Bulletin No. 56,, : :e May, 1891. Agricultura Experiment Station -OF THE- AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE, AUBURN, ALABAMA. Experiiuents inCrossing for the Purpose of Iffiproviug the Cotton Fiber. P. H. MELL, BOTANIST. 'The Bulletins of this Station will be sent free to any citizen of the State on, application to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Ala. All communications should be addressed to EXPERIMENT STATION, AUBURN,' ALA. Published by order of the Board of Direction. BROWN PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, MONTGOMERY, ALA. BOARD OF VISITORS COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES ON EXPERIMENT STATION. I. F. CULVER .......................................... J. G. GILcHRIsT....... ............................. H. CLAY ARMSTRONG............................ Union Springs. Hope Hull. Auburn. :B0A2I WM. LEROY BROUN................ 1D Off' ............ DIIECTIO3MT. .... .......... ............. President. A. J. BONDURANT.......... .Agriculturist. B. B. Ross.................................... P. H. MELL. . .............. J. M. STEDMAN ........ ..... Chemist. ...... Botanist and Meteorologist. .... .............. Biologi st. ........... C. A. CARY, D. V. M ..................... ASSISTANTS: Veterinarian. J. T.ANDI*RSON..................... R. E. ........ ... ,.... First Assistant Chemist. Second Assistant Chemist. Third Assistant Chemist. INOBLE... .. .... HARE.................... ... ..... C. L. R. L. BIVINs........ T U.CULVER................. Clerk, and Assistant Botanist. Superintendent of Farm. ............. INTRODUCTION. In as much as this bulletin is prepared largely for the benefit of the farmer, who is but little versed in botanical literature, scientific terms have been carefully avoided where simple language will intelligibly convey the information desired without destroying scientific accuracy. There are also some remarks presented on the subject of plant growth, with which all botanists are familiar; but it is deemed best to submit them in this connection in order to make the topic under discussion more clear to the farmer, and, therefore, no other apology is necessary for reprinting these well known principles of botanical knowledge. The author of this bulletin makes no claim to new discoveries; and, although problems have been presented for solution, little more than an introduction to future investigations on the subject under consideration, has been attempted. The effort has been made o give an intelligent account of how the cotton plant might be developed so as to force it to yield the planter the greatest remuneration for his labor. Nature has been carefully followed, as far as her works have been understood, and all theories have been eliminated. The bulletin is intended to be one of facts and not of theories. The conclusions submitted are based on the results of investigations extending over a period of three years. Several hundred crosses were successfully made, and the developments from year to year carefully watched and studied. A large amount of microscopic work was required to determine the transformation of the fiber. The following represent the so-called varieties used in the experiments : Allen's long staple, Bailey, Barnett, Cherry's cluster, W. A. Cook, J. C. Cook, Dixon, Gold Dust, Hawkins' improved, 4 Herlong, Hunnicutt, Jones' improved, Jones' long staple, Keith, T. J. King, Okra leaf, Peeler, Peerless, Peterkin, Petit Gulf, Rameses, Rust proof, Storm proof, Southern Hope, Truitt, Welborn's Pet, Wonderful, Zellner. The following species, included in the table of results, were also planted the past season to acclimate them for future experiments : Two Egyptian types, "Mit-Afifi," and "Bamieh;" Nankin; Sea Island. The name, "Mit-Afifi," is derived from a village in Egypt, near which place a Greek merchant first discovered this variety of cotton. The form closely resembles the Sea Island in many particulars, although it is distinct enough to be determined a separate species. This cotton is very highly thought of by the Egyptian planters and is extensively cultivated by them. The staple has a light brown tinge and is long and moderately strong. The seed are black, and, with the exception of a bluish tuft at the extremity, they are smooth. The plants grew on the college farm at Auburn, Alabama, to the height of twelve feet. The leaves are large, three to five lobed and dark green in color. The stem is more or less branched with three or four bolls at each joint of the branch. The bolls are small, slender and pointed, and divided into three cells or carpels. The flowers are bright yellow with a red spot at the base of each of the five petals. This plant seems to be a variety of Gossypium Braziliense. The "Bamieh" is about as valuable as the Afifi in the development and strength of the fiber. The plant is tall, reaching a height of ten feet. The leaves are dark green with red veins, very large and five lobed. The bolls grow on slender stalks, six inches in length, attached to the main stem. There are no limbs. The divisions of the bolls are three, and, in some cases, four in number. The involucre is very prominent, almost covering the boll. The flowers are bright yellow with a red spot at the base of each of the five petals. Cotton caterpillars refuse to attack these plants, although all the ordinary plants around them were stripped of their leaves. THE PLAN OF THE COTTON FLOWER AND THE METHOD ADOPTED BY NATURE FOR MATURING THE SEEI). In entering upon the prosecution of any work we must first have an adequate conception of the nature of the object upon which we propose to experiment. Few people, who cultivate the cotton, can give an intelligent description of the plant and the rmethods used by it for maturing its seeds. Not many persons understand that the fiber consists of elongated cells growing from the outer surface of the seed-coat. Yet these very parties are amazed when they fail to make the plant accomplish what is so readily secured under the management of a more intelligent and careful agriculturist-the farmer who studies all the peculiarities of the plant, watching each development as it is unfolded under the guidance of natural laws. To the observant man it may be unnecessary to say that the best developed flower on the healthiest plant will produce the best staple. It is not the fast growing plant, greatly multiplied in leaf and wood surface, that is apt to produce the best matured flowers and bolls. The food necessary for all the demands of a healthy flower must come to it unstinted. If it is diverted from its flow by the demands of rapidly growing leaves and wood the generative organs must suffer, and this deficiency of food may cause the flower to wither and fall off-at least it will dwarf the organs and result in immature bolls. Before proceeding to discuss the results of the experiments secured in the cross-fertilization of the cotton it may be best to describe the construction of the flower for the benefit of some of my readers who are not well acquainted with the working of this 1 organ. This knowledge is necessary to a correct understanding of the ex/ 4periments,the results of which are given in this bulletin. The flower consists of five separate sets of organs. 1. An outside green circle of /three leaves, called involucre (see a fig. 1), the leaflets of which are united and heartshaped at the base, deeply incised, and remain in contact with the boll Sduringits entire growth. The peculiar shape of, these forms gives the name "square" to the young buds. 2. An inner circle of cup shaped leaves, obtusely five toothed, called calyx, the divisions of which are termed sepals. These forms are not visible in the fig. 3. Just inside the calyx cup is another circle of leaves called corolla, divided into five petals (see b fig. 1). The petals are generally of a delicate cream color when they first unfold from the bud, but in a few hours they change to deep red, after which they wither and fall off. These outside circles of leaves are termed the non-essential organs, because they simply serve a secondary purpose in the development of the seed-they are in fact the protecting organs for the delicate germ. 4. The next set of organs is called stamens; they are found crowded in large numbers around, and growing upon, the pistil (see a fig. 2). These stamens produce the male function, called pollen, which has the appearance, to the unassisted eye, of a mass of fine yellow powder. A grain has been greatly enlarged in fig. 3. Without the presence of / I this pollen the seed cannot be produced. 5. The pistil (bd fig. 2), is the female organ, and there are three to five in each flower, united and twisted around each other. The pistil consists of three parts: (1) stigma b, to which the pol len is first attached after it leaves the stamens; (2) the style, a slender shaft separating the stigma from the (3) C ovary. d. The ovary,, after cL c t 3eo Isga1~ & ?tiL ,the stigma or female organ. A cotton pollen grain is a sphere covered fertilization with poll en, forms the boll in which the seed and fiber are found. Now a few words as to the action of the pollen grains after they find lodgment on j "i I''i .. ' , " ". t . I.. , 4 9 D mv Q Y . ' . .. . "i, ". ' ' 'I. " ., ",'"1 " "" . .. I .~ ' . " ., with two coatings, or thin PoL e Q cc. of Cot -- membr anes., inside of which is a mass of matter (A fig. 3), that carries the male principle. The 3. coat, P, has ?,h ,M t 'DO a number of circular openings closed by lids, L, L', L", R, underneath which the inner membrane, S, is thickened. When the flower opens in early morning the pistil exudes a quantity of sticky fluid on and about the numerous fine hairs growing on the stigma, by means of which the pollen grains are caught when transported by the wind and insects. Very soon after the pollen lodges on the pistil, the lid, L fig. 3, is thrown aside by the growing of the inner membrane coat, S, into a tube. This tube pushes its way between the tissues of the stigma down the style and into the ovary at d fig. 2, where the end of the tube opens and the female germ becomes fertilized, thus producing the seed. The most remarkable fact in regard to this matter is the rapid growth of the pollen tube in such a short time, because the work must be accomplished in twenty-four hours. Shortly after the fertilization has taken place in the ovary, the petals, stamens and the upper portions of the pistil wither and fall off, leaving the ovary ." a and its surrounding involucre leaves. This ovary, as has been already stated, is the young boll containing the rapidly growing - . S • ..... seeds with their fiber coatings. A section of a half grown boll is given in fig. 4. This is a longitudinal section showing seeds at oo, .and e o{ o . . 