom and maturity,
and height to the lowest pod were also recorded during the sea-
son.
Each treatment was harvested at maturity, from September
2 to September 20 at PBU, and September 13 to September 20
at Sand Mountain. Yields were adjusted to 13 percent moisture
and 60 bushels per acre (Tables 1 and 2) and samples taken for
seed quality analysis.
Yields were generally very good, due to plentiful rainfall
in spring and early summer in 2005. At PBU, yields improved
from the first to the second planting for most cultivars. For the
late planting date, average yields of MG IV varieties were sig-
nificantly greater that MG IIIs (76 vs 60 bushels per acre), but
they were not different for the early planting. Total height also
increased from the first to the second planting but was more pro-
nounced for later maturing varieties. There was no significant
difference between planting dates for height to the lowest pod,
which can affect harvesting ability, in contrast to results from
2004.
At SMREC, heavy rains and cool weather after the second
planting resulted in a thin stand for that date. Yields were greater
for the first planting date, and total height was slightly greater
TABLE 2. PLANTING DATES FOR GROUP III AND IV
SOYBEANS, SMREC 2005
Planting
date
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Early April
Cultivar
DG 3392 NRR
DG 3390 NRR
Pioneer 93M90 RR
DP 3861 RR
Pioneer 94B13 RR
Pioneer 94M41 RR
DP 4724 RR
DP 4933 RR
Yield
bu/ac
73
74
87
83
74
86
83
84
Total
height
in
35
31
34
32
34
38
36
43
Lowest
pod height
in
3
2
2
4
2
5
4
6
Late April DG 3392 NRR
Late April DG 3390 NRR
Late April Pioneer 93M90 RR
Late April DP 3861 RR
Late April Pioneer 94B13 RR
Late April Pioneer 94M41 RR
Late April DP 4724 RR
Late April DP 4933 RR
LSD (P=.10)
Planting Date Means
Early April
Late April
LSD IP= 101
65
56
61
59
72
75
79
80
13
63
68
4
28
24
26
27
27
30
30
40
3
25
29
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
1
3
3
NS
Late April DG 3392 NRR
Late April DG 3390 NRR
Late April Pioneer 93M90 RR
Late April DP 3861 RR
Late April Pioneer 94B1 3 RR
Late April Pioneer 94M41 RR
Late April DP 4724 RR
Late April DP 4933 RR
LSD (P=.10)
Planting Date Means
Early April
Late April
LSD IP=.10)
63
59
53
60
57
65
70
53
10
81
60
5
36
30
29
31
32
34
33
40
3
35
33
1
4
4
1
.
:1
1-I
M-%F SW A a -0 a %F I -W 5 9 Is WAIF ftM VA9F MW v vv
o ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
for the first planting date, but there was no difference between IV cultivars at either planting date. 
Generally, excellent growing
planting dates for height of the lowest pod. There was no sig- conditions allowed even very early blooming 
and maturity treat-
nificant difference between average yields of MG III and MG ments to grow well and produce 
excellent yields in 2005.
GROUP III AND IV ROUNDUP READY? SOYBEAN VARIETIES, DEKALB COUNTY, 2005
D. P. Delaney and D. Derrick
Twenty-four Maturity Group (MG) III and IV soybean cul-
tivars, all Roundup Ready?, were planted on May 10, 2005 with
cooperator Allen Duke in DeKalb County, Alabama. All plots
were six 30-inch rows 15 feet wide and approximately 300 to
500 feet long. MG IV varieties were planted with no-till into a
heavy bigflower vetch cover crop. Due to limited space, MG III
varieties and one early IV were planted in an adjacent area of the
field where the vetch had been tilled.
Rainfall and growing conditions were very good with Head-
line SBR fungicide applied at approximately the R3 growth
stage. Plots were harvested on September 28, using the produc-
er's combine and a weigh wagon.Yields were adjusted to 13 per-
cent moisture and 60 pounds per bushel (see table).
