BULLETIN NO, 145 FEBRUARY, 1909 ALABAMA. Agricultural Experiment Station OF THE Alabama Polytechnic Institute AUBURN. Local Fertilizer Experiments With Cotton y . and.1898 IN 1 9 0 5, 1 06 , 9 1 97 B J. F. DUGGAR, Director. Opelika, Ala.: The Post Publishing Company, 1909 COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES HON. H. HON. L. MARTIN.....................................Ozark ON EXPERIMENT STATION. TANCRED BETTS. ............................... .................................... Huntsville Anniston HON. A. W. BELL.. STATION COUNCIL. t. C.I 'HACH......................................President Director and Agriculturist Chemist and State J. F. DUGGAR...................... B. B. Ross. C. A. CARY ........ ....................... Chemist Botanist Veterinarian and Director Farmer's Institutes F. E. LLOYD .............................................. R. J. S. MACKINTOSH.. .............................. Horticulturist Soil and Crop T. ANDERSON...........Chemist, Investigation Industry D. T. GRAY...............................Animal W. E. HINDS........................................Entomologist C. L. HARE .................. ........................... ... .... Chemist A. McB RANSOM. Associate Chemist ASSISTANTS. T. BRAGG.................. ...... ....... First Assistant Chemist Assistant in Agriculture L. N. DUNCAN.......................... E. F. CAUTHEN............... Farm Superintendent . ... ... and Recorder J. W. RIDGEWAY ..... BELL... .. .. .. Assistant in Animal Industry Assistant in :;Horticulture Assistant Chemist P. F. WILLIAMS....................... N. E. ....... e.............Second I S. MCADORY................... Assistant in Veterinary Science Assistant in Entomology Assistant in Bacteriology W. F. TURNER......................... L. A. CASE.................... 0. H. SELLERS................... ......... Stenographer and Mailing Clerk LOCAL FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON IN 1905, 1906, 1907, AND 1908. BY J. F. l)UGGAR. For a number of years this Station has conducted numerous local fertilizer experiments, furnishing material and instructions. to farmers agreeing'to make the tests. The number of local fertilizer experiments with cotton, In 1905, ten; which reports were received, was as in 1906, thirteer ; in 1907, ten; and in 1908, twenty-two. This does not include a number of experiments begun and not successfully completed. In all of these years fertilizer experiments were also made on corn and other crops, the results of which will be published later. The chief object of these local fertilizer experiments or soil tests has been to ascertain the best fertilizer or nation of fertilizers for cotton, growing on each of the principal soils of Alabama. Small lots of carefully weighed and mixed fertilizers were. supplied to each experimenter. Detailed instructions as to how to conduct the experiments and blank forms for ing results, were also furnished. The following list gives the name and address of each experimen- follows: of combi- report- ter who has reported the results of fertilizer experiments made under our direction during the past four years, with page of thin bulletin where the results may be found. COUNTY. Autauga Barbour ... Blount .... .Tidnmore . .Prattville..J. POST OFFICE NAME. DATE PAGE 49-52' 69 .39-42 Louisville..J. Fredonia .E. 1908.......78, B Haynes ... Bullock.... .Union Spr'gs Bullock ... Three Notch.. A. M. Cope....1906........ Bullock Chilton F. R. W. Young....1905-6.......... D. Veal..........1906......... 1905.......... Jno. W. Staab ... ...Suspension .. .. 68-69' 78, .0. . M. Hill.......... 1906............ Chambers .... W. Smartt... Caffey ..... H. 1905............ 78" 47-49 39-42 Verbena..... G. H. 907-8.........49-50, Chilton Conecuh Cullman .... .Verben a...J. Betts......... H. Willoughhy .. 1905-6-8 ... ...Cullmnan,.... Betts. ....... 1905-6-7...75-76 1906........... Cullman ... L. A Fealy ....... Joppa......... 0. G. Roberts.. .. 1906-7-8........ 39.40 Fayette. .. .Newtonville Franklin . Russellville Greene -... Geneva.... Geneva...M Eutaw .... . .. ...'P. W. . .J. B. Gibson ... P. Metcalf WV. 1906-7-8. . . ...-. .45.47, 78 29-30 J. Willis........1905-6.......... 1905 ... 1908............ ....... .... 69-70 48 Morgan Henry ..... Heaidland..W. F. Covington Henry..Columiia .. T. Z. Atkeson...1908....... . 1907-8.......... 73 71-73 26 DATE PAGE NAME A. Parish... 1905-6.........30-31 J. W. Haddock. 1907-8. F. T. Nealy.......1905............35 Lawrence. .Hillsboro...... .......... 59 Lee....... Auburn ....... Ala. Expt. Station.. Jno Jackson.... 1908..........57-58 Lee........ Auburn Lee.... ... Bee Hive......T. W. Cox.........1905-6..........58 1905..........61-64 Macon .... Notasulga .... S. C. Jackson. 1906..........61-65 Macon .... Shorter ...... Y. Swearington. 66 Hill .. Robt. Floyd ....... 1806-7....... Macon......Hurtsboro .. .. A. . Floyd ........ 1908...........66 1905.......33-35 Madison ... Huntsville....H. D. N. Wales COUNTY POST OFFICE LauderdaleFlorence ...... LauderdaleFlorence .'.. . W. 30-32 ....... 1905-6 Macon...,.Society Marion .... Marengo... Faundsdale... W. C. McNight ..... 1905..........53-54 Hamilton.... 6th Dist. Agr. School.1906..........39-42 . 35-36 Morgan ... Hartselle.... .J. 0. Burleson...1107-8.. 190-7...........54 Montgom'ry Montgomery. J. M. Jones ........ Montgomry Montgomery . . T. M. Oliver.. 1905.78 W. C. Naftel... Montgom'ryNaftel ........ 1906...........78 D. W. Davis... Gordon ... Pickens 1907............59 Tallapoosa Notasulga.... M. E. Parker .. ... 6163 1907 Tallapoosa Notasulga .... lE. B. Jackson.. 1907..........61-62 Tallap osa Notasulga ... J. W. Parker .. Walker.. .. Cordova.......J. 1907.......5256 L. Alexander .... 1908..........39-44 Winston .. .Nauvoo..... W. M Omary. 1908..........39-43 The directions stated that land employed for this test should be and uniform, not manured in recent years, not in cowpeas the bareceding year, and that it should be' representative of 'arge soil areas in its vicinity. The need of perfect uniformity of standard treatment for all plots (except as to kind of fertilizer used) was emphasized. Fertilizers were applied in the usual manner-that is, drilled before planting. level THE RAINFALL. The following data are taken from the records of the Alabama section of the Weather Bureau, and show the average rainfall for the state : 1905 INCHES RAINFALL. 1907 1908 1906 4.66 2.20 4.28 ... January ................. February .... 5.26 ....... 7.24 2.39 9.26 1.03 4.63 5.04 2.94 6.26 7.94 2.85 5.00 3.50 5.50 1.44 6.15 6 01 6.30 4.7°7 .584 5.34 2.75 4.72 3.44 2.42 1.76 1.52 5.02 48.16 3.70 March ................... 3.69 April ..................... 5.51 May........... ..... ...... 4.56 ........... June........... . .4.56 . July... 5.30 August .................... Septemb~er................ 2.51 4.39 October................... .178 November............ 6.46 December.............. Average........55 Average yearly normal 38 ... ... ... ... .. ... .. 3.45 8.50 3.78 8.44 3 54 2.50 4.19 ... ... . ... . 56 56 54.66 .................... 51 27 THE FERTILIZERS USED. The following prices are used, as representing approximately the average cash price in local markets during the last few years: Acid phosphate (14 per cent. available) Cotton seed meal ----------------------- 25.00 Kainit--------------------------------1.00 _,$14.00 Per Ton. Prices naturally vary in different localities. Any one can substitute the cost of fertilizers in his locality for the price given above. In each experiment two plots were left unfertilized, these being plots 3 and 8. When these yields differed widely the experiment was classed as inconclusive. The increase on plots 4 to 7 is calculated on the assumption that the graduation in fertility is uniform from plot 3 to plot 8. The following table shows what kinds and amounts of fertilizers were used on certain plots; the number of pounds of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash supplied per acre by each fertilizer mixture; and the percentage composition and cost per ton of each mixture, the latter being given in order that these mixtures may be readily compared with various brands of prepared guanos. PRICE ASSUMED FOR SEED COTTON. The price assumed is $14.00 per ton for seed, and 10 cents per pound for lint, a price found by averaging prices of 9, 11, 11, and 9 cents per pound respectively, for the crops of 1904, '5, '6, '7, and '8. This is equal to 3.8 cents per pound of seed cotton tui'ning out 33 T per cent. of lint. Deductcents per pound as the average cost of picking and ing ginning, and we have left 3.2 cents as the net value per pound of the increase of seed cotton due to fertilizers. This latter is the figure used in all financial calculations. 28 Pounds per acre of fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and 2L11 potash used and composition of each mixture. FERTILILERS MIXTURE V 1 Al1V I COST OF FERTIL: T7 IZERSC~~ U o KIND O c Ct O MS., I) S.. L 1 Lbs. 200 2 240 4 ... 5 i 6 In 100 lbs. c. s. meal.~ 6.79 Acid phospha+e ........ ...... 3 6.12..... In 100 lbs. acid phos. ..... 1 24.60 ................ 200 In 100 lbs. kainit. .... .... 12.30 200 Cotton seed meal 1.88 3.54 240 Acid phosphate.. In 100 lbs above inixl. 3.09 .80 9.52 200 Cotton seed meal 13.58 5.7i628.14 ............. 200 In 100 lbs. above mixl. 3.39 1.44' 7.03 240 Acid phosphate.. .. ...... ............... 200 Cotton Lbs.L seed meal..;13.58 Lbs. Tbs. 5.76 3.54l 2.88 1.77f $25 .00$2.50. 14.00 1.68 15.00 1 .50 Kainit ...... ..... .. 18.99 4.28 I Kainit Kainit In 19.5 14.45 4.00 3.18 i, -jo I i 5 Average able. 200 240 Acid phosphate..... 13.58 4 1.88 28.14 200 K ainit ........... 2.12 6.54 4.39 In 100 lbs above mi.' 200 Cotton seed meal .. 240 Acid phosphate 13.58 4'1.88 15.84 100 Kainit ........... 7.75 2.93 2.59 In 100 lbs above mixl. 100 lbs. above mtx Cotton seed meal .... . .. 8.21 5.59 17.81 5.68 111.. .... 18.24 5.93 of many Counting all the phosphoric acid in cotton seed meal as avail- analsis. Those. farmers who are more accustomed to the word ammonia than to the term nitrogen, can change the figures for nitrogen into their ammonia equivalents by multiplying by 1/14 29 NORTH-WEST OF RUSSELLVILLE. FRANKLIN COUNTY, 5 T. J. WILLIS, 1905-6, (See Table, p. 30.) .Dark gray sandy soil, with light colored clay subsoil. These tests were made on a hilltop which had been in cultivation about 10 years. The forest growth was hardwoods. It is evident that this soil responded freely to every fertilizer, whether applied singly, by twos, or all three together. In both years a complete fertilizer (plots 9 or 10) was the most profitable application, closely followed in yield and profit by a mixture of acid phosphate and cotton seed meal. On 'plot 9 the complete fertilizer increased the yield by 1000 and by 792 pounds of seed cotton. After deducting the cost of the fertilizer (p 29) this left profits of $26.32 and $19.66 per acre. Phosphate was most effective, cotton seed meal next, and kainit least, but still useful. 