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Increased nitrogen export from eastern North America to the Atlantic Ocean due to climatic and anthropogenic changes during 1901-2008 

Yang, Qichun; Tian, Hanqin; Friedrichs, Marjorie; Hopkinson, Charles; Lu, Chaoqun; Najjar, Raymond; 0000-0002-1806-4091; 0000-0002-1526-0513; 0000-0002-1526-0513; 0000-0002-7331-8322; 0000-0002-8689-2550; 0000-0003-2828-7595 (2023-01-25)
We used a process-based land model, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model 2.0, to examine how climatic and anthropogenic changes affected riverine fluxes of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ...

Intermediate shocks in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic bow-shock flows with multiple interacting shock fronts 

Cable, S.; Lin, Y.; Holloway, J. L.; 0000-0001-8003-9252 (2020-06-18)
Previous MHD simulations predict that when switch-on shock conditions obtain in the solar wind, the bow shock produced in front of an ellipsoidal obstacle will produce a unique bow shock configuration that includes a concave ...

Intermediate shocks in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic bow-shock flows with multiple interacting shock fronts 

Cable, S; Lin, Y; Holloway, J (2022-11-08)
Previous MHD simulations predict that when switch-on shock conditions obtain in the solar wind, the bow shock produced in front of an ellipsoidal obstacle will produce a unique bow shock configuration that includes a concave ...

Investigation of storm time magnetotail and ion injection using three-dimensional global hybrid simulation 

Lin, Y.; Wang, X. Y.; Lu, S.; Perez, J. D.; Lu, Q.; 0000-0001-8003-9252; 0000-0001-5533-5981 (2020-06-05)
Dynamics of the near-Earth magnetotail associated with substorms during a period of extended southward interplanetary magnetic field is studied using a three-dimensional (3-D) global hybrid simulation model that includes ...

Investigation of storm timemagnetotail and ion injection using three-dimensional global hybrid simulation 

Lin, Y; Wang, X; Lu, S; Perez, J; Lu, Q (2022-09-29)
Dynamics of the near-Earth magnetotail associated with substorms during a period of extended southward interplanetary magnetic field is studied using a three-dimensional (3-D) global hybrid simulation model that includes ...

Investigation of the Interaction Between Magnetosheath Reconnection and Magnetopause Reconnection Driven by Oblique Interplanetary Tangential Discontinuity Using Three-Dimensional Global Hybrid Simulation 

Guo, Zhifang; Yu, Lin; Xueyi, Wang; 0000-0002-3728-6319 (2022-09-28)
Magnetosheath reconnection due to the interaction of an interplanetary directional discontinuity with the bow shock and Earth's magnetosphere under an initially northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been ...

Ion Acceleration Inside Foreshock Transients 

Liu, Terry Z.; Lu, San; Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Lin, Yu; Wang, X. Y.; 0000-0001-8003-9252 (2020-05-28)
Recent observations upstream of Earth's bow shock have revealed that foreshock transients can not only accelerate solar wind ions by reflection at their upstream boundaries but may also accelerate ions inside them. Evidence ...

Ion acceleration inside foreshock transients 

Liu, Terry Z.; Lu, San; Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Lin, Yu; Wang, Xueyi; 0000-0003-1778-4289; 0000-0001-5533-5981 (2023-06-17)
Recent observations upstream of Earth's bow shock have revealed that foreshock transients can not only accelerate solar wind ions by reflection at their upstream boundaries but may also accelerate ions inside them. Evidence ...

Ion Bernstein instability as a possible source for oxygen ion cyclotron harmonic waves 

Min, Kyungguk; Denton, Richard E.; Liu, Kaijun; Gary, S. Peter; Spence, Harlan E.; 0000-0001-5882-1328 (2020-06-01)
This paper demonstrates that an ion Bernstein instability can be a possible source for recently reported electromagnetic waves with frequencies at or near the singly ionized oxygen ion cyclotron frequency, Omega(+)(O), and ...

Ion Bernstein instability as a possible source for oxygen ion cyclotron harmonic waves 

Min, Kyungguk; Denton, Richard; Liu, Kaijun; Gary, S. Peter; Spence, Harlan; 0000-0001-5882-1328; 0000-0001-5882-1328; 0000-0002-2526-2205; 0000-0002-4655-2316 (2023-01-18)
This paper demonstrates that an ion Bernstein instability can be a possible source for recently reported electromagnetic waves with frequencies at or near the singly ionized oxygen ion cyclotron frequency, Omega(+)(O), and ...