GROUP III AND IV ROUNDUP READY@ SOYBEAN VARIETIES,
DEKALB COUNTY, 2005
Company Variety Lodged' Yield
bu/ac @ 13 pct
Monsanto Asgrow 4703 1 63.9
Dyna-Gro DG 3443 2 63.3
Delta King DK 4366 1 62.6
Progeny Progeny 4401 1 62.5
Pioneer Pioneer 94M90 NA 61.9
Monsanto Asgrow 4801 NA 61.5
AP/Garst Garst 4512 1 60.4
Delta King DK 4763 2 60.3
Monsanto Asgrow 4404 1 59.3
UniSouth USG 7434 1 58.8
Progeny Progeny 4804 3 58.2
Monsanto Asgrow 4403 1 57.8
Delta King DK 4866 1 56.6
AP/Garst Garst 4888 NA 54.2
Progeny Progeny 4949 NA 53.9
Monsanto Asgrow 4903 NA 53.5
Dyna-Gro DG 3463 1 53.4
AP/Garst Garst 484 1 53.3
Croplan RC 4891 2 53.0
Delta King DK 4967 NA 52.1
Croplan RC 4842 1 51.6
Deltapine DP 4646 4 50.7
Deltapine DP 4724 2 49.7
UniSouth USG 7482 2 48.9
Tilled soil
AP/Garst Garst 3824 4 57.4
Deltapine DP 4331 1 54.8
UniSouth USG 7393 1 41.5
1 Lodging ratings: 1 = all plants erect, 3 = all plants leaning 45
percent, 5 = all plants down.
2005 SOYBEAN RESEARCH REPORT 7
HIGH PH GROUP IV ROUNDUP READY* SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL,
HALE COUNTY, 2005
D. P. Delaney, R. P. Yates, and E. J. Sikora
One of the most critical decisions a soybean producer makes
each year is which variety to plant. Yield and other traits such
as disease resistance can vary substantially between varieties in
response to their environment. On-farm field trials are important
to verify university research and to show how different varieties
perform under typical producer management practices.
Eleven Maturity Group IV soybean cultivars, all Roundup
Ready@, were planted on May 11, 2005 in Hale County north of
Gallion, Alabama, with Chris Elliott, cooperator. Planting was
delayed by wet soil in the spring. The Black Belt soil had an ini-
tial pH of 7.7 to 7.8 making it prone to iron chlorosis problems.
All varieties were planted in 20-inch rows, in strips 20 to 25 feet
wide and approximately 1100 feet long, following conventional
tillage. All seed was fungicide treated and inoculated before
planting.
Plots were rated for iron chlorosis on May 27, June 18, and
July 14 (see table). Plots were harvested with the producer's
combine and a weigh wagon on October 4, with yields adjusted
to 13 percent moisture and 60 pounds per bushel.
HIGH PH GROUP IV RR? SOYBEAN VARIETIES, HALE COUNTY 2005
I-ron cholorosis Yield
Variety Date of rating bulac @ 13 pct
May 27 June 18 July 14 Oct 4
Progeny 4804 RR 2 2 1 60.0
Deltapine DP 4546 RR 1 2 1 56.5
Deltapine DP 4724 RR 1 1 1 55.6
DeltaKing DK 4763 RR 6 4 6 55.5
Progeny 4949 RR 2 4 4 54.6
Pioneer 94M90 5 3 2 53.7
Uni-South USG 7482nRR 3 2 1 52.4
DeltaKing DK 4866 RR 4 3 4 51.5
Dyna-Gro 3463NRR 3 3 4 51.0
Croplan RC 4842 RR 0 0 1 50.1
Dyna-Gro 3443NRR 2 1 1 47.2
' Iron cholorosis rating based on a 0 to 10 scale: 10 = dead, 0 = deep green.
HIGH PH GROUP V ROUNDUP READY? SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL,
HALE COUNTY, 2005
D. P. Delaney, R. P. Yates, and E. J. Sikora
One of the most critical decisions a soybean producer makes
each year is which variety to plant.Yield and other traits such as
disease resistance can vary substantially between varieties in re-
sponse to their environment. On-farm field trials are important
to verify university research and to show how different varieties
perform under typical producer management practices.
