IOESEATIC.1 -7i"SULTS FOR FLOT ME GROHEP.S
Lilies, Chrysanthemums and 4s cell aneous Crops
Horticulture Series No. 20,
Agricultural Experiment Station
Auburn University
R. Dennis Rouse, Director 1!arch'.1974*.
Auburn, Alabama
CONTEIT TS
page
1. Effect of Pre- and Post- Planting 1Miticide Treatments on 
Bulb Mites
and Growth of E'aster Lily, Lilium longiflorum Thunb . . . . . . . . .
2. Growth Retardant Treatment. Evaluations on Japanese Georgia Easter
Lilies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .. . . 4
3. Germination of Salt and Boron Sensitive Seeds in Municipal Compost
Media . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 7
4. Effect of Various Growth Retardants on Christmas Cherry 
and Christmas
Pepper . .. *.0. . . . . .I. t . . . .
. . . .a.*. . .0. . ... . . . 10
5. An Evaluation of Rieger Elatior Begonias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
6. Boron Toxicity of Two Chrysanthemum Cultivars . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. Growth and Foliar Analysis of Two Chrysanthemum Cultivars Grownm in
Two Soil Media . . . ........... 
. . o ........ . . 16
8. Fertilization of Potted Chrysanthemums with Several Dry-Form Fertili-
zers plus Liquid Fertilization ....... .* .. . . . . ... 21
'ffect of Pre- and Post- Plantiner, T" ticide Treatments on rulb Mites
and Groriyt of Easter Lily, Lilium lonaiflorum Thunb.
7M.ennethC , 'anderson, WTillis C.Martin, Jr.,
P. Frank cueen and lT:onalr. L. Shumacki'
?Tature of T-Tor~k Lirtel.. informiation is available in the literature on mites
occurring on 71aster lily Liliumi lon florm Thamb.Mites have been found to be
universal in occurrence in lily bulbs and revealed to destroy 15% to 20% of a
bulb in shipping. Considerable confusion exists on the species of bulb mite
involved, wr'hether mite invasion is of primary or secondary nature, and the value
of safe and effective control measures. The present investigation considers the
effect of several miticide treatmetis on mite infestations and growth of Georgia
Easter lily.
R-esults: Preplant bulT) dips (15 min) of formetanate-chlorphenamidine, disulfoton,
sar1ex, dicofol, zinophos, and Dasanit, and postplant soil treatments of zinophos-
phorate reduced . bulb mite, TEhizopzlyphus callae Oudemans, populations measured at
flowering (Tal.les 1 and 2). Foliage injury was less on plants grown from bulbs
treated with fornietanate-chilorphenamidine or plants receiving no soil treatment
or a soil application of disulfoton. Soil applications of Dasanit, dimethoate,
disulfoton, zinophos-phorate, and zinophos yielded plants with less root rot than
untreated plants. Preplant-bulb dips of Dasanit, dimethoate, sarolex, or dicofol
produced taller plants than untreated bulbs. Plants grown in zinophos treated
soil wiere taller plants than either check: plants or plants receiving dimethoate or
dasanit. Soil applications of liquid Dasanit produced plants with fewer flowers
in this researc h: F. F. Smith and R. L. Smiley of USDA, ARS, Beltsville, Md.,
and . M. Patterson, Data Analyst, Auburn Univ. (statistir
Table I. Effect of various preplant miticide 
bulb treatments on the
mite control, pIant condition and grotith 
of flowering Easter lily
Foliage Root
condition
Bulb Yt.* No. f lowers
rot (cm.) per plant
Formetanate 3 10., CcCalorphllenamd 
ine 6 0 TV
(?J?-334 or Fundal)
nT.Esulfoton '65.7 LC (Di-Syston) . . . .
Sarolex 50 iT (Diazinon) ... ,*..
Dasanit 63 SC *0 0 a0 00 00
oresta a 5 25.....,.
Denmeton 26.2 EC (Systox) .a, .a.0
Dirvethoate 26.7 'E.C (Cygon) 0 . a . a
Z1-ectran 22.3 EC 40.. *~O 0
Pentac 50 T
althion5 EC00aa a0a00
Chlorobenzilate 4 3C .. ?.aa aa
O-yeetonnethyl 25A4 sc (T/,eta-.Syvstoz&2)
Ohiqorphenamildine .35 UP(EP .333 or Carzol)
Checc . , . . . . . . 0. 0 0 a
Arami te15 TT a Cb 0.0..