1905 1906 Lbs. Lbs Average yield of seed cotton, unfertilized............352 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot............................192 To acid phosphate plot...............72 To kainit plot.................................204 To .acid phosphate and kainit plot.................167 Average increase with cotton seed meal............ 184 MILES added: 376 24 120 144 176 116 Increase of seed cotton per. acre when acid phosphate- was added: 456 To unfertilized plot...............664 552 644 To cotton seed meal plot....................... . ........ To kainit plot ............... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot............... ..... 739 702 600 632 Average increase with acid phosphate...............687 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot ~ ......... To cotton seed meal plot To acid phosphate. plot............................ 560 ................. added: 94 106 169 16 136 160 ........ To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot........ 164 Average increase with kainit........... 133 216 132 Experiment at Rasseilvirre (Franklin Co.) and near Florence (Lauderdale FERTILIZER C) Co.) 1905-6-7-8 T. J. WILLIS T. J. WILUIS J. W. PARISH W. A. PARISH J. W. HADDOCK J. W, HADDOCK Russellville Russellville Florence Florence Florence Florence 1905 1906 1905 1906 1907 1908 a) o 0 a))o .. C o0 0C) P )ov a) O oa) 0 a) a)r KIND 0 '-4H Rv o ro0 UC) o0 0 s-C C -0 s) .ro0 V0 s-)~ H b0 s " C 0 o U s-a H F% Lbs 1 2 3 Lbs.'1 Lbs 432 3237 1184 656 1200 Lbs 192 664 94 836 298 833 Lbs 400 832 392 952 536 992 Lbs 24 456 200 Cotton seed meal . 520 240 Acid phosphate..992 200Kainit ............... Nofriie.... sed 200Kainit .. 608 664 Lbs 336 392 308 857 6061 539 Lbs. 408 368 352 608 320 456 Lbs, 232 192 179 438 Lbs 672 1032 1424 1840 1256 Lbs 72 432 848 18 728 Lbs. 910 650 800 50 1010 710 Lbs. 460 200 340 18 530 220 .1660404 08 16 ea. 576 -160 616 1184 960920 6200 Cotton seed meal ..... 7hopha 8 92 . .. 20 ainit..... 0 No tfeo t ihiezep . m. e. .. ..... . . 13 66 A C i rp ls d a a r . 37 1293 153 ............ . .. 1 768 . . 764 0 0 3 6. . 1000 116 72 . 0.. 816 . . . . .85 . . 1 6 043 . 408 544 368 41 4 8082 . . . . . 81. . 50 0.20 0 . .. 06 8128 372 110 0 460 200 90 240 Acid 200 Kainit..........1 Cotton seed meal.. phosphate ... 16 31 LAUDERDALE COUNTY, 10 MILES WEST OF FLORENCE. W. A. PARISH, 1905-6. (See Table, p. 30.) In 1905 stiff light gray soil with red subsoil; in 1906 darker soil, with red clay subsoil. Both fields had been cleared for 30 or 40 years. The original forest trees are said to have been post oak, red oak, black oak, and hickory. Every fertilizer considerably in-. creased the yield in both years. In both years the largest increase, 857 pounds and 438 pounds of seed cotton respectively, was afforded by plot 5, fertilized with a mixture of cotton seed meal and phosphate. This represents a net profit of $23.14 and $9.73 per acre. In 1904 a test made bv Mr. Parish on gray soil with reddish subsoil showed an average increase attributable to cotton seed meal of 249 pounds of seed cotton per acre; an increase deu to acid phosphate of 584 pounds; and an increase due to kainit of 212 pounds of seed cotton. This indicated a need for the complete fertilizer, while the later tests gave good results without kainit. It seems that this soil needs chiefly phosphoric acid, but that this should usually be supplemented by nitrogen. The soil on which both Mr. Parish and Mr. Haddock made their experiments was that known locally as "The Barrens," and described in soil survey reports as "Clarksville Silt Loam." 1904 1905 1906 Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized..452 340 168 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot ............................ 284 336 232 To acid phosphate plot ......................... 269 465 246 To kainit plot ................... ............... 237 298 - 26 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ................. 208-131 91 Average increase with cotton seed meal .......... 249 242 138 32 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: 696 392 192 To unfertilized plot .......................... 681 521 206 To cotton seed meal plot ...................... 231 114 To kainit plot...............................494 465-198 231 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ................ Average increase with acid phosphate ............ 584 236 188 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: 308 179 To unfertilized plot.........................334 270 -- 79 To cotton seed meal plot...................287 132 147 101 To acid phosphate plot ........................ -54 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot......71-449 Average increase with kainit...................212 09 37 LAUDERDALE COUNTY, 10 MILES WEST OF FLORENCE. J. W. HADDOCK, 1907-8. (See Table, p. 30.) Gray soil, with red subsoil. This field had been cleared about 40 years, and was of the same character as soil used in Mr. Parish's experiment. The stand was uniform. The results both years agree with Mr. Parish's experiments in showing that the most effective fertilizer was a mixture of acid phosphate and cotton seed meal, the phosphate being more important. It is curious and 'inexplicable that kainit when applied alone gave a large increase, but when combined with either or both of the other fertilizers it gave little or no increase. These tests, though presenting some figures that cannot be understood, confirmed the conclusions drawn from Mr. Parish's tests, namely, that acid phosphate is most important, that it should be supplemented by cotton seed meal, and that potash is generally unnecessary. 33 1907 1908 Lbs. Lbs. 540 475 460 880 120 190 Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized. Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot...............................72 To acid phosphate plot............................856 To kainit plote ................................To acid phosphate and kainit plot......................380 added: Average increase with cotton seed neal...............269 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot..............................432 To cotton seed meal plot............................121 To kainit plot......................................-120 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot...................0 Average increase with acid phosphate.................576 478 added: 200 620 0 70 193 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot...............................848 340 To cotton seed meal plot ............... 656 70 To acid phosphate plot ............................. 20 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate............-560-600 A verage increase with kainit...................... 5 MILES WEST added: 315 -43 OF HUNTSVILLE. MADISON COUNTY, HI. D. N. WALES, 1905. (See Table, p. 35.) Red soil, with red subsoil. This worn red lime soil responded freely only to applications of cotton seed meal. Other tests made in Madison County indicate a general need on snch soils for both nitrogen and phospahte. Results from potash have been variable, the majority of the tests showing that little or no potash is needed. 34 Lbs. 376 144 96 144 128 Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized .......... Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot ................................... To acid phosphate plot ................................. To kainit plot ....................................... Average increase with cotton seed meal ..................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot ................................... 88 To cotton seed meal plot ............................... 40 32 To kainit plot ...........................................Average increase with acid phosphate ....................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot .................................. cotton seed meal plot ............................... 24 1o 72 72 48 24 To acid phosphate plot ...............................Average increase with kainit ................................ 35 Experiments in, Madison, Lawrence and Morgan Counties. HUNTSHILLS]0R0 HARTSELLS HARTSELLE FEIRTI.IERLE V Q. __ _ W I Red land I Gray land 41 O N 4-J O /1s +j O ONW 4_ o KIND .e 0 u1~~~~n O a 0~~.r o~ 0~o~0 :Z 0~C3to) : 0 ) 1 2 3 4 :i2001 Lbs Lbs. 520 200 Cotton seed meal ..... 464 240 Acid phosphate ...... ... No fertilizer..........376 448 t .............. 200 560 205 oto se1ma Kaini Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs .Lbs. 780 210 48 798 144,272 88 40'776!120 1140 370 6 .... 264 2 112 Cotton seed meal ... 0 94 680 744 72 100 1210 184, 496 265 14 247 21 240 Acid phosphate .... 744 126 672 6{ 2101 Cotton seed meal1> Acid phospate 592 216 4410727 416 .. 8 0 5 9 7j240 8 i....j 40 462962 20...64...40.. 7 5 4 No fertilizer .......... 37( . 9 10 200 Cotton seed meal 240 Acid phosphate.,. 200 Cotton seed meal ... 200 Kainit........... 2001 Cotton seed meal 1 5 240 Acid phosphate 100 Kainit........... . 616 376 752 128 10101520 LAWRENCE F. T. COUNTY, 1 MILE EAST 0OFIILLSBORO. NEALY., 1905. (See Table -above.) Gray sandy loam soil, with yellow subs oil. This field had been cleared about 70 years of its growth of hardwoods. It-had grown up in weeds during the four years preceding this experiment. Rains were almost con-~ tinuous throughout the season, making cultivation almost impossible. Under these unfavorable conditions a complete, fertilizer was the most effective and profitable. 36 Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized.........232 Increase seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot....................................48 To acid phosphate plot.................................225 To kainit plot.........................................161 To acid phosphate and kainit plot........................285 -of added: Average increase with cotton seed meal...................180 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phoshate was To unfertilized plot...................................40 To cotton seed meal plot...............................217 To kainit plot........................................198 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot......................314 added: Average increase with acid phosphate.....................192 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot....................................21 To cotton seed meal plot...............................142 To acid phosphate plot................................179 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot...............239 Average increase with kainit............................145 MORGAN COUNTY, 4 MILES WEST OF HARTSELLE. J. 0. BURLESON, 1907-8. added: (See Table, p. 35.) In 1907, soil, red, lime table lan;&Sbsoil, red. The original growth was hickory, remnoved about 80 years before. The soil was the ordinary lime soil of the Tennessee Valley Region. A complete fertilizer afforded the largest yield. Apparently the greatest need was for nitrogen. In 1908, typical sandy mountain land, dark gray soil with red subsoil. The original growth was shortleaf pine and hardwoods, and the land had been in cultivation about 10 years. The largest increase was afforded by a mixture of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate. The chemical chiefly needed by this soil was acid phosphate. 