VOLUME 15, NO. 2

SUMMER

1968

HIGHLIGHTS
OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH-

AGRICULTURAL

EXPERIMENT

STATION

FIRST YEAR GROWTH
of hardwood seedlings responds to fertilizer, see page 3

A UB UR N

U NIV ERSITY

HIGH-LIGHTS of Agricultural Research
A Quarterly Report of Research Serving All of Alabama VOLUME 15, NO. 2
SUMMER 1968

1~3
Published by AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION of AUBURN UNIVERSITY

%o44cU4ae00t
TREE SEEDLING RESPONSES TO FERTILIZATION AND SLOPE-

Auburn, Alabama

Makes Comparisons of Various Hardwood Species
ULTRA-Low VOLUME SPRAYS OFFER NEW INSECT CONTROL

3

E. V.

SMITH

-- -_

- New Control Technique for Cotton Insect Pests 4

NEMATODE-RESISTANT

SERICEA Now POSSIBLE - Seven 5 New Breeding Lines Developed Through Research

R. D. ROUSE ...... CHAS. F. SIMMONS _ T. E. CORLEY ..... KENNETHI B. RoY E. L. McGRAw R. E. STEVENSON -

Director Associate Director Assistant Director Assistant Director -Editor Associate Editor _Associate Editor

Editorial Advisory

Committee: R. D.

WHAT ATTRACTS BITING FLIES TO THEIR HOSTS?-

Insect

ROUSE; W. T. DUMAS, Associate Profes-

Attractants Effectiveness Discussed
HERBICIDES FOR POSTEMERGENCE WEED CONTROL IN SoY-

6 7 8

sor of Agricultural Engineering; R. T.
GUDAUSKAS, Associate Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology; T. DON CANERDAY,

BEANS -

Effective Against Late Weeds Can Eliminate with-

Assistant Professor of Zoology-Entomology; AND KENNETH B. RoY.

MACHINE STRIPPING UNNECESSARY -

ew and 7imely
PUBLICATIONS
Listed here are timely and new publications reporting research by the Agricultural Experiment Station. Bul. 375. Soil Test Theory and Calibration for Cotton, Corn, Soybeans, and Coastal Bermudagrass. Bul. 376. Response of Cotton to Lime in Field Experiments. Bul. 377. Homemakers' Response to Food Information in Mass Media of-Anniston, Birmingham, Montgomery. Bul. 378. Meat Buying Habits of Urban Homemakers. Cir. 160. Variation in Seeds and Ovulate Cones of Some Species and Varieties of Cupressus. Cir. 161. Relative Responses of Grain and Annual Forage Crops to Lime, Phosphrous, and Potassium on Norfolk Sandy Loam. Leaf. 73. Atkinson-A New Rootknot and Nematode Resistant Tomato Variety. Prog. Rept. 84. Rainfall Distribution in Alabama. Prog. Rept. 89. Soil Fertility Experiments with Peanuts in 1967. Free copies may be obtained from your County Extension Chairman or by writing the Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama.

out Harming Dairy Cows
IMPLICATION OF CHANGE IN AD VALOREM TAXATION OF

TIMBER - Production Increases Likely
APPLICATION AND KINDS OF SWEETPOTATO FERTILIZER
-

9 10
Ex-

Outlines Fertilizer Treatments and Results
INTERACTION OF NITROGEN AND BORON FOR COTTON-

periments Indicate Boron Needed by all Cotton ------- 11
LEAF SCORCH
-

NEW OR OLD PEANUT DISEASE?

-

First

12 Found in Alabama in 1966 but not A New Disease ...
FRESH MILK SUBSTITUTES
-

ARE THEY

COMPETITIVE? -

Fresh Fluid Milk is Being Challenged
SUMMER VACATION NEEDED BY FESCUE- Rest Period In-

13 14

creases Cool Season Production
PLUM STORAGE PROVED PRACTICAL-

Extends Marketing 15 Season to Avoid Price Depressing Surplus 16

FARM OPERATORS' POTENTIAL FOR OCCUPATION-INCOME -

Gives Prospects of Change in Present Setup

Here is a sycamore seedling one year af,'cr fertilizer treatment.