4i. i the cells (or carpels) FF which will be filled with the staple when the boll is complete in its growth. SS represent the calyx. yx.a The involucre is not shown in the drawing. 1"1". " (1 'lll 5 is ;l l11'()Ss 1)1' I)llllt _ ;It section III tlII t(Iln l -- hill' stllr('ll st'I'II I'yItI16tIII, tIt(, v'(Iltll" ;11111 IIII fl.w Its Its,flfn frl ;it l' r tlll' tll(' ' f Ill!( rn N'Iln t- llll C. III' sltl'fIw (, of tit(, A\ hou Y. the ilitlIt('llc l ul(Ii ttll'(' :tllll III' of G V t1w slII i 11v i u 1n t th(' l it I II(m(,rI)f tll('sull's, r:tvs, it L r( ;Ik s tIw(.1):itIw IIII ;Intl t:l )-is N\ 11 It it';tImnr(ls Z "r(IN011 - tIt(' lilit. nnu, ,hlr Iit tllIs I II' its it IIVes 11 1)(nl the (Il'lI(,;I o f( )d pre I)o IvII :utll St( n'('(1 nh hV its II: FOIlt I)lnnt :It 11. WIWIl this f(III(I is O\ IMlist( '41 tI Ili 11, 1)1 nnt i ()III I'nlln, lt t I I t:tl:(- (ItI,( IIf It If ;nl(1 Irink in tln'urlll its r(I(It, WWII ulilat tit(' fII(IIl nl;lh'rI I.Is ft.(nu tll(' S(III ill vvIIIch it is ,r(Iain,. It ill L(' r( a(IIIv itn(I rstlI()(t ft.( )III till, flIn ,(IiI I, lI iul luIrt;III it is tI1 II:Iv( lI(IIII'u rains (If tIit I( c I;tr;lrt( r ;ul(1 'St a vN (I vI'b I('II IlIsit1, 1f \v(' oxII(u't t(I '(.It re Ilih r;t(1o fil v. IIIf( I.i()I Ill;ults ("nlnl(It 1)1'()(lnco Iw :tIt11 1Il',nns It it(] .n11('ri(Ir ;utv ul(we tluut iuflIi(Ir Irn(b-s ()f stock (-;tit IIl'()(lna' tilt( tlluull('(1 cmI s and ll(II' ( , S() IItII(, ;lit(,IItl(III is l):Ii(1 t(I this snLj('ct h IIl a it( ,rs n( u'al l v II(I r( )III );trntiVO estiIt lnt(' (,;Ill II( ilt;t(to IIII tll(' resnlts aft( ,r t1w I ;Ire 11laI It('(1. 'I ll(' (1,11'. 11, h11,m v I( 4h(-r tIit, ( (l c:uno It fr()lit til'st -class phlilts IIt" u(It; II('tllrr tln'v niv "(I()(1, haul ()r illditfllrl111t. A (I ILttI'I IIIIt in Iua(II tII s(!I('ct tll( 1, lin t ; (II I(l, Lull ;ut(1 Irt illI ,s It re 111alit( (I in III(' (frill toI('ether. 1 IWIl tll(' I)l:ults ;u'(' r( a;IdY t II LLlulu thO iltferi(IF ;ls vv-4'11 ;Is 10 the superior individuals are permitted to grow side by side, while the insects and winds are busy blending the two together by means of the transmitted pollen, and, of course, the healthy plants suffer to the advantage of the inferior forms. The seed thus produced become greatly deteriorated in the course of a few years, and the farmer is ready to heap denunciations on the head of the man from whom he bought the improved seed a few years before, at a high price. It does not pay to cultivate inferior grades of cotton in the neighboring fields where improved cotton is growing. Insects will soon transmit pollen from one grade to the other so as to cause the fine seed to greatly lose its vitality and superior qualities, and soon cause it to retrograde to the original inferior stock from which it had been improved. An intelligent, observant man, standing in a cotton field during a bright, warm morning, in July or August, will notice humming birds and many insects busy flying from flower to flower sucking the nectar for food. A close examination of the bodies of these insects will disclose the fact that over them is scattered quantities of pollen. When the insect crowds down into the corolla cup to reach the nectar at its base, the pollen on its body is attached to the stigma and fertilization is accomplished. Now if the insect has visited the flowers of inferior grades of cotton before reaching the improved flower, the inferior pollen will have a chance to put in its effects on the germ of the improved cotton. All seed should be carefully selected each season; and inferior plants noted in the field should be rooted out before they begin to bloom. With these facts concerning the development of the flower well understood we are prepared to enter upon the discussion of the results secured from the experiments in crossing. METHODS ADOPTED IN THE FIELD FOR PRODUCING THE CROSSING. The term "crossing" in botany signifies the blending of two varieties of the same species by transmitting the pollen of the flower of one form to the pistil of the other.- In this 11 manner the peculiar properties of 'both varieties are united in a new offspring, and results of special advantage are often secured. In the experiments conducted at Auburn the "W. A. Cook" and "Peerless" varieties were selected to carry the female function, because these plants had distinctive and desirable features which were strongly marked; and a stable basis was thus offered upon which to develop the future improved bolls. Having succeeded in raising strong and healthy plants of all the varieties mentioned in another part of this bulletin, a number of flowers on the best plants of the W. A. Cook and Peerless were prepared in the following manner, on an evening just before sundown, when there was no'indication of rain for at least forty-eight hours: The buds on the most mature limbs were selected, the petals of which would fully expand during the early hours of the next morning, and by means of small scissors these petals (b fig. 1) were cut off just above their bases, thus exposing the stamens and pistils fully to view. The stamens (a fig. 2) were then carefully removed by means of a pair of forceps, without bruising the pistil. Thus denuded of all male organs the pistil was covered with a thin paper bag, as a protection against the wind and insects, and left until next morning by which time it was fully developed with all its functions ready for the reception of the pollen. A healthy flower from a plant of another variety was plucked next morning and carried to the flower prepared the afternoon before, and, by means of a small soft brush, the pollen was dusted on the stigma (b fig. 2) of the pistil. The bag was replaced and carefully fastened around the limb so as to prevent any possibility of pollen from any other source being introduced upon the pistil. A tag, properly labeled, was suspended at the base of the flower for future reference. After two or three days this bag was taken off and the new boll left to grow under the influence of the sun's rays. Many hundreds of these bolls were grown, the fiber gath- 12 ered and the seed carefully selected and planted the following season. The seeds were again gathered, carefully selected and planted the third season. The fiber of the last planting was then subjected to the most rigid examination under the microscope and submitted to severe tests to determine its valuable and weak properties. The strands of fiber, as already stated, are elongated tubes growing from the outer surface of the seed coat. In their young state they are filled with a fluid, but as maturity advances this fluid disappears, the walls of the tube collapse, and a twisted form is assumed which is more and more complete as the development of the tube approaches perfection. The value of the staple is largely controlled by the degree of this twist; and this property also enables the spinner to manipulate the fiber to the best advantage. Now, in as much as the fiber is a portion of the seed coat, the full and perfect maturity of the seed will also produce in the staple a complete twist and maximum degree of strength. The plant, therefore, in all its stages should be closely watched and carefully studied in order to fully understand its peculiar properties-what characteristics are desirable and what are objectionable. Two varieties of the same species, well understood, should be blended, in the manner already indicated, so as to intensify the desirable traits and greatly diminish the inferior qualities. For instance, if the male organ on one plant matures fine grades of pollen, and the female organ is healthy and well developed on the other, the blending of the two will tend to improve the resulting form. A careful selection of the seed, planting only the best, will still further aid in producing superior results. In conducting the experiments at Auburn special importance has been placed on eliminating all objectionable and weak forms, as progress is made, and in intensifying the strong features until the best types are firmly established. The fact has been borne in mind at all times that no satisfactory results could be secured from this work unless the 13 plants under investigation were cultivated far removed from inferior grades of cotton. SOME OF THE PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED. 1. Are all the so-called "varieties" of cotton grown in the South entitled to separate names? 2. How many species of the Gossypium are cultivated in the cotton-belt? Are the upland forms-so-called "Upland Cotton"--true species or are they hybrids, the product of blending two or more distinct species during the long period of years in which the cotton has been cultivated in the South ? 3. In "improving" the cotton plant is the fiber strengthened and developed, or is there simply an increase in the size of the plant to the detriment of the fiber? Is it not often the case that the fiber is weakened and damaged by forcing the plant, as we sometimes notice is the case when certain forms of fruits are forced to ripen earlier than the usual period, causing the outside coating to mature before the inferior is thoroughly developed? 4. At what stage of growth of the boll does the fiber attain its full development? 5. What are the properties of a well formed cotton fiber? Some of these problems are not yet fully answered by the results so far secured, but valuable information has been obtained on all the questions propounded, and, in some instances, decided answers will be rendered. 1. Are all the "so-called" varieties entitled to separate names? This question seems to be answered in the following classification of these "varieties." (1) Short staple forms, under 1.2 inches: Bailey, Barnett, Cherry's cluster, J. C. Cook, Dixon, Gold dust, Hawkins' improved, Herlong, Hunnicutt, Jones' improved, Keith, King, Okra leaf, Peeler, Peerless, Peterkin, Petit gulf, Rust proof, Rameses, Southern hope, Storm proof, Truitt, Welborn's pet, Zellner. 