Ion Bernstein instability dependence on the proton-to-electron mass ratio: Linear dispersion theory 

Min, Kyungguk; Liu, Kaijun; 0000-0001-5882-1328 (2022-10-04)
Fast magnetosonic waves, which have as their source ion Bernstein instabilities driven by tenuous ring-like proton velocity distributions, are frequently observed in the inner magnetosphere. One major difficulty in the ...

Ion Bernstein instability dependence on the proton-to-electron mass ratio: Linear dispersion theory 

Min, Kyungguk; Liu, Kaijun; 0000-0002-2095-8529; 0000-0001-5882-1328 (2020-06-03)
Fast magnetosonic waves, which have as their source ion Bernstein instabilities driven by tenuous ring-like proton velocity distributions, are frequently observed in the inner magnetosphere. One major difficulty in the ...

The ion temperature gradient: An intrinsic property of Earth's magnetotail 

Lu, San; Artemyev, A. V.; Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Lin, Yu; Wang, Xueyi; 0000-0001-8003-9252; 0000-0001-5533-5981 (2020-06-01)
Although the ion temperature gradient along (X GSM) and across (Z GSM) the Earth's magnetotail, which plays a key role in generating the cross‐tail current and establishing pressure balance with the lobes, has been extensively ...

The ion temperature gradient: An intrinsic property of Earth's magnetotail 

Lu, San; Artemyev, A; Angelopoulos, V; Lin, Y; Wang, X (2022-11-01)
Although the ion temperature gradient along (X-GSM) and across (Z(GSM)) the Earth's magnetotail, which plays a key role in generating the cross-tail current and establishing pressure balance with the lobes, has been ...

Kinetic Alfven Waves From Magnetotail to the Ionosphere in Global Hybrid Simulation Associated With Fast Flows 

Cheng, Lei; Lin, Yu; Perez, J; Johnson, Jay; Wang, Xueyi; 0000-0002-9562-1103; 0000-0002-5619-9093 (2022-09-29)
We have used the Auburn Global Hybrid Code in 3-D to study the generation, dynamics, and global structure of kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs) from the magnetotail to the ionosphere. Our results show that KAWs are generated in ...

Kinetic Alfven waves in three-dimensional magnetic reconnection 

Liang, Ji; Lin, Yu; Johnson, Jay R.; Wang, Xueyi; Wang, Zheng-Xiong; 0000-0001-8003-9252; 0000-0001-5533-5981 (2020-06-03)
Alfvenic waves are believed to be fundamentally important in magnetic reconnection. Kinetic dynamics of particles can break the Alfven speed limit in the evolution and propagation of perturbations during reconnection. In ...

Kinetic Alfven waves in three-dimensional magnetic reconnection 

Liang, Ji; Lin, Yu; Johnson, Jay; Wang, Xueyi; Wang, Zheng-Xiong; 0000-0002-9562-1103 (2022-10-27)
Alfvenic waves are believed to be fundamentally important in magnetic reconnection. Kinetic dynamics of particles can break the Alfven speed limit in the evolution and propagation of perturbations during reconnection. In ...

Large increase in dissolved inorganic carbon flux from the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico due to climatic and anthropogenic changes over the 21st century 

Ren, Wei; Tian, Hanqin; Tao, Bo; Yang, Jia; Pan, Shufen; Cai, Wei-Jun; Lohrenz, Steven; He, Ruoying; Hopkinson, Charles; 0000-0002-4840-4835; 0000-0003-2019-9603; 0000-0003-3811-2975; 0000-0002-1806-4091; 0000-0003-3606-8325; 0000-0002-7331-8322; 0000-0001-7920-1427 (2023-01-26)
It is recognized that anthropogenic factors have had a major impact on carbon fluxes from land to the ocean during the past two centuries. However, little is known about how future changes in climate, atmospheric CO2, and ...

Large-Scale High-Speed Jets in Earth's Magnetosheath: Global Hybrid Simulations 

Guo, Jin; Lu, San; Lu, Quanming; Lin, Yu; Wang, Xueyi; Ren, Junyi; Hao, Yufei; Huang, Kai; Wang, Rongsheng; Gao, Xinliang; 0000-0001-9578-6250; 0000-0003-3041-2682; 0000-0002-9950-1029 (2022-11-08)
High-speed jets (HSJs) occur frequently in Earth's magnetosheath downstream of the quasiparallel bow shock. They have great impacts on the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. Using two-dimensional global hybrid simulations, ...

Lattice thermal conductivity of MgO at conditions of Earth's interior 

Tang, Xiaoli; Dong, Jianjun (2020-06-29)
Thermal conductivity of the Earth’s lower mantle greatly impacts the mantle convection style and affects the heat conduction from the core to the mantle. Direct laboratory measurement of thermal conductivity of mantle ...