1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 1 2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 3 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Data Explanation ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Discussion .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Small Grain Dry Matter Yields by Season Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina, 1998 ............................................................................ 6 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 ................................................................................................ 7 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 .............................................................................................. 7 Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville, 1998 .................................................................................. 8 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 ................................................................................................ 9 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 .............................................................................................. 9 Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield, 1998 .......................................................................... 10 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 11 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 11 Prattville Field, Prattville, 1998 .................................................................................................... 12 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 13 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 13 E.V. Smith Research Center, Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, 1998 ........................................... 14 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 15 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 15 Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope, 1998 ......................................................................................... 16 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 17 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 17 Monroeville Field, Monroeville, 1998 ........................................................................................... 18 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 19 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 19 Wiregrass Substation, Headland, 1998 ........................................................................................ 20 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 21 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 21 Lower Coastal Plain Substation, Camden, 1998 .......................................................................... 22 Two-Year Averages 1997-98 .............................................................................................. 23 Three-Year Averages 1996-98 ............................................................................................ 23 Sources of Seed .................................................................................................................................... 24 Information contained herein is available to all persons regardless of race, color, sex, or national origin. 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Acknowledgments Appreciation is expressed to Mien-Huei Tzeng, Research Data Analysis, for the computation and summarization of data in this report. Appreciation is also expressed to the following supervisory personnel of the outlying units whose support is gratefully acknowledged: Northern Alabama Tennessee Valley Substation, Belle Mina .......................................................... B.E. Norris, Jr., Supt. H.E. Burgess, Assoc. Supt. Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville ................................................................. R.A. Dawkins, Supt. M.E. Ruf, Asst. Supt. Upper Coastal Plain Substation, Winfield ............................................................... R.C. Rawls, Supt. Central Alabama Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction .............................................................. J.L. Holliman, Supt. Prattville Experiment Field ...................................................................................... D.P. Moore, Supt. E.V. Smith Research Center ..................................................................................... J. S. Bannon, Dir. Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee .................................................................... S.P. Nightengale, Supt. Southern Alabama Monroeville Experiment Field ............................................................................... J.R. Akridge, Supt. Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope ........................................................................ N.R. McDaniel, Supt. M.D. Pegues, Asst. Supt. Lower Coastal Plain Substation, Camden .................................................................. J.A. Little, Supt. P.A. Rose, Asst. Supt. Wiregrass Substation, Headland ............................................................................... L.W. Wells, Supt. B.E. Gamble, Asst. Supt. 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 5 The 1998 Alabama Performance Comparison of Small Grain Varieties for Forage K. M. Glass1 INTRODUCTION The large number of commercially available varieties of wheat, oats, rye, barley, and triticale makes it difficult for growers to select varieties most suited for forage production in their particular area of Alabama because yields and distribution of growth vary. For example, many of the small grain species and varieties differ in their capability to produce early fall and winter forage for livestock production. Making the proper selection requires up-to-date, unbiased, reliable information and varietal forage yield by season. Entries in each experiment are determined by the companies or institutes which control each variety, or line, not by experiment station personnel. Data from tests conducted at nine locations were used to compile this report. These locations represent the varied growing conditions in Alabama for the past three years. PROCEDURE The experimental design for the tests was a split plot design with species as the main plot and varieties as subplots. Plots were 5 feet by 20 feet with rows spaced seven inches apart. A cone drill was used to plant all tests. Each variety was replicated three times in each test. The tests are normally planted in late September to early October. In 1997, due to wet conditions, all test locations except the Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction, were planted in mid October to early November. At the Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction, the test was not planted due to wet conditions. In 1996, all test locations were planted in early to mid October. The tests were fertilized at planting with 100 pounds N per acre and clipped with a flail-type mower each time they reached six inches in height. A sample was weighed green from each plot, then dried and reweighed. The percent dry matter figure from these weights was used to calculate forage dry matter per acre. The tests were topdressed in February with 60 pounds N per acre and clipping was continued until no regrowth occurred in the spring. DATA EXPLANATION Dry matter forage is recorded for seasonal and total yields by locations. The four seasonal periods are autumn— forage produced through December; winter—January and February production; early spring—March and early April production; and late spring—production after April 20. DISCUSSION Growing conditions and variety forage performance often vary among locations and years. Multiple-year averages are given and should be a better indicator for performance comparisons. In the 1995-96 growing season, below normal temperatures in winter and early spring resulted in very little growth at most locations until late spring. In the 1996-97 growing season, all locations had wet conditions but normal growth occurred on most varieties. Wet conditions also delayed clipping at some locations and may have reduced yields of some varieties. In the 1997-98 growing season, most locations reported a wet fall and winter with a dry spring. 1 Glass is an Agricultural Program Associate in the Auburn University Department of Agronomy and Soils. 6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 1. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, O ATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT TENNESSEE VALLEY S UBSTATION, B ELLE M INA, ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat AR 584A-3-1 Wakefield GA Dozier Roberts Madison Florida 304 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Dallas Ozark Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye GI 87 Maton Wintergrazer 70 Oklon Elbon Bonel Bates Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – _ 248 220 145 327 121 239 217 17 55 90 406 150 146 206 200 129 399 718 357 355 493 231 403 549 1,095 465 519 18 135 160 160 – _ 2,067 1,886 1,960 1,476 1,711 1,610 1,785 7 192 2,317 2,094 2,236 1,859 1,903 2,082 9 287 2,813 3,061 2,842 2,663 2,844 2,734 2,325 1,450 1,697 2,492 10 340 2,403 2,403 – _ 724 849 713 957 908 758 818 9 112 1,266 1,008 808 1,144 931 1,031 14 216 514 591 616 610 655 467 610 860 840 640 16 147 1,487 1,487 – _ 3,040 2,955 2,818 2,760 2,741 2,608 2,820 6 240 3,673 3,507 3,195 3,149 3,040 3,313 10 485 4,045 4,009 3,813 3,766 3,730 3,605 3,483 3,405 3,002 3,651 7 372 4,049 4,049 – _ 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 7 TABLE 2. TWO -YEAR AVERAGE S EASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT , OATS, RYE, AND T RITICALE VARIETIES C UT AS FORAGE AT TENNESSEE VALLEY SUBSTATION , BELLE MINA, A LABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Madison GA Dozier Wakefield Roberts Florida 304 Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Maton Oklon Bonel Bates Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 752 659 696 597 471 292 303 245 1,171 1,554 961 1,355 1,375 874 476 1,975 2,057 1,824 1,580 1,589 1,579 1,890 1,520 3,142 2,592 2,870 2,458 1,584 1,514 2,026 686 603 648 668 505 990 603 701 810 703 717 687 722 673 1,237 3,413 3,319 3,168 2,846 2,565 2,860 2,795 2,467 5,124 4,849 4,547 4,500 3,681 3,060 3,739 CALE TABLE 3. T HREE-YEAR A VERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI VARIETIES C UT AS FORAGE AT TENNESSEE VALLEY SUBSTATION, B ELLE MINA, ALABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Brand-Variety Wheat Madison GA Dozier Wakefield Florida 304 Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Maton Oklon Bonel Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 702 652 683 542 333 320 287 1,015 1,484 1,081 1,366 885 563 1,717 1,721 1,553 1,241 1,288 1,556 1,182 2,823 2,241 2,500 1,250 1,203 1,715 1,337 1,117 1,226 986 1,737 1,244 1,175 1,455 1,311 1,282 1,310 1,307 2,023 3,755 3,490 3,462 2,769 3,359 3,121 2,644 5,292 5,036 4,862 3,926 3,395 4,301 8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 4. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, O ATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT S AND MOUNTAIN S UBSTATION, C ROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Roberts AR 584A-3-1 Wakefield GA Dozier Florida 304 Madison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Chapman Dallas Ozark Ga Mitchell Harrison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Wren’s 96 GI 87 Bates Maton Elbon Wren’s Abruzzi AL Oklon Wintergrazer 70 Bonel Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 582 131 156 63 334 60 221 21 70 169 – – – – 169 – – 1,395 354 486 54 78 1,324 217 77 126 457 25 165 – – – – 886 1,172 1,086 1,068 910 947 1,012 15 230 1,167 1,075 971 1,041 890 1,029 13 210 755 1,477 1,261 1,542 1,487 538 1,354 1,504 1,391 1,257 11 202 1,446 1,446 – – 356 468 429 454 282 422 402 17 104 318 308 383 288 275 314 43 206 359 560 565 669 670 311 527 484 498 516 13 99 561 561 – – 1,824 1,771 1,671 1,586 1,526 1,430 1,635 12 296 1,654 1,383 1,354 1,329 1,165 1,377 15 304 2,509 2,391 2,313 2,265 2,235 2,173 2,098 2,065 2,015 2,229 10 317 2,008 2,008 – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 9 TABLE 5. TWO-YEAR A VERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, O ATS, RYE , AND TRITICALE V ARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT SAND MOUNTAIN SUBSTATION, C ROSSVILLE, A LABAMA, 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Roberts Madison GA Dozier Wakefield Florida 304 Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Bates Maton Wren’s 96 Bonel Oklon Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 291 30 32 78 167 – 84 – 243 27 698 63 108 662 – 1,446 1,530 1,507 1,425 1,408 1,101 1,097 1,038 1,961 2,024 1,524 1,940 