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How summer cutting affected fall and winter forage production of Kentucky 31 and Goar fescue during 2-year test at Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassec, is illustrated by the graphs.

PLUM STORAGE PROVED PRACTICAL
can extend marketing season to avoid price drop from over-supply
JOSEPH D. NORTON, Department of Horticulture

PLUM

GROWERS can extend their marketing season 6 weeks or longer without growing additional varieties. Fruit of certain varieties retained their market quality in cold storage for long periods in tests at Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station. Thus, cold storage extends the time for marketing, helps avoid a surplus on the market, and decreases losses from spoilage. Generally regarded as unsuitable for cold storage, plums usually have been stored only a few days to avoid a temporary surplus on the market. But the Auburn results show that plum market life can be extended with cold storage, as is true for many other fruits. This is
TABLE 1.

possible because cold storage retards the ripening process and prevents or slows development of decay organisms. The Auburn plum storage study was begun in the summer of 1963. Fruit of 13 varieties were harvested and packed in quart containers and immediately placed in cold storage at 300, 350, and 70'F. Degree of ripeness, color, and condition of the fruit were recorded;. Four 10-fruit samples of each variety were removed from storage every 2 weeks. Two days after removal to room temperature, determinations were made of degree of ripeness, juiciness, texture, flavor, and amount of wilting and decay. All of these characteristics were satisfacAT

tory for marketable fruit when removed from storage. Length of Storage How each variety responded to storage is shown by data in the tables. Varieties that retained market quality for the longest time were Mammoth Cardinal, Santa Rosa, and Sapa. At storage temperature of 35°F, these plums stored well for 10 to 12 weeks and remained marketable for 6 to 12 days after being removed from storage. Satsuma, Methley, Giant Cherry, Early Gold, and Shiro varieties stored well for 6 to 8 weeks at 35' . After removal from storage they were in marketable condition for 4 to 10 days. Ozark Premier and Brilliant market quality for 4 to 6 weeks age at 35'. Beauty and Burbank and selections of native plums store well. retained of storvarieties did not

MARKETABLE FRUIT OF PLUM VARIETIES AFTER STORAGE 30' AND 70'F, 1963-66

Vari

yPer

ety

3 days

cent marketable after storage for different periods

6 days

9 days

12 days

14 days

Per cent 80'F storage temrperature
Santa Rosa -

Per cent
60

Per cent
25

Per cent
10

Per cent
Temperature and Maturity Effects, 0

85"

Methley Ozark Premier Native
700F storage temperature

70 65 35

45 40 10

15 10 0

0 0 0 20 0 0 0

0 0 0 5 0 0 0

Best results were with storage at 85F. Fruit held at this temperature stored longer than under 300 or 700 storage. Considerable freezing injury was found in fruit held at 300. At 700 storage, fruit continued to ripen at a rapid rate and there was rapid deterioration in general condition, texture, and flavor. Wilting and decay developed rapidly at 700. Degree of maturity at harvest affected keeping quality of fruit. For most varieties there was a short period when fruit was at the proper ripeness for harvest, and it was difficult to determine when this stage was reached. However, the Santa Rosa variety had a relatively long period when it could be harvested. It was found that Methley variety must be harvested while fruit is still firm. Since plum fruit are perishable, there is no justification for storing them unless increased returns will compensate for cost and risk involved. Storage of fruit at 35°F during short periods of surplus was shown to be practical. Necessity was shown for careful harvesting to avoid bruising fruit when placing in containers. 15

100 Santa Rosa 95 Methley 90 Ozark Premier 20 Native All varieties had freezing injury at 300 storage
TABLE 2.

45 80 20 70 65 15 5 0 temperature.

MARKETABLE FRUIT OF PLUM VARIETIES AFTER STORAGE AT

35F, 1963-66

Per cent marketable after storage for different
Variety periods at 350

2 weeks Per cent
Sapa

4 weeks Per cent
100

6 weeks Per cent
100

8 weeks Per cent
100

12 weeks Per cent
100

Santa Rosa----------Mammoth Cardinal Methley ------------------Satsuma Giant Cherry
Early Gold
-100

-100

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
80

100 100 100 100 100
100

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Ozark Premier--.............-

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