Evaluations of Corn Hybrids in Alabama, 2005 Agronomy and Soils Departmental Series No. 270 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Richard Guthrie, Director Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, November 2005 Printed in cooperation with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to the following supervisory personnel of the outlying units whose quality work makes this a reliable source of information for farmers in their areas. Chet Norris, Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center; Tony Dawkins, Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center; Don Moore, Prattville Research Unit; Bobby Durbin and Steve Nightengale, E.V. Smith Research Center; Randy Akridge, Brewton Research Unit; Larry Wells and Brian Gamble, Wiregrass Research and Extension Center; Ronnie McDaniel and Malcomb Pegues, Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center. Information contained herein is available to all persons regardless of race, color, sex, or national origin. Issued in furtherarnce of Cooperative Extension work in agriculture and home economic, Acts of May 8, and June 30, 1914, and other related acts, in cooperation with the U.S. department of Agriculture. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) offers educational programs, materials, and equal opportunity employment to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, or disbility TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Table 1. Locations and Cultural Practices for the 2005 Corn Hybrid Tests ..................................................... 3 NORTHERN ALABAMA Table 2. Two- and Three-year Yield and Lodging Averages for Corn in Northern Alabama, 2003-2005 ........... 4 Table 3. 2005 Yield of Corn Hybrids by Location and Regional Averages of Hybrid Characteristics in Northern Alabama .................................................................................................................... 5 Table 4. Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance and Characteristics, Belle Mina, Alabama, 2005 ......................... 6 Table 5. Early Corn Hybrid Performance and Characteristics, Crossville, Alabama, 2003-2005 ....................... 7 Table 6. Preliminary Corn Hybrid Performance and Characteristics, Crossville, Alabama, 2003-2005 .............. 7 CENTRAL ALABAMA Table 7. One, Two- and Three-year Yield and Lodging Averages for Corn at Prattville in Central Alabama, 2003-2005 ................................................................................................................................... 8 Table 8. One, Two- and Three-year Yield and Lodging Averages for the No-Till Early Corn Hybrid Test at Shorter in Central Alabama, 2003-2005 ......................................................................................... 9 Table 9. One, Two- and Three-year Yield and Lodging Averages for the Early Corn Hybrid Test at Shorter in Central Alabama, 2003-2005 ....................................................................................... 10 SOUTH ALABAMA Table 10. Two- and Three-year Yield and Lodging Averages for Corn in Southern Alabama, 2003-2005 .......... 11 Table 11. Yield of Corn Hybrids by Location and Regional Averages of Hybrid Characteristics in Southern Alabama, 2005 ......................................................................................................... 12 Table 12. Irrigated Corn Hybrid Performance and Characteristics, Headland, Alabama, 2003-2005 ................. 13 Table 13. Early Corn Hybrid Performance and Characteristics, Fairhope, Alabama, 2003-2005 ...................... 14 RAINFALL, SOIL TYPES AND SEED SOURCES Table 14. Growing Season Rainfall, 2003-2005 .......................................................................................... 15 Table 15. Soil Types for Corn Trials, 2005 .................................................................................................. 16 Sources of 2005 Corn Hybrid Test Seed ...................................................................................................... 