14 (2) Long staple, 1.3 inches and above: Allen's long staple, W. A. Cook, Jones' long staple, Wonderful. (3) Prolific forms: Allen's long staple, Bailey, Barnett, Cherry's cluster, W. A. Cook, Dixon, Gold dust, Hawkins' improved, Herlong, Hunnicutt, Jones' improved, Keith, King, Okra leaf, Peerless, Truitt, Welborn's pet, Wonderful. (4) Non-prolific: J. C. Cook, Jones' long staple, Peeler, Peterkin, Petit gulf, Storm proof, Southern hope, Zellner. (5) Those forms which have leaves alike: Allen's long staple, Cherry's cluster, Dixon, Jones' improved, Jones' long staple, Gold dust, Hunnicutt, Keith, King, Peeler, Truitt, Wonderful, Zellner. (Three to five lobed leaves.) W. A. Cook, Hawkins' improved, Peerless, Petit gulf, Southern hope, Storm proof, Welborn's pet. (Four to five lobed leaves.) (6) Long limbed forms: Allen's long staple, J. C. Cook, Gold dust, Herlong, Hunnicutt, Jones' long staple, King, Peeler, Peerless, Peterkin, Petit gulf, Rameses, Southern hope, Truitt, Wonderful, Zellner. (7) Short limbed forms: Bailey, Barnett, Cherry's cluster, W. A. Cook, Dixon, Hawkins' improved, Jones' improved, Keith, Okra leaf, Storm proof, Welborn's pet. (8) Clustered varieties: Cherry's cluster, Herlong, Peerless, Welborn's pet. (9) Large boll varieties: Allen's long staple, W. A. Cook, Hawkins' improved, Hunnicutt, Jones' long staple, Wonderful. (10) Medium and small varieties : Bailey, Barnett, Cherry's cluster, J. C. Cook, Dixon, Gold dust, Herlong, Jones' improved, Keith, King, Okra leaf, Peeler, Peerless, Peterkin, Petit gulf, Rameses, Southern hope, Storm proof, Truitt, Welborn's pet, Zellner. 15 (1i) The dark, smooth seed forms: Bailey. (12) The furry, dark and small seed forms: J. C. Cook, Petit gulf. (13) The large light brown, furry seed forms: Allen's long staple, W. A. Cook, Gold dust, Hawkins' improved, Hunnicutt, Jones' long staple, Keith, King, Peeler, Peerless, Peterkin, Rameses, Southern hope, Storm proof, Truitt, Welborn's pet, Wonderful, Zellner. (14) The small, light brown, furry seed forms: Barnett, Cherry's cluster, Dixon, Herlong, Jones' improved, Okra leaf. Selecting from the above classification those forms which have features alike, we may rearrange our plants into the following seven groups: 1. Allen's long staple, W. A. Cook, Hunnicutt, Jones' long staple, Wonderful. 2. Bailey, Okra leaf. 3. Cherry's cluster, Herlong, Peerless, Welborn's pet. 4. J. C. Cook. 5. Barnett, Dixon, Hawkins' improved, Jones' improved, Keith, King, Rameses, Truitt. 6. Gold dust. 7. Peterkin, Peeler, Petit gulf, Storm proof, Southern hope, Zellner. It may not be far wrong to assert that each of the 'many so-called varieties now on the market belong to one of these groups; and, in a number of instances, coming under the observation of the writer, the "new cotton" has no right to a new name, but is only an improved production of seed under an excellent system of cultivation and selection from year to year. The second problem in our investigations, viz.: How many species of the gossypium are cultivated in the cotton belt, &c., is quite difficult to solve with the present data at hand. We may say, however, that indications point to the presence of the following species at least: 16 Gossypiitn herbaceitm, L.; gossypiumnroseum, Tod; gossypiurm nankin, iliey; gossypium Mexicanum, Tod; gossypium ataritimn, To]; ossypiu-n hirsutaw, Mill; gosspium barbadense, Linn. Some of these have been blended and intercrossed to such a degree as to almost conceal the distinctive features of each species. There is strong reason to suppose that the "upland cotton" is a hybrid produced by the . . t eblending ' cl~_ 1 tie of several species, under the cultivation proper- of a long series of years. For instance the Bailey and Okra leaf varieties seem to be the offsprings from the gossypium maritinmm Tod, and g. roseum Tod. They have the Sea Island properties in the small black, smooth seed, the long fiber and the deep lobing of the leaves. Cherry's cluster, and other forms like it,.e have properties resembling gossypiumr Wightianumn Tod, g. Mexicanum Tod, and g. maritimumr Tod.. Cotton has been cultivated in the South for such a long r n s e r o m se r period, a been planted near .a d aydif e- - in such "c12e r s's C tz e - localities to each FLS ?. other, every opportn- 17 nity has been presented for favorable hybridizing, and in the repeated replanting of these seed year after year, the types have been well estab- m Af, a .MZL lished. It becomes, therefore, a difficult problem to determine from what kind of species the individuals are derived. Investigations will be continued on this line and it is hoped that future results will warrant a more decided answer to the problem. Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, Dz show the forms of the leaves grown on the plants cultivated at Auburn experiments, and they also represent t he number of species. It may not be far wrong to say that they also , give us the majority, if not all, the types grown in the South. 'for our If this position is correct these leaves will be of some interest in enabling us to answer the problem concerning the number ofa species now found in the cotton belt.,, Se Sa ,cL 18 In a future bulletin this subject of the identification of the cotton will be more fully and definitely treated. 3. in improving the cotton plant is the fiber strengthened and developed, or is there simply an increase in the size of the plant to the detriment of the fiber? The experiments seem to give an unmistakable answer to this question. It was only on those plants which were large, strong and healthy that the best condition of the fiber was secured. But, this being true, it was noticed on the other hand, that on those plants where there was a very rapid growth of wood-limbs and leaves there was a diminution in the number of flowers. This was caused, no doubt, by the great draft on the supply of sap to satisfy the demand of these growing parts. All things being equal, therefore, it is safe to say that the best condition of the fiber will be secured by a steady, constant growth of the plant in all its parts. It should not be stunted or retarded for lack of proper fertilization and cultivation, but every demand should be met so that a vigorous growth will be secured in all the functions of the plant. Nature often needs assistance to enable her to do her best work, particularly in her attempt to accomplish healthy results in the poor soils so prevalent throughout the cotton belt. The plant must be fed with the same judicious care that the stockman bestows upon animals under his intelligent management. It must be equally fed for wood-making, leaf development and seed maturity. And these ends can only be reached through painstaking care and observation of stages of the plant growth and development. The experiments conducted at Auburn give conclusive evidence that the improvement of the cotton plant under the influence of the crossing processes does not deteriorate the fiber, but tends greatly towards making it superior in its properties. There was no effort made to force the plant in its growth, but every inducement was offered it to perfect itself in all its functions. In the careful examinations made of the cotton stalk in the field it was noticed that on those all 19 plants which were strong and vigorous from the start and grew slowly to large, well developed stalks the flowers were larger, brighter in color and the bolls were also well formed and healthy in looks. The resulting fiber, of course, under such conditions, was possessed of the best qualities. The twenty-eight best forms given in another part of this bulletin (page 21) were large, finely developed plants that were well fruited, and in all respects healthy and vigorous. The experiments are not yet far enough advanced to answer the-fourth question, and it will, therefore, be deferred until progress will warrant the printing of another bulletin on this subject. 5.' What are the properties qof a well formed cotton fiber? and how near do the crossed forms in this bulletin approach the perfect condition ? Experience has proven that the perfect staple must have (1) Complete maturity throughout the entire length. (2) Uniform twist from end to end. (3) Uniform width in all part&s. (4) Maximum length. (5) Purity in color. The table of results show that the crosses, in nearly every instance, have improved the condition of the cotton, and, in some individuals, remarkably so. The length of the fiber has been increased in numerous cases, and the strength almost doubled. It is true that the percentage of fiber is not as great as we would desire, but this is due to the increased size of the seed. Both female forms on which the crosses were made, are large seed varieties and the resulting cross would naturally tend towards an increased size in the portion of the plant. Experiments may enable us to raise the percentage of the fiber after the seed-coat has been evolved into a stable, healthy condition. It may be noticed, however, that although the percentage of fiber in the crossed plants is smaller than that produced by the originals, still, the actual weight of the former is frequently nearly double that of the latter. 20 After a careful study of the tables in this bulletin the following plants have been selected because they seem to sustain in great measure the best traits of superior grades of fiber, viz., strength, maturity, length, twist and purity of color. These are named in the order of their superiority, and, in some cases, they show a remarkable degree of development from the original forms. For instance, the cross resulting from blending Barnett and Peerless, the first mentioned in the list following, shows certain decided improvements that are interesting. The number of seed to each boll increased from 27 in Barnett and 42 in Peerless (or an average of 34.5) to 38 in the crossed plant. The increase in weight of seed is from 3.115 grammes in Barnett, 3.217 grammes in Peerless to 4.866 grammes in the crossed plant, or a gain of 1.700 over the average results of the two originals. In the case of the fiber the weight has increased over the original forms in the following manner: Barnett, 1.737 grammes; Peerless, 1.751 grammes, and the crossed plant, 2.244 grammes, or an increase of 0.500 of a gramme over the average results of the originals. These facts are quite interesting, because they show the possibility of wonderful results if the experiments of crossing are continued far enough to established these tendencies towards perfected forms of development. If nothing else is gained than simply an increased length in the fiber with maturity in twist the results of the investigations will more than repay the amount of work and time expended. The table on pages 22 and 23 was prepared to show more strikingly the decided improvement secured over the original varieties, and some most remarkable and interesting facts are shown in this comparison. The marked improvement in every instance establishes beyond doubt the importance of the experiments, the results of which are submitted in this bulletin. Twenty-eight No. ^ TABLE I. of the best forms of cotton produced by the crossing process. Named in order of superiority. i NAMES. STRENGTH.' MATURITY. I LENGTH. T TWIST. 