7 fl1 rg G.OfY
9.m7 3m1 G0,.3ef
2 ,344mag .. 3ef
l.3inl 06
0 7 Sal CEde f
0 78ra1 l.Cdef
521mg, 2. 3cde
lo3m1 2. 3.de
1 3-m1 2. 5bcd
2 .-l 2.5cd
5 21ng c 3.labc
1. Sm1 3.4abc
1. 3ra1 3 .2.abc
l.3m1 3. V;ab c
781mg 4.3abc
a-0 - 4 * 5ab
2,344mg 5.Oa
T re atgent
Conc.
ner .1 co trol
0.5c
2. Gab
2. Gab
1. 3bc
2. Gab
2. 8a
2. 3ab
I. 8ab
1. gab
2.Oab
3.GOa
2.5ab
2.* 8a
l. 3bc
2. 3ab
1 8ab
2. 3ab
I .Ocd
o. 8cd
o .3d
G.5d
o .8cd
0. Scd
3. 3a
o .3d
Oo 3d
O .5d
2.Sabc,
1.Gced
2.0a-d
0.5d
1. 8a-d
2.GOa-d
2.8Ba
2. Sa
2. 
6
a
2 .6a
3. 3a
1 . Sa
3.GOa
2.5a
2.Ga
3. Ga
2. Sa
2. 3a
2. 3a
2.Oa
3.Oa
2.%3
3 ..3a
47, 3abc
45. 5b c
51.9a
50.3a
49. 7ab
51. la
45.Obc
48. labc
51.3a
43. 3abc
44 .9bc
49 .labc
44.2 c
48 ,Gabc
45. qbc
45 .2bc
48. 6abc
5.9a
5.6a
5.9a
5. 7a
6 .2a
6. OGa
5. la
5 .6a
5.5a
4. 9a
6. Ga
5 .4a
6. Ga
5.6a
5. 3a
5. la
5.5a
Z 
7
atinng for r-ite control and plant condito:0lecletad5=vr or
Y lanspaaioin columns, by Duncan's 
multiple rangre test at the 5% level.
a
o
Table 2. Ef feet of various initicide soil treatments on the mitev'ontrol, plant
condition and growth of f lowemring Easter lily
Treatment Cone. aepe /tz Foliage Root iBulb t o lwr
ml per 15 cm pot control condition rot (c. pepln
Zinophos 15G and Phorate
(Thimet) 7.5rO 000 w". am -1- ,g 01.3cY 3.8a' O05b 3*6a46a5Sb
Dimethoate26.7EHC . .a a * .2.60 lO0m]..0. 8bc 3.8a 
0.5b 3.Oa 5% .b
Disulfoton l1OG (Di-Syston) . -2.lg l.lbc 2.8abc 
0.5b 1.8a48.a .a
Dasi-nit lOG . ..--- l7g l.4abc 3.Oab 
O.8b 3.4a 0Ob .a
Dasinit 63 SC .0.. 0 .. .0.78 lO0mI 1. Sabc 2.Sabc O.5b 
2.4a,, 8b56
Zinophos 4 EC & 0. .. 0..0.0.78 lO0ml 2.3abc l.8bc 0.8b 
2.8a; 33 6Sb
Zectran-22.3 EC 0 2. 60 0 lOMI 3.8a 2.Sabc 
2.3ab 3.la49.a 6lb
Disulfoton 65.7 ]EC (Di-syston) 0.73 lO0m]. 3 .lab 1I5C 
1.8a 2.1 83a .b
Check ............- --- 3. 8a 1.5c 3.3a 
2SA 4.bG2b
Oxydemeton-methyl 25.4 SC
(Ileta-Systox-*R) 1.,30 100Ml.1.8a 2.5bc 2.3ab 
3.1a4- .a 72
z Ratingfor mite control and plant condition: 0 = excellent and 5 g-verUy poor.
Y 1i1ean separation, in colurms, 
by Duncan' s multiple range 
test at the 5% level.