16 2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION EVALUATION OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA K.M. Glass and E. van Santen Agricultural Program Associate. and Professor, Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, AL 36849 INTRODUCTION Selected corn hybrids are evaluated annually by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station as a service to producers and industry. These tests are conducted throughout the state in an attempt to determine effects of different climatic factors and soil types on yield. There are several types of tests in the program. The Preliminary Hybrid Tests are conducted at one location in each of the northern, central and southern regions of the State. These tests include experimental and newly released hybrids. If a hybrid is outstanding in the preliminary test it is entered in the Regular Corn Hybrid Test the following year. The Regular Corn Hybrid Test is conducted at two locations in the northern region, one location in the central region and three locations in the southern region. Early yellow corn hybrids are tested at one location in each region. In addition, a regular corn hybrid test is irrigated at Belle Mina and Headland. Locations and cultural practices for all tests are given in Table 1. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES All tests are laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicate plots for each variety at each location. Rows are 30 to 36 inches apart, depending on location. Two-row plots are used, and both rows are harvested. Plots are 20 to 30 feet long, depending on location. The target plant population for the tests is 20,000 plants per acre with a seeding rate of 23,000 seeds per acre. The irrigated tests at Belle Mina, Tallassee and Headland are seeded to achieve 30,000 plants per acre, but are thinned to 25,000 plants per acre. Grain yields are adjusted to 15.5 percent moisture and converted to bushels (56 lbs) per acre. Stalks broken or leaning more than 45 degrees are considered lodged. The mid-silk data show the number of days from planting until approximately half the plants in the plots are showing silks. The Regular Corn Hybrid tests also are examined for disease incidence at selected locations each year. When virus or other disease symptoms indicate crop damage, disease ratings are compiled and published in this report. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All test were conducted in randomized complete block designs and analyzed accordingly. It is important to keep in mind that genotype x environment interaction is common in multi-year and multi-location mean. This interaction usually is an indication that the relative rankings of varieties change from one environment to the next. Thus, one cannot draw widespread conclusions if the interaction is significant. INTERPRETATION OF DATA In replicated experiments such as those reported here, yields from each of the four replicate plots of a particular variety at a given location will be slightly different, because of inherent differences in productivity among those plots. These differences in yield among replicate plots are known as random variation. Given this situation, it is clearly necessary to have a method to determine whether differences among hybrids are "true" or "real" differences, or whether they are due to random variation. To do this a statistical analysis was conducted to determine a "least significant difference" (LSD) by comparing the differences among varieties with random variation. If the difference in yield between two hybrids is larger than the LSD, then the difference is probably real, but if the difference is less than the LSD, it may not be real. If the difference between two hybrids is less than, but close to the LSD, then there is still a chance that it is real, but if it is considerably smaller than the LSD, then it is probably not real and mainly due to random variation. With this in mind, it is very important to study differences in hybrid yields in relation to the LSD which is provided at the bottom of the table for each of the current year yield columns at each location. Clearly, LSD's vary from one location to another. This is because random variation varies among locations and from year to year. The coefficient of variation (CV) 3 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 is a reflection of random variation, and is reported below the LSD values in the tables. If the CV is low, a precise or reliable test is indicated. Ideally, the