Eleven Maturity Group V soybean cultivars, all Roundup
Ready@, were planted on June 18, 2005 in Hale County near
Demopolis, Alabama, on Ken Diller's farm. Planting was de-
layed by excessively wet soil in the spring. The Black Belt soil
had an initial pH of 7.8 to 7.9, making it prone to iron chlorosis
problems. All varieties were planted in eight 30-inch rows, in
strips 20 feet wide and approximately 450 feet long, with two
replications of each variety. Continued rains slowed early top
and root growth of soybeans, while late summer dry weather
limited potential. Reliable iron chlorosis ratings could not be
made due to the interaction of Septoria brown spot, soil condi-
tions, and chlorosis. Both replications of each variety were har-
vested together with the producer's combine and a weigh wagon
on October 12, with yields adjusted to 13 percent moisture and
60 pounds per bushel (see table).
HIGH PH GROUP V RR? SOYBEANS, HALE COUNTY 2005
Company Variety' Yield
bu/ac @( 13 pct
Deltapine DP 5414 33.6
Croplan RC 5555 32.4
Croplan RC 5892 30.5
Pioneer 95M80 29.1
Deltapine DP 5644 21.0
Croplan RC 4992 16.4
Monsanto AG 5903 15.9
Deltapine DP 5806 13.7
1 All varieties were Roundup Ready.
8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
BLACK BELT GROUP V CONVENTIONAL SOYBEAN VARIETIES, PICKENS COUNTY,
2005
D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora, W. Griffith, and S. Wiggins
One of the most critical decisions a soybean producer makes
each year is which variety to plant. A problem in Alabama unique
to Black Belt soils is iron chlorosis on high pH soils. Variety se-
lection is the only practical way to control this problem on these
soils. On-farm field trials are important to verify university re-
search and to show how different varieties perform under typical
producer management practices.
Ten conventional (non-GMO) Maturity Group V and late
IV soybeans were planted at the Dee River Ranch near Alice-
ville, Alabama, on a Black Belt soil. Each variety was planted on
May 9 in 12 30-inch rows in field-length blocks of approximate-
ly 1 acre each. Growing conditions were generally excellent, as
reflected in the yields. Iron chlorosis was not noted in 2005 due
to plentiful soil moisture. Plots were harvested in early October,
using the producer's combine and yield monitor (see table).
CONVENTIONAL GROUP V SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL,
PICKENS COUNTY 2005
Company Variety Yield
bu/ac
Public Holladay 91.0
DeltaKing DK 5995 80.6
Public Hutcheson 74.1
Public Anand 66.8
Deltapine DP 5110S 66.2
Progeny 4910 65.0
Deltapine DP 5989 60.0
DeltaKing DP 5989 57.3
AgVenture AVX 53C 53.0
DeltaKing DK 5870 52.0
COFFEE COUNTY IRRIGATED GROUP VI ROUNDUP RADY@ SOYBEAN VARIETY
DEMONSTRATION, 
2005
D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora, and R L. Petcher
One of the most critical decisions a soybean producer
makes each year is which variety to plant. On-farm field trials
are important to verify university research and to show how dif-
IRRIGATED GROUP VI ROUNDUP READY@ SOYBEAN
VARIETIES, COFFEE COUNTY 2005
Yield Harvest Green
Company Variety
1  
bulac moisture leaves/
@ 13 pct pct 
stalks
2
Deltapine DP 6880 50.4 15.9 2
Monsanto AG 6202 46.5 13.8 2
Monsanto H 6255 45.9 13.8 2
Pioneer 96M20 45.8 16.1 3
Deltapine DP 6215 42.3 17.9 4
Delta King B64-51 41.9 14.7 2
Monsanto AG 6702 41.0 14.5 2
Croplan RC 6767 35.3 14.8 2
Croplan RC 6655 33.1 14.8 2
1 All varieties were Roundup Ready.
2 Green leaf/stalk rating 
1 = very dry, 3 = some 
green leaves, 5
= lush/full of moisture.
ferent varieties perform under typical management practices in
producers' fields.