37 Average yield of seed cotton per arre, unfertilized. Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot :... ............................ To acid phosphate plot............................-20 To kainit plot..................................-20.-20 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.....................239 Average increase with cotton seed meal...............78 en Increase of seed cotton per acre wiL acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot...............................120 To cotton seed meal plot...........................-12.462 To kainit plot....................................93 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot...................166 Average increase with acid phosphate................45 added: Lbs. Lbs. 640 530 112 210 402 230 206 added: 370 268 230 333 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot...............................94 To cotton seed meal plot ........................... To acid phosphate plot..........................-119 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot........140 Average increase with kainit.........................19 addcd: 38 126 140 -92 21 50 CULLMAN COUNTY, 2 MILES SOUTH WEST OF JOPPA. 0. G. ROBERTS, 1906-7-8. (See Table, p. 39.) Gray sandy upland with yellow clay subsoil. The original growth was short leaf pines and hardwoods, characteristic of the Mountain Plateau Region. This field had been cleared for about 24 years. In all three years the largest profit was made on plot 5 using tests by a mixtnre of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate. In every case there was no advantage in adding kainit to the ether two chemicals. This inefficiency of potash in these plete is fnrther borne ont by the fact that, of the two fertilizers, the one with the smaller amount of potash conm- each year afforded the larger yield. with the resnits of Mr. Burleson's tests on similar gray pla- These resnlts also agree teau soil. 1906. 1907. 1908. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre unfertilized .. 248 360 312 Increase in seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot ......................... 200 22 144 To acid phosphate plot ........................ 174 218 132 To kainit plot ............................... 190 58 166 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ...............17 43 164 Average increase with cotton seed meal ........... 137 85 152 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot .......................... 288. 174 292 To cotton seed meal plot ...................... 262 370 280 To kainit plot ............................... 342 121 112 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot .............. 135 114 110 Average increase with acid phosphate ............ 257 195 199 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot ........................... 75 182 156 To cotton seed meal plot ......................... 65 210 178 To acid phosphate plot ........................... 129 129 -24 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ..... -62 -46 8 Average increase with kainit .................... 52 119 80 Fertilizer Experiments in Blount, Cul/man, Marion, Winston and Walker Counties. FERTILIZER i JOPPA JOPPA 1906 N N-C a). 1907 C JOPPA 11908 4) a-. a) Ca) C TIDMORE CULLMAN HAM ILTO N NA UVOO CORDOVA 1905 a) v c C 1906 C 1906 a) 1908 I 1908 C a) 4) a. ia ¢ )..c O D.C a)v Ca) a)..-. a',A a) a.) 1-4 N a)7. Lb. a)s. a) s, ON a) l 0 C. KIND 0, a)¢ -4a) . I 4 ) . 0)4. ,-0 I I T 'f T 7 1 T 1 I Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.l Lbs. -Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.j 200 Cotton seed meal... 416 200' 4381 22 472' 144. [568]_ [372] 54 80 276 588 292 504 288' 590 240 Acid phosphate .... 392 196 328 ... . 416, .... .216 .... No fertilizer ....... 7'0 553 264 476 ) 56 3041 75' 576! 200 664 462 764, 392' 200 Cotton seed meal " 380 188{ 9034 5 S240 Acid phosphate .." 322 520 2651 582' 232 Cotnsedma. 376 6r 200 186 832 200 Kainit...........J 240 Acid phosphate." 417' 630 564 268 220 33 800 7 200 Kainit...... 184 512 304 .... 288 2801 .... No fertilizer...... 8 .... Cotton seed meal 188 872 680 4001 650!3450' 720; 432 372 240 Acid phosphate . 9 200 .. .. . fibs. i -L- I 1 r 1 T 7 T '/ L bs. T 1 r Kainit............ 174 620, 182 626 152 196 288 310 Lbs. 10~ 736 424 ..... 136 [464] 368 312 256 312 632 456 544 288 592 324 595 400 480 790 605 550 395 820 Lbs.1 Lbs. Lbs. 90 1460 320 195 1560 420 1140.. 81 1270 120 392 1500 340 208 154 1630 1190 425 465 1560 1800 370 610 450 c3 a 1 1 648 303, 1 f200 i 360 400 10 [ 200 Kant......Cotton seed meal. 240 Acid phosphate..100 Kainit .......... 720 440; 684 380! 726 438 352 168 912' 528 240 860 40 B3LOUNT COUNTY, 2 JOHN MILES NORTH OF TIDnIoaIE. (See Table, p. Y. STAAB, 1905. 39.) lulatto, fine sandy loamrn, with reddish yellow subsoil. rainfall was heavy. Apparently plot 1 was on richer land than the other plots. The chief need was for nitrogen. Phosphate and kainit were of little value. On the other hand, in a similar'experiment made by Mr. Staab the preceding year on apparently the same ter of land, the increase in yield of seed cotton per acre averaged for cotton seed meal 215 pounds, for acid phosphate 282 ponnds, and for kainit 77 pounds. Mhe charac- Average yield of seed cotton, Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was ............... To unfertilized plot................... To acid phosphate plot.................................108 To kainit plot........................................116 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.......................155 Average increase with cotton seed meal..................126 unfertilized.................190 added: Lbs. To unfertilized plot ..................................... To cotton seed meal plot..........................:..... Increase of seed cotton per acre when arcid phosphate was addedI: 80 To kainit plot ............ .. Average increase with acid .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . -37 2 15 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot, ..................... phosphate .............. Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was ........ To unfertilized plot............................ To cotton seed meal plot . ............................. To acid phosphate plot ..................................To cotton seed meal and acid phosphaite plot ................ Average increase with kainit...............8 added: 70 . 47 00 41 CULLMAN COUNTY, 1 MILE SOUTH OF CULLMAN. L. A. FEALY, 1906. (See Table, p. 39.) loam subsoil. Gray sandy loam, with yellow On this upland field, long in cultivation, a mixture of acid phosphate and cotton seed meal gave the largest yield; but this result may have been due to the fact that this plot occupied the lowest position in the field. On this account it is impossible to determine whether potash was needed on this soil. In 1904 on similar land Mr. Fealy made a test in which the average increase from cotton seed meal was 180 pounds, from acid phosphate 176 pounds, and from kainit 98 pounds. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton, unfertilized .................... 452 Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot .................................... 152 To acid phosphate plot ........................... 268 To kainit plot........................................232 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ........................ 48 Average increase with cotton seed meal .................... 175 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: 196 To unfertilized plot .................................... 312 To cotton seed meal plot ............................... ................ 176 To kainit plot ...................... 8 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot .......................Average increase with acid phosphate ....................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: .............. To unfertilized plot ..................... To cotton seed meal plot ................................. To acid phosphate jlot ............................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ............... Average increase with kainit ............................ 169 136 216 116 -104 91 42 MARION COUNTY, HAMILTOON. .SIXTH DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, 1906. (Table, p. 39.) S~andy land with yellow clay subsoil. For 3 or 4 years preceeding the experiment this land had been uncultivated and occupied by weeds. The largest and1 most profitable yield was afforded by plo-t 5, fertilized with cotton seed meal and acid phosphate. A test made on the same farm in 1903 (Ala. Station Bul letin No. 131) showed a need for a complete fertilizer, in -which, however, potash was less effective than either or phosphate. gen nitro- Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized.........272 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot.....................................32 To acid phosphate plot.................................298 To kainit plot........................................131 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.........................42 Average increase with cotton seed meal...................126 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was .... ..... .... . ... ......... To unfertilized plot........... added: 64 330 124' 183 To cotton seed meal plot ................................ To kainit plot.........................................213 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ....................... Average increase with acid phosphate ..................... Averge yield of To To Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was ........... seed cotton per acre, unfertilized added: 397 To unfertilized plot .................................. To cotton seed meal plot .......................... 49 148 acid phosphate plot. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ............ 198 -58 84 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot............. Average increase with kainit............................ 43 WINSTON COUNTY, 3 MILES NORTH EAST OF NAUVOO. W. M. OMARY, 1908. (See Tabie, p. 39.) land." Gray sandy, soil with a reddish clay subsoil; "coal This field had been in cultivation only about 6 years; original growth is stated to have been short leaf pine. While a complete fertilizer afforded the largest yield, yet the increase on plot 5, receiving only cotton seed meal and phosphate, was almost as large and the profit on plot 5 wa. even greater than on plot 9. the .Average Lbs:. yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized..........397 Increase of seed cotton where cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot.....................................90 To acid phosphate plot.................................197 To kainit plot........................................127 To acid phosphate and kainit plot........................271 added: Average increase with cotton seed meal..................171 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added To unferilized plot.....................................19~ 30 To cotton seed meal plot ................................ 