CV should be below 10 percent, but CV's of 10 to 20 percent are acceptable. Values for the CV above 20 percent indicate a rather unreliable test, which may have been caused by factors such as disease variation among replicates, etc. In comparing yield potential of two hybrids it is important to consider a wide range of results. Do not focus on results from only one year at one location. Two- and three-year average yields are provided by location and region. These are more useful guides than yields from only one year. However, other factors may deserve consideration. For example, differences between the highest and the lowest yield of a hybrid across several locations may be an indication of the stability of its yield under variable conditions, or what is the "risk level" of the variety. Differences in yield of hybrids among locations will be a result of the combined effects of differences among locations in soil, weather (mainly rainfall), planting date, weed control, and other factors. To assist in estimating which factors most likely had the greatest effect on yield differences among locations, planting dates and cultural practices (Table 1), rainfall records (Table 14) and soil types (Table 15) are provided. This information also serves as a guide for assessing conditions to which results may be extrapolated. TABLE 1. LOCATIONS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR THE 2005 CORN HYBRID TRIALS Location NORTHERN ALABAMA Tennessee Valley Res. and Ext. Ctr. (Belle Mina) Regular test (non-irrigated) April 4 Regular test (irrigated) April 4 Sand Mountain Res. and Ext. Ctr. (Crossville) Regular test April 11 Early test April 4 Preliminary test April 11 CENTRAL ALABAMA E.V. Smith Research Center (Shorter) No-Till Early corn test March 25 Early test April 18 Plant Breeding Unit (Tallassee) Preliminary test No trial Prattville Experiment Field (Prattville) March 21 SOUTHERN ALABAMA Brewton Experiment Field (Brewton) March 25 Wiregrass Res. and Ext. Ctr. (Headland) Regular test (non-irrigated) March 31 Regular test (irrigated) April 11 Gulf Coast Res. and Ext. Ctr. (Fairhope) Regular test March 24 Early test March 7 Preliminary test No trial † Planting date Nitrogen Rate† lbs/ac Plant pop. seeds/ac Date harvested Herbicides used 175 200 145 145 135 20,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 September 6 September 7 September 13 September 12 September 13 Atrazine/Dual Atrazine/Dual Atrazine/Dual Atrazine/Dual Atrazine/Dual 170 170 120 20,000 20,000 20,000 September 2 September 2 August 24 Atrazine/Dual Atrazine/Dual Atrazine 120 160 220 135 130 - 20,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 - September 19 September 7 September 9 August 15 August 12 Atrazine Atrazine Atrazine Atrazine/Dual Atrazine/Dual - - Lime, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and sulfur were applied according to soil test recommendations. 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 2. TWO- AND THREE-YEAR YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR YELLOW CORN IN NORTHERN ALABAMA, 2003-2005 Brand name - hybrid Dekalb DKC 69-71 Garst 8350 YG1 Garst 8200 YG1 Pioneer 31G66 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Garst 8288 Croplan Genetics 895BT Dyna-Gro Cx 04319 AgraTech 755RRBt Croplan Genetics 799BT Croplan Genetics DS 830 Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) Grain yield 3-yr 2-yr ---------- bu/acre --------197 182 195 185 192 182 183 171 177 159 173 160 . 183 . 179 . 174 . 170 . 166 186 174 7 8 10 10 % stalks lodging 3-yr 2-yr ---------- % ----------1.9 2.7 2.7 4.1 6.0 8.6 7.7 11.0 11.4 16.8 8.5 12.6 . 5.6 . 8.3 . 4.2 . 2.5 . 15.3 . . . . . . 5 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 TABLE 3. 