Nine Maturity Group VI soybean cultivars, all Roundup
Ready?, were planted with strip-tillage and in-row subsoiling
near Ino, Alabama, on the Carnley farm. Seed was planted at ap-
proximately 47 pounds per acre with a twin-row (9-inch) planter
set on 36-inch main centers on June 9, 2005. Plots were 18 to
36 feet wide, approximately 1400 feet long, and were irrigated
and sprayed with fungicides as needed. Plots were harvested
with the producer's combine and a weigh wagon on November
4 when pods and seeds were mature. Yields were adjusted to 13
percent moisture and 60 pounds per bushel (see table).
As with many soybean fields in Alabama that were sprayed
with a strobiluron or pre-mix (strobiluron + triazole) fungicide,
leaves and stems remained green well after seed maturity. This
caused difficult and slow harvest conditions as well as increased
moisture and foreign material in harvested soybeans. Some vari-
ety differences were noted (see table).
2005 SOYBEAN RESEARCH REPORT 9
FUNGICIDE EVALUATIONS
EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR FOLIAR DISEASE CONTROL AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN
IN ALABAMA, 2005
K. S. Lawrence, D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora, and R. M. Durbin
A soybean fungicide trial was planted on May 23 at the
Plant Breeding Unit of the E. V. Smith Research Center near
Tallassee, Alabama. The soil type was a fine sandy loam. Plots
consisted of four rows, 25 feet long, with a between-row spacing
of 30 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete-
block design with four replications. A 10-foot alley separated
blocks. The fungicide treatments were applied as a foliar spray
at the R1 plant growth stage followed with a second application
21 days later or at the R3 and R5 plant growth stages. Soybean
foliar diseases were evaluated by rating incidence and severity
of each disease in the plot at the R6 to R7 growth stage. All plots
were maintained throughout the season with standard herbicide,
insecticide, and fertility production practices as recommended
by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Plots were
harvested on October 1. Data were statistically analyzed using
PROC GLM, and means were compared with Fisher's protected
least significant difference test (P < 0.05).
Weather c ions were favorable for high incidence of
foliar disease on soybean as this area endured rains from the
tropical storms Cindy as well as the hurricanes Dennis and Ka-
trina. Cercospora leaf blight incidence and severity were rela-
tively high in 2005; however, no differences between fungicide
treatments and the control were observed. Target spot is not fre-
quently observed in Alabama although incidence ranged from
31 to 50 percent during this wet summer. Fungicide applications
did not reduce incidence or severity of target spot. Maturity and
yield were affected by fungicide applications. Plants defoliated
earlier in the control (P < 0.05) as compared to the Topsin M
plus Quadris fungicide treatment. Yields were also increased
over the untreated control by (P < 0.05) the two applications of
Topsin M plus Quadris.
EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR FOLIAR DISEASE CONTROL AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN IN ALABAMA, 2005
-Cercospora blight- -Target spot- 
Yield
Treatment Rate Timing incidence severity
2  
incidence severity Maturity
3  
bulac
fl oz/ac Sept 20 Sept 20 Sept 20 Sept 20 Sept 20 Oct 1
Control 50.0 a
4  
2.3 a 50.0 a 1.8 a 3.5 a 45.7 b
Penncozeb 2 R1 + 21 days 38.7 a 2.0 a 42.5 a 1.5 a 2.8 ab 49.7 ab
Topsin M + Folicur 15 + 4 R3 + R5 46.2 a 2.0 a 33.7 a 1.5 a 2.8 ab 48.1 b
Topsin M + Quadris 15 + 6.2 R3 + R5 42.5 a 1.9 a 31.2 a 1.6 a 2.3 b 53.2 a
LSD (P < 0.05) ns ns ns ns 1.1 4.3
Disease incidence was based on the percentage of plants affected per row.
2 Disease severity was based 
on percentage of leaf surface 
area affected of ten leaflets and 
was rated on a percentage scale: 
1=
0-10%, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, 5 = 75-100%.
Maturity was based on the percentage 
of necrosis and defoliation: 1= 
0-10%, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 
4 = 51-75%, 5 = 75
-100%.