73: To kainit plot ......................................... 21 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ....................... Average increase with acid phosphate ...................... Incraese of seed cotton per acre when kainit 197 was added: 81' ....... 118 4133: To unfertilized plot..................................... To cotton seed meal plot........................... To acid phosphate plot .................................To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot............... Average increase with kainit .............................. 48 44 WALKER COUNTY, 3 -MILES SOUTH OF CORDOVA. G. L. ALEXANDER, 1908. (See Table, p. 39.) Gray sandy upland with red clay subsoil. This field had been cleared for about 40 years. Evidently ,the land had been kept in a high state of fertility. The stand was uniform. It is clear that the chief need of this'soil was for acid no need for potash. The figures phosphate. There nitrogen are confusing, probably due to the relatively productive condition of this land. Apparently plot 10 was on richer soil than the other plots. was fo. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot..................................320 To acid phosphate plot..................................80 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ........................ added: 1165 80 Average increase with cotton seed meal..........54 To unfertilized plot .................................... To cotton seed meal plot................................. Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: 420 20 257 To kainit plot........................................330 Average increase with acid phosphate...................... To 'To Average Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot ............................ .......... .. . ... added: 120 30 60 acid phosphate plot ................ o'tih .. .. . . .. .. . .30 cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ................ increase kainit ............................ 45i FAYETTE COUNTY, 1 1-2 MILES WEST OF NEWTONVILLE. J. B. GIBsoN, 1906-7. (See Table, p. 46.) Dark sandy soil with red clay subsoil. This level upland field, on which the original growth was oak and short leaf pine, ha's been cleared about 18 years. There was an increase with either cotton seed meal, acid these were used separately or phosphate, or kainit, in every possible combination. Apparently the greatest need was for acid phosphate. wbether 1906. 1907. Lbs. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton, unfertilized.............560 348 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was 576 To unfertilized plot................................784 86 To acid phosphate plot..............................24 54 To kainit plot....................................72 92 To acid phosphate and kainit plot....................216 added: Average increase with cotton seed meal...............274 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To 202 unfertilized added: 640 150 129 plot................................ 880 To cotton seed meal plot............................ To kainit plot 120 .......... .... ................................. To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ......... 128 28167 349 Average increase with acid phosphate ................. Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was 272 added: To unfertilized plot................................ To cotton seed meal plot.............................. To acid phosphate plot............................ To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot............ 720 611 8 89 100 -32 160 106 Average increase with kainit ........................ 214 227 46 Fertilizer Experiments in Fayette and Greene Counties. FlRTILIZER a) U NEWTONVILLE NEWTONVILLU CTINT'N 190 1906 119( _0 a) a) v U a). a) o ) O~ 0 ).i 2 .0 0 4-1~ KIN o 2 3 4 1 Lbs. 200 240 .... 200 Cotton seed meal. Acid phosphate. No fertilizer......... 5 Kainit............... 200 Cot ton seed meal .... J .. 7 ( 240 Acid phosphate .. 8 9 240 Acid phosphate .. 6( 200 Cotton seed meal 6 20) Kainit ............. Lbs. Lbs. 1304 784 1400 880 520 . 1256 720 1456 904 1360 1432 600 1664 792 848 ... 1064 1000 Lbs 1Lbs Lbs. Lbs. 912 976 952 576 7681 144 640 !611 760; 136 336.'.......624... 1072 1726 a6961 16721149 74 1016 1096 360 1192 1272 665 740 687' 08 L200 ... <{2(0. Kainit ...... ...... J No fertilizer......... Cotton A (2C 240, Acid phosphate .. 200 Cotnsemal.. Kainit seed 622 14 616... meal .... 10) ............. J 832 680 64 240 Acid phosphate .. S100 Kainit.............. GREENE COUNTY, 1600, 912 704'88 6 MILES 1908. NORTH OF CLINTON. W. M. MORGAN, (See Table above.) Dark soil with clay foundation. The original growth, consisting chiefly of short leaf pine, was removed about nine years before the test was made. The two crops preceding the experiment consisted of cotton. No fertilizer very greatly increased the yield. From Mr. Morgan's notes it may be inferred that the land is in poor mechanical condition, much inclined to bake, and that on all plots there was much shedding of forms, but no rust. 4,7 Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertiized.620 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot..................................144 To acid phosphate plot...............................-62 To kainit plot........................................19 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ........................ added: 50 Average increase with cotton seed meal.................38 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot...................................136 To cotton seed meal plot ..............To kainit plot.......................................-35 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot.......................-4 added: 70 .Average increase with acid phosphate.....................7 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot...................................49 To cotton seed meal plot ...............................To acid phosphate plot .......................To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot............. Average increase with kainit ...........................CHILTON COUNTY., 122 40 76 2 MILES WEST OF VERBENA. J. H. WILLOUGHBY., 1905-6-7-8. (See Table, p. 49.) Gray sandy soil with a red sabsoil. Every year this test was ma~de on soil that had been long in cultivation. In each of the four years the complete fertilizer (plot 9) afforded a larger yield than the mi~xture of any two fertilizers. In every test the complete fertilizer afforded the largest net profit. When the chemicals were used separately or by twos their effect was variable, but when all 3 were combined each chemical in this mixture increased the yield more than enough to pay its cost. 48 1905 1906 1907 1908 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre unfertilized ............................... 408 256 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot......................384 104 64 To acid phosphate plot...................104 85 60 To kainit plot ........................... 96 21 -36-18 To acid phosphate and kainit plot..........272 62 279 x"8 550 230 142 256 153 Average increase with cotton seed meal ...... 214 68 60 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot ...................... 168 128 32 50 To cotton seed meal plot .................112 109 156 -38 To kainit plot.............................16 36-101142 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot .......... 192 77 214 132 Average increase with acid phosphate 66 87 75 1 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot ...................... 136 To cotton seed meal plot ..................152 To acid phosphate plot .................... -16 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot . .152 Average increase with kainit ................ 30 added: 206 158 186 123 186 -62 114 25 -6 91 244 108 133 153 57 Verbena ( Chilton County) Experiments by J. H. Willoughby and 0. H. Caffey. FIR fL1LIZ FIR VERBENA VERBEFNA VERBENA VERBENA VERBENA VERBENA W. 1905 W. 1906 U 0 00. W. 1y07 0 OU 0 t 0 00. 0) Q) 00 W. 1908 C. 1907 0 0 0 0 C3 O 00" C. 1908 U U1 0O 0 0 ..- U 0) u1 0 C 0. 0 0 L 50U I'to O z 0 10 KIND CO 0 y SH 0U 0U. H U +_ OO S-i 0 ¢' 20 88 5.0 653 0-s Lbs. 1 2 200 Cotton seed meal . 240 Acid phospha±te .. Lbs. Lbs. 384 168336 272 232 152 Lbs. 376 4(0 272 472 472 380 488 240 544 456 Lbs. 104 128 206 213 227 242 Lbs. 640 736 704 832 736 736. 610 552 888 856 752 536, 3; .... 1No fertilizer.......... 368 4 200 Kainit ............. ..i 520 5 200 Cotton seed meal..t 672 6 200 Cotton seed h eal6.... A i h s m t 648 c 1 200 Kainit ............. 7124() Acid phosphate .. 584 S200 Kainit ............. 8 .... No fertilizes . . . . . . . . . 448 (200 Cotton seed meal .... 1 9~ 240 Acid phosphate .. 872 J 1 200 Kainit ............. meal .... 1 1200 C~otton seed 10~ 240 Acid posphate .. 7601 100 Kainit..............I Lbs. 64 32 158 92 122 57 Lbs. 820 640 590 760 750 710 570 .5:0 00 70. 560 300 10 Lbs. 7L0o Lbs. 160 103 41 .. 710 80 630 ... 6.50 40 910 320 740 680 .530.. 860 170 130 44 424 312 304 216 336 304 810 800 290 952 392 303 280 810 50 CHILTON COUNTY, 1-2 MILE SOUTH OF VERBENA. G. H. CAFFEY, 1907-8. (See Table, p. 49.) Rather stiff, dark, sandy soil, with a red clay subsoil. This piece of high upland was cleared 60 or 70 years ago of its original growth of longleaf pine, oak, hickory, and dogwood. The results for the two years suggest that the fertilizer which pays best one season is not necessarily the one most effective in a different season. In 1907 there was need for a complete fertilizer, in which the most effective constituent was nitrogen, closely followed by potash; phosphate was also helpful when used in combination, with both of the other constituents. In 1908, on the contrary, kainit was of practicallY no value nitrogen being most important, followed by phosphate. A mixture of cotton seed meal and phosphate gave the greatest profit. In 1907 the complete fertilizer on plot 9, costing $5.68 pec acre, increased the yield of seed cotton by 464 pounds per acre, worth at 3.2 cents, $14.85. This leaves a net profit of $8.17 due to the complete fertilizer. Likewise in 1908 the increase on plot 5, with meal and phosphate costing $4.28, afforded a net profit of $5.96. 1907 1908 Lbs. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton unfertilized ............. 652 580 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot ............................... 144 160 To acid phosphate plot .............................. 268 240 To kainit plot ....................................... 18 130 To acid phosphate and kainit plot .................... 361 200 Average increase with cotton seed meal ................ 198 183 51 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot............................91 33 To cotton seed meal plot ................. . 