2005 YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS BY LOCATION AND REGIONAL AVERAGES OF HYBRID CHARACTERISTICS IN NORTHERN ALABAMA Belle Mina 155 148 158 154 152 150 154 148 150 141 149 153 143 139 132 136 150 145 142 141 140 132 129 115 119 128 108 101 99 105 108 107 100 105 103 98 94 104 109 91 106 85 127 11 9 Crossville 210 216 205 209 208 209 205 209 205 209 202 196 205 208 216 210 196 199 196 197 199 204 200 212 205 194 208 215 213 207 203 203 210 204 202 205 208 191 186 203 187 202 204 12 7 2005 regional averages TestHusk Lodging weight Mid-silk cover -- % -lb/bu mo-day Brand name - hybrid Terral TV26B82 (YGCB) Dekalb DKC 66-21 (YGCB) Garst 8292 YG1 Garst 8350 YG1 Dyna Gro 58P59 Vigoro V 58YR2 Vigoro V 56Y51 FFR 900 BT Croplan Genetics 851RR2/BT Croplan Genetics 895BT Pioneer 31G68 (YGCB) Croplan Genetics 731HX/LL Garst 8225 RR Dekalb DKC 61-45 (RR2/YGCB) Garst 8200 YG1 Croplan Genetics 799BT Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) AgraTech 755RRBt Dekalb DKC 63-81 (RR2/YGCB) FFR 746 RR2/BT Croplan Genetics 721RR2/BT Dekalb DKC 69-71 Croplan Genetics DS 822RR2/BT Dyna-Gro Cx 04319 Dyna Gro 58K40 Croplan Genetics 823HX/LL Terral TV25R31 (RR) Terral TV27C48 AgraTech 719CRW Pioneer 31G66 AgraTech 755RR Dekalb DKC 61-72 (RR2) Pioneer 31R87 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Dyna Gro CX 05516 Pioneer 31G97 Dyna Gro CX 04219 Garst 8288 Garst 8450IT Pioneer 33M54 Terral TV23R31 (RR) Croplan Genetics DS 830 Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) Yield 183 182 182 181 180 180 179 178 177 175 175 175 174 174 174 173 173 172 169 169 169 168 164 163 162 161 158 158 156 156 156 155 155 155 153 152 151 148 147 147 147 143 165 8 7 Harvest moisture -- % -- ---------- bu/acre ----------- 5 4 8 7 9 7 4 19 12 10 5 9 11 3 13 3 12 8 8 6 6 4 14 15 17 24 13 18 18 18 19 18 20 24 16 19 20 22 13 19 18 26 13 4 60 60 59 60 57 58 61 58 57 59 59 58 58 60 59 60 58 59 61 60 59 60 58 57 61 57 59 59 58 59 58 59 59 58 60 59 59 59 57 61 60 59 . . . 6-23 6-22 6-24 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-24 6-24 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-22 6-22 6-24 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-22 6-26 6-23 6-26 6-25 6-25 6-25 6-26 6-23 6-23 6-22 6-23 6-24 6-21 6-24 6-25 6-23 6-26 6-24 6-22 6-22 6-23 6-25 6-24 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 . . . 17 15 16 15 15 14 16 15 15 17 15 15 15 15 17 15 15 15 15 16 16 15 17 16 16 17 15 15 13 16 15 14 16 14 15 15 16 15 14 16 17 15 . . . 6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 4. IRRIGATED CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS, BELLE MINA, ALABAMA, 2003-2005 Grain yield Brand name - hybrid Pioneer 31G66 Garst 8200 YG1 Dekalb DKC 69-71 Garst 8350 YG1 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Garst 8288 Croplan Genetics 895BT AgraTech 755RRBt Dyna-Gro Cx 04319 Croplan Genetics DS 830 Croplan Genetics 799BT Dyna Gro 58P59 Terral TV26B82 (YGCB) Croplan Genetics 851RR2/BT FFR 900 BT Vigoro V 58YR2 Garst 8225 RR FFR 746 RR2/BT Dekalb DKC 61-45 (RR2/YGCB) Pioneer 31G68 (YGCB) Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Dekalb DKC 63-81 (RR2/YGCB) Croplan Genetics 731HX/LL Dyna Gro 58K40 Garst 8292 YG1 Vigoro V 56Y51 Terral TV23R31 (RR) Croplan Genetics DS 822RR2/BT Croplan Genetics 721RR2/BT Terral TV25R31 (RR) Dyna Gro CX 04219 Pioneer 31G97 Dekalb DKC 66-21 (YGCB) Garst 8450IT Croplan Genetics 823HX/LL Pioneer 31R87 Pioneer 33M54 Dyna Gro CX 05516 Terral TV27C48 AgraTech 755RR Dekalb DKC 61-72 (RR2) AgraTech 719CRW Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) 3-yr 219 215 215 213 200 196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 10.2 9 2-yr 204 198 203 207 178 176 204 202 200 195 195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 10.9 9 2005 165 179 184 204 138 150 188 196 175 170 178 217 215 211 211 207 207 206 204 204 199 197 193 190 186 184 184 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 173 169 166 157 156 152 152 137 182 15.5 9 3-yr 9.6 11.3 12.2 6.7 19.8 16.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 2.9 Lodging 2-yr 14.1 16.3 17.8 8.0 29.5 25.0 19.0 21.8 20.4 22.0 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 4.2 2005 25.0 24.8 31.3 8.0 49.0 43.5 31.5 29.8 38.5 29.8 5.8 20.0 36.5 42.5 35.5 28.8 25.0 21.0 6.3 23.3 39.3 21.3 28.0 30.5 20.8 37.3 29.3 43.3 20.8 21.8 38.3 36.5 27.3 25.3 45.5 45.3 26.0 23.0 26.3 34.8 35.3 49.0 30.0 9.5 Test- Midweight silk lb/bu mo-day Husk Harvest cover moisture -- % -- -------- bu/acre --------- ----------- % ----------- 58 58 60 58 56 59 56 58 55 58 59 55 59 55 57 58 57 58 59 58 57 60 57 59 59 60 59 57 58 58 58 59 59 56 56 59 60 60 57 57 58 57 . . . . . . 6-17 6-19 6-22 6-16 6-20 6-17 6-19 6-16 6-19 6-19 6-17 6-20 6-17 6-19 6-19 6-18 6-17 6-19 6-17 6-18 6-17 6-15 6-19 6-20 6-19 6-18 6-18 6-21 6-15 6-17 6-19 6-20 6-14 6-15 6-21 6-20 6-17 6-19 6-19 6-18 6-13 6-14 . . . 