1,855 804 1,382 363 432 403 330 238 258 159 298 668 753 553 762 687 416 496 2,099 1,993 1,941 1,834 1,813 1,359 1,340 1,336 2,872 2,805 2,775 2,765 2,651 1,882 1,878 TABLE 6. T HREE-YEAR A VERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT S AND M OUNTAIN S UBSTATION , C ROSSVILLE , ALABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Madison GA Dozier Wakefield Florida 304 Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Maton Bonel Oklon Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 20 21 52 111 – 56 – 18 163 244 628 492 – 1,197 1,188 1,114 989 818 771 692 1,919 1,630 1,573 1,211 648 1,155 504 497 494 334 646 527 199 779 794 725 667 482 632 1,721 1,706 1,660 1,434 1,464 1,354 891 2,717 2,588 2,542 2,506 1,622 1,787 10 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 7. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITICALE V ARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT UPPER COASTAL P LAIN SUBSTATION , WINFIELD, ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Wakefield GA Dozier Florida 304 AR 584A-3-1 Roberts Madison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Chapman Ozark Dallas Ga Mitchell Harrison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Wintergrazer 70 Elbon Maton Oklon Bates GI 87 Bonel Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,112 1,060 1,250 977 1,067 839 1,051 18 284 1,223 713 673 781 895 857 38 500 1,042 1,018 693 1,125 1,349 975 800 1,312 1,231 1,061 26 399 1,132 1,132 – – 1,499 1,486 987 1,253 1,025 1,169 1,237 19 340 1,375 1,177 1,137 761 551 1,000 34 517 2,042 2,235 2,215 1,964 1,745 1,844 1,753 1,074 914 1,754 22 550 1,398 1,398 – – 700 436 546 539 631 663 586 38 326 358 1,011 321 491 – 545 – – 944 347 621 390 219 268 348 484 348 441 40 253 637 637 – – 3,312 2,983 2,783 2,770 2,723 2,671 2,873 14 586 2,956 2,900 2,132 2,032 1,446 2,293 20 709 4,029 3,600 3,530 3,478 3,313 3,087 2,901 2,870 2,493 3,256 16 741 3,167 3,167 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 11 TABLE 8. TWO -YEAR AVERAGE S EASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT , OATS, RYE, AND T RITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT U PPER COASTAL PLAIN SUBSTATION, WINFIELD, ALABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Wakefield GA Dozier Madison Roberts Florida 304 Oats Chapman Ga Mitchell Harrison Rye Maton Oklon Bates Bonel Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 849 651 689 677 783 612 390 448 648 924 1,134 712 809 798 670 1,686 1,866 1,541 1,490 1,401 1,176 380 275 2,421 2,241 1,983 2,036 1,489 1,121 1,216 350 218 332 315 273 179 245 – 311 195 109 174 242 174 319 2,885 2,735 2,562 2,482 2,457 1,967 1,016 723 3,380 3,361 3,227 2,922 2,540 2,094 2,205 CALE TABLE 9. T HREE-YEAR A VERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT UPPER COASTAL PLAIN SUBSTATION ,WINFIELD , A LABAMA, 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Brand-Variety Wheat GA Dozier Wakefield Madison Florida 304 Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Maton Oklon Bonel Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 609 705 572 623 489 469 260 685 1,158 952 1,194 859 538 1,713 1,461 1,362 1,159 1,206 529 515 3,353 2,557 2,417 1,246 1,096 1,525 145 233 221 182 119 – 164 207 130 116 161 116 212 2,467 2,399 2,155 1,964 1,815 997 939 4,245 3,846 3,486 2,602 2,071 2,275 12 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 10. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, O ATS, RYE, AND TRITICALE V ARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT P RATTVILLE F IELD, PRATTVILLE , A LABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Roberts Florida 304 Wakefield AR 584A-3-1 Madison GA Dozier Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Ga Mitchell Chapman Harrison Dallas Ozark Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Wren’s Abruzzi AL Bates GI 87 Wren’s 96 Bonel Oklon Wintergrazer 70 Elbon Maton Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,961 2,953 2,555 2,483 2,367 2,172 2,582 19 734 2,482 2,323 1,867 1,594 1,502 1,954 23 672 3,527 2,829 2,605 2,940 2,451 2,233 2,106 1,925 1,715 2,481 23 816 2,166 2,166 – – 666 574 751 809 768 770 723 9 97 470 473 510 636 622 542 15 123 769 986 1,148 787 1,033 1,118 1,092 1,138 1,204 1,030 13 193 975 975 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3,627 