4 Means within columns followed by different letters are significantly different according to Fisher's 
LSD (P < 0.05).
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
EVALUATION OF ABSOLUTE, FOLICUR, AND STRATEGO ON SOYBEAN FOLIAR DISEASE
AND YIELD IN ALABAMA, 
2005
K. S. Lawrence, D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora, and S. P. Nightengale
A soybean fungicide trial was planted on May 23 at the Plant
Breeding Unit of the E. V. Smith Research Center near Tallassee,
Alabama. The soil type was a Cahaba loamy sand. Plots con-
sisted of four rows, 25 feet long, with a between-row spacing of
30 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block
design with four replications. A 10-foot alley separated blocks.
The fungicide treatments were applied as a foliar spray at the R3
or R5 plant growth stages. Soybean foliar diseases were evalu-
ated by rating incidence and severity of each disease in the plot
at the R6 to R7 growth stage. All plots were maintained through-
out the season with standard herbicide, insecticide, and fertility
production practices as recommended by the Alabama Coopera-
tive Extension System. Plots were harvested on October 1. Data
were statistically analyzed using PROC GLM, and means were
compared with Fisher's protected least significant difference test
(P < 0.05).
Weather conditions were favorable for high incidence of fo-
liar disease on soybean as this area endured rains from the tropi-
cal storms Cindy as well as the hurricanes Dennis and Katrina.
Cercospera leaf blight incidence and severity were moderately
high; however, no differences in disease suppression between
fungicide treatments and the control were observed. Target spot
incidence was also high for this region, and fungicides did not
reduce incidence or severity. Rust developed late in the season
with the greatest incidence observed in the control plots. Only
the Folicur + Stratego applied at the low rate at the R3 stage
showed any rust development, which was less than 10 percent
of the plot affected. Rust was not observed on any of the other
fungicide treatments. Maturity was affected by fungicide ap-
plications. Plants defoliated earlier in the control (P < 0.05) as
compared to the Folicur + Stratego fungicide treatment applied
at the high rate. Yields were not increased by (P < 0.05) the fun-
gicide applications.
EVALUATION OF ABSOLUTE, FOLICUR, AND STRATEGO ON SOYBEAN FOLIAR DISEASE AND YIELD IN ALABAMA, 2005
-Cercospora blight--- -Target spot- Rust Yield
Treatment Rate Timing incidence' severity
2  
incidence severity
2  
Maturity
3 
incidence
2  
bulac
Untreated 60.0 2.25 57.5 2.50 3.88 a
4
23.7 62.1
Folicur 3.6F SC + 4+ 10 fl ozlac R3
Stratego EC
Folicur 3.6F SC + 4 + 7fl ozlac R3
Stratego
Folicur 3.6F SC + 4 + 7fl ozlac R5
Stratego
Absolute SC 5 fl ozlac R3
Absolute SC 7 fl ozlac R3
Folicur 3.6F 4 fl ozlac R3
58.7
67.5
65.0
58.7
63.7
63.7
1.75
2.38
2.00
2.13
2.25
1.13
56.3 2.00
58.8 1.13
51.3
3.18 b 0 63.1
3.38 ab 2.5 62.7
1.88 3.63 ab 0 64.6
52.5 2.13 3.75 ab 0 66.4
58.8 2.38 3.75 ab 0 62.7
55.0 2.25 3.38 ab 0 66.9
LSD (P < 0.05) 12.4 0.7 13.7 0.7 0.7 14.6 11.0
SDisease incidence was based on the percentage of plants affected per row: 0= 0%, 10 = 1-10%, 20 = 11-20%, 30 = 21- 30%, 40 =
31- 40%, 50 = 41- 50%, 60 = 51- 60%, 70 = 61 - 70%, 80 = 71- 80%, 90= 81- 90%, 100 = 91-100%.
2 Disease severity was based on percentage of leaf surface area 
affected of ten leaflets and was rated on a percentage scale: 1=
0-10%, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, 5 = 75-100%.
3 Maturity was based on the percentage 
of necrosis and defoliation: 1= 
0-10%, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 
4 = 51-75%, 5 = 75
-100%.