1.3 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.3 2.8 2.3 1.5 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.0 . . . 15.3 17.7 16.2 14.0 13.4 14.9 17.8 15.5 15.8 14.8 15.2 14.9 16.7 14.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.9 14.0 15.3 14.1 14.1 14.8 17.1 16.1 15.0 16.4 16.7 14.0 15.3 15.8 14.2 15.1 12.4 17.0 16.4 15.1 15.2 15.7 13.9 12.7 12.9 7 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 TABLE 5. EARLY CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, 2003-2005 Grain yield Brand name - hybrid Pioneer 33M54 Pioneer 33V15 AgraTech X 41751CRW Pioneer 33H25 Dekalb DKC 57-84 (YGCB) Terral TV25R31 (RR) AgraTech X 41655 Terral TV23R31 (RR) Dekalb DKC 58-80 (RR2/YGCB) Pioneer 31N56 AgraTech 719CRW Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Dekalb DKC 69-71 Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) 2-yr 205 195 . . . . . . . . . . . 200 16.3 11 2005 213 214 226 221 218 215 212 212 209 207 202 201 189 211 16.4 8 Lodging 2-yr 0.3 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.3 2005 0.3 0.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 1.5 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.5 1.5 4.5 0.3 1.1 2.4 TestHusk Harvest weight Mid-silk cover moisture lb/bu mo-day -- % -- --- bu/acre -- ------- % -------- 61 62 59 59 59 59 59 61 57 60 59 59 60 . . . 6-29 6-24 6-25 6-24 6-26 6-28 6-24 6-26 6-28 6-26 6-25 6-25 6-27 . . . 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.8 2.0 2.5 1.8 . . . 15.9 17.4 15.9 16.5 15.5 18.0 16.1 18.8 18.5 16.4 16.2 16.0 19.3 TABLE 6. PRELIMINARY CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, 2004-2005 Grain yield Brand name - hybrid AgraTech X 41751CRW AgraTech X 41655 Southern States SS 746RR2/YGCB Southern States SS 842RR2/YGCB Southern States SS 804 Test Average LSD 0.10 2-yr 2005 Lodging 2-yr † † † † † . . . 2005 1.3 0.0 0.0 18.3 3.3 4.6 3.2 TestHusk Harvest weight Mid-silk cover moisture lb/bu mo-day -- % -- --- bu/acre -- ------- % ------- † 210 † 192 † 192 † 184 † 178 . 191 . 16 CV (%) . 9 † There were no entries in common between 2004 and 2005 59 60 60 58 60 . . . 6-27 6-30 6-28 7-4 6-28 . . . 2.8 2.5 1.8 2.5 2.3 . . . 15.5 15.3 16.5 17.9 16.3 . . . 8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 7. ONE, TWO- AND THREE-YEAR YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR YELLOW CORN AT PRATTVILLE IN CENTRAL ALABAMA, 2003-2005 Grain yield Brand name - hybrid Garst 8200 YG1 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Pioneer 31G66 Terral TV2160Bt Dekalb DKC 67-60 Dekalb DKC 69-72 Pioneer 31G97 Croplan Genetics DS 830 Dekalb DKC 69-71 Dyna Gro CX 04219 Dekalb DKC 66-21 (YGCB) Garst 8292 YG1 Dyna Gro 58K40 Terral TV26B82 (YGCB) Terral TV26BR41 (RR/YGCB) Terral TV25R31 (RR) Garst 8288 Garst 8225 RR Dyna Gro 58P59 Vigoro V 59YR52 Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Southern States SS 746RR2/YGCB Southern States SS 804 Dekalb DKC 61-72 (RR2) Croplan Genetics 823HX/LL Dyna Gro CX 05516 Vigoro V 62R66 Terral TV23R31 (RR) FFR 746 RR2/BT Terral TV27C48 Pioneer 33M54 Southern States SS 842RR2/YGCB FFR 900 BT Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) 3-yr 174 171 163 160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 10 11 2-yr 162 161 150 143 169 167 163 154 152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 9 9 2005 143 143 134 127 145 147 156 125 133 158 157 156 156 154 153 152 150 149 149 148 148 147 146 138 136 134 134 132 131 129 127 126 109 142 14 11 3-yr 0.2 1.8 0.6 0.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.1 Lodging 2-yr 0.3 2.8 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.2 2005 0.5 5.5 1.5 1.8 0.5 1.8 1.0 0.5 3.5 0.3 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.0 34.0 2.3 4.0 Testweight lb/bu Midsilk mo-day Husk Harvest cover moisture -- % -- ------- bu/acre -------- ------------- % ----------- 52 50 53 54 53 52 53 52 52 51 51 51 52 53 50 52 50 50 49 51 52 50 53 50 48 53 52 53 52 50 53 49 51 . . . 6-11 6-10 6-10 6-11 6-11 6-12 6-11 6-11 6-11 6-9 6-11 6-10 6-11 6-10 6-11 6-10 6-10 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-11 6-11 6-10 6-8 6-12 6-11 6-11 6-11 6-12 6-10 6-10 6-12 6-11 . . . 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 2.