93 ......... . To kainit plot .. '.... .. ............... kainit plot................250 To cotton seed meal added: 80 160 and 90 160 Average increase with acid phosphate................25 123 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added To unfertilized plot...........................196 70 ....... To cotton seed meal plot................. To acid phosphate plot.........................194 287 To cotton seed meal and acid' phosphate plot..... Average increase.with kainit........................187,28 AUTAUGA COUNTY, 2 MILEs EAST OF 40 10 50 10, PIATTVILLE. J. W. YOUNG, 1905-6-7. (See Table, p. 52.) Reddish sandy soil with a red clay subsoil. The; stand each year was good and uniform. 1Results were somewhat obscured by- unfavorable weather conditi ' ns. in 1905 and by the September storm and the occurrence of early chief need of the soil, long frost in 1906. Evidently t in' cultivation, was for nitrogen. Phosphoric acid was also needed. A mixtu~e of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate, (plot 5), in 'all cases gave a profitable increaser In a complete fertilizer in 1905 and 1906 kainit increased the yield to the. extent of 112 and 77 pounds of seed cotton respectively ; but when used alone or in combination .with' either one of the other fertilizers, kainit :was usually un- he profitable, and it was also without effect in the complete fertilizer in 1907. 52 Aulauga and Montgomery (Sandy Land) Experiments. FERTILIZER Prattyille 1904 Pratt- yule 1905 Prattyule 1906 MONsandy oI a ( o KIND a - I .2~vo~i 0 0 ~ . O. 0 Imo FF, _,, cu& o c ' o0Ov U H 11 t^ , U H~ 912 816 UH 156 60 . m' U H Lbs. 1 2 3 4 Lbs. Lbs.(Lbs. Lbs. Lbs Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal ... 816 184 936 296 :120 800 160 240 Acid phosphate .... .... No fertilizer.......632 .... 640. 24 680 34 200 200 Kainit.............;640 Cotton seed meal . 6 :752 744,112 664132 756 780 88 892 12 19 632 552 70 66 16 ci 240 200 240 200 8 .... Acid phosphate084 el.752 otnse 20 Kainit........... Acid phosphate "744 1 Kainit .... No 6 801788 18 168 760 101 ... 19 102 72 1 752t 1620 176 696 .... ;672. 30 708 812 .. 93 643~ 73 560 .... 200 240 200 200 10 240 Cotton seed meal 824 1272 936 264 880 Acid phosphate .. Kainit...........3 Cotton seed meal . Acid phosphate .. fertilizer........ 5521 68 12 824; 264 280 1768 216 X856 184 100 Kainit.......... 1800840 was A verage yield of seed cotton, unfertilzed Increase of seed cotton when cotton sesd me,). 1905 1906 1907 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 59 ' ....................... 656 784 added: To unfertilized plot.............................184 To acid phosphate plot...........................40 296 27 156 49 To kainit plot .................................. To acid phosphate and kainit plot..................96 144 67 234 90 151 Average increase with cotton seed meal..........116 156 112 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acd phospalite was added: 60 To unfertilized plot..............................120 160 -47 cotton seed meal plot.........................24-109 -4-105. To kainit plot...................................152 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot...............104 163 -34 -To Average increase with acid phosphate............ 88 53 -3 53 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was 34 12 To unfertilized plot.24 -54 To cotton seed meal plot......................-16-195 To acid phosphate plot.........................56-130-153 112 77 -41 . To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot Average increase with kainit....................44 -53 -59 added: MARENGO COUNTY, 2 MILEs SOUTH OF FAUNSDALE. W. C. MCKNIGTT, 1905. (See Table, p. 54.) Yellowish, gravelly, prairie upland. The largest increase and the only plot showing any decided profit from fertilizers was plot 10, which received 550 ponnds of a complete fertilizer. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized...........414 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot....................................62 To acid phosphate plot.................................170 To kainit plot.........................................48 To acid phosphate and kainit plot........................210 added: Average increase with cotton seed meal .................... 122 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot....................... ..... -82 added: 56 -42 120 ...................... To cotton seed meal plot.......... To kainit plot ......................................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ....................... A verage increase with acid phosphate...........13 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added : To unfertilized plot.................................... To cotton seed meal plot ................................. To acid phosphate plot ......................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ............... A verage increase with kainit........... ................. -20 56 20 30 21 54 FertilizerExperiments in Marengo and Montgomery Counties on prairie or lime soils. FERTILIZER a) 0) Ca ) U + CJ FAUNS- MINTMONTDAIGOM 'RY GOM'RY DAEPrairie Prairie MONTGOM'RY Prairie l1.. C) ZER O a 0 O0U 00) + 0)..0) 4) 0 D12 0 'U S. Q z 0 T KIND P4 O0Q' 0) b V)CC O0V 4) )U 00)+ O-~ U -0) T 7 T 7 7 7 Y Lbs. 1 200 2 240 3,.... 4 200 Cotton seed meal.. Acid phosphate . No fertilizer......... Kainit Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. bbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 78 643 14 483 454 .... 372 .... 334'.... 498 418' 20 558 183 580, 233 590 372 82 648' 276' 320 516 62' 492, 120.256; 143 15 119 134 .............. 5 200 6) 10 ' 2001 9j r200 2401 4 Cotton seed meal... Acid phosphate.... Cotton seed meal. Kainit ............ Acid phosphate .... Kainit........... No fertilizer......... 540, 434 328 118 528 149 402 42 578 28 528 146 694 322 663 246 593 203 363 853 490 c 62648' 268 690 306 374.... 388...396 ( 200 100 Cotton seed meal... Acid phosphate.... Kainit .... ............. J 522' 148' o94! 310; o72; 27o Cotton seed meal . Acid phosphate .... Kainit............ 638 264 726 338 618 220 723! 360 EAST OF MONTGOMERY. YIONTGOMERY COUNTY, 6 MILES SOUTH in WESLEY N. JONES AND SONS, 1906 7 -. Black prairie soil 1906; reddish prairie soil in 1907; chocolate or "mnlatto" prairie soil in 1908. In 1906 on black or dark gray prairie upland soil, the greatest increase, 338 pounds of seed cotton per acre, and afforded by the complete fertilizer apthe largest profit, plied to plot 10. Apparently the chief need that year was for was acid phosphate, though kainit was also helpful. In 1907 the greatest increase was afforded by a mixture of cotton seed meal and kainit, closely followed by the plot receiving acid phosphate and kainit. In this test kainit was the only profitable fertilizer and was effective whether used alone or in combination with either acid phosphate or k-ainit. The poor results on plots 1 and 5 appear to be partly due to the slightly poorer stand on those plots. In 1908 a complete fertilizer was the most profitable; in this potash was iost important, nitrogen next. Acid phosphate was ineffective when used alone or with meal, but meal, profitable whin combined with both kainit ing a complete fertilizer. [In the 3 tests on this typical prairie soil, the most profiin two cases a complete fertilizer and in table fertilizer one case kainit. 2 and and mak- was 1906 1907 1908 Lbs Lbs Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized 380 365 I: crease of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: -78 To unfertilized plot...........................120 66 To acid phosphate plot......................-127 431 145 149 To kainit plot ............................ 37 89 12 127 187 152 To acid phosphate and kainit plot .............. Average increase with cotton seed meal...........1 42-30 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was a'lcled : 276 -14 -15 To unfertilized plot ........................... 29 120 -11 To cotton seed meal plot...................... 84 73 85 .......... .............. To kainit plot ........ To cotton seed meal and kainit plot........... 164 -46 144 Average increase with acid phosphate........... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot 130 33 50 .................... 18.3 added: 233 119 To cotton seed meal plot....................... To acid phosphate plot........................ To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot 161 ... 91 26 -8 400 320 234 101 218 356 Average increase with kainit .................. 297 199, 56 MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 7 MILES EAST OF MONTGOMERY. Tuos. W. OLIVER, 1907. (See Table, p. 52.) ree1y Red santdy soil 4 to 6 in deep; subsoil. The field had been cleared perhaps 70 years before. The original growth was r'eported as short leaf pine and oak. The season was unfavorable, the spring being very wet and the late summer very dry and hot. A complete fertilizer, especially the one on plot 10, wa's tile most profitable. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized.........596 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot....................................112 To acid phosphate plot.................................84 To kainit plot ....................................... 228 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.......................191 Average increase with cotton seed meal.................154 Increase of. seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added : To unfertilized plot .................................... 32 To cotton seed meal plot............................... 4 To kainit plot .. .. .. .. .. ................ ....... ........... 139 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot ......................102 69 Average increase with acid phosphate..................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot ................... To cotton- seed meal plot ............................... To acid phosphate plot.......................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot............. added: .- 148 43 66 50 41 Average increase with kainit ............................. 57 LEE COUNTY, EXPERIMENT STATION FARM. Results of fertilizer experiments in 1905 and 19063are reserved for another publication. Expressed briefly the sults showed that on gray sandy soil (Norfolk sandy loai), the greatest increase was from potash, next from nitrogen, and the least from phosphate. The latter fact may be due to an accumulation of phosphoric acid brought about by fertilization with acid phosphate each year. re- LEE COUNTY, 2 MILES WEST OF AUBURN. JOHN JACKSON, 1908. (See Table, p. 58.) Gray sandy loam, long in cultivation. The largest increase, 500 pounds per acre, was afforleu by plot 9, on which was used 640 pounds per acre of a complete fertilizer. This represents, at 3.2 cents per pound of seed cotton, a net profit of $10.32 per acre above the cost of fertilizer. It should be added that the increased crop as measured by the scales was very nuch greater than the appearance of the plants would suggest to theeye. Every one of the three constituents of the complete fertilizer was profitable in this mixture. Average yield seed cotton. unfertilized................. Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was of. To unfertilized plot....................................190 To acid phosphate plot ............................. To kainit plot..................................... To acid phosphate and kainit plot........ .............. Average increase with cotton seed added: ... 560 .... 10 -140 320 95 meal. To To To To Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosph~ate was unfertilized plot .................... cotton seed meal plot.............................. kainit plot ...... ................................ cotton seed meal and kainit plot ....................... ...............added: ........ 100 -80 -118 350 Average increase with acid phosphate .................... 63 58 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot.....................................290 To cotton seed meal plot.................................-40 To acid phosphate plot...................................80 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot................. added: 390 180 Average increase with kainit............................... FertilizerExperiments in Lee County. FE RTLIZER C) N AUBURN J. Jackson .! . a) i BEEHIVE I BEEHIVI 1a C) a) Ei 0 a C KIND a) 0 C 0 , ° 4-0 , ) Lbs. 1 2 3 4 .... 200,Cotton 200 200 240 200 seed meal . 240 Acid phosphate.. No fertilizer 200 Kainit 8 Kainit............. . Cotton seed meal .. . Acid phosphate .... Cotton seed mneal.. ......... Libs Lbs. Lbs. 190 800 428 424 710, 100 272 610 .... 484 980' 290 680, 110, 552 700' 710 510 Lbs. 156 152 .... 202 260 392 297 .... Lbs. 280 304 184 304 560 400 444 168 640 560 Lbs. 96 120 123 382 525 273 150 180, .... 692 608 10 240 " cid phosphate .. 200 ainit ............ *..No fertilizer.... 200 Cotton seed meal .. 240 Acid phosphate .. 200 Kainit........... 200 Cotton seed meal .. 240 Acid phosphate... 100 Kainit ........... K 320 624 . 1010 . 500 240 304 472 392 750 563 240 LEE COUNTY, 4 MILES SOUTH OF LOACHAPOKlA. AT BEEHIVE. T. W. Cox, 1905-6. Coarse sandy soil with yellow sandy subsoil. This.piece of upland had been in cultivation for many In 1905 rust was 'severeon all The stand of plants uniform. On this very poor coarse sandy soil years. was plots. 59 plot 6, fertilized with meal and kainit, gave the largest yield and the most profit in 1905, in which year every fertilizer was nsefnl when applied alone or by twos. In 1906 plot 9, receiving 640 pounds of complete fertilizer. afforded the largest yield and the greatest net profit. The latter test agrees with Mr. Jackson's in showing the need of a complete fertilizer on the coarse gray sandy soils of this region. 1905 1906 Lbs. Lbs. 296 176 Average yield of seed cotton per acre, To ;unfertilized plot ........................... unfertilized. 156 190 96 260 To acid phosphate plot...........................108 To kainit plot .................................. To acid phosphate and kainit plot....................7 Average increase with cotton seed mneal............115 2 201 140 Increase of seed cotton per acre wien acid phosphate was unfertilized plot.............................152 To cotton seed meal plot..........................104 To kainit plot...................................95 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot.................88 To added: 120 287 150 247 Average increase with acid phosphate...............66 201 Tt. unfertilized Increase of seed cotton per acre whei r- .riit was plot.......................... added- . ... 20 2 12.3 Tc cotton seed meal plot............... ....... ' o acid phosphate plot.................... ...... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot .......... Average increase with kainit....................... TALLAPO5SA COUNTY, 8 MILES WEST OF M. ? '; I45 44 157 129 153 90 124 NOTASULGA. E. PARKER, 1905-6. upland; (See Table, p. 61.) Gray sandy, yellowish subsoil. on representative long-leaf pine land, and This field had been in cultivation about 20 years. The five crops pre- was 60 ceding that of 1905 were cotton fertilized with 200 pounds of guano per acre. cotton rust was severe and a complete fertilizer In was most profitable, (plot 9 and 10); this year every tilizer, whether applied alone, by twos, or all three together grreatly increased the yield. land that had been in In 1906 the test was condncted before. I his was a rainy season on this farm. oats .ii Plot 10, with a complete fertilizer gave the largest increase hile plot 9,i eceiving a complete fer and greatest profit, w tilizer with donble this amount of potash, droppeu lowry i1, Yield. There is no question of the effectiveness ofphosphate and meal. Bnt the resnlts with kainit are here contradictory, this fertilizer making a satisfactory increase when used alone and also when used in the complete ferbnt in other combinations kainit failed tilizer on plot to increase the yield to any notable extent. 1i905 reyear fer- on 10; 1905 1906 Average Increase of seed cotton when To unfertilized plot..............................320 acre, yield of seed cotton percotton seed meal was added: un Lbs. Lbs. 500 621 127 fertilized. To acid phosphate plot.........................128 To kainit plot................................40 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.................. meal.............1273 160 2-64 72 -26 104 88 Average increase with cotton seed Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added. To unfertilized plot .............................. 18:° To cotton seed meal plot ........................... To kainit plot..................................... 166 -5 To cotton Average seed meal and kainit plot................. increase with acid phosphate 136 16 79 .............. 122 Increase of seed cotton per acre when k-init was To unfertilized plot..............................339 Pcotton seed meal plot............... To acid phosphate plot...........................&88 To cotton seed meal and acid added: ..... ICO 22"1 'r1 0 -16 .... 56 phosphate plot.......... 120 150 Average increase with kainit ...................... 70 Fertilizer Experiments in Tallapoosa an~d Macon Counties. FERTILIZER ___________ W.NOTA'CA W. NOTrA'GA W. NO'rA'CA1 W. NOTA'GA W. NOTA'GA W. NOTA'GA SHORTER SwearingS C. E. B. E. B. J. W. M. E. M. E. Parker ParkerParker Jackson Jackson Jacks-n ton3 _1905 1906 ) 0) 1907 0 >V tVViv 1907 1908 0 V0 0 1905 1906 0)0 V V 0 >b 0+4 o0 '7 > 0b S.00) ~L 0 .- rO 0. 40 0 0 .- cd 0 . - 0)0) 00 Z 2S 0 vt V .- V t 0.V ' ~0 -V . , ~ 0 v V '70 .0 oV s.. - 1 2 3 4 Lbs. Lbs Lbs, Lbs Lbs. Lbs. Lbs 200 Cotton seed meal . 840 320 748 127 520 104 240 Acid phuosphate . 784 264 810 189 480 64 No fertilizer......... 520.....621........ 416 ....... 200 Kainit............. .848 336 845 224 512 123 .... 5 200 240 Cotton seed meal..? 20 otnseed ma. 206ii ma. Acid phosphate 896 392 914 293 632! 568 656 Lbs. Lbs Lbs. Lbs, 272 8 0 680I 280 256 64 500 100 192........ 400 ..... 216 25 530 112 296 106 500 84 jbs. 552 2 50 344 Lbs.'Lbs. Lbs. 368 72, 256 40 384 88 2o4 48 296 ...... 216 .. 368 75 544 325 262 464 244 270 ... 872 376 352 ..... 819 810 ........ 198 180 277 405 584 249 312 304 400 124 118 216 650 50 680 3 23 138 270 3 23 60 256 6 76 640 4..... 4 54 416 544 240 Acid phosphate... 20-aii........840 8 .... 200 260 376 No fertilizer......... Cotton seed meal.. 480 .... 280 ..... 184........ 410 ...... 280 .... 9 10 240 200 200 240 100 Acid phosphate ... Kainit ........... Cotton seed meal.. Acid phosphate... K ainit 992 1000 .512.898 520 1026 336 768 576 296 416 232 720 310 536 256 768 544 __________________________________ 62 TALLAPO.OSA COUNTY, 8 1-2 MiiLES WEST OF NOTASULGA. (See Table, p. J. W. PARKER, 1907. 61.) Gray sandy land; yellowish subsoil. This.typical piece of long-leaf pine upland had been cul tivated for many years. The complete fertilizer on plot 10 was the most profitable, affording a net profit of $6.35 per acre, (376 lbs. at 3.2 cents, less $5.68). June and July were very dry. Rust and shedding were severe on plots 5, 9 and 10; plots 4 7 retained their foliage reiarkably well. and Lbs. Average- yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized.........348 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot..................................104 To acid phosphate plot...............................206 To kainit plot......................................126 To acid phosphate and kainit plot............... added: Average increase with cotton seed meal..................138 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot.................................... 64 To cotton seed meal plot................................ 166 127 To kainit plot........................................137 To cotton seed meal, and kainit plot ...................... Average increase with acid phosphate.....................12 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot ................................... To cotton seed meal plot................................ plot To acid phosphate added: 123 ................................. 145 196 106 143 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot.......... ...... Average increase with kcainit ........................... 63 TALLAPOOSA COUNTY, 6 MILES WEST OF NOTASULGA. E. B. JACKSON, 1907-8: (See Table, p.61.) Gray sandy upland; yellowish subsoil. This experiment was made. on typical long-leaf pine land, which had been in cultivation for many years. The stand of cotton were good and uniform. There are no records to the presence or absence of cotton rst. In both years a complete fertilizer was most effective and most profitable. However in a complete pounds of kainit per acre (plot 10) was more advantageous than double this amount, (plot 9.) 1907 1908 Lbs. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertulized . Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed m al was To unfertilized plot...............................80 To acid phosphate plot ............................ To kainit plot.................................99 To acid phosphate and kainit plot .................. Average increase, with cotton seed meal...............80 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate fertilizer,'tOO added: 188 405 280 -16 124 132 130 42 98 was 64 93 92 added: 100 26 34 To unfertilized plot ................................ To cotton seed meal plot ................... 26 -196 To kainit plot ......... ........................... To cotton- seed meal and kainit plot................. Average increase with, acid phosphate............... .69 Increase -9 112 -44 of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: ............. ........ :....... To unfertilized plot ................................ To cotton seed meal plot 25, 44 54 To acid -phosphate plot............................ To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot.........110 A verage increase with kainit...................... 58 38. 186 73 64 MACON COUNTY, $. 