3,527 3,306 3,293 3,135 2,942 3,305 14 697 2,952 2,796 2,377 2,230 2,124 2,496 19 729 4,297 3,815 3,753 3,726 3,484 3,351 3,197 3,063 2,919 3,512 16 788 3,140 3,140 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 13 TABLE 11. TWO -YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT P RATTVILLE F IELD , P RATTVILLE , ALABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Wakefield Florida 304 Roberts GA Dozier Madison Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Bates Bonel Maton Wren’s Abruzzi AL Wren’s 96 Oklon Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,630 2,822 2,470 2,493 2,138 2,404 2,066 2,228 2,997 2,770 2,357 3,047 2,785 2,516 2,252 1,295 948 1,224 1,135 1,281 1,217 1,141 938 1,349 1,429 1,535 714 885 1,067 896 228 321 309 194 162 – – – – – – – – – – 4,154 4,090 4,003 3,822 3,581 3,622 3,207 3,166 4,346 4,199 3,891 3,761 3,670 3,583 3,147 T ABLE 12. THREE-YEAR A VERAGE S EASONAL DRY M ATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT P RATTVILLE F IELD , P RATTVILLE, ALABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Florida 304 Wakefield GA Dozier Madison Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Bonel Maton Oklon Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,525 2,245 2,290 2,019 2,029 1,706 1,874 2,840 2,330 2,626 2,740 2,657 1,983 632 928 891 950 811 853 626 1,289 1,568 1,099 699 552 597 214 152 129 108 – – – – – – – – – 3,370 3,326 3,310 3,076 2,841 2,559 2,499 4,129 3,898 3,725 3,439 3,209 2,580 14 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 13. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, O ATS, RYE, AND TRITICALE V ARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT PLANT BREEDING UNIT, TALLASSEE , ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Roberts AR 584A-3-1 Florida 304 Wakefield GA Dozier Madison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Harrison Chapman Dallas Ozark Ga Mitchell Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Bonel Wintergrazer 70 Wren’s 96 GI 87 Elbon Oklon Bates Wren’s Abruzzi AL Maton Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) 760 473 805 488 393 282 533 29 232 366 314 87 90 307 233 30 105 656 665 1,115 820 750 780 719 882 385 753 22 241 340 340 – – 1,134 952 1,275 1,127 777 1,163 1,071 21 338 936 1,400 1,120 759 940 1,031 15 240 948 1,048 1,309 1,159 1,008 876 1,238 1,283 511 1,042 25 368 874 874 – – 1,010 1,075 770 1,012 1,101 1,030 1,000 16 239 675 545 836 913 504 695 22 234 1,556 1,478 929 1,286 1,218 1,378 1,089 625 1,469 1,225 17 293 1,092 1,092 – – 1,259 1,204 720 848 1,051 843 987 27 389 1,406 993 1,206 1,099 783 1,098 18 301 1,588 916 737 763 871 681 667 539 946 856 36 435 927 927 – – 4,163 3,703 3,570 3,474 3,323 3,317 3,592 17 905 3,383 3,252 3,249 2,860 2,535 3,056 13 625 4,749 4,107 4,091 4,028 3,847 3,715 3,713 3,328 3,311 3,877 17 963 3,232 3,232 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 15 TABLE 14. TWO -YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT P LANT B REEDING U NIT , TALLASSEE , A LABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Roberts Florida 304 Wakefield Madison GA Dozier Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Bonel Bates Wren’s 96 Oklon Maton Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 545 528 338 212 334 232 185 216 625 850 863 728 486 700 348 1,325 1,384 1,204 1,188 974 927 1,202 1,014 1,264 1,512 1,605 1,241 996 1,550 1,271 1,304 1,077 1,300 1,415 1,350 955 857 773 1,483 1,204 1,004 1,224 1,450 739 1,215 629 360 424 421 525 703 496 392 794 334 369 341 473 270 464 3,803 3,350 3,267 3,235 3,184 2,818 2,740 2,394 4,166 3,899 3,841 3,533 3,405 3,259 3,298 T ABLE 15. THREE-YEAR A VERAGE S EASONAL DRY M ATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT P LANT B REEDING U NIT , TALLASSEE , A LABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Wakefield Madison GA Dozier Florida 304 Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Bonel Maton Wren’s 96 Oklon Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 226 141 222 352 155 124 144 416 324 575 485 467 232 1,169 1,147 964 1,347 1,088 1,165 1,022 1,706 1,407 1,971 1,720 1,824 1,289 1,030 1,116 1,198 789 800 795 661 1,369 1,622 837 1,151 578 1,128 1,272 1,080 1,096 904 1,043 769 665 1,348 1,255 1,124 1,080 1,014 1,118 3,696 3,485 3,481 3,392 3,086 2,852 2,492 