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 2.3 1.0 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.0 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.3 . . . 15.2 14.4 13.7 14.5 15.9 14.5 14.4 13.9 14.5 15.2 15.4 15.8 15.6 14.6 14.9 15.3 15.7 15.2 15.2 14.2 14.6 14.2 13.9 14.6 16.4 15.2 15.4 15.3 14.1 15.5 14.5 16.1 14.4 . . . 9 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 TABLE 8. ONE, TWO- AND THREE-YEAR YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR THE EARLY NO-TILL CORN TEST AT SHORTER IN CENTRAL ALABAMA, 2003-2005. Grain yield Brand name - hybrid 3-yr 2-yr 2005 123 122 121 144 146 130 131 114 125 151 139 136 134 133 132 132 131 131 130 130 129 126 125 125 123 123 120 119 117 111 128 10.5 9 3-yr 1.2 2.3 0.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.5 Lodging -------------- % ----------- 2-yr 1.5 3.3 1.3 1.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.3 4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.5 2005 1.0 4.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.8 1.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.8 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.3 3.3 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.7 1.6 Test- Midweight silk lb/bu mo-day Husk Harvest cover moisture -- % -- -------- bu/acre --------- Pioneer 31G66 160 147 Dyna-Gro 58K22 160 149 Terral TV2160Bt 157 145 Dekalb DKC 69-72 . 172 Dekalb DKC 69-71 . 162 Dekalb DKC 67-60 . 159 Garst 8200 YG1 . 159 Croplan Genetics DS 830 . 151 Pioneer 31G97 . 147 FFR 900 BT . . Dekalb DKC 66-21 (YGCB) . . Terral TV25R31 (RR) . . Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) . . Garst 8288 . . Terral TV23R31 (RR) . . Garst 8292 YG1 . . Terral TV26BR41 (RR/YGCB) . . Garst 8225 RR . . Dyna Gro CX 04219 . . Vigoro V 62R66 . . Dyna Gro 58P59 . . Croplan Genetics 823HX/LL . . Terral TV26B82 (YGCB) . . Vigoro V 59YR52 . . FFR 746 RR2/BT . . Dekalb DKC 61-72 (RR2) . . Dyna Gro 58K40 . . Terral TV27C48 . . Dyna Gro CX 05516 . . Pioneer 33M54 . . Test Average 159 155 LSD 0.10 5.5 10.3 CV (%) 6 10 55 54 56 57 57 58 58 55 57 56 57 57 56 56 58 57 55 56 55 57 55 56 57 55 55 54 57 56 56 58 . . . 6-18 6-23 6-19 6-25 6-23 6-22 6-17 6-20 6-21 6-19 6-20 6-18 6-19 6-18 6-18 6-19 6-17 6-18 6-20 6-20 6-18 6-23 6-19 6-22 6-20 6-15 6-19 6-19 6-17 6-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 21.0 19.8 21.6 21.4 21.9 21.2 21.5 20.3 20.7 20.5 21.3 20.8 21.1 20.8 21.9 21.0 20.9 22.5 21.4 20.8 22.8 21.6 19.5 19.0 18.0 20.9 22.2 20.7 19.3 . . . 10 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 9. TWO- AND THREE-YEAR YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR THE EARLY CORN TEST AT SHORTER IN CENTRAL ALABAMA, 2004-2005. Grain yield Brand name - hybrid Pioneer 33V15 Pioneer 33M54 Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Terral TV25R31 (RR) Terral TV23R31 (RR) Pioneer 33H25 Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) 2-yr 134 130 . . . . 132 7 8 2005 103 95 115 106 106 99 104 11 11 Lodging 2-yr 0.5 0.8 . . . . 0.6 0.6 2005 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.8 Test- Midweight silk lb/bu mo-day Husk Harvest cover moisture -- % -- --- bu/acre -- ------- % ------- 55 55 54 55 55 53 . . . 6-25 6-27 6-26 6-27 6-28 6-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 19.0 20.9 22.9 21.6 18.3 . . . 11 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 TABLE 10. TWO- AND THREE-YEAR YIELD AND LODGING AVERAGES FOR YELLOW CORN IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA, 2003-2005 Brand name - hybrid Dekalb DKC 69-71 Pioneer 31G66 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Dekalb DKC 67-60 Dekalb DKC 69-72 Croplan Genetics 895BT Croplan Genetics DS 830 Dyna-Gro Cx 04319 Croplan Genetics 799BT Test Average LSD 0.10 Grain yield 3-yr† 2-yr ---------- bu/acre --------136 127 128 118 127 117 125 116 . 125 . 124 . 124 . 120 . 117 129 121 6 6 13 % stalks lodging 3-yr 2-yr ---------- % ----------4.9 5.5 5.5 5.8 9.1 9.3 5.5 6.1 . 5.5 . 5.2 . 5.8 . 3.8 . 3.4 . . . . . . CV (%) 13 † Three-year averages based on Brewton and Headland data only. 12 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 11. 