Publications: Sane-eison, K. C.,'U. C, Martin, Jr., 
1. Frca-nk McQueen and
of mitecides on Lilium longiflorum-Thunb. cv Georgia. 
Florist Review
Ronald L. Shumack.
153: 19-20, 54.
19740 Effectiveness
wm O,
_..Q
r
A
Growth Retardant Treatment Evaluations on Japanese
Georgia Easter Lilies
Kenneth C. Sanderson and illis C. Martin, Jr.
Nature of Work: Pre-cooled Japanese Georgia Easter lily bulbs were 
potted
into soil-peat-perlite media on December 27, 1971. Prior to planting, the
medium was amended with 150 g limestone and 30 g superphosphate per bu. Pots
were placed in a glasshouse at a minimum night temperature of 620 F. Upon the
emergence of shoots on approximately January 11 and until February 11, the
plants were lighted from 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. each night using cyclic lighting.
On February 25, the growth retardants listed in Table 3 were initiated. A
randomized complete block design was used in applying treatments to 10 plants
in 2 replications. Plant height and number of flowers per plant was recorded
at flowering.
Results: CEPA treatments of 200 ppm and 100 ppm caused abortion of lily buds
and records were not taken on height and flower number for these treatments.
CEPA is an effective retardant on Japanese Georgia Easter lily and might be
used in situations where flower buds are undesirable, e.g. bulb production.
Ancymidol drenched plants exhibited stem weakening and several plant stems
snapped off in handling. Ancymidol and 100 ppm CEPA drenched plants exhibited
the greatest height reduction (Table 4). At the concentrations used in this
experiment, CBBP every 2 weeks, NIA 10637 sprays and DPX 1820 spray had very
little effect on lily height. The most number of flowers per plant was observed
on plants treated with 125 - 150 ppm ancymidol sprays (Table 4). Severe
reduction in flower number occurred with 100 ppm CEPA drenches and 1000 ppm
NIA 10637 spray.
Publications: None.
Table 3. Growth retardant treatments used on Japanese 
Georgia Easter Lilies.
ERetardantZ Application Amount Concentration
(ppm)
Check
CEPA
CEPA
GE P?
Ancymidol
Ancymidol
Ancymidol
Ancymnidol
Ancymidol
Ancymidol
Ancymidol
Ancymidol
Ancymidol
II'IA 10637
INIA 10637
NIlA 10637
DPX 1820
Singl
Single
Single
Single
Drench
Single
Single
Single
Drench
Single
Single
drench
drench
drench
drench
every 2 weeks
drench 240m1
drench 240m1
drench 240m1
drench 240m1
every 2- weeks
spray
spray
240m1
240m1
2 40mi1
2 40n1
240n1
240mn1
240m?1
240mn1
240mn1
~~4*4
~cc~qr
Spray 2 applications
2 weeks apart
Single spray
Single spray
Single spray
Single spray
Treatment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
100
2 00
400
700
230
2
4
6
8
2
100
125
150
200
50
250
500
1,000
1,250
Z Retardants were CEPA (Anchem's 
Etherel(R0 or ethephon), Ancymidol 
(Eli
Lily's A-Rest(R), NIA 10637 
(Niagara Chemical's experimental 
material)
and DPX- 1820 (Dupont's experimental 
material).
I IVII~~UPI I~ UUI~I) IIQI DCU LIII U~DUWYIOWnlOU) iiPm' I YWYI~~ U1(C~MLU II1~YIOI
6
Table 4. Effect of various growth retardant treatments on lily height
and floTer number
Treatmentz It(cm) No. flowers per plant
None 54.9 2.8
100 ppm CEPA drench 36.2 1.7
200 ppm CEPA drench
400 ppm CEPA drench
700 ppm CBBP drench every 43.6 3o2
230 ppm CBBP drench every 2 wyk 49.9 3.1
2 ppm Ancymidol drench 38.3 3.0
4 ppm Ancymidol drench 28.9 2.9
6 ppm Ancymidol drench 28.2 2.8
8 ppm Ancymidol drench 26.5 2.5
2 ppm Ancymidol drench
every 2 wk 31.2 3.1
100 ppm Ancymidol spray 47.3 2,9
125 ppm Ancymidol spray 47.2 3.5
150 ppm Ancymidol spray 46.7 3.3
200 ppm Ancymido- spray 42.6 3.4
50 ppm Ancymidol spray
2 applications 47.5 2.7
250 ppm NIA 10637 50.5 3.0
500 ppm NIA 10637 48.1 2.8
1,000ppm NIA 10637 49.5 1.9
1,250 ppm DPX 1820 53.1 3.0
Z Retardants were CEPA (Amchen's Etherel(R) or ethephon) Ancymidol (Eli
Lily' s A-Rest(R)), NIA 10637 (Niagara Chemical's experimental material)
and DPX 1820 (Dupont's experimental material).