4,839 4,608 4,508 4,435 3,883 3,767 16 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 16. S EASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, O ATS, RYE, AND TRITICALE V ARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT G ULF C OAST SUBSTATION, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat AR 584A-3-1 Roberts GA Dozier Wakefield Madison Florida 304 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Dallas Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Maton Bates Bonel GI 87 Wintergrazer 70 RB 20-20 Oklon Elbon Sawan Grazer Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) 1,048 1,290 692 850 711 1,092 947 13 178 1,021 1,077 1,139 695 983 11 178 1,342 1,627 1,376 1,560 1,180 1,342 1,490 1,252 1,353 1,340 1,023 1,353 13 248 1,151 1,151 – – 2,247 2,547 2,437 2,349 2,693 2,643 2,486 10 354 2,306 1,863 1,824 2,280 2,068 3 115 2,581 2,623 2,589 2,293 2,455 2,271 2,341 2,391 2,304 2,298 1,985 2,376 6 210 2,249 2,249 – – 1,399 1,210 1,287 1,033 272 391 932 16 222 478 445 437 640 500 17 134 1,474 572 991 1,074 1,078 985 911 1,199 747 209 160 854 15 176 854 854 – – 3,664 1,360 1,978 1,658 2,081 1,024 1,961 9 270 3,418 2,675 2,256 1,919 2,567 20 826 1,593 1,912 1,575 1,463 1,511 1,621 1,466 1,317 1,579 1,535 1,927 1,591 7 150 2,612 2,612 – – 8,357 6,407 6,393 5,890 5,757 5,150 6,326 9 808 7,223 6,061 5,656 5,534 6,118 10 1,010 6,990 6,733 6,530 6,390 6,223 6,218 6,209 6,159 5,983 5,383 5,095 6,174 5 472 6,867 6,867 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 17 T ABLE 17. TWO-YEAR A VERAGE SEASONAL DRY M ATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE VARIETIES CUT AS F ORAGE AT G ULF COAST S UBSTATION , F AIRHOPE , ALABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat GA Dozier Roberts Madison Florida 304 Wakefield Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Oklon Maton GI 87 Bates Bonel Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 984 1,278 1,005 1,201 921 1,217 1,046 1,392 2,104 1,410 1,732 1,644 1,541 1,872 1,331 1,263 2,076 2,058 2,013 2,231 1,829 2,135 2,012 1,781 2,232 2,144 2,252 2,248 2,197 1,879 1,863 2,081 1,826 1,732 1,138 1,147 1,508 1,411 1,428 1,310 1,423 2,081 1,661 1,383 1,672 1,103 887 1,687 989 680 1,041 512 829 1,709 1,337 1,128 733 796 732 956 788 768 964 1,306 5,875 5,747 5,197 5,090 5,088 6,471 5,824 5,611 6,491 6,430 6,376 6,230 6,197 5,621 5,044 6,338 TABLE 18. T HREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE VARIETIES CUT AS F ORAGE AT G ULF COAST S UBSTATION , F AIRHOPE , ALABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat GA Dozier Madison Florida 304 Wakefield Oats Harrison Chapman Ga Mitchell Rye Maton Oklon GI 87 Bonel Wren’s 96 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 892 859 1,040 824 1,133 997 1,278 1,242 1,717 1,466 1,376 1,671 1,217 1,182 1,694 1,640 1,834 1,559 1,707 1,591 1,378 1,591 1,660 1,695 1,648 1,470 1,554 1,677 2,306 1,871 1,712 1,959 1,879 1,837 1,702 2,454 1,873 2,066 2,024 1,359 1,082 1,752 659 694 341 553 1,139 892 752 531 489 488 525 512 642 871 5,552 5,064 4,927 4,895 5,859 5,316 5,109 5,818 5,739 5,714 5,573 5,011 4,495 5,482 18 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 19. SEASONAL DRY M ATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT , OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT MONROEVILLE F IELD, MONROEVILLE, ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Florida 304 Roberts Wakefield Madison AR 584A-3-1 GA Dozier Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Chapman Ga Mitchell Dallas Harrison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Wren’s Abruzzi AL Wren’s 96 Bates Sawan Grazer RB 20-20 Bonel Wintergrazer 70 Maton Elbon Oklon GI 87 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 602 545 405 336 306 250 407 15 87 266 305 205 265 260 30 125 571 503 488 509 429 333 353 267 285 310 417 406 21 117 313 313 – – 1,419 1,238 1,339 1,368 1,133 1,036 1,255 8 142 1,743 1,587 1,597 1,377 1,576 14 344 1,465 1,205 1,155 1,089 1,133 1,068 1,046 1,081 1,027 991 849 1,101 14 221 1,537 1,537 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,020 1,782 1,744 1,704 1,439 1,285 1,663 8 187 2,009 1,893 1,802 1,641 1,836 14 396 2,035 1,708 1,643 1,598 1,562 1,402 1,399 1,348 1,312 1,301 1,267 1,507 14 300 1,849 1,849 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 