12.. Barnett on Peerless .................................... 14.57 70.. Truitt on Peerless........................................... 14.. Cherry's Cluster on Cook. .......... .................. 56.. Petit Gulf on Peerless................ ................. 43.. King on Cook ........................................ ................ 58.. Rust Proof on Peerless................ 54.. Peterkin on Peerless.................................... .............. 76.. Wonderful on Peerless................ .................................... 55. Petit Gulf on Cook 2.. Allens long staple on Peerless............................ .............. 79.. Wonderful on Peerless................. .................... 74.. Welborns pet on Peerless........... 38.. Jones' long staple on Peerless............................ 51.. Peerless on Cook.................... .................. ................................ 83.. Zellner on Cook... Okra leaf on Peerless ..................................... 14.14 13.08 13.04 12.79 12.58 Excellent.. Very good.. Very good. . Good... Good... Very good. . 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 12.46 12.44 11.96 11.95 10.79 10.75 11.71 11.56 11.56 11.32 11.28 11.04 10.97 10.89 10.78 10.55 10.51 10.39 10.27 10.21 10.06 10.05 Excellent. . Excellent .. Good.. Good .. 46.. Peerless................... 77.. staple 3.. Allen's longPeerless on Peerless.............................. . ............... 49. Peeler on 33.. Truitt on improved ........................ 71. Cook............................................ 19.. Cherry's cluster on Cook.................................. . 15. . 37. 7. 11. 50.. 47. are 1.4 good.. Good... 1.1 Excellent.. 1.0 Wonderful on 1.3 Good... Good... 1.2 1.2 . Very good. . on Peerless ............................ Hawkins' Excellent.. . 1.2 1.4 Good... J. C. Cook on Peerless..................................... 1.2 Excellent.. . 1.2 Very good.. Jones' improved on Peerless................................ . 1.2 Good... Bailey on Cook........................................... 1.4 Good ... Barnett on Cook .......................................... 1.4 Peeler on Cook............................................ Very good. . 1.4 . ............ Good.. Peeler on Peerless....... .................... The numbers in this column are the same found in Table IV-first column. t The measurements t The length is determined in inches. in grammes (a gramme is equivalent to 15.4 grains). Very Very Good.. Excellent.. Good... Very good. . 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.4 Excellent. Excellent. Excellent. Good. Excellent. Very good. Excellent. Excellent. Good. Very good. Very good. Excellent. Good. Good. Very good. Very good. Excellent. Good. Good. Excellent. Excellent. Good. Excellent. Good. Good. Good. Very-good. Very good. of strength TABLE II.. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL PLANTS AND N 25 .N OF THE BEST IMPROVED FORMS. I.5 3+3 V NAME OF PLANT. 0 V go 0 0 c Q 4-4 0 A o a00 oS - 1 - z 0 i i i -1 r-- 4. 866'2. 244 68.4 38 12 Barnett on Peerless ..................... 3 217 1.751 64.8 Peerless )42 .Average.....................34.5 3.166 1.744 64.5 3.115 1.737 64.2 Barnett )27 5.197 2.580 68.1 70 Truitt on. Peerless ..................... 3.217 1.751 64.8 Peerless )42 4.1222.085 66.2 Average ..................... 5.027 2.419 67.6 33 Truitt 4. 326 1.979 68.6 14 Cherry's Cluster on Cook................ 36 5.675 2.740 67.4 42 Cook, WV. A., 4. 796 2.465 65.5 Average ............... 3.917 2.190 63.5 42 Cherry's Cluster) 4. 276 3. 214 57.1 44 56 Petit Gunlf on Peerless ................... 3.217 1.751 64 8 Peerless, )42 42 4.557 2.2-51 66.5 .......... Average ......... 42 Petit Gulf) 5.897 2.751 68.2 4.6562.007 69.7 43 King on Cook....................... ... 38 5.675 2.740 67.4 42 Cook, WV. A., ~Average ................... 43 5 4.082 2. 135 64.4 King, )45 I2 470 1.530 61.4 4.608 2-396 65.8 58 Rust Proof on Peerless.................. 33 )42 Peerless, 3.217 1.751 64.8 Average.................. 41.5 4. 279 2.229 65.6 41 Rust Proof,) 5.340 2.706 66.3 43 4. 945 2. 630 65.3 54 Peterkin on Peerless .................... 31.6 35.5 31.9 37 0.87 0.020 Very good 0.94 0.020 35.8 1.00 0.020OFair. 35.2 1.10 i 0. 022 Excellent 14.993 13.95 i 1.10 0.021 Excellent 0.87 0.020 Very good 0.89 0.017 . 0.9 0 015 Poor. + 15.38 12.79 37.5 4.2 35.2 33.8 32.4 31.4 1.30 0.020 Excellent 32.6 34.6 0.90 0.017 Fair. 0.90 0. 018 Good. 35.2 0.87 0.020 Very good 33.5 0.94 0.020 36.5 1.20 0.018 1.50 0. 020 Good. 14.20 12.31 42.9 13.71 11.75 31.8 1.00 0.020 Very good 30.1 32.6 1.00 0.018 Excellent 1.50 0. Good. 020 14.47 O 10.81 35.6 38.6 1.10 0.019 0.70 0.018 Fair. 34.2 1.00 0.022 Very good 35.2 0.87 0.020 Very good 34.0 0.017 32.7 0.014 Fair. 34.7 1.10 '0.022 Excellent, 13.10 12.10 14.40 10.43 55 Petit Gu~lf on Cook...................... 43 42 Cook, W. A., Average............... 42 42 Petit Gulf,) 2 Allen's Long Staple on Peerless.........34 Peerless,43 PeelesAverage ........... 42. Allen's Long Staple, 45 79 Wonderful on Peerless.................. 40 )42 Peerless, 42 SAverage .................. Wonderful, )42 ... 38 74 Welborn's Pet on Peerless ............ Peerless, 42 Welborn's Pet, 34 38 Jones' Long Staple on Peerless........... 43 Peerless, 42 Average ........... 42 Jones' Long Staple, 42 51 Peerless on Cook....................... 3 Cook, W. A., 42 Average.................. 42 Peerless, 42 83 Zellner on Cook .................. ...... 41 Cook, WV. A.,) 42 Average ................... ) 42 3.217 1.751 Average...................43.5 3.522 2.125 Peterkin, ) 45 3.826 2.499 5.0102.575 76 Wonderful on Peerless.................34 Peerless, 3.217 1.751 ) 42 SAverage ............... 4.3162.087 ... 42 Wonderful, ) 42 5.415 2.423 Peerless, 64.8 60.3 35.2 39.7 0.87 0.O20oVery good 1.00 0 0"0OFair. 62.6 37.5 0.940.020 64.7 64.8 35.3 35.2 1.200.020 Excellent 0.87 0.020Verygood 14.48 11.22 66.9 33.1 1.110. 019 69.0 31 0 1.35 0.018 Very fair. 4.2162.507 62.7 37.3 0. 90 0. 016 Good. 5.675 2 740 67.4 32.6 1.50 .0.02Good. 5.7862.746 66.8 32.2 1.250.020 1.00 0.O20oVery good 5.897 2.751 68.2 31.8 4.540 2.194 67.4 32.6 1.30 0 .020 Very good 3.217 1.751 64.8 35.2 0.87 0.020 Very good 3.4691.893 64.8 35.2 1. 09 0. 020 3.722 2.035 64.7 35.3 1.30, 0 020 Fair. 5.154 2.490 67.4 32 6 1.20 0.017 Very good 3.217 1 751 64.8 35.2 0.87 0 020 Very good 15.30 9.25 12.25 11.7 7 11.34 9.78 4.3162.087 Average................ 38 1.110. 019 5.415 2.423 69.0 31.0 1.35 0.018 Very fair. 4.123 1.394 74.7 25.3 0.90 0.037 Excellent 3.217 1.751 64.8 66.9 33.1 2. 265. 1. 320 62.2 37.8 0.890.017 1.312 0.890 59.6 40.4 0.90 0.014 Good. 6.337 2.500 71.7 28.3 1. 200 O2Good. 3.217 1.751 64.8 35.2 35.2 12.98 10.32 0.87 0.O20oVery good 16.76 8.24 4.32~9 2. 156 66.4 33.6 1.06 0.020 5.440 2.560 68.0 32.0 1. 5 0.020 Very poor 4.607194 70.4 29.6 1.40 0. 020 Good. 5.675 2.740 67.4 32.6 1.50 0.020'Good. 4.446 2.246 66.1 33.9 1.19 0.02-01 3.217 1.751 64.8 35.2 0.87 0.O20 Very good 15.20 8.85 Zellner, 37.5 33 4.916 1.653 74.8 25.2 1.40 0.0.21 Very good 5.675 2.740 67.4 32.6 1.50 0.020 Very good 5.3452.289 70.6 29.7 1.20 0.020 5.015 1.837 73.8 26.8 0.87 0.O20oVery good 14.881 10.50 0.90 0.O2OFair. TABLE II-Continued. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL PLANTS AND 25 OF THE BEST IMPROVED FORMS-Continued. r C) NAME OF PLANT.O cd Q U ZZ ° g c3 N G1 4i i i i 46 Okra Leaf on Peerless...................37 )42 Peerless, Average ................... Okra Leaf, ) 77 Wonderful on Peerless...................38 Peerless, SAverage ................... Wonderfuil,42 49 Peeler on Peerless........................39 Peerless, )42 Average ................... 4.933 2.630 65.3 34.7 3.217 1.751 31 42 42 2.852 1.857 3.217 1.751 1.10 0.020 Very good 1.04 0.021 0.87 0.020 Very good 1.20 0.022 Very fair. 14.84 9.2 7 36.5 3.035 1.804 62.7 64.8 60.6 64.8 35.2 37.3 39.4 .5.344 2.660 66.8 33.2 35.2 1.00 0.022 Excellent 1.11 0.019 13.77 9.25 Peeler, 3 llawkins' Improved on Peerless.......... )42 Peerless, Average ........... Hawkins' Improved) ......... ... 71 Truitt on Cook ............ Cook, W. A.,) Average.................. )43 4.316 2.087 66.9 5.415 2.42 69.0 4.988 2.216 69.2 3.217 1.751 64.8 42.5 4.039 2.037 66.7 4.860 2.322 67.6 64.8 33.1 31.0 0.87 0.020 Very good 1.35 0 018 Very fair. 30.8 35 2 32.4 35.2 1.20 0.022 Good. 1.20 0 014:Fair. 14.42 9.10 33.8 1.04 0.017 0.87 0.020 Very good 43 5.260 2.346 69.2 3.217 1.751 30.8 1.20 0.020 Excellent 0.87 0.020 Very good 0.87 0.020 0.87 0.020: Fair. 1.20 0.014 Excellent 1.50 0.020 Good. 1.20 0.017 0.90 0.014-Poor. 1.40 0.021, Good. 0.87 0.020-Very good 16.78 7.38 Truitt, )33 35 19 J. C. Cook on Peerless.................. )42 Peerless, SAverage . ............... . J. C. Cook, 44 15 Cherry's Cluster on Cook ................ 41.5 2.444 1.424 62.6 37.5 41 1.670 1.096 60.3 39.7 43 5.670 2.554 68.9 31.1 42 5.675 2.740 67.4 32.6 5.352 2.580 67.5 32.5 12.35 9.68 37.5 5.029 2.419 67.6 64.8 4.363 1.793 3.217 1.751 32.4 35.2 70.9 29.1 13.87 7.87 4.840 2.545 65.5 34.51 1.2010.022 Excellent 12.08 8.61 Cook, W. A., 42 Average .............. 42 42 37 Jones' Improved on Peerless............42 42 Peerless,) SAverage............36 30 Jones' Improved, Cherry's Cluster, 4.7962.465 65.5 34.6 36.5 3.917 2.190 63.5 5.67M2.740 67.4 32.6 ..... 35 ...... 11 Barnett on Cook........ 67.4 32.6 5.675 2.740 42 W.A., SAverage.................... 34.5 4.395 2.239 65.8 34.2 3 115 1.737 64.2 35.8 27 ) Barnett, 73.9 26.1 40 ............. 50 Peeler on Cook....... .... Cook, W.A.,- Ciook, 0.90 ).020 Good. 67.8 32.2 1.200 0.020OVery good 35.2 0.87 3.217 1.751 64.8 3.8942.246 63.8 36.3 0.890 ).017 4.570 2.740 62.8 37.4 0 90 0.04 Good. 020 Good. 5.175 2.090 71.2 28.8 1.200 ).018 Fair. 0.017 1.50 0.020 Good. 11.00 9.75 5.2402.490 1.400 0.020 Good. 11.01 8.85 Peeler, 0.020 67.4 32.6 1.50 ).017 Good. 5.675 42 Average.................... 42.5 5.263 2.531 67.5 32.5 _~VI_ 0.014 Fair. 4.860 2.322 67.6 32.4 1.20 IV 43 6.3822.252 2-.740 1.250i0.020 1.00 1.50 Fair. 1.400 ). 018 Very good 11.16 8.54 1.35( 1 '26 TABLE III. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ORIGINAL i 0otn O O Ir-, 0~0 oO OEO Name of Cotton. ono 33. c N 4-6 4-4 3.5 E0 03~ Allen's L'g St'ple on Cook... on Peerless Bailey........ on Cook... on Peerless Barnett....... on Cook... on Peerless Cherry's Cluster on Cook... on I eerless W. A. Cook. J. C. Cook. onW.A.Cook* on Peerless. Dixon......... on Cook... on Peerless Gold Dust. on Cook... on Peerless Herlong. on Cook... on Peerless Hawkins' Imp. on Cook... on Peerless Hlnnicutt. on Long. . 5.6 Long... Medium Medium Medium 5.6 5.6 3. 4.5 5. 3. 345 3. 3.4.5 345 3. 3.. 3.5 3.5 3. 35 Long... Short...Tall.. Large .. 4-6 Medium. 6-7 Large... Small... 6-7 Medium. 6-7 Large. Pointed. Pointed... Pointed ... TC/ Round.. Round . . Pointed . Pointed... Medium. Medium Medium Medium 4. Long... Long... 4.5 4. 6.7 7. Short... Tall.. Long... 4. 4.6 Long... 4.5 Short... Cook... Cook... on Peerless Jones' Improved on on Peerless Jones' L'g Staple on Cook... on Peerless Keith......... on Cook .. on Peerless T. J. King.. on Cook... on Peerless Okra Leaf . on Cook... on Peerless Peeler........ on Cook... on Peerless Peerless. on Cook... 3.5 Short. 35 Long... 6. 3.5 Medium 4 5 Long.. Short. 3.5 3.5 5.6 Long... 3.5 Long.. 4.5 3. 4. Long... 3.5 Long.". 5.6 34 4. Short... Short.. Tall .. 3.5 3.5 5.6 Long... 3.5 Long... 4.5 3.5 Long... Tall.. 3.5 Long... 6.7 3.5 Long... 4.6 3.5 Short... 3. 3.5 3.4 Long... 3.5 Long... 4.5 Long... Tall. . 3.5 3.5 3.5 Long... 4.5 5. Short... 3.5 Long... 6.8 3.5 Long... 3.4 3. Long... 3. 3.5 Long... 3.4 3.5 Long... 5.6 Medium 4. 3.5 3.5 Long... 6. Long... Tall.. 3.5 Average 4.5 Long... 6.7 3.4.5 4. 4.5 Long.. 4.6 3.5 Short... 5-8 M edium.. 4-6-7 Medium.. Small... 5-9 Small... 6-7 Medium.. Large... Small. .. 3-6 Large... 8-10 Small.... Scatt'rd Small .. 7-12 Small.... 4 Small... Small... 7-8 Medium.. 5-7 Medium.. Medium... Long....... 4 6-8 Small. Large. 5-6 Large... Small ... 7 Large .. Medium . 3-4 Large... Medium.. 5-8 Small... 5-7 Small... Large.... Medium . Medium . 8-10 Large'.... Small... 3 Small... 3-4 Small... 5-6 Medium.. 5-7 Small... 5-6 5-7 3-4 5 3-5 Small... Medium.. Small... Large ... Small... Large Pointed... Round..... Round.... Pointed. . Pointed . Tapering. Round . . Tapering. Round... Round ... Tapering. Round.. Round ... Tapr'ng round Round. .. Round. .. Tapering.. Tapering. Round . . Tapering. Round .... Pointed.. Tapering. Pointed.. Round... Round.. Round ... Pointed.. Tapering .. Round.. Tapr'ng round . Round. Round ... Tapering. Tapering. Tapering. Round ... Tapering. Tapering. Tapering. & small Tapr'ng round Round... Thi type is probably a hybrid from a blending of the G. nanking or sanguineun the upland types. The color of stalk and smooth, black seed indicate 0.rWanking'or acrguineum and shape of leaves, bolls, etc,, the upland type. iFiber adheres tenaciously to the boll rendering it troublesome to pick, 27 )LINTS TABLE III Continued. AND THE CROSSES PRODUCED. 4-+ c r'' o U Remarks. Prolific. Prolific .... .Light brown Long. small, smooth. Prolific.. .. Black...Med. Early .. Prolific ... Light brown Long. Medium Seed large, furry. Prolific.. . Light brown Long . Early .. Seed large, furry. Prolific .... Light brown Medium Seed Long.' Medium Seed Seed .Late large, furry. large, furry. Prolific.. .. Light brown Long Mcdiurn Seed medium, furry -limbs num erous. Prolific . ... lDark browiu Short. Medium Seed small, furry-limbs numerous. Peerless clust'd. g eed med., Prolific.. .. Light brown Short. Early arly .. Cluistered- Seed med., furry-limbs nuin'ous. Prolific.. .. Light brown Long V Light brown Mcci ... Seed medium, furry-limhs furry-limbs scarce. furry-resembles Prolific .. .. Light brown, Short. Early Prolific.. . . Non-prolific Dark brow~n Short. Try late Purple stem -Seed small, furry. Average. Dark . ". Light brown LoLng. Shor .. Seed medium, numerous. Late . .. Seed large, furry. Prolific Prolific. . .... ... . Dark brown Long Medium Seed mediuom, furry-limbs numerous. Brown ... Early .t. .. brown Long .Long Medium Seed medium, furry--limbs numerous. Seed medium, furry. Prolific Brown. Early .. Seed medium, furry-limbs numerous. Non-prolific Brown...Short. Early .. Seed Mod. Pr'lille Brown . ... Short. Early . . Seed Prolific. .. Light brown Lonig" Early .. Seed Prolific .... Light brown Sliort. Early .. Seed Short. Early .. Seed Prolific .. .. Green ... Non-prolific Light brown Long. Early .. Seed Prolific.. .. Dark Green Sh1ort. Early .. Seed Prolific .... Light brown Short. Medium Seed Prolific.. .. Light brown Short. MVedium Seed Prolific .... Light brown Shorti \ledium Seed Prolific.. .. Light brown Short. Late. .. Seed Mod. Pr'lific Non-prolific Light brown Short. Medium Seed large, furry-limbs numerous. Moderate.. Light brown Short. Early Seed medium, furry--limbs drooping. Prolific.. Light brown Long. Medium Seed .. Early Light brown Light brown Short. Early medium, furry-limbs numerous. large, f urry-limbs few-very yel. pol'n. large, furry-limbs numerous. large, furry-limbs numerous. medium, f urry-clustered. large, furry-limbs numerous. medium, furry-limbs numerous. large, furry. small, furry-limbs numerous. small, furry-limbs numerous. large, furry-limbs numerous. large, furry-limbs numerous. Prolific-.... .. Short. .. .. Seed large, furry-limbs numerous. Seed large, f urry-limbs numerous. Non-prolific Light brown Long."Late. .. Light brown........Cross ...... .. large, furry-limbs numerous. Light Prolific . Prolific. . .. Light brown Short. Early .. Seed large, furry-limbs few. Long. Early . . Seed medium, furry--limbs numerous. Prolific .... numerous. Non-prolific Light brown Long Early .. Seed medium, Prolific.. brown Short."........Seed Light brown .... Seed large~, f urry-limbs straggling. failed. Sh.ort. Early .. Seed Prolific.. .. Dark Brown Short. Early . Seed medium, furry. Prolific .... Light brown Med.. Early . . Seed medium, furry. Non-prolific Brown. .. Brown. Short. Early .. Seed large, furry-limbs medium, furry. furry- limbs few. ....... Light brown Prolific. ... Non-prolific Brown .Long .Long." Non-prolific Brown. Sot .... Cross failed. Early Late. . .. Seed large, furry--limbs numerous. Seed large, furry-limbs straggling. Non-prolific Brown. Non-prolific Brown ... Prolific. . .. Light brown ... Medium Seed large, furry. Long. Medium Seed large, furry-limbs numerous. Shor. Early . . Two bolls at Long ......... Seed m~edium, furry. joints-seed large, furry, clust'd. 28 TABLEIT-Continiued. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ORIGINAL 0 oo 04- Name of Cotton. O 0 0A cE . 1 1- 4 s 0 Small.... 4 O .. Ro nd . .... Peterkin Imp'd. on Cook... Long... Tal Long... Tl.3.4 1- 3. 5.6 3.4.5 Petit Gulf... Long.. Tall.. 5. on Cook.. Long... 4. 3. on Peerless Long... 6. 3. Rameses..... .. 4....... on Cook... Long.. 4.5 5. on Peerless. 4. 3. Storm Proof t.. Medium Tall. .3.4.5 on Cook... Long... 4.5 3. on Peerless Long 45 3J.5 Southern Hope. Long... Tall.. 4.5 on Cook ... Long.. . 4.5 3. on Peerless .. 5. 3. Sea Island ...... ..... . 6. 5. Bamieh t...No limb 10. 5. t... ....... Short... 12. 3.5 Truitt ......... Long.. Av'ge 3.5 on Cook...YVeryl1'g 3.4 3.5 on Peerless Long... 4.5 3.5 Welborn's Pet.. Short... Tall.. 4.5 on Cook... Medium 6. 3.5 on Peerless Long .. . 4.6 3.5 on Peerless. 2-3 5-6 3 4 5-6' 4-5 2-3 4-6 3-5 6-7 5-6 2-3 3-4 3 5-7 3-4 3-5 2-3 5-7 3 3-4 Small........Round. S llMei m ... R un .... Small........Tapering... Large.......TPringd. Medium. Small.......Round. Ta..Pring... Medium. Ta..Pring Sag mall....R round Sm d .. Pointed. ........ TPringd. . Medium.....Pointed ... Small........Round. .. Small Affil Small ........ Tpin.. Small........Round. Long.m...ud......d Salle.......TPringd... Salle........ Pointed.. Salle........Rountd.. Large ....... Wonderful...Long... on Cook... on Peerless Zellner........ Long .. . on Cook.. Long... Long... Long... Tall. . 3.5 on Peerless Long.. . 4.6 ) 3. 6.7 3.5 4. 3.5 5.6 5. 3.4 3.5 SMall........ Round.... Small.. ...... Pointed . Small.. ...... Round.... Pointed. . The cotton worm passed these plants by even after all other plants had been stripped of leaves. 29 TABLE III-Continued. PLANTS AND THE CROSSES PRODUCED. Continued. N c C) PRemarks. oo a a bD~ Non-prolific Brown..Med. Non-prolific Brown. ... . Long Early .. Seed medium, furry. Prolific.. .. Brown ..... Short Average Seed medium, furry. Non-prolific Dark brown Med.. Late. .. Late. . . Seed medium, furry-plant straggling. Seed medium, Non-prolific Dark brown Short. Late .. Seed medium, furry. Non-prolific Dark brown Short. Late. .. Seed medium, furry. Prolific.. .. Brown...Short Early .. Seed large, furry. Prolific .... Brown ..... Short. Early . . Seed medium, furry. Mod. Pr'lific Brown..Short. Early . Seed medium, furry. Non-prolific Brown ... Med.. Late ... Seed large, furry. Late ... Seed large, furry. Non-prolific Browxn ........ Mod. Pr'lific Brown .Long. Average Seed large, furry--very little rust present. Non-prolific Brown..:Long Late. .. Seed large, furry-plant straggling. Mod. Pr'lific Brown .... Short. Average Seed medium, furry. Prolific.. .. Brown...Long. Average Seed medium, furry. Long. Late. . . S'd sm'l, sm'h-lvs larg-b'ls 3 lob.-st'lks red'h. Prolific .... Black ... Non-prolific Black ... Long Late ... S'd sm'l, sm'h-leaves larg'-bolls on main stem. Long. Late. . Leaves large-seed small, smooth. Non-prolific Black ... furry-plant straggling. Prolific. . .. Brown...Short Average Seed large, Non-prolific Brown..Long. Average Seed medium, furry-limbs numerous. furry. Prolific. . Prolific.. .. Brown ..... Short. Average Seed large, furry-limbs numerous. Prolific ... . Brown ..... Short. Early . . Seed large, furry--clustered. Non-prolific Brown..Long Early .. Seed large, furry. Non-prolific Brown...Short. Early .. Seed large, furry--limbs numerous. .. Light brown Long. Late. .. Seed large, furry. Non-prolific Prolific.. .. Non-prolific Non-prolific Non-prolific Light brown Long Average Light brown Long Average Brown...Short. Early .. Brown..Long Early.. Brown..Long Early .. Seed Seed Seed Seed Seed medium, furry. large, furry-limbs numerous. large, furry. small, furry. small, furry-limbs numerous. 30 TABLE IV. cC12 3 C1 vW1 C& Name of Varieties containing male supplying .a Q flowers S' o' O o .. " D oc.'" a O ".E Oj +; ao .Q0 I o , 4±~0 -D ,o0 polln. PbJL0 1i!itfifi......................... ............ 3 ... ... 2 3 4 5 Allen's Allen's Allen's Allen's Long Long Long Long Staple Peerless.. 2.5 4.8 4 ... Staple Peerless..... .... .. .... .......... Staple Cook,W A ... .... .... ........... ....... 