Publications: None.
Germination of Salt and Boron Sensitive Seeds
in Municipal Compost Media
Kenneth C. Sanderson
Nature of Work: M unicipal compost which had been treated with (Sewage Com-
post) and without raw sewage (Mobile Aid) prior to 12-16 weeks composting
was compared with imported German peat moss as a germination media. Compost
consisted of ground paper, metal, plastic and assorted trash of the City of
Mobile, Alabama. Previous work revealed the compost to contain considerable
boron and heavy metals and have a high p which was resistant to change and
high soluble salts. Ten seeds of vegetables selected with reference to salt
and boron tolerance were so~r in the following pasteurized media: (i) Sewage
Compost, (2) Mobile Aid, (3) Sewage Compost and Sand, (4) Mobile Aid and Sand,
(5) Sphagnum Peat oss and Sand, (6) Sexwtage Compost and Soil, (7) Mobile Aid
and Soil, (8) Sphagnum Peat Moss and Soil. Germination was carried out in a
greenhouse using mist and a night temperature of 700 F. Weekly records were
taken on germination for 6 weeks after sowing.
Results: SeTage-compost and Mobile Aid compost did not influence the germi-
nation of vegetable species with various degrees of salt tolerance (Table 5).
Rutgers tomato had poor germination in sewage-compost and Mobile Aid compost;
however, peat and sand yielded much poorer germination not only with tomato but
also with cabbage and radish. Considering boron tolerance, germination was
more adversely affected by peat anid sand media than sewage-compost or Mobile
Aid compost (Table 6); however, navy bean, a boron sensitive plant, had the
poorest germination in Mobile Aid compost (Tables 6 and 7). Generally, the
growth of all seedlings was best in sewage-compost or Mobile Aid and soil.
Publications: None,
Table 5. Influence of sewage-compost, lMobile Aid compost.- and peat.-amended
media on the germination percentage of vegetable species w,,ith
relative salt tolerancel'
Salt Tolerance
Kale
'Blue Curled
Scotch
Tomato
'Rutgers
'tedium
Tomato Cabbage
Dv V Tiny 'Marioe
Time Market'
% Germination
Sewage-compost .... a........ 86132 92 94 96
Mobile Aid compost . .0 . .... .*96 70 92 96 3
Sewage-compost and sand .0.. . . ...0 96 92 98 84 98
Mobile Aid compost and sand ...... 92 92 32 96 92
Peat andsand,.0 .,0 ............. 82 68 80 74 78
Sewage-com-post and soil ... ,. 96 72 96 80 80
Mobile Aid compost garbage and soil 04. 98 84 90 90 90
Peat and sol . 96 80 83 84 92
-Relative salt tolerance from. a list prepared by Berg, C. Vande. 1950. The
Influence of Salt in the Soil on the Yield of Agricultural Crops. Fourth
International Congress Soil Science. Trans. 1-411-413.