6 MILES WEST OF NOTASULGA. C. JACKSON, 1905. (See Table, p. 61.) Gray sandy pine woods soil with yellowish subsoil. The original growth was long-leaf pine. The field been in cultivation for many years. . mixture of acid phosphate and cotton-seed meal (plot 5) was sufficient to give the largest yield and greatest profits. Mr. Jackson noted that on plots receiving the complete fertilizer there were some spots where the plants died, bably from cotton wilt. This may explain why the complete fertilizer did not give a better yield. had pro- of seed cotton per acre, Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot ..................... To acid phosphate plot.................................174 To kainit plot.......................................158 To acid phosphate and kainit plot........................204 yield Average unfertilized..........288 added: 72 Lbs. Average increase with cotton seed meal .................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was 152 added: 8 To unfertilized pint.................................... To cotton seed meal plot................................ 190 -15 To kainit plot ........................................ To cotton seed meal and kainit plot............31 Average increase with acid phosphate. ..................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was 73 added: 2 To unfertilized plot....................... To cotton seed meal plot ................... To acid phosphate plot ............................... To cotton. seed meal and acid phosphate plot ................ 75 .............. :.............161 -28 Average increase with kainit............................. 52 65 MACON COUNTY,9 MILES WEST OF TUSKEGEE. YANCEY SWEARINGTON, 1906. (See Table, p. loam subsoil. 61.) Gray sandy soil with yellow This field was cleared of its growth of long leaf pine about 60 years ago. The'stand was good on all plots. It is' notable that the complete 'fertilizer on plot 6 nearly rupled the yield on the unfertilized plots. This complete fertilizer afforded the largest yield and the greatest profit. but wa- closely followedin yield and profit by plot 6) receiv-ing a mixture of cotton seed meal and kainit. In this test kainit was the most useful single fertilizer, a fact which was probably due to its effect in restraining rust, as indi cated by Mr. Swearington'is careful observations. By July '10 plot 5 was ruined by rust. Plots 4 and 6 suffered least from rust and were the last to show it. The rust was considered worse on plots 9 and 10 than on plot 5. Apparently rust was worse and earlier on plots receiving phosphate. Mr. Swearington draws the following conclusion from this test: "Our lands need more liberal use ofpotash." quad- seed cotton per acre, unfertilized..... .... 220 Average yield Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was ad- of Lbs. ded: To unfertilized plot................................... 40 To acid phosphate plot _..................... ............ 196 To kainit plot...... ..................... To acid phosphate and kainit plot.................... Average increase with cotton seed meal .................... Increase of seed cotton per, acre when acid phosephate was .. . ...... .. .. .. . .. . . . . . ....... 221 ... 184 160 To unfertilized plot ........ ..... added: 48 To cotton seed meal plot ................................. To kainit plot............................:.... ... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot Average increase with acid- phosphate.................. 204 91 :............54 ... 99 a N 66 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot...................................3 To cotton seed meal plot...............................506 To acid phosphate plot.................................363 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ................ added: 356 Avaerage increase with kainit .......................... 389 Fertilizer Experiments near Society Hill, Macon County. R. S. R. S. FLOYD FERTILIZF-&R t r U FLOYD A. B. FLOYD 1908 l4-1 1906 0 1907 05 0 c12. 0 1900 0 0 KIND OU GN j n O Cc .- v 0 H0. 1 2 3 4 Lbs. 200 Cotton seed meal ... 240 Acid phosphate .... 200 200 240 200 200 240 200 200 240 200 200 240 100 Lbs. Los. 512 464 352 432 552 448 424 304 616 554 312 280 160 112 90 220 125 j111 Lbs. 472 832 640 720 1112 728 856 792 1168 1224 Lbs. 168 192 49 410 -4 94 Lbs. 420 580 450 750 520 610 550 470 Kainit ...........meal. Cotton seed No fertilizer.... Lbs. 30 30 296 62 148 84 Acid phosphate Cotton seed meal. ..j 10) I I Acid phosphate Kainit ........... No fertilizer...... . Cotton seed meal. Acid phosphate .. Kainit ......... Cotton seed meal. Acid phosphate .. I Kainit ...... Kainit ........... 376 990 900 520 430 I 432 MACON COUNTY, 5 MILES SOUTH WEST OF SOCIETY HILL. R. S. AND A. B. FLOYD, 1906-7-8. Soil in 1907 soil; yellow subsoil in dark sandy loanq; in 1906 and 1908 gray sandy all experiments. All these tests were made on land that had been long in cultivation. The original growth is reported as probably short-leaf pine and hardwood. On gray sandy soil in 1906 and again in 1908 the corn- 67 plete fertilizer ;was by far the most effective and most propre fitable application. In both of these years rust valent but least severe on the plots receiving kainia. On the a year in which no rust troubled 'other, hand, in plot, a mixture of cotton 'seed meal and phosphate on plot 5 gave the greatest increase, kainit being practically without effect. In both years when rust prevailed, plot 10, receiving 200 pounds of kainit in its complete fertilizer, yielded more than plot 10, where only half as much kainit was used in the complete fertilizer. was 1907, any 1906 1907 1908 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 716 Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized 328 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: --- 168 To unfertilized plot.......................160 218 To acid phosphate plot......................108 -53 To kainit plot..............................35 282 To acid phosphate and kainit plot..............201 460 -30 -148 32 436 71 Average increase with cottonl seed meal........126 70 Increase of seed cotton -per acre when acid phosphate was added: 30 192 112 To unfertilized plot ......................... 92 578 60 .............. Tc cotton seed meal plot....... To kainit plot.......... ................... 21 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot...... ...... Average increase with acid phosphate ........... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was To unfertilized plot 187 95 380 45 -212 372 71 299 164 -98. . -1 To acid phosphate plot.................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot....... 92'.-34 To cotton seed meal plot........ .............35 Average increase with kainit....... ........... 37 20 ................... added: 90 49 296 178 54 458 247 (; BULLOCK COUNTY, 9 MILEs EAST OF UNION SPRINGS. A. M. COPE, 1906. (See Table, p. 69.) Gray sandy soil with porous yellow sandy subsoil. The original-growth of short-leaf pine had been cleared many years before. The stand of cotton was very uniform There was need of a complete fertilizer. Of the two corplete fertilizers the one containing the larger amount of kainit per acre was more profitable. The need for nitrogen and for phosphate was somewhat greater than for potash. The increase from the complete fertilizer on plot 9 was 760 pounds per acre, thus affording a net profit of $18.61 above the cost of fertilizer and above the cost of pickig th increase. Indeed every fertilizer, -whether used 'singly or in any combination whatsoever, gave a profitable increase. Lbs. Average yield' of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized...........24d Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot....................................256 To acid phosphate plot.................................232 To kainit plot........................................240 To acid phosphate and kainit plot........................400 A verage increase with cotton seed meal...................282 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was unfertilized plot ..................................... cotton seed meal plot ................................ kainit plot ........................................ cotton seed meal and kainit plot.......................328 -fo To To To added:, 288 264 168 Average increase with acid phosphate ..................... Increase of seed cotton 'per acre, when kainit was To unfertilized plot.....................................192 To cotton seed meal plot................................ 262 added: 176 72 240 To acid phosphate plot.................................. To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ................ Avrerage increase with kcainit............................170 69 Fertilizer Experiments in Bullock, Barbour and Geneva Counties. lUnn COPEI PEsISVILLE A. M.4 gFIRTILIZR _ ____ GENUVA K D 0 40. P4 bd -40 y ao ro +- 0 G, s Lbs KIsLbs Lb. Ls Ls Tb 1 2 3 200 Cotton seed meal 240 Acid'phosphate . .... 496 - 528 432 760 672 600 256 288 192 4 5 S '20. Kainit ............. 200 No fertilizer.........240. 304 104 72 272 200......448. 232 736 640 720 872 268 192 265 410 6 7 8 9 Cotton seed meal 240 Acid phosphate 200 Cotton seed meal.. 200 Kainit. 200Aidit........ ... 200 520 432 360 456 24 240 No fertilizer .... .... se Kainit 312 480 80 624 150 el .. :...240..... : 240.....480.20Cto 760 240 Acid phosphate . 1000 10 200 Cotton seed meal. 240 Acid phosphate 100 Kainit........)... 808 568 240 872 392 BARBOUR COUNTY,' 3 MILES NORTH OF LOUISVILLE. BY J. D. VEAL, 1905. Gray, sandy soil, .with stiffer gray subsoil. This field had been long in cultivation.. The season was wet ; rust wa's severe and all yields were sniall. Nitrogen afforded a larger increase than did phosphate or potash. The most profitable mixtures contained. cotton seed meal, mixed either with acid phosphate or with kainit. The year before,' on the same or similar land,- a complete profitable. Both years cotton seed fertilizer was the, meal and acid phosphate were needed. In 1904 kainit was profitably .used, giving an average increase of 100 pounds per acre, as compared with an average increase of only 38 pounds in 1905. most 70 Lbs.. Average y:i td of. seed cotton per acre unfertilized...........220 7 Increase of seed cotton per acre when cotton seed meal was add-ed :: To unfertilized plot................ ........ 104 To acid phosphate plot.................................168 To kainit plot To acid phosphate and kainit p'ot.......................136 ................. 224 Average increase with cotton seed meal...................158 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was To unfertilized plot....................................72 To cotton seed meal plot................................136 To kainit plot........................................56 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot......................-32 added: Average increase with acid phosphate.......................58 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kiinit was To unfertilized plot....................................24 To cotton seed meal plot...............................144 To acid phosphate plot...................................8 Tr cotton seed meal and acid phosphate-plot..............