2005 YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS BY LOCATION AND REGIONAL AVERAGES OF HYBRID CHARACTERISTICS IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA 2005 regional averages Brand name - hybrid Croplan Genetics 823HX/LL Dyna Gro 58K40 Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Croplan Genetics 851RR2/BT Dekalb DKC 69-71 Pioneer 31N26 (RR2) FFR 746 RR2/BT Dyna Gro 58P59 Vigoro V 62R66 Vigoro V 58YR2 Terral TV25R31 (RR) Pioneer 33M54 Dekalb DKC 69-72 Dyna Gro CX 04219 Pioneer 31G97 Croplan Genetics 895BT Terral TV26B82 (YGCB) Croplan Genetics DS 830 Croplan Genetics 731HX/LL FFR 900 BT Terral TV26BR41 (RR/YGCB) Croplan Genetics 799BT Dekalb DKC 66-21 (YGCB) Dekalb DKC 67-60 Dyna-Gro Cx 04319 Pioneer 31G66 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Dyna Gro CX 05516 Terral TV27C48 Vigoro V 59YR52 Croplan Genetics DS 822RR2/BT Croplan Genetics 721RR2/BT Dekalb DKC 61-72 (RR2) Southern States SS 842RR2/YGCB Southern States SS 804 Southern States SS 746RR2/YGCB Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) † ‡ Fair- Brew- Headhope† ton‡ land Yield ----------- bu/acre ------------ Lodg- Testing weight -- % -lb/bu Midsilk mo-day Husk Harvest cover moist. -- % -- 71 89 102 80 82 92 96 76 78 88 100 86 99 104 78 93 80 69 87 91 98 84 88 82 82 86 84 82 95 75 73 79 81 79 83 72 85 19 24 91 96 65 101 84 81 77 80 95 61 75 87 57 65 82 71 67 68 74 59 59 51 43 64 74 44 71 57 60 63 51 46 56 . . . 69 17 28 168 141 147 133 145 134 132 150 130 152 122 122 135 121 128 121 133 137 113 122 114 140 137 117 106 131 105 113 94 108 114 109 83 . . . 126 18 16 109 109 105 105 104 102 102 102 101 100 99 98 97 97 96 95 93 91 91 91 90 90 89 88 87 87 87 84 83 81 79 78 73 . . . 93 17 20 17.1 5.2 13.3 13.1 10.6 5.8 12.7 9.8 8.9 11.4 9.8 6.3 10.9 10.6 8.4 10.3 9.3 11.4 13.1 25.7 13.6 6.8 10.8 12.1 7.5 11.3 18.5 9.2 8.0 13.5 10.8 15.0 7.7 . . . 11.2 6.4 53 56 53 51 56 57 54 52 56 52 53 56 55 53 53 56 55 53 52 53 53 56 54 57 52 53 52 54 53 53 52 53 53 49 55 53 . . . 6-12 6-13 6-11 6-11 6-14 6-11 6-13 6-12 6-12 6-10 6-9 6-10 6-16 6-10 6-12 6-11 6-10 6-11 6-11 6-10 6-11 6-10 6-10 6-13 6-11 6-11 6-11 6-11 6-10 6-13 6-12 6-9 6-9 6-12 6-11 6-11 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 . . . 15.9 16.0 14.8 14.4 16.1 16.3 14.5 15.0 16.1 15.2 15.5 15.8 15.7 15.6 15.0 16.0 15.8 14.9 14.8 15.1 15.2 15.7 15.6 16.4 15.1 14.9 15.0 15.3 15.5 14.2 15.7 14.6 13.8 22.4 20.9 19.9 . . . Fairhope location was affected by heavy rain (15 inches) one week after planting Severe lodging at the Brewton location due to hurricane winds 13 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 TABLE 12. IRRIGATED CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS, HEADLAND, ALABAMA, 2003-2005 Grain yield Brand name - hybrid Dekalb DKC 69-71 Pioneer 31G66 Dekalb DKC 67-60 Dyna-Gro 58K22 Dekalb DKC 69-72 Croplan Genetics DS 830 Croplan Genetics 799BT Croplan Genetics 895BT Dyna-Gro Cx 04319 Vigoro V 62R66 Pioneer 31N26 (RR2) FFR 900 BT Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Dyna Gro CX 05516 Dekalb DKC 61-72 (RR2) Dyna Gro 58K40 Terral TV26BR41 (RR/YGCB) Croplan Genetics 851RR2/BT Pioneer 33M54 Pioneer 31G97 Terral TV25R31 (RR) Vigoro V 59YR52 Dyna Gro CX 04219 Croplan Genetics 721RR2/BT Dekalb DKC 66-21 (YGCB) Dyna Gro 58P59 Terral TV26B82 (YGCB) Croplan Genetics DS 822RR2/BT Vigoro V 58YR2 FFR 746 RR2/BT Terral TV27C48 Croplan Genetics 823HX/LL Croplan Genetics 731HX/LL Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) 3-yr 166 164 159 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 9 11 2-yr 149 154 148 106 162 157 139 136 129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 14 15 2005 155 148 141 147 153 153 145 150 137 175 162 159 153 153 152 152 152 146 145 144 144 141 139 135 134 132 132 129 127 125 118 112 102 142 22 17 3-yr 4.8 5.4 5.4 4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 2.4 Lodging -------------- % ----------- 2-yr 5.3 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.3 6.6 4.6 5.5 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 2.7 2005 10.5 12.8 11.8 11.8 10.5 13.3 9.3 11.0 14.8 14.3 11.0 11.0 10.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 8.3 8.8 10.5 15.0 15.5 14.3 9.8 12.5 12.8 12.8 8.8 7.0 9.0 12.8 10.5 14.5 9.5 11.4 5.1 Testweight lb/bu Midsilk mo-day Husk Harvest cover moisture -- % -- --------- bu/acre --------- 61 57 60 54 60 58 59 60 55 59 62 57 58 58 54 60 57 54 58 58 58 58 57 57 57 56 58 56 56 57 57 57 53 . . . 