Table 6. Influence of seTiage-coinipost, Mobile Aid compost.- and peat-amended media
on germjlqation percentage of boron tolerant and sensitive vegetable
species-
Media T ole rant Sensitive
Broadbean Cabbage Iflavy Bean
vLong Pod Fava 'Marion Market' 'Vnite Narroyf at'
% Germination
Sewage-compost * * . . . . 30 94 92
Mobile-Aid compost..........84 96 88
Sewage-compost anLid sand .... 56 84 98
M1obile Aid compost and sand G a 64 96 92
Peat and sand ...00 .06 .0 ..0 44 74 98
Sewage-compost and soil. . 60 80 100
Mobile--Aid and soil'.... 72 90 98
Peat and soi . . , . . 60 84 92
Relative tolerance determ-ined by Eaton, F. 14. 1935. Boron in Soils and
Irrigation Water and Its Effects on Plants with Particular Reference to San
Joaquin Valley of California. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 448. 131 pp.*
Media
Low
Radish
'Cherry
Belle
--- ---- -- -- -- --
9
Table 7. Influence of Garbage-Sludge-, Garbage and Peat-Amended Media on
the Germination of Semitolerant Boron Speciesl
/
Sun floter Tomato Tomato Radish Lima Bean
'Hammouth Rutgers' 'Tiny 'Cherry 'Fordhook'
Russian' Tim' Belle'
% Germination
Garbage-sludge . ... 72 82 92 96 96
Garbage ........ 74 70 92 88 88
Garbage-sludge-and sand . 92 92 98 98 88
Garbage and sand ..... 80 92 82 92 100
Peat and sand ... ... 52 68 80 78 94
Garbage-sludge and soil . 80 72 96 80 94
Garbage and soil . . . . . 94 84 90 90 82
Peat and soil ...... 76 80 88 92 90
Pelative tolerance from a list prepared by Eaton, F. 1. 1935. Boron in
Soils and Irrigation Water and Its Effects on Plants with Particular
Reference to the San Joaquin Valley of California. U. S. Dept. Agr.
Tech. Bull. 448, 131 pp.
10
Effect of Various Growth Retardants on
Christmas Cherry and Christmas Pepper
Kenneth C. Sanderson and Willis C. Martin, Jr.
Nature of Work: Christmas cherry, Solanum pseudo-capsicum and Christmas
pepper, Capsicum frutescens plants in 15 cm pots were treated on August 10
with the following retardants: (1) none, (2) 5,000 ppm SAD-I (B-Nine) spray,
(3) 100 ppm Ancymidol (AORest) spray, (4) 200 ppm Ethephon drench, (5) 1,679
ppm Chlormequat (Cycocel) spray, (6) 3,358 ppm Chlormequat drench and
(7) 729 ppm CBBP (Phosfon) drench.
Drenches were applied at the rate of 180 ml of solution per 15 cm pot.
Five drops of surfactant were added to all sprays except SADH prior to
spraying until runoff.
Results: None of the retardant treatments used had any effect on the height,
flowering, fruiting or appearance of Christmas cherries or Christmas peppers.
Publications: None.
11
An Evaluation of Rieger Elatior Begonias
Kenneth C. Sanderson and Willis C. Martin, Jr.
Nature of Work: Rieger elatior begonias were hybridized and 
developed by the
firm of Otto Rieger, Nurtingen, Germany. Plants 
used in this experiment to
determine if they could be produced. 
in Alabama were furnished by 
4ikkelsens,
Inc. Tho hundred 5.6 cm pots of 7 cultivars of Rieger begonias were potted
into 15 cm pots on August 7, 1971. Cultivars used included: Aphrodite Cherry
Red, Aphrodite Red, Aphrodite Rose, Aphrodite Pink, Schwabenland Orange,
Schwabenland Pink, and Schwabenland Red. Potting media consisted of 1.1:1:3
soil, sphagnum peat moss, perlite and Jiffy-Mix (a commercial peat-lite mix
consisting of peat moss and vermiculite). The pH of the media was near 5.5,
so no adjustment was made. Osmocote 14-14-14 was added to the media prior
to potting at the rate of 1.6 kg per m
3
. Fertilization also consisted of
20-20-20 liquid applied every 2 weeks at the rate 227 g per 379 &. The plants
were grown in a lightly shaded, air-cooled greenhouse. Later in the crop the
cooling system was found to contribute to the disease problem so cooling was
restricted to the daylight hours; however, the fans were permitted to operate
continuously. A Chapin water system was employed in watering to minimize
disease. The plants were drenched'with 227 g per 379 Z each of Dexon and
Benlate at potting and on October 7. A Benlate spray was applied on October 14.
Biotrol was used as a spray for worms on September 2. Plants were covered
with black cloth daily, 4:30 p.m. to 7:30 a.m., starting on September 20 and
ending on October 20. The black cloth was used to shorten plant growth and
to develop uniform flowering.