2.3 Staple Cook, W A ... .... 6 Bailey ............ 7 Bailey ............ Cook,W A .. .... 8 Bailey ............ Peerless ..... .... 9 Bailey............. Peerless..... 10 Barnett .......... Cook,W A.3.3 Cook, W ... . . 4.4 5.0 A 2.0" 5.0 5 . 2.5 .... ......... .... 4.4 ........... 2.5 ............. 3 2.3 . 4.5 .. 4.5 11 Barnett ........... 12 Barnett .......... 13 Bamieh....................................... Cook,W A.............2.5 Peerless............................ 4 5.0 14 Cherry's 15 Cherry's 16 Cherry's Cluster... ..... 2.5 .... 4.1 Cluster... Cluster... Peerless..............2.2 Cook,W A. Cook,W A... 2.1 .... 4.3 .... .... 5 .... 4.8 Cook, W- A.......1 .85............. 17 Cook, J C......... Cook,W A. 2.1 18 Cook, J C.......... Cook,W A... .... 19 Cook, J C ......... Peerless...............2.1 20 Dixon............. 4.3 ...... ....... 4.5 5 2.4 2.4 2.5 21lDixon........... .. Cook,W A.................. 22 Dixon............. Peerless..... .... 23 Gold dust . Cook,W A. 2.0 24 Cook,W A A 4.8 4.9 4.0 5.0 2.1 Gold Hlerlong dust ......... ........ Cook, W ....... ....... ....... 4.1 .... ...... 2.0 5 2.4 .... . 4.0 5 2 25 Gold dust ......... 28 Herlong .... 29 .......... Peerless ..... Cook,W A.. .... 2.3 ................... 20 Gold dust......... Peerless............... .......... 4.7 5 2.4 4.7 4.9 Cook, W A ................... 2.5 30 Herlong ......... Peerless..................... 31 Herlong........... Peerless ...... 32 Hawkins' Improved CookW A.... .. .... 5.1 4.6 4.8 .... 4 ......... 2.8 .. 5 5 2.5 2.5 33 Hawkins' ImprovedlPeerless ............... 34 Hunnicutt ......... 2.3 5....... 3.7 5.0 5.3 Cook,W A... 35 Hunnicutt. ....... 37 Jones' improved... 38 Jones' long staple. 39D(Jones' long staple. 40lKeith........ ..... 4121Keith ............. Peerless ..... .......... 2.4 5 2 5 2.5 36Jones' improved... Cook,W A.... 42' eih ........... Cookw A... Peerless ..... Peerless..... .. .... ....... Peerless...... 2.3 4.8 Peerless . ... ... .. Cook,WA . 2.0 4.3 .... 5 i. 2.1 2.t 2.4 4 .5 ... 2.3 4.4 4.3 4.6 ... 4.5 43 King, T J.......... 44 King, T J.......... 45 Nankin............................. Cook, W ...... ......... ....... 2.3 2.4 4.3 4.3 A. 2.4 '4.5 Peerless ..... .... ......... .... .... 4 2 3 ........... 4.7 31 TABLE IVContinued. d rdf~ 0 k,2 mo C) C)0 0< 0 n 0 o M .oM nM a n v; 4 5 5 5 ... 20 45 ... 35 3.096 . 1.582....66.6...... 33 8 34 3.722 4.540 2.035 2.194 64.7 67.4 35.3 2.309....69.0 .. 40........5.117 .. 6...... 43 ........ 4.283...2.210 .. 39 41 6.430 .3.160. .... 4.2578 6 .132 2.4860 2.639 5 74.6 .2..... 70.0 25.4 5 .. 5 4 .. ..2.. ....8 5 7 2. . .. 2.704 35 . ..5.707 5 .... . . . .. 67.8 . 4.54 . 27 42 3 113 4.779 1.737 2.859 64.267.9 35.8 . .. .38.. ......4.8 55 58 .45. . .. 2.2 4 16 6 9 2 0 0 ..... 68.4213 . .6 . 4 .8 1 . 3 . .. 25 42 36 3.917 4.326 2.190 1.979 63.5 68.6 36.5 4 655. 2.545 ..... 4 .... 4.840. 5..... . 1.950......67.7. 4.........36.......4.090 ...2.740......674......32.0 5 42... ...5.675 44...... .4.556.. 2.993 65.5 60.4 34.5 5 . 2.399.......66.9 4.866 44..... 5..... 1.793.....70.9. 4.363 .... 4.........35 ..... 44 35 5.1068 4.976 2.5456 2.363 66.8 67.8 33.2 5 2.421.......70. 4.... 5.817... 0 5 .... 66.3. 1.907.... . 37 .. 3.860. 5 39 39 4.5850 4.841 2.1200 2.655 69.9 64.6 30.1 5 67.7. 1.944.... 13 .... 4.079.... 4 .... 2.140..... 5.... 4.873.... ..... 5 038. 2.819.......641 44.... .. .. 5 45 44 4.7900 5892 2.4670 2.512 67.9 60.6 32.1 5 4 36 ..... 5...222 .... 578 66.9. 4 4 .... 41 42 5 5 4 7 13. 1 38.......4.430 .... 40 40.. ..... .. 43 1.670 7.020 1 096 3 557 60.3 66.3 3.7 2.346......69.2. 43........5.260. 4.686...2.093..... 4.940 2.4518 2.120 69.2 34 5.4136 69.8 30.8 .846.....69.5. 47.......6.471.... 4.... 41 4.570 5.340 2.470 2.289 62.6 70.0 37.4 30 2.490...... 67.8 .. .. 5.240 .. 42 43 5.440 6.337 2.560 2.500 68.0 71.7 32.0 42 .2..... .1992 34 ...... 3.927. 69.9 69.4 30.1 35 34 4.1076 4.6751.675620 870.......72.7. 40.........984 .... 5 ....... . 3.376....66.7 .. 42........6.766 5 ... 2.490 4.656 1.530 2.007 61.4 69.7 38.6 45 38 5 . 2.228.....67.9.. 5..........34....4.724 5 5 5 5 4 4 36 4.067...1.838.......68.9.......31.1 32 TABLE IV Continued. C'erI2 r . flowers supplying .pollen. z Name of varieties containing male . H 00 ~1 bo 2O S- -0.013 41 z i 1-1-1.... e1.30 i 1 Mit Afifil........ ...... 2 Aliens Long Staple. 3 Allen's Long Staple. 4 Allen's Long Staple ... 5 Allen's Long Staple.. 6 Bailey .... ............ 7 Bailey................. 8 Bailey ................. 9 Bailey ................ 10 Barnett ............... 11 Barnett............... .... 12 Barnett ............ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 . Peerless Peerless Cook, W. Cook, W. . Cook, W. . Cook, W. Peerless . Peerless . Cook, W. . Cook, W. Peerless A A.. A.. A.. A.. A.. 32.6 1.30 0.020 31.0 .. 34.0.... 32.8 8... 30.0 1.10 0.016 30.7 .. 34.6 .. 32.2 32.1 1.00 0.020 28.8.. 31.6.. 31.4 0 090 34.5 . 32.3.. 1 50 39.6 0.75 33.1 .. 29.1 .. 32.2 0.75 29.4.. 33.7 .... 32.3 .. 30.5 .. 35.9 .. 39.4 0.75 33 1. 28.7.. 30.9 .. 33.7 0.87 30.8 .. 30.2 1.0C 30 5 .. 30.0 0 9C 32.2 .. . 28.3 1.25 33.8 .. 30.6 1.00 27.3 .. 33.3 .. 30.1 0.70 32.1 .. I I. . . . . " I 1.3 13 14 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 09 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 12 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 Bainieh ................. Cherry's Cluster....... Cherry's Cluster....... Cherry's Cluster....... Cook, W. A............ Cook, J. C. ...... Cook, J. C............. Cook, J. C............. Dixon ................... Dixon ................. i ................. Gold dust............. . Gold, dust ............. Gold dust .............. Gold, dust ............. . Hierlong ..... .......... Cook, W. A.. Cook, W. A ... Peerless .. Cook, W. Cook, W. 0.017, 0.017 0.020 0.020 0.020 Peerless .. Cook, W. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Cook., V. A... Peerless .... Cooh, X. A.. Cook, XV. A... Peerless . Peerless .... Cook, W. A. ...... Herlong..... Cook, W. A. . Peerless . Herlong................. Herlong............... Peerless .... Hawkins' Improved . Cook, W. A. . Hawkins' Improved .. Peerless . .. . Hunnicutt........... Cook, W. A.. Hunnicutt ............. Peerless .. Jones' Improved....... Cook, W. A.. Jones' Improved....... Peerless .. Jones' Long Staple. Peerless . Jones' Long Staple. Peerless .. .... Keith ...... ....... Cook, W. A.. Keith......... ....... . Cook, W. A... Keith.. ... ............ Peerless .. King, T. J............. Cook, W. King, T. J....... ..... Peerless .. A.. A.. A.. 35.4 0.75 0.014 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.014 0 020 0.020 0.018 A.. "' 45 Nankin........ ............... . . . . . . " :j o.018 . -. 33 TABLE IY--Continued. 0 0 O CD 0- 0d O o o Fair... Fair ... 0.0200.018 0.018 0.020 Fair... 0.021 0.019 0.018 Fair... cm) Q-i ip ' ' .......... 14.2 .. ........... Fair. Very good. 8.92 11.95 Good .... Fair. Good ...... ....... 11.04 Good . Good............8.42 Fair. ....... Excellent Good.........10.25 Good ..... 10.37 Good 8.10 8.15 Very good Fair. Good .. .Poor...........8.19 Fair..............8.45 Poor.. . Fair. Excellent .... Good ............ Excellent ... 21 5.57 ..... 15.17 14.75 7.59 11.67 9.85 10.24 10.74 . 6.95 Excellent Good. 10.21Good 0.020 ,j 0.022 Fair... Fair... ~1Excellent .... Excellent. 0.020 Fair. ...... Good:.. 3( 0.013 Good... 3( Fair ........ Fair ....... 0.013 0.021 Good... Excellent,. .. 0 018 Fair... Poor...... 0.014 Fair. ....... 0.020 Fair. ...... 0.016 Fair ... Poor.... ... 0.018 0.020 Good ...... Poor....... 0.016 Fair ....... 0.021 Poor... Fair. ...... 0.016 Fair. ....... 0.018 Poor....... 0.017 0.018 Fair ... Poor. ..... 0.020 Excellent .. 0.017 Very good. .. Good... 0.021 Good....... Poor..... 0.018 Good ... 0.020 Good ... 0.020 Very poor.. . Good ... Fair. ... ... 0 020 0.020 Very fair... . Very good .... iFair ....... 0.017 0.020 Very good.... Excellent ... . 0.018 Fair .. Fair. ...... 0.014 . . . . . . . . .. .. V r fir.. 14.57 Excellent 13. 08 Very good Fair. . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair. 10.51 Excellent 13.23 Good..... Good. Good. 11.88 Good.. 12.45 Good.. 10.55 Good... . 8.58 Excellent Good. 9.37 Poor . 9.23 Fair . Fair. 13.04 Fair . . 8.85 4.31 7.89 9.75 7.55 7.12 7.91 13.83 Very poor 13.00 Good. 9.94Fair. 8.42 Fair. 9.04 Poor .. 9.75 Poor. 10.89 Very good 7.86 Good .. 6.16 Very good 6.57 Good.. 10.39 Very good 11.71 Good. 11.05 Fair . 7.08 Excellent 8.89 Good.. 7.72 Good.. 12.79 Good.. 11.28 Fair ...... .6.47Good.... Fair. Fair. Very good Good. Good. Good. Fair. 'Good .Very..fair . 8.88'Go r 34 TABLE JY--Continued. 2 rU Wi cc~ yr U1 Name of Varieties containing male 4 flowers supplying pollen. I C~1T~\ 1 4-4 CJ~ o -- ocd 00 0Ua z 46 47 48 49 50 51 Okra leaf ............ . Peeler . ............. Peeler............. Peeler .............. . Peeler............... Peerless ............ a I\AT 0) i z -i 1 Peerless .. 2.1 2.4 Peerless.. Peerless.... Peerless .. Cook,W A . 23 Oook,W A . ** Cook,W A.. 52 Peerless. *........... 2.5' 58 Peterkin........... Cook,W A.. 'Peerless ... 54 IPeterkin ............. 2.4 55 Petit gulf........... Cook,W A... .. Peerless.... 56 Petit gulf ......... 2.5 Cook,W A ... 57 Rust proof .......... 58 Rust proof......... . Peerless.... 23 59 Rameses........... . Cook,WA... Cook,W A.. 60 iRameses .... ....... 61 Rameses........... . Peerless.... . 62 Storm proof.......... Peerless. 64 65 66 67 68 69 71 72 78 4.4 a>55 4.5 5 ~o 5 4.8 4.8 48 4.5 44 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 25 Sea Island.......... . . Southern hope ...... Southern hope.... . Southern hope...... Truitt............... Truitt ............... .... ... .... ( ..... Peerless........2.6 Dook,W A............ 4.8 Cook,W A....4 Peerless...... Peerless ... 5 ..... .5 .. 2.0 2 8 24... ..... 25 2.5 70 Truitt .............. Truitt .............. 74 75 76 77 78 79 SO 81 82 83 ..... .... Peerless ........ 26 . Cook,W A................... 24 5 21 4.5 . Cook,W A ... Welborn's pet ....... ............. . Peerless........ Welborn's pet ....... 0 Welborn's pet....... . Peerless......................2 5 20 43 Peerless....... 2.5 Wonderful.......... Wonderful.......... . Peerless ........................ ............. Wonderful............ Peerless......... Peerless...................... Wonderful ............ ............... Wonderful.......... . Peerless ........... 2 3 .... .... Wonderful ............ Cook,WA....... .... 5 ... .. 2 3 4 8 Peerless... Zellner ............. .... 2 0 .... Zeilner.............. Peerless........ .... 