6-15 6-15 6-18 6-16 6-16 6-19 6-8 6-18 6-16 6-17 6-19 6-16 6-14 6-17 6-6 6-14 6-15 6-18 6-12 6-16 6-12 6-19 6-14 6-15 6-15 6-19 6-16 6-15 6-16 6-16 6-12 6-19 6-12 . . . 3.3 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.0 3.3 2.5 2.8 3.3 2.3 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.8 3.5 . . . 14.5 13.2 14.6 12.9 14.1 14.6 13.1 15.9 13.0 13.8 14.8 12.9 13.3 13.3 11.9 14.0 13.1 12.6 13.6 13.1 13.9 13.2 13.5 12.3 13.7 12.6 14.5 14.5 12.9 12.9 13.5 13.2 12.0 . . . † The 2005 irrigated test received 2.8 inches of water in four applications. A heavy stinkbug infes tation was reported in both 2004 and 2005 14 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 13. EARLY CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, 2003-2005. Grain yield Brand name - hybrid Pioneer 33M54 Pioneer 33V15 Terral TV23R31 (RR) Terral TV25R31 (RR) Terral TV25BR23 (RR/YGCB) Pioneer 33H25 Test Average LSD 0.10 CV (%) 2-yr 162 140 . . . . 151 7 6 2005 153 120 151 151 150 143 145 11 8 Lodging 2-yr 1.0 1.5 . . . . 1.3 0.8 2005 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 Testweight lb/bu Midsilk mo-day Husk cover 3.0 2.8 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.8 . . . Harvest moisture -- % -- --- bu/acre -- ------- % -------- 58 60 58 56 56 57 . . . 6-2 5-31 6-1 6-2 5-30 6-1 . . . 22.6 21.7 23.6 24.5 22.5 21.9 . . . 15 EVALUATIONS OF CORN HYBRIDS IN ALABAMA 2005 TABLE 14. GROWING SEASON RAINFALL, 2003-2005. Location Year Belle Mina 2005 2004 2003 Crossville 2005 2004 2003 Shorter 2005 2004 2003 Prattville 2005 2004 2003 Brewton 2005 2004 2003 Fairhope 2005 2004 2003 Headland 2005 2004 2003 5.5 0.5 6.0 9.2 4.4 9.2 3.1 3.4 3.4 11.1 9.8 8.8 5.3 4.4 7.5 8.8 2.1 6.1 2.2 7.1 4.7 45.2 31.7 45.7 4.3 0.7 5.2 20.5 2.3 3.1 7.1 2.0 5.8 10.4 10.8 9.5 11.4 4.7 18.4 11.4 8.3 5.2 4.7 12.6 3.7 69.8 41.4 50.9 6.4 1.0 6.3 14.2 6.6 7.4 3.3 4.3 9.4 8.0 14.6 8.1 9.8 4.9 11.5 7.4 5.3 13.2 10.1 8.6 5.9 59.2 45.3 61.8 8.5 1.4 5.2 6.8 3.5 8.8 3.4 5.2 4.8 4.0 8.8 7.4 9.2 1.9 6.8 4.3 5.7 8.0 3.2 6.0 2.2 39.4 32.5 43.2 11.1 0.8 6.7 7.8 3.1 9.1 2.2 4.0 6.0 3.1 7.4 6.6 10.1 2.4 7.8 3.2 4.9 6.9 2.0 6.4 4.5 39.5 29.0 47.6 7.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 2.9 5.1 2.4 5.5 12.6 5.0 7.3 4.0 7.2 4.6 4.8 3.2 4.0 5.9 2.0 8.5 3.9 31.4 37.0 40.7 3.6 5.5 2.2 5.4 4.3 4.3 1.4 3.2 9.8 3.7 5.1 5.0 6.6 7.8 4.6 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 8.6 27.6 32.5 37.5 ---------------------------- Monthly rainfall in inches --------------------------Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. 7-month total 16 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 15. SOIL TYPES FOR CORN TRIALS, 2005 Test location North Soil type Belle Mina ................................ ................................ ................. Decatur silt loam Crossville ................................ ................................ ................... Wynnville fine sandy loam Central Tallassee ................................ .................................................... Cahaba loamy sand Shorter ................................ ................................ ....................... Norfolk sandy loam Prattville ................................................................ ..................... Lucedale fine sandy loam South Brewton ................................................................ ..................... Benndale fine sandy loam Headland ................................ .................................................... Dothan sandy loam Fairhope ................................................................ ..................... Malbis fine sandy loam SOURCES OF 2005 CORN HYBRID TRIAL SEED Seed Company Grabow Seed Services, Inc. 6830 Lisa Lane Dunwoody, GA 30338 Garst Seed Company 5210 St Rd 945 Hickory, KY 42051 Land O’Lakes P.O. Box 614 Midland City, AL 36350 Brand AgraTech Seed Company Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc. 7501 Memorial Parkway SW Huntsville, AL 35802 Royster-Clark, Inc. 717 Robinson Rd. SE Washington C.H, OH 43160 Terral Seed, Inc. P.O. Box 826 Lake Providence, LA 71254 Brand Pioneer Garst Vigoro Croplan TV Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63167 Southern States 6606 West Broad St. Richmond, VA 23260 Dekalb DKC UAP Southeast 25324 HSV-Brownsferry Rd Madison, AL 35756 FFR Seeds 969 Cloverleaf Dr. Southaven, MS 38671 Dyna-Gro SS FFR