19 T ABLE 20. TWO-YEAR A VERAGE SEASONAL DRY M ATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT M ONROEVILLE F IELD , M ONROEVILLE , ALABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Florida 304 Madison Wakefield Roberts GA Dozier Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Bonel Maton Wren’s Abruzzi AL Bates Wren’s 96 Oklon GI 87 Triticale Trical 2700 305 225 339 398 341 184 244 253 572 559 514 594 557 592 538 398 1,215 1,070 1,096 1,126 972 946 837 831 1,057 971 1,002 1,017 1,042 998 1,020 986 1,861 1,873 1,631 1,448 1,294 1,812 1,359 1,271 1,453 1,541 1,542 1,434 1,363 1,296 1,306 1,684 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3,382 3,168 3,066 2,971 2,607 2,942 2,440 2,355 3,081 3,071 3,058 3,045 2,962 2,887 2,864 3,067 T ABLE 21. THREE-YEAR A VERAGE S EASONAL DRY M ATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE VARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT M ONROEVILLE F IELD , MONROEVILLE , ALABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Florida 304 Wakefield Madison GA Dozier Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Maton Wren’s 96 Bonel Oklon Wren’s Abruzzi AL GI 87 Triticale Trical 2700 361 375 234 386 183 272 282 705 741 783 713 626 614 573 1,296 1,191 1,117 1,001 972 842 808 1,042 1,551 1,141 1,093 1,213 1,045 1,051 1,927 1,823 1,971 1,799 1,735 1,549 1,422 2,102 1,430 1,688 1,510 1,344 1,496 1,843 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3,584 3,389 3,321 3,186 2,891 2,663 2,512 3,849 3,723 3,612 3,316 3,183 3,156 3,467 20 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 22. SEASONAL DRY M ATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT , OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT WIREGRASS SUBSTATION, HEADLAND, A LABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat AR 584A-3-1 GA Dozier Florida 304 Wakefield Roberts Madison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Dallas Chapman Ga Mitchell Harrison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Bates Wintergrazer 70 RB 20-20 Oklon Maton Wren’s 96 Bonel GI 87 Sawan Grazer Elbon Wren’s Abruzzi AL Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) 700 503 847 518 880 361 635 14 130 230 512 551 702 499 16 128 1,006 671 1,116 1,036 846 1,493 963 1,080 1,056 655 1,118 1,004 15 217 538 538 – – 4,978 4,208 5,683 4,648 4,126 4,306 4,658 10 702 4,879 4,818 4,795 4,260 4,688 12 922 6,103 5,526 5,588 5,218 4,217 5,912 5,392 5,313 5,915 4,533 5,241 5,360 10 754 5,204 5,204 – – 4,943 4,405 2,567 3,881 3,879 3,279 3,826 15 832 5,444 4,574 4,142 4,123 4,571 21 1,490 4,009 4,277 3,752 3,955 5,125 2,579 3,533 3,108 2,473 3,806 2,571 3,562 18 918 4,835 4,835 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10,620 9,115 9,097 9,047 8,885 7,946 9,118 9 1,165 10,553 9,904 9,488 9,086 9,758 12 1,880 11,118 10,474 10,456 10,209 10,188 9,984 9,887 9,501 9,445 8,994 8,930 9,926 7 1,047 10,577 10,577 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 21 TABLE 23. TWO -YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE V ARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT W IREGRASS S UBSTATION , H EADLAND , A LABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat GA Dozier Wakefield Florida 304 Roberts Madison Oats Chapman Ga Mitchell Harrison Rye Wren’s 96 Bates Maton Oklon Bonel Wren’s Abruzzi AL GI 87 Triticale Trical 2700 829 765 796 884 617 520 605 732 1,260 906 797 951 861 1,105 896 733 3,476 3,499 4,169 3,161 3,140 4,010 4,270 3,673 5,098 4,503 3,432 4,429 4,092 4,666 4,038 3,999 3,936 3,575 2,666 3,449 2,844 3,669 3,290 3,462 2,804 3,572 4,734 3,525 3,182 2,327 2,950 3,736 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8,241 7,840 7,631 7,494 6,601 8,198 8,165 7,867 9,162 8,981 8,963 8,905 8,135 8,098 7,884 8,468 TABLE 24. T HREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI CALE VARIETIES C UT AS F ORAGE AT W IREGRASS S UBSTATION , H EADLAND , ALABAMA , 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Wakefield GA Dozier Florida 304 Madison Oats Ga Mitchell Chapman Harrison Rye Wren’s 96 Oklon Bonel Maton Wren’s Abruzzi AL GI 87 Triticale Trical 2700 510 553 531 412 403 347 488 840 634 574 531 737 598 489 3,132 2,909 3,604 2,645 3,575 3,348 3,074 4,979 4,103 3,792 2,941 4,757 3,771 3,651 3,141 3,320 2,430 2,394 2,835 2,998 