2 5 Zeilner ............. ,Cook,W A...................... . N 35 TABLE IV-Continued. 0 H . . ni 0 U 0 WD Ni y 0... i c og 4- 4b3 O.0.i Ow S ow cii0 ~ 4--l 0 ~ S .O0 am)d ni 00 toQ c~ I. I .0 bi < 1 I 2O C0 -i 0 -- 4-i a0 C ' ap-,; p a1 OCJ 0 000s 0o 00a a z 4.8 4 31 43 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 4.8 5 4 5.1 . . .4 5 4 f i i 49 4.4 4.8 4.4 42 45 42 41 34 45 37 44 41 39 40 33 41 39 43 43 44 33 33 43 44 32 48 36 37 44 36 35 37 43 35 43 38 33 34 38 34 40 33 42 47 41 2.630 2.784 2.297 2.216 2.252 4.607 1.751 1.941 2.765 5 245. 3.826 4.944 2.499 2.159 4.945. 2.630 5 897 4.216 2.751 2 507 4.276. 3 214 5.340. 5.026 2.706 2.076 4.608.. 2.396 2.417 4.910 1.029 2.460 5.610.. 2.755 1.802 4.129. 5.8028 7 3142.8880 3.237 2 852 4.933 1.857 4.860 6.443 2.322 5 939.. 4.988.. 6 382. 2.023 4 975 5.029 60.6 67 6 60.3 68 2 66.3 70.2 68.9 65.3' 69.9 72.1 69.2 73.9 70 4 65.5 69.7 65.3 62.7 57.1 70.8 65.8 66 6 69.6.. 39.4 32.4 35.2 39.7 31.8 32.7 29.8 31.1 69 3 4 44 4 52 48 5 4 43 4 41 ...5 46 5 4 5.0 . . .5 4 44 4 42 4 . . .4 ...4 5 4 5.0 5 4.3 5 5 51 15 40 33 1i312 42 5 415 33 5 015 29 3 .......... ... 0.658 9 73 4 31.1 2.239~ 188 1 612.. 4 070.. 71 6.. 2 842.. 68 4. 149. 5 439 2.419 2 258 67 6 70 7 32 4 2 35.6.. 68.8.. 5.183.. 2.580.. 68 1.. 5 197.. 2 454 . 68 9. 5 670. 5 193 0.890 1.926 5968 73 1 40 4 2 316.. 5.238.. ,68 5.. 4 123. 1 394. 74.7.. 5 624 2.423 2.320 69 0 71 8 31 4 2 575. 64 7.. 5 010.. 2 660.. 5 344.. 66 8.. 68 6.. 5.397.. . 2 338.. 2 490. 5 154.. 67 4.. 2 118. 68 3. 4 574. 5 349 1 837 1 900 73 8 73 8 26.8 I2.610.. 5.294.. 66 4.. 4 916.. 1 653.. 74 8.. 4 068 6 36 TABLE IV-Continued. no Name, of varieties containing male flowers supplying pollen. 14 AbJ z 1\ \A'r U 1TC 46 Okra leaf......... 47 Peeler ............ 48 Peeler........... 49 Peeler ............ 50 Peeler .... .... ... 51 Peerless..... ..... 52 Peerless..... ..... 53 Peterkin.... ...... 54 Peterkin .... ...... 55 Petit gulf ......... . 56 Petit gulf ......... . 57 Rust proof...... .. 58 Rust proof......... 59 Rameses ...... .. 60 Rameses ...... .... 61 Rameses.... ...... 62 Storm proof........ 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Peerless ....... Peerless ....... Peerless ....... Peerless ....... Cook, W. A. Cook, W. A..' Cook, W. A... Cook, W. A.. Peerless ....... Cook, W. A... Peerless ....... Cook, W. A.. Peerless ....... Cook, W. A.. Cook, W. A.. Peerless 34.7 1.20 0 022 30 1 1.20 0.014 27.9. 30 8.. 26. 1. 29.6 0.87 0.020 34.5. 30.3 42 1.1 1.2 1.4 142 1.3 1.4 1.00 0 020 34.7 .. . 37.3 1.00 0.020 Peerless ....... ....... 0.014 29.2. 34.2 .. 33.4 0.87 0 025 32.9. 30 4. 9-.. 1.1 0.9 0.9 30.7 1 00 0.020 11 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.4 13 11 13 Sea Island....................... Peerless....... Southern hope.. Cook, W. A. Southern hope. Cook, W. A. Southern hope. Peerless....... Truitt ............. Truitt.............Peerless....... Truitt.............Peerless....... Truitt............Cook, W. A. Welborn's pet......Cook, W. A. Welborn's pet.......Peerless....... Welborn's pet....... Peerless....... . Wonderful.........Peerless....... Peerless....... Wonderful ......... Peerless ....... Wonderful ......... Wonderful .... ..... Peerless ....... Wonderful.......Peerless....... Cook, W. A . Wonderful ......... . ... Peerless ...... Zellner ........ Zellner....... ..... Peerless....... . I W. A... ...150 0.017 26 6 1.20 0 018 28 4 .. 31 6. 293 0.90 0 014 31 2.. 31 9. 31.1. 26 9 0.90 31 5 .. I0 014 25 3 .. 25.3 1 35 35 3 .. 33.2 .. 31 4.. 0 018 10 11 11 12 14 12 0.9 1.0 1.2 10 1.2 12 1.2 12 12 14 26.2 0.90 0.020 33 6 .. 32 6.. 31 7 .. 83 Zellner.....-.......,Cook, 25.2 .. 37 TABLE co _O Y- Continued. P4 O -4-Zi 4 0.020 Very fair..Very 0.017 Fair........ Very good... good. .. v 7 12 11.32 Good .... 8 53 10.05 0 017 0.022 0.018 0.020 0 017 0 020 0.022 0 016 0.018 0.020 0.022 0 013 0.018 0.016 0.018 Fair....... 10.97 Good... Good.... 10.06 Very good Very good... . 10.4 11 56 Very good Very good... . Good... Excellent... . 6 52 Very good Fair ....... 7 3~3 9.24 Very good Very good .... 12.46 Excellent Excellent.... 11 96Good... Very good.... Good ...... 13 04 Good... Good ...... Fair....... Very good... . 11 02 7 90 Very good 12.58 Very good Very good .... Fair 13 08 12.12 Fair.. ... Fair 9.67 Very good Very fair. 6.96 Poor .. Poor ........ Very good ... . Very good.... 7.48 9 25 Very good iu Good... 8.43 Fair. Fair. . Fair... Very good Fair ... Very good Fair . Good.... Good ... . Very good Very good ... . 8 51 12.70# 12 10 2(6 05 Good .... 0.011 Very fair ... . Fair... 0 017 8 61 Excellent Excellent........ 0 017 7.26 Good.... Very good....... 0.018 Poor....... Fair........15.16 13 05Fair.. Fair............ 12.63 Fair . 0 022 14 14Very good Excellent....... 0 021 10 78Excellent Excellent........ 0 014 0 013 Good... Poor........7.34 7.03 Poor. 6 86 Fair. Fair............ 0 025 10.75 Excellent Excellent ........ 0 037 8 52 Good .. . Good ........... 0 021 Very fair. Excellent .9.61 12.44 Excellent 0 020 Excellent Excellent ....... . 11 .28 0.022 9.31 Good .... Very good... ... . 0 014 Very good.... . 10.79 Very good 0.017 8.26 Good .... Good ......... 0 018 0 016 Fair....... Fair........12 43 16 12Fair . 9.65 Good.... Good ........... 0 020 Very good....... . 11.56 Very good 0 021 SA gramme is equivolent to 15.4 grains. tiA millimeter is equivalent to 0.03937 of an inch. tResults of cultivation at Auburn. Good... Poor . . Good... Fair. . Good ... . MICRO-PHOTOGRAPH, FIG. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Afifi. Bamieh. Sea Island. Nankin. Bailey. Okra Leaf. These strands were taken at randum from the bolls, but rather indicate the average condition of the fiber in each instance. In the case of the Sea Island and Okra leaf, and the Bailey the character of the twist is excellent. The Afifi and Bamieh are not so well twisted, but the degree of strength to resist rupture compares very favorably with the others. With the exception of Nankin these are long staple cottons. MICRO-PHOTOGRAPH, FIG. 11. The figures in brackets () correspond to those found in first column in table on pages 30-37. 1. Hawkins' improved, original form. 2. Hawkins' improved crossed on W. A. Cook (32). 3. Hawkins' improved crossed on Peerless (33). 4. Hunnicutt, original form. 5. Hunnicutt crossed on W. A. Cook (34). 6. Hunnicutt crossed on Peerless (35). 7. Jones' improved, original form. 8. Jones' improved crossed on W. A. Cook (36). 9. Jones' improved crossed on Peerless (37). 10. Jones' long staple, originalform. 11. Jones' long staple crossed on Peerless (38). 12. Jones' long staple crossed on Peerless (39). 13. Keith, original form. 14. Keith crossed on W. A. Cook (40). 15. Keith crossed on Peerless (42). 16. King, originalform. 17. King crossed on W. A. Cook (43). 18. King crossed on Peerless (44). Some of these strands have been untwisted to show more clearly the comparative widths and degree of maturity. 39 MICRO-PHOTOGRAPH, FIG. 12. These figures in brackets () correspond to those found in first column in table on pages 30-37. 1. Herlong, original. 2. Herlong crossed on W. A. Cook (28). 3. Herlong crossed on Peerless (31). 4. Gold dust, original. 5. Gold dust crossed on W. A. Cook (23). 6. Gold dust crossed on Peerless (26). 7. Dixon, original. 8. Dixon crossed on W. A. Cook (21). 9. Dixon crossed on Peerless (22). 10. Cherry's cluster, original. 11. Cherry's cluster crossed on W. A. Cook (14). 12. Cherry's cluster crossed on Peerless (16). 13. Bailey, original. 14. Bailey crossed on W. A. Cook (7). 15. Bailey crossed on Peerless (8). 16. Allen's long staple, original. 17. Allen's long staple crossed on Peerless (3). 18. Allen's long staple crossed on W. A. Cook (4). MICRO-PHOTOGRAPH, FIG. 13. The figures in brackets () correspond to those found in first column in table on pages 30-37. 1. Southern hope, original. 2. Southern hope crossed on Peerless (65). 3. Southern hope crossed on W. A. Cook (67). 4. Truitt, original. 5. Truitt crossed on Peerless (68). 6. Truitt crossed on W. A. Cook (71). 7. Welborn's pet, original. 8. Welborn's pet crossed on W. A. Cook (72). 9. Welborn's pet crossed on Peerless (73). 10. Wonderful, original. 11. Wonderful crossed on Peerless (77). 12. Wonderful crossed on W. A. Cook (80). 13. Zellner, original. 14. Zellner crossed on Peerless (82). 15. Zellner crossed on W. A. Cook (83). 40 FIG. 14. Size and shapes of boils secured from the plants developed by the crossing experiments: Afifi....................................10 2. Allen's long staple on W. A. . 4 3. Allen's long staple on W. A. 4. Allen's long staple on Peerless...............2 5. Allen's long staple on Peerless...............2 6. Allen's long staple on W. A. Cook...........5 7. Allen's long staple on W. A. Cook...........5 8. Allen's long staple on Peerless...........3 9. Allen's lug staple on Peerless....... .... 3 10. Bailey on W. A. Cook............6 11. Bailey on W. A. Cook...................6 12. Bailey on W. A. Cook................. 7 13. Bailey on W. A. Cook......................7 14. Bailey on W. A. Cook...................7 15. Bailey on Peerless........................8 16. Bailey on Peerless........................8 17. Bailey on Peerless...............9 18. :Bailey on Peerless........... ......... 9 19. Barnett on W. A. Cook...................10 20. Barnett on W. A. Cook.................. 10 21. Barnett on W. A. Cook...................11 22. Barnett on W. A. Cook...................11 23. Barnett on Peerless.......................12 *1. Cook............4 Cook.. 210. 25. 26. 27. Barnett on Peerless........................ 12 Bamieh ............ ............. Bamieh..................... .. .. . . Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook. ....... .............. 13 28. 29. 30. 31. 1 Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook,..............14 Cherry's cluster on Peerless................. 16 Cherry's cluster on Cherry's cluster on .... 13 Peerless...... .......... Peerless.... ............ 16 16 32. 33. 34. 16 Cherry's cluster on Peerless................. Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook.............. 15 35. J. C. Cook Cook 36. J. 37. 'J. C. Cook 38. J. C. Cook 39. J. C. Cook Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook.............. 15 C. on on on on on Peerless................. Peerless ..................... ......... W. A. Cook ......... W. A. Cook...... ............. W. A. Cook................... ...................... 19 19 18 18 17 20 40. Dixon on W. A. Cook 41 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. Dixon on W. A. Cook...................20 Dixon on Peerless....... ................. 