4 Means within columns followed by different letters are significantly 
different according to Fisher's LSD (P < 0.05).
10
11
2005 SOYBEAN RESEARCH REPORT
EVALUATION OF PUNCH, CHARISMA, 
FOLICUR, AND MANZATE ON SOYBEAN
FOLIAR DISEASE AND YIELD IN ALABAMA, 2005
K. S. Lawrence, D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora, and S. P. 
Nightengale
A soybean fungicide trial was planted on May 
23 at the
Plant Breeding Unit of the E. V. Smith Research Center near
Tallassee, Alabama. The soil type was a Cahaba loamy 
sand.
Plots consisted of four rows, 25 feet long, with a between-row
spacing of 30 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized 
com-
plete-block design with four replications. 
A 10-foot alley sepa-
rated blocks. The fungicide treatments were applied 
as a foliar
spray at the R1 plant growth stage followed with 
a second ap-
plication 21 days later. Soybean foliar diseases 
were evaluated
by rating incidence and severity of each disease 
in the plot at
the R6 to R7 growth stage. All plots were maintained 
through-
out the season with standard herbicide, insecticide, 
and fertility
production practices as recommended by the Alabama 
Coopera-
tive Extension System. Plots were harvested on 
October 1. Data
were statistically analyzed using PROC GLM, and means 
were
compared with Fisher's protected least significant 
difference test
(P < 0.05).
Weather conditions were favorable for high incidence of
foliar disease on soybean as this area endured rains 
from the
tropical storms Cindy as well as the hurricanes 
Dennis and Ka-
trina. Cercospera leaf blight incidence was 
relatively high with
incidence ranging from a low (P < 0.05) 
of 46 percent in Cha-
risma EC at 8 ounces per acre to 
a high of 62 percent in Punch
EC at 5 ounces per acre. However, the severity 
of the Cercospera
blight was low and the fungicide applications did 
not affect se-
verity. Target spot incidence was also high for this 
region and
the Manzate 75 DF did reduce (P < 0.05) incidence as 
compared
to the control. Targot spot severity was not reduced by 
any fun-
gicide treatment. Maturity and yield were affected 
by fungicide
applications. Plants defoliated earlier in the Manzate 
75 DF (P <
0.05) as compared to the Punch EC fungicide 
treatments. Yields
were increased (P < 0.05) by the Folicur 
fungicide treatment as
compared to the control, Charisma EC, Manzate, 
and Punch at 5
ounces per acre.
EVALUATION OF PUNCH, CHARISMA, FOLICUR, AND MANZATE 
ON SOYBEAN FOLIAR DISEASE AND YIELD IN ALABAMA, 
2005
-Cercospora blight- -Target spot- 
Rust Yield
Treatment Rate Timing 
incidence severity
2  
incidence severity
2  
Maturity
3 
incidence buac
Sept 20 Sept 20 Sept 20 Sept 
20 Sept 20 Sept 20 Oct 1
Untreated control 
56.33 ab
4  
2.0 60.0 a 2.1 3.2 ab 
2.5 56.9 bc
Punch EC 400GL 4 fl ozlac R1 + 21 
D 57.5 ab 2.1 60.0 a 
2.5 2.8 b 5.0 64.7 ab
Punch EC 400GL 5 fl oz/ac R1 + 21 
D 62.5 a 2.3 58.7 ab 
2.4 2.7 b 2.5 54.6 
c
Charisma EC 207GL 8 fl oz/ac R1 + 21 
D 46.3 b 1.4 50.0 ab 
2.0 3.6 ab 0 57.5 bc
Charisma EC 207GL 10 fl oz/ac R1 + 21 
D 57.5 ab 1.8 52.5 ab 
2.0 3.5 ab 0 62.0 bc
Manzate 75 DF 2 Ib/ac R1 + 21 D 
53.8 ab 1.5 42.5 b 2.0 
4.0 a 0 62.0 bc
Folicur 3.6F 4 fl oz/ac R1 + 
21 D 60 ab 2.1 48.7 
ab 2.4 3.2 ab 0 
70.5 a
LSD (P 5 0.05) 
15.7 0.9 17.1 0.7 
1.01 5.2 8.3
SDisease incidence was based on the percentage 
of plants affected per row: 0= 0%, 10 = 1-10%, 
20 = 11-20%, 30 = 21- 30%, 40 =
31- 40%, 50 = 41- 50%, 60 = 51- 60%, 
70 = 61 - 70%, 80 = 71- 80%, 90= 81- 90%, 
100 = 91-100%.