Results: Plants were in flower and in a salable condition on October 25.
Approximately 10 weeks growing time was required to produce this crop. This
12
amount of growing time is less than that required for most chrysanthemums
or other major flowering pot plants grown in Alabama. The high initial cost
of Reiger elatior begonias (49 to 56 cents each) is probably more than com-
pensated for by this short term in the greenhouse and high wholesale price
(other begonias selling for $2.00 - $2.50 do not compare in quality).
Foliage diseases, especially mildew and botrytis, were production prob-
lems. Early in the growth of the plants, mildew appeared to be spotting
the leaves; however, black sunken areas were noted later on some leaves and
identified as being caused by botrytis.
The two flowering groups grown in this experiment were Aphrodite and
Schwabenland. The Aphrodite plants had heart-shaped dark green foliage, full
double azalea-like blooms, and generally were taller than the Schwabenland
plants. Aphrodite Red and Rose were quite similar in color; however, petals
of flowers on the Red showed some fading with age. Aphrodite Cherry Red was
a more brilliant red than the other Aphrodites. Aphrodite Pink produced
lighter green foliage, which appeared less susceptible to disease than the
other Aphrodites. Growth of Aphrodite Pink is not as strong or upright as
the other Aphrodites (the Pink is probably recommended for hanging baskets
for this reason). Schwabenland plants were heavier stemmed, stronger and
more erect growing than the Aphrodites. Flowers wTere semi-double with a
yellow eye. Foliage was similar to the Aphrodites.
Publications: None.
13
Boron Toxicity of Two Chrysanthemum Cultivars
G, Jay Gogue and Kenneth C. Sanderson
Nature of Work: The purpose of this research was: (1) to determine the foliar
boron content of two chrysanthemum cultivars when B was added to the media in
various amounts, (2) to establish toxic foliar levels and (3) to study the effects
of B addition on growth. Concentrations of B ranging from 13 ppm to 800 ppm
were applied (100 ml per 15 cm pot) to the media of the chrysanthemum cultivars
Improved Albatross and CF No. 2 Good News.
Results: Element content and growth was influenced by B addition. Increases
in B concentration applied generally increased foliar B (Fig. 1). Seasonal
variation was observed in injury time with toxicity symptoms appearing sooner
in an April to May experiment than in a December to March experiment and in
foliar toxic levels. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed at foliar levels
of 236 ppm in Improved Albatross and 350 ppm in CF No. 2 Good News 4 days after
B application in an April to Nay experiment, while 7 to 28 days were required to
produce symptoms at foliar levels of 159 ppm in Improved Albatross and 144 ppm
in CF No. 2 Good News in a December to March experiment. Foliar N, P, K, and
Zn content increased with increases in B concentration applied. Length and
weight of flowering stems and diameter and dry weight of flowers decreased with
increases in B concentration applied (Table 9). Foliar B levels exceeding 100
ppm reduced growth.
Publications:
Gogue, G. J. 1970. Boron, sodium and zinc tolerance of chrysanthemums grown in
processed garbage amended media. Masters thesis, Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala. 116 p.
Gogue, G. J. and K. C. Sanderson. 1973. Boron tolerance of Chrysanthemum
morifolium Ramat. Hdrthiehce B ... i C8:
1./ Former graduate student and Associate Professor respectively.Agr. Exp. Sta.
Auburn Univ. Auburn, Alabama. Dr. Gogue's present address: Ecological
Services, Hiss. Test Station, Dept. of Interior Bay, St. Louis, MS.
14
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400oo
300
200
BORON APPLIED PPM
Fig. 1. Foliar B conc. of two chrysanthemum cultivars treated 
with
a single B application.
* Improved Albatross
0O CF2 Good News
--- Dec.- Mar. Experiment
-. Apr.- May Experiment
CL
CL
1.
Z
0
0
m
100
15
Table 9. Mlean flowering stem length and flower diameter of
chrysanthemums treated with boroix
Growth D~ata B3 Treatments (ppm
0 100 200 400 800
Stem lengvth (cmi)0* 52.5aZ 46.9ab 4 1. 4ab 35.lab 26*Ob
Flower diam. (cm) 11l.8a -1.2a 10.lalbc 9.Obcd 7o3d
Z 'Mean separation, in ro-Ts, by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level
0
16
Growth and Foliar Analysis of Two Chrysanthemum
Cultivars Grown in Two Soil Media
G. Jay Gogue and K. C. 
Sanderson /
Nature of Work: Chrysanthemums, cv. 'Improved Albatross' and cv. 'CF 
No.