22 21 Dixon on W. A. Cook....... ....... Dixon on W. A. Cook.........21 Gold dnst on W. A. Cook..............23 Gold dust on W. A. Cook..................23 Gold dust on Peerless......................26 ............. 26 Gold dust on Peerless,.... on W. A. Cook..................24 Gold 24 Gold dust on W. A. Cook ................ 25 Gold dust on Peerless ..................... Gold dnst on Peerless.....................25 Green fiber boll........................ Green fiber boll........................ Herlong on W. A. Cook...................28 Herlong on W. A. Cook...................28 Herlong on W. A. Cook...................29 Herlong on W. A. Cook...................29 Herlong on Peerless......................30 Herlong on Peerless......................31 Herlong on Peerless................ 31 Hawkins' improved on W. A. Cook..........32 Hawkins' improved on W. A. Cook..........32 Hawkins' improved on W. A. Cook..........32 Hawkins' improved on Peerless.............33 Hawkins' improved on Peerless.............33 Hawkins' improved on Peerless.............33 dust 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. Hnnnicntt on W. A. Cook..... ..... .... ... 34 34 35 36 36 37 37 Hnnnicutt on W. A. Cook ................... Hunnicntt on Peerless..... .............. Jones' improved on W. A. Cook .............. Jones' improved on W. A. Cook.............. Jones' improved on Peerless............. Jones' improved on 75. 76. 77. 78. Jones' long staple on Peerless .............. Jones' long staple on Peerless ........... Jones' long staple on Jones' long staple on Peerless. ................ Peerless.............. 38 .. 38 ... 39 Peerless............... .39 79. 80. ;Jones' long staple on Peerless............... 39 Keith on W. A. Cook..... .................. 40 81. 82. 83. 84. Keith Keith Keith Keith on W. A. Cook ..................... on W. A. Cook ...................... ...... on Peerless .. ................ .............. on Peerless .... 40, 41 42 42 42 85. King on W. A. Cook......................43 86. King on W. A. Cook......................43 87. King on Peerless..........................44 88. Nankin ............... ................ . 89. Nankin................... 90. Okra leaf on Peerless........................ 46 91. Okra leaf on Peerless........... ......... 46 92. Peeler on Peerless......................... 47 93. Peeler on Peerless........ ........... 47 94. Peeler on Peerless ........................ 48 95. Peeler on Peerless.......................48 96. Peeler on W. A. Cook.....................50 97. Peeler on W. A. Cook.................... 50 98. Peeler on Peerless ......................... 49 99. Peeler on Peerless.......................49 100. Peerless on W. A. Cook ..................... 51 101. Peerless on W. A. Cook................... 52 102. Peerless on W. A. Cook...................52 103. Peterkin on W. A. Cook................... 53 104. Peterkin on W. A. Cook...................53 105. Peterkin on Peerless.......................54 106. Peterkin on Peerless.....................54 107. Petit gulf on W. A. Cook................... 55 108. Petit gulf on W. A. Cook.................. 55 109. Petit gulf on Peerless ....... .... ....... 56 11 . Rust proof on W. A. Cook.................57 111. Rust proof on W. A. Cook .................. 57 112. Rust proof on Peerless. ..................... 58 113. Rust proof on Peerless..................... 58 114. Rameses on W. A. Cook................... 59 115. Rameses on W. A. Cook ................... 59 116. Rameses on Peerless ..................... 61 117. Storm proof on Peerless .................... 62 118. Storm proof on Peerless .................... 62 119. "Scrub" on Peerless....................... 120. "Scrub" on Peerless......................... 121. Sea Island.............................. 64 122. Sea Island.............................. 64 123. Southern hope on Peerless ................ .65 124. Southern hope on Peerless.................. 66 125. Southern hope on Peerless.................. 66 126. Southern hope on W. A. Cook............... 67 127. Southern hope on W. A. Cook ............... 67 128. Truitt on Peerless....................... 68 43 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 0 Truitt on Peerless........................68 Truitt on W. A. Cook.................... Truitt on W. A. Cook................... Truitt on Peerless.........................69 Truitt on Peerless........................69 Truitt on Peerless.......................70 Truitt on Peerless........................70 Welborn's pet on W. A. Cook.....72 Welborn's pet on W. A. Cook...............72 Welborn's pet on Peerless..................73 Welborn's pet on Peerless..................73 Wonderful on Peerless....................75 Wonderful on Peerless....................75 Wonderful on W. A. Cook...................80 Wonderful on W. A. Cook...................80 Wonderful on Peerless....................76 Wonderful on Peerless....................76 Wonderful on Peerless....................79 Wonderful on Peerless....................79 Wonderful on Peerless....................78 Wonderful on Peerless....................78 Wonderful on Peerless.............77 Wonderful on Peerless....................77 Wonderful on Peerless.......77 Zeliner on Peerless.......................81 Zellner on Peerless.......................81 Zellner on W. A. Cook.....................83 83 Zellner on W. A. Cook ..................... ........... 82 Zeilner on Peerless .... ........ 82 Zellner on Peerless ........................ *Numbers found on the plate. Numbers found on the table, pages 30-37, first column. PLATE 15. protruding in a condition to be Open bolls with the picked for the gin. These bolls show distinctly the im-~ provement resulting from crossing. In most instances the size has been perceptibly increased. The numbers over each boll correspond to those in column one in table on pages 30-37. 1. Afifi. 2. Allen's long staple on Peerless. fiber 44 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Allen's long staple on Peerless. Allen's long staple on W. A. Cook. Allen's long staple on W. A. Cook. Bailey on W. A. Cook. Bailey on W. A. Cook. Bailey on Peerless. Bailey on Peerless. Barnett on W. A. Cook. Barnett on W. A. Cook. Barnett on Peerless. Bamieh. Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook. Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook. Cherry's cluster on Peerless. J. C. Cook on W. A. Cook. J. C. Cook on W. A. Cook. J. C. Cook on Peerless. Dixon on W. A. Cook. Dixon on W. A. Cook. Dixon on Peerless. Gold dust on W. A. Cook. Gold dust on W. A. Cook. Gold dust on Peerless. Gold dust on Peerless. Green fiber. Herlong) on W. A. Cook. Herlong on W. A. Cook. Herlong on Peerless. Herlong on Peerless. Hawkins' improved on W. A. Cook. Hawkins' improved on Peerless. Hunnicutt on W. A. Cook. Hunnicutt on Peerless. Jones' improved on W. A. Cook. Jones' improved on Peerless. Jones' long staple on Peerless. Jones' long staple on Peerless. Keith on W. A. Cook. Keith on W. A. Cook. Keith on Peerless. King on W. A. Cook. King on Peerless. Nankin. Okra leaf on Peerless. Peeler on Peerless. 45 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. Peeler on Peerless. Peeler on Peerless. Peeler on W. A. Cook. Peerless on W. A. Cook. Peerless on W. A. Cook. Peterkin on W. A. Cook. Peterkin on Peerless. Petit gulf on W. A. Cook. Petit gulf on Peerless. Rust proof on W. A. Cook. Rust proof on Peerless. Rameses on W. A. Cook. Rameses on W. A. Cook. Rameses on Peerless. Storm proof on Peerless. "Scrub" on Peerless. Sea Island. Southern hope on Peerless. Southern hope on W. A. Cook. Southern hope on W. A. Cook. Truitt on Peerless. Truitt on Peerless. Truitt on Peerless. Truitt on W. A. Cook. Welborn's pet on W. A. Cook. Welborn's pet on Peerless. Welborn's pet on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on W. A. Cook. Zellner on Peerless. Zellner on Peerless. Zellner on W. A. Cook. PLATE 16. This plate represents a seed from each boll with its fiber adhering, but spread out so as to exhibit the relative length of each specimen. The figures correspond to those found in table on pages 30-37, first column: 1. Afifi. 2. Allen's long staple on Peerless. 46 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Allen's long staple on Peerless. Allen's long staple on W. A. Cook. Allen's long staple on W. A. Cook. Bailey on W. A. Cook. Bailey on W. A. Cook. Bailey on Peerless. Bailey on Peerless. Barnett on W. A. Cook. Barnett on W. A. Cook. Barnett on Peerless. Bamieh. Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook. Cherry's cluster on W. A. Cook. Cherry's cluster on Peerless. J. C. Cook on W. A. Cook. J. C. Cook on W. A. Cook. J. C. Cook on Peerless. Dixon on W. A. Cook. Dixon on W. A. Cook. Dixon on Peerless. Gold dust on W. A. Cook. Gold dust on W. A. Cook. Gold dust on Peerless. Gold dust on Peerless. Green fiber. Herlong on W. A. Cook. Herlong on W. A. Cook. Herlong on Peerless. Herlong on Peerless. Hawkins' improved on W. A. Cook. Hawkins' improved on Peerless. Hunnicutt on W. A. Cook. Hunnicutt on Peerless. Jones' improved on W. A. Cook. Jones' improved on Peerless. Jones' long staple on Peerless. Jones' long staple on Peerless. Keith on W. A. Cook. Keith on W. A. Cook. Keith on Peerless. King on W. A. Cook. King on Peerless. Nankin. Okra leaf on Peerless. Peeler on Peerless. 47 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 5'1. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. Peeler on Peerless. Peeler on Peerless. Peeler on W. A. Cook. Peerless on W. A. Cook. Peerless on W. A. Cook. Peterkin on W. A. Cook. Peterkin on Peerless. Petit gulf on W. A. Cook. Petit gulf on Peerless. Rust proof on W. A. Cook. Rust proof on Peerless. Rameses on W. A. Cook. Rameses on W. A. Cook. Rameses on Peerless. Storm proof on Peerless. "Scrub" on Peerless. Sea Island. Southern hope on Peerless. Southern hope on W. A. Cook. Southern hope on W. A. Cook. Truitt on Peerless. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. Truitt on Peerless. Truitt on Peerless. Truitt on Peerless. Welborn's pet on W. A. Cook. Welborn's pet on Peerless. Welborn's pet on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on Peerless. Wonderful on W. A. Cook. Zellner on Peerless. Zellner on Peerless. Zellner on W. A. Cook. W. A. Cook. Peerless. _...®/ -. lIr i . I /' ! /O - /X~ Co. m' w gi-q -I + -~ - - /'L q , 2 -0 XyI6IF 9 v~9,* at O+9 f 0 iP9#0 ovv 4*i P qtw 9~@*, *4$,4 Otte* \ V,, - s P s3