2 Disease severity was based on percentage of leaf surface area 
affected of ten leaflets and was rated on a percentage scale: 1=
0-10%, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, 
5 = 75-100%.
3 Maturity was based on the percentage of necrosis and 
defoliation: 1= 0-10%, 2 = 11-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, 
5 = 75
-100%.
4 Means within columns followed by different letters are significantly different according to Fisher's LSD (P < 0.05).
ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
EVALUATION OF BALLARD FOR CONTROL OF FOLIAR DISEASES OF SOYBEAN, 
2005
E. J. Sikora, D. P. Delaney, K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-Estrada, and R. M. Durbin
A soybean fungicide trial was planted with Pioneer 96M20
on May 24 at the Plant Breeding Unit of the E. V. Smith Re-
search Center near Tallassee, Alabama. Plots consisted of four
rows, 20 feet long, with a between-row spacing of 30 inches and
a seeding rate of 11.7 seeds per foot. Plots were arranged in a
randomized complete-block design with four replications. A 10-
foot alley separated blocks. The fungicide treatments were ap-
plied as a foliar spray on August 1 (R2 growth stage), August 15
(R3-R4), and September 1 (R5). Percent target spot was deter-
mined on September 15. Percent leaf defoliation and leaf green-
ing (0-3 scale with 3 representing a high level of green foliage
being retained by the plant) was determined on October 5.,Inci-
dence of Asian soybean rust (ASR) was determined on October
15 by examining five plants per plot. All plots were maintained
throughout the season with standard herbicide, insecticide, and
fertility production practices as recommended by the Alabama
Cooperative Extension System. Plots were harvested on No-
vember 10.
Weather conditions were somewhat favorable for foliar dis-
ease as this area endured rains from tropical storm Cindy as well
as the hurricanes Dennis and Katrina. Ballad at 0.5 quart, Ballad
at 1 quart + Quadris at 8 ounces, and Quadris at 8 ounces all
had less target spot than the control. Quadris at 8 ounces had
less ASR incidence compared to all other treatments. Quadris
at 8 ounces and Ballad at 0.5 quart had less incidence of ASR
compared to the control. There were no significant differences
among the other treatments. All treatments with the exception of
Ballad at 2 quarts had less leaf defoliation than the control. Bal-
lad at 0.5 quart, Ballad at 1 quart + Quadris at 4 ounces, Ballad at
1 quart + Quadris at 8 ounces, and Quadris at 8 ounces had less
defoliation and higher levels of leaf greening among treatments.
Ballad at 1 quart + Quadris at 8 ounces had higher yields than
all other treatments. Quadris at 8 ounces had higher yields than
the control and Ballad at 1 or 2 quarts. There were no significant
differences in yield among the other treatments.
EVALUATION OF BALLARD FOR CONTROL OF FOLIAR DISEASES OF SOYBEAN, 2005
Treatment' Rate Target spot Defoliation Leaf ASR Incidence
3  
Yield
per acre pct pct qreeninq
2  
pct bulac
Control 13.5 ab
4
96.5 a 1.0 c 100 a 58.6 c
Ballad SC
Ballad SC
Ballad SC
Ballad SC + Quadris SC
Ballad SC + Quadris SC
Ballad SC + Quadris SC
Quadris SC
0.5 qt 6.25 cd
1 qt
2 qt
0.5 qt + 4 oz
1 qt+4 oz
1 qt+ 8oz
8 oz
70.0 d
11.5 abcd 89.25 b
14.25 a
10.5 abc
3.5 c
7.0 bcd
3.25 c
93.75 ab
82.25 c
69.25 d
68.75 d
64.5 d
12
2.75 a
1.25 c
1.0 c
1.75 b
3.0 a
3.0a
3.0 a
60 bc
100 a
100 a
100 a
75 ab
75 ab
45 c
64.3 bc
58.8 c
58.5 c
63.6 bc
63.8 bc
70.3 a
64.8 b
LSD P = 0.05 7 6.9 0.4 29.3 5.32
1Treatments were applied on August 1 (R2 growth stage), August 15 (R3-R4), and September 1 (R5).