2 Good News' were grown in two media: 1:1 soil and peat 
and 1:1:1 soil, per-
lite and peat. Both media were adjusted to a pH of 6.0 with 
either CaCO
3 
or
So Gypsum and Superphosphate were added to the adjusted 
media at the rate of
28.4g/23 k and 56.7 g per 23 Z, respectively. Beginning I week after plant-
ing and continuing until flowering, a constant fertilization program of 200
ppm N, P, and K (from 
reagent grade chemicals) 
was applied at each watering.
The growth and foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Al, B, Na, and Zn were examined
with leaf samples being taken 1 week after the end of vegetative 
lighting
period at approximately the fifth or sixth node.
Results: No differences were observed in the fresh weight and length to the
two media (Tables 10 and 11). Foliar N, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Na content 
of
the two cultivars was similar in both media. Both cultivars absorbed more
Ca when grown in soil, perlite and peat (Table 12). 'Improved Albatross'
accumulated more K, Mn, Al, B, and Zn when grown in soil, perlite and peat
than when gromwn in soil and peat. The foliar values for the 12 elements 
are
not in complete agreement with those reported by 
other researchers but are
believed to be a useful measure of "optimum" mineral 
content.
Publications:
G. J. Gogue. 1970. Boron, sodium and zinc tolerance 
of chrysanthemums grown
in processed garbage amended media. Masters' Thesis, 
Auburn University,
Auburn, Ala. 116 p.
Gogue, G. J. and K. C. Sanderson. 1973. Foliar analysis 
of two chrysanthemum
cultivars grown in two soil media. Florist Review 153: 
63-65.
1/ Former graduate student and Associate Professor, 
respectively, Agr. Exp. Sta.
Auburn Univ. Auburn, Ala. Dr. Gogue's present address: 
Ecological Services,
Miss. Test Sta., Dept. of Interior, Bay St. Louis, MS.
17
Table 10. Growth and foliar nutrient concentration of chrysanthemum
grown in 2 media
Measurement Media
Growth data -Soil and eat Soil pat and perlite
Flowering stem fresh wt. (g) ... 66aA' 42b
Flower dry wt. (g). ...... 17a 14b
Stem length (cm)............84a 62b
Flower diameter (cm) .. . . .13a l2b
Foliar concentration
11% 0 0 0 * a a 0 0 a 5.5a4,,8b
P% ......................... a .0.7a 0.5b
K . . . . 0 # ..1. .a .0 . 5e4b 7.2b
Ca%...........0 .a 0*0*ID 0 a * .0l.Ob 1.3a
.............. 0.4a 0.2b
Mn ppm.............296a 318a
Fe ppm 9 0 Q 0 0 0 0 101a 98a
Cu PPM...a... 39b 54a
Al pp m....a..o1.63b 240a
B ppm *a.to . . 0 a .0 . 0 . a 103b 191a
Na ppm..............301b 522a
Zn ppm.................67b 129a
MenZepraio, -n7os, by Duncan's 
multiple range test, 5% level.
18
Table 11. Effect of media on flowering stem fresh weight, flower dry weight,
stem length, and flower diameter of 2 chrysanthemum cultivars
Media, ! Growth data
Flowering stem Flower dry Stem Flower
fresh wt. (g) wt. (g) length (cm) diam. (cm)
mp edAlbatross
SPtp....
CF No. 2 Good N~ews
SP .
SPtp. .
82.89a2/
80. 30a
S. 105.27a
110009a
Media were: SP) 11 Soil:Peat and SPtP) 1:1: 1
V'Means separations, separations for cultivar in
r ange at the 5% level.