2,935 2,611 3,439 3,259 4,133 2,026 2,947 3,224 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6,783 6,781 6,564 5,451 6,813 6,693 6,496 8,430 8,177 7,625 7,605 7,519 7,315 7,364 22 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 25. SEASONAL DRY M ATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT , OATS, RYE , AND T RITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT L OWER C OASTAL PLAIN SUBSTATION, CAMDEN , ALABAMA, 1998 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Brand-Variety Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Wheat Roberts Wakefield AR 584A-3-1 GA Dozier Florida 304 Madison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Oats Dallas Chapman Ga Mitchell Harrison Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Rye Oklon Elbon Bonel Maton Wintergrazer 70 Wren’s 96 RB 20-20 Sawan Grazer Bates Wren’s Abruzzi AL GI 87 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) Triticale Trical 2700 Test Mean C.V. (%) L.S.D (.10) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 445 329 193 212 781 320 380 27 153 142 247 208 174 193 46 141 206 136 164 54 88 479 203 184 315 608 166 237 20 67 123 123 – – 1,868 1,932 2,044 2,016 1,437 1,791 1,848 13 351 2,308 1,996 2,034 2,024 2,090 7 234 2,257 2,275 2,240 2,256 2,201 1,782 1,997 2,003 1,835 1,427 1,835 2,010 9 257 2,348 2,348 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,312 2,260 2,238 2,228 2,218 2,111 2,228 12 397 2,450 2,242 2,242 2,198 2,283 6 227 2,463 2,411 2,404 2,310 2,290 2,261 2,200 2,187 2,151 2,035 2,001 2,246 9 285 2,471 2,471 – – 1998 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAINS FOR FORAGE 23 CALE TABLE 26. TWO -YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI VARIETIES CUT AS F ORAGE AT LOWER COASTAL PLAIN S UBSTATION, CAMDEN, ALABAMA , 1997-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Brand-Variety Wheat Roberts Florida 304 GA Dozier Madison Wakefield Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Wren’s 96 Bonel Maton Oklon Bates Wren’s Abruzzi AL GI 87 Triticale Trical 2700 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 758 915 484 546 582 545 579 574 860 373 273 491 530 888 495 612 1,793 1,282 1,669 1,581 1,515 1,966 1,863 1,832 1,641 2,010 2,109 1,880 1,682 1,280 1,508 1,602 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2,551 2,196 2,153 2,127 2,096 2,511 2,442 2,405 2,501 2,383 2,382 2,371 2,212 2,167 2,003 2,215 CALE TABLE 27. T HREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER Y IELD OF WHEAT, OATS, RYE, AND TRITI V ARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT LOWER COASTAL P LAIN SUBSTATION, CAMDEN, A LABAMA, 1996-98 Seasonal Forage Yield/Acre Autumn lb. Winter lb. Early Spring lb. Late Spring lb. Total lb. Brand-Variety Wheat Wakefield Madison GA Dozier Florida 304 Oats Chapman Harrison Ga Mitchell Rye Wren’s 96 Bonel Maton Oklon GI 87 Wren’s Abruzzi AL Triticale Trical 2700 - 988 906 691 1,226 852 737 729 1,280 899 623 868 1,035 1,244 914 1,443 1,448 1,635 1,122 1,567 1,658 1,460 2,640 1,863 2,034 1,731 1,537 1,075 1,411 320 306 276 241 377 315 372 281 184 219 210 118 309 342 2,751 2,660 2,602 2,589 2,796 2,709 2,561 4,202 2,946 2,876 2,809 2,690 2,628 2,666 24 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Sources of Seed Wheat AR 584A-3-1 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas GA Dozier, Roberts (formerly GA 871339) Univ. of Georgia, Georgia Station Griffin, Georgia Florida 304 Univ. of Florida, Agric. Res. Ctr. Quincy, Florida Madison, Wakefield Alabama Crop Improvement Assoc. Auburn, Alabama Rye Wren’s Abruzzi AL Alabama Crop Improvement Assoc. Auburn, Alabama GI-87 Ryegrazer Carl R. Gurley, Inc. Princeton, North Carolina RB 20-20 Red Barn Industries, Raleigh, North Carolina Bates, Bonel, Elbon, Maton, Oklon Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc. Ardmore, Oklahoma Wren’s 96 Univ. of Georgia, Georgia Station Griffin, Georgia Wintergrazer 70 Seed Production, Inc. Madison, Georgia Sawan Grazer Sawan Seeds, Inc. Pelham, Georgia Oats Ozark University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Dallas Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Chapman Univ. of Florida, Agric. Res. Ctr. Quincy, Florida GA Mitchell Alabama Crop Improvement Assoc. Auburn, Alabama Harrison Alabama Farmer’s Coop Decatur, Alabama