2 Leaf greening was rated on a 0 to 3 scale with 3 representing 
a high level of green foliage being retained by the plant.
Incidence of Asian soybean rust (ASR) 
was determined by examining five plants 
per plot.
4 Means followed by the same letter are not 
significantly different.
2005 SOYBEAN RESEARCH REPORT 
13
SOYBEAN BREEDING
BREEDING IMPROVED SOYBEAN CULTIVARS FOR ALABAMA
D. B. Weaver
The testing and development of new soybean (Glycine max
L.) cultivars continues to be an ongoing project of the Alabama
Agricultural Experiment Station. Since its inception, the project
has resulted in the release of three cultivars (Stonewall, Carver,
and Kuell) and two germplasm lines. More lines are in various
stages of development.
During 2005, experimental soybean lines were tested, in-
cluding 30 Maturity Group (MG) VI lines and 80 MG VII lines
tested at one location (Tallassee) with two repetitions in multi-
ple-row plots. A total of 50 lines (20 MG VI, 20 MG VII, and 10
MG VIII) were tested in advanced trials at multiple locations in
Alabama. The best-performing of these lines will be advanced to
the next level of testing, the USDA Cooperative Uniform Tests.
In the USDA tests, five of the best advanced lines were tested in
the Preliminary VI test, four in the Preliminary VII test, and two
in the Preliminary VIII test. Only one line, a MG VI line that
ranked fifth overall in the 2004 Preliminary test, was advanced
into the 2005 Uniform test. Several of these lines performed well
in the 2005 Preliminary tests and will be advanced to the Uni-
form Tests for 2006. The future populations will be developed
with the objective of cultivar development. Additional Breeder
seed of Kuell were produced in 2005 and should be available to
Registered and Certified Seed producers in 2006.
In a cooperative project with Clemson University, 38 dif-
ferent populations of material were grown with a combination
of the long-juvenile trait (lack of photoperiod response, or pho-
toperiod insensitive) and Roundup-Ready technology. Soybean
cultivars that do not begin reproductive growth in response to
daylength (photoperiod insensitive) have the potential to expand
the range of planting dates with no detrimental effects on yield.
This trait would allow lines to be planted either very early to
avoid late-summer drought or planted late, in a double-cropping
system following small grains or maize. Experimental lines
have produced well at both planting dates and outperformed
check cultivars at these extreme planting dates. Another trait
carried by this material is resistance to soybean cyst nematode
and root-knot nematode. Single-plant selections were made and
will continue to be evaluated for the next couple of years with
the objective of developing a germplasm or cultivar with these
two traits. Several years of yield tests with experimental long-
juvenile lines have been conducted, and the long-juvenile trait is
now being combined with Roundup Ready technology for com-
mercial production.
In cooperation with the USDA, 600 soybean accessions in
MGs VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X were evaluated for reaction to the
Asian soybean rust. These accessions were previously screened
from the entire USDA germplasm collection, having shown
some rust resistance potential in previous tests in an off-shore
containment facility. Disease was monitored closely, but suffi-
cient rust did not develop in time for meaningful results to be
obtained.
Also in cooperation with the USDA Uniform Cooperative
Tests, 11 tests are being conducted in three locations (Tallassee,
Belle Mina, and Fairhope), and more than 200 public breeding
lines of Maturity Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII in both Prelimi-
nary and Uniform Tests are being evaluated. This continues to
be a major resource of genetic material as well as a great testing
network for evaluation of new genotypes from all public breed-
ing programs in the Southeast. These tests are conducted with
support from the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and
soybean checkoff funding.
2005SOYBEANRESEARCHREPORT 13


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