SoilPerlite:Peat.
columns, by Duncan' s multiple
2.98a
3.17a
3. 82a
3.76a
76.38a
59.6 8b
93. 48a
93. 73a
110 a
11. 38a
15. 15 a
15 .53a
s o
19
Table 12. Foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al, B, Na, and Zn
concentration of 2 chrysanthemum cultivars grown in
amended media
Elements Medial/
Cultivars
Improved Albatross CF No. 2 Good 
News
N (%) SP 5.S2aYJ 5.37a
SPtP 5.28a 5.28a
P (%) SP .68a 
.75a
SPtP .69a .77a
K (%) SP 5.28b 6.15a
SPtP 6.24a 6.27a
Ca (%) SP .78b l.21b
SPtP .99a 1.38a
Mg (%) SP .32a .51a
SPtP .32a .51a
Mn (ppm) SP 252.Ob 340.5a
SPtP 282.Oa 361.5a
Fe (ppm) SP 102.Oa 100.Oa
SPtP 106.Oa 103.2a
Cu (ppm) SP 
41.5a 37.Oa
SPtP 37.2a 32.7a
Al (ppm) SP 155.5b 181.Oa
SPtP 217.5a 200.Oa
20
Table 12. (cont'd)
Elements
B (ppm)
Na (ppm)
Zn (ppm)
Media;:-
Gui tivars
Improved Albatross CF No. 2 Good News
SP
SptP
SP
SF U?
SP
sptP
100.5b
130.2 a
346,Oa
415.Oa
75 a7b
65.7a
104.7a
103.7a
306. Oa
294 .Oa
57.5a
57.2a
Mfedia were: SP) l1:1 Soil:Peat and SPtP) 1:1:1 Soil:Ferlite:Feate
Means separation, in columns, by Duncan's multiple range test at the
5% level.
Z :
22
Fertilization of Potted Chrysanthemums with Several Dry-Form
Fertilizers-plus Liquid Fertilization
Kenneth C. Sanderson and Willis C. Martin, Jr.
Nature of Work: Previous years' research indicated that two urea-form
fertilizers plus liquid fertilization yielded plants with the most flowers.
Three experiments were conducted in 1971 to test four urea-form fertilizers
and three non-urea-form fertilizers. All fertilizers were used in conjunc-
tion with applications of 25-10-10 at the 2-1/2 lb. per 100 gal. every 2
weeks. Fertilizer treatments incorporated prior to planting were: (1) check,
none; (2) 12 g Agriform tablet (14-4-6) per pot; (3) Nitroform Urea (38-0-0)
88 g per 23 k; (4) Sta-Green (12-6-6) 264 g per 23 Z; (5) Sulfur-coated
urea (38.6-0-0) 88 g per 23 t; (6) Osmocote (14-14-14) 264 g per 23 k; (7) 8-8-8,
339 g per 23 A; (8) Mag-Amp (7-40-6) 339 g per 23 . Media consisted of
1:1:1 soil, peat and perlite amended with 200 g of limestone and 60 g of
superphosphate per 23 X. Five cuttings of the cultivar 'Yellow Mandalay'
were potted in a 15 cm pot. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were conducted during
February 17 to May 6; March 2 to May 25; and March 16 to June 9, respectively.
Results: Osmocote, a non-urea fertilizer produced the tallest plants;
however, sulfur-coated urea plants were only a centimeter less in height
(Table 13). The check yielded the shortest plants and the fewest flowers
per plant. Osmocote, the best treatment, produced 1.7 more flowers per
plant than the check treatment. These experiments differ from previous
work. Differences might be due to unequal amounts of nitrogen applied and
a different rate of breakdown of urea in previous experiments.
Publications: None.
22
Table 13. Height and number of flowers per plant of Yellow Mandalay
Chrysanthemums Fertilized with Various Dry-Form Fertilizers
Plus Liquid Fertilization (2 lb. 25-10-10 every 2 weeks)
Treatment Height Number of flowers
(cm) per plant
Check ........... . . . 26.5 3.7
12g Agriform tablet 14-4-6 . . 28.7 4.7
Nitroform Urea 38-0-0 . . . . . 27.8 4.3
Sta-Green 12-6-6 . . . . . . . 27.8 4.5
Sulfur-coated Urea 38-0-0 . . . 30.2 4.4
Osmocote 14-14-14 . . . . . . . 31.1 5.4
8-8-8 .... ............. .. 28.2 4.9
Mag-Amp 7-40-6 . . . . . . . . 29.7 5.1