-24, Average increase with kainit..............................38 GENEVA COUNTY, added: 4 M. P. 1 2 MILES NORTH OF GENEVA METCALF., 1905. inches Gray sandy pine land 'with stiffer red subsoil eight from surface. The land had been in cultivation six years. Both cotton a seed meal and acid phosphate were very effective, mixture of the two was the most profitable fertilizer. This year kainit was in most combinations useless. In experiments on cotton made by Mr. Metcalf on similar land in preceding years the results indicated a need for and phosphate; and in two of his experiments kainit was also very effective. Nitrogen was also needed except when supplied by a preceding crop of peanuts. 71 Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized..........464 Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was To unfertilized plot...................................288 To acid phosphate plot.................................218 To kainit plot.......................................-13 To acid phosphate and kainit plot.......................290 added: Average increase with cotton seed, meal..................196 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: .192 . To unfertilized plot........ 122 To cotton seed meal plot ............................... To kainit plot......................................-115 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot........................188 Average increase with acid phosphate......................97 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot .................... ............. 265 To cotton seed meal plot..............................-36 To acid-phosphate plot................................-42 To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot................30 Average increase with kainit.............................54 HENRY COUNTY, 3 1-2 MILES NORTH OF COLUMBIA.- THos. Z. ATRESON., COLUMBIA, 1908. Light gray soil, with yellow loamy subsoil. The field had -been cleared about 40 years, the. principal' growth having been long leaf pine.. There was very little rain from the' time the seed were planted, and cotton wilt and root knot further reduced the yield under these unfavorable conditions. All fertilizers increased the yield, but none to any large extent. Yet the increase on plot 5 was sufficient to pay a fair profit over the cost of the fertilizer. 72 Lbs. 94 Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized ........... Increase of seed cotton when cotton seed was added: To unfertilized plot...................................785 To acid phosphate plot ............................... To kainit plot ....................................... To acid phosphate and kainit plot.......................148 Average increase with cotton seed meal .................. 96 254 144 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added: To unfertilized plot ....................... ............. 35 To cotton seed meal plot ............. ............. 54 To kainit plot ....................................... 74 To cotton seed meal and kainit.............................32 Average increase with acid phosphate ....................... Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added: To unfertilized plot ................................... To cotton seed meal plot ................. .................. To acid phosphate plot .................................... To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ................. Average increase with kainit ............. ..... 48 33 209 72 124 109 ............. 73 Fertilizer Experiments in Henry County. FERTIIZER FE9RTIIZ0ER1 COLMBIAHEADLAND COLUMBIA908 I Via,,,of HEADI4 AND ) I y¢ o 012 o RIND ... cu 4~ 00 . e$-4 i. o 00) 0 o ) o 00) 0) © 0 t-4 Le0 .- ~ -- 0)(U.. 1 s 0a Lbs -0 .0 Lbs. 1 2 3 4 Lbs. 6 7 8 200, Cotton seed meal 173 78 392 80 1015 240 Acid phosphate.... 130 35 208 104 1130 .. No fertilizer..........95.......312......885. 200 Kainit..............128 33 424 105 1020 200 Cotton seed meal. 25 1 240 Acid'phosphate2.9 200 Cotton seed meal. 380 287 240 Acid phosphate . 200 107 536 198 1170 200 Kainit........ 200 kKaiit ... Lbs Lbs os Lbs. 130 245 150 345 .... No fertilizer..........93 344......810. 9 10 200 240 200 200 240 Cotton seed meal Acid phosphate Kainit..... Cotton seed meal Acid phosphate 1 3485 408 255 305 EAST 656 600 312 256 1425 1410 615 600 HENRY COUNTY, MILE OF HEADLAND. W. F. COVINGTON, 1907-8. Gray sandy soil with yellow loam subsoil.. In 1907.- The experiment in 1907 was made on. land that had been cleared abont 40 years and was very poor, but otherwise representative. The crop in 1906 was cotton fertilized with 500 to 600 pounds of a 9-3-3 gnano. This probably explains in part why there was such poor response in 1907 to applications of phosphate., A further explanation is doubtless found in the -observed fact that rust was fertilized with acid worse Ion plot 2, phosphate alone, than on other plots. Cotton seed meal and both profitably increased the. in whatever combination they were applied. The largest yield was. made by a mixture of cotton seed meal and yield kainit 74 kainit, on plot 6. Mr. Covington writes: "The kainit made good in every test, especially so on plots 4, 6, and 7. On these plots the leaves held longer and the bolls were larger and much better matured, this last being especially noticeable on plot 6." In 1908. The field had been cleared about ten years. On this land, not so deficient in vegetable matter as that used the preceding year, a complete fertilizer gave the maximum yield and the maximum profit. Of the three constituents of the complete fertilizer, acid phosphate was most influential, closely followed by both of the others. It is notable that the complete fertilizer on plot 10, containing only 100 pound's of kainit, in addition to meal ind phosphate, afforded almost as large a yield and a greater net profit than did the complete fertilizer on plot 9, which contained double this amount of kainit. The net profit due to 540 pounds of fertilizer on plot 10 was $14.27 (600 lbs. at 3.2 cents, less $4.93) per acre. Apparently this soil needs a complete fertilizer and this conclusion is not 'shaken by the slight response to acid phosphate under the exceptional conditions of 1907, as stated above; this view is strengthened by the favorable results from complete fertilizers in earlier experiments on what seem to be similar soils in that part of the state. Lbs. Lbs. 1907. 1908. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized ...... 328 848 Increase in seed cotton when cotton seed meal was added: To unfertilized plot ................................... 80 130 To acid phosphate plot ............................ 194 145 To kainit plot ................................... 219 140 To acid phosphate and kainit plot ................... 114 270 Average increase with cotton seed meal .............. 152 172 75 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate was added . 104 24 ...... unfertilized plot............. 10 260 ........... To cotton seed meal plot.................. 93 195 To kainit plot ..................................... To cotton seed meal and kainit plot....................-12 325. To Average increase with acid phosphate ................ Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit -3 256 150, 100 225 159- To unfertilized plot...............................105 To cotton seed meal plot .............................. ....................... To acid phosphate plot ....... To cotton. seed meal and acid phosphate plot...... Average increase with kaintt .............. was -added: 302 ... 222 ... 218 244 160 Experiments at Betts, ConeculiCounty. FERTILIZER BETTS 1905 BETTS 1906 jBETTS 1907 a o m $-4 o 'c O ~.> KIND Q+ UU o 0' 4- o 2I a ., V 1 2 3 Lbs.- Lbs Lbs 216 784 200- Cotton seed meal. 224 792 240 Acid phosphate .. .... No fertilizer........ 74 .01 ant......880........ 568 Lbs 1048 1064 2 1080 1056. 1040 896 1216 1 168 184 7 193 166 147 Lt Ls. 440 424 384 456 456 440 37 Lbs 56 '40 74 76 62 1200ct tosedameal 61 8 200 Cotton -seed meal. .. 200 Kainit ...... 7 20Acid phosphate . 200 Kainit ... ...... .... ? 864 832 824 302 273 269 . No fertilizer....... 200 Cotton seed meal . Ac id phos phat e . 552 ...... 896 344 9 240 32 464 88 20 oton seed meal. 10200Aintophte. 100...i....... 880 ___.__ 328 1200 ___ 304 _______ 456 80 76 CONECUH COUNTY, 1-2 TO 1 1-2 MILES NORTH EAST OF BETTS. R. H. BETTS, 1905-6-7. Gray sandy soil with red subsoil. The land on which these tests were made had been cleared for 30 or 40 years. The original growth was reported hardwood and short-leaf pine; if so, probably this soil is defferent from the average soil of the long-leaf pine belt. In 1908 there was so much rain and such small yields that all fertilizers were about eqnally ineffective and unprofit able. In 1906 when both fertilized and unfertilized plots yielded well, complete fertilizer (on plots 9 and 10) efforded the largest net profit. In 1905 a mixture of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate was nearly as effective and quite as profitable as a complete fertilizer. 1905 1906 1907 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Average yield of seed cotton per acre, unfertilized 560 888 Average yield of seed cotton when cotton seed meal was 168 To unfertilized plot..........................216 9 To acid phosphate plot.........................78 130 To kainit plot...............................134 To acid phosphate and kainit added: 380 56 34 67 26 plot...............75 173 Average increase with cotton seed meal ... :.......126 120 46 Increase of seed cotton per acre when acid phosphate wa s added : 184 40 To unfertilized plot...........................224 86 25 18 To cotton seed meal plot....................... 111 53 To kainit plot................................130 71 154 12 To cotton seed meal and kainit plot .............. Average increase with acid phosphate........... 127 139 119 31 Increase of seed cotton per acre when kainit was added : To unfertilized plot........................... 36 9 To cotton seed meal plot...................... To acid phosphate plot........................ To cotton seed meal and acid phosphate plot ........ Average increase with kainit................... 57 -- 2 45 -37 42 127 71 31 20 22 14 16 77 _INCONCLUSIVE TESTS. The following inconclusive experiments were made: Bullock County, O. M. Hill, Suspension, 1906. Bullock County, F. B. Haynes, 7 miles South of Union Springs, 1908. Chambers County, E. W. Smart, Fredonia, 1905. Fayette County, J. B. Gibson, Newtonville, 1908. Pickens County, D. W. Davis, Gordo, 1906. The yields in these tests are given in the next table. a) Inconclusive Experiments in Bullock, Chambers, Fayette, Montgomery and Pickens Counties. FERTILIZER a) aa U Si N UNION SPRINGS FREDONIA 190 )6 (Haynes, '08I UN U 1905 LOs N. NEW TONVILLE TO NEWTL N VIL7 -N A 1 TEL GORDO 1907 O a) 0 190 00a 905 )a) 0 a) 1906 0 )a) kU U y, oa) u-- a a) OO a Qac) O sON ) OO OsS 4- aQa aa rd:d o' 0 Z o o0 4 1 2 3 Sbs 200 240 Lbs. Cotton seed meal.808 Acid phosphate. No fertilizer.........824 a 0a). a). .r3 as-a CC) U - Ca) .r. Lbs. 450 580 600.. 740 570 16 ILbs. .... 5 872 1088 150 20 180 50 150 Lbs. Lbs. 816 888 688 912 768 192 1376 1048 728 200 152 64 288 400 Lbs 1090 1080 Lbs. 650 Lbs. 336 408 264 280 272 232 208. 248 256 232 640 684 728 412 4 200 6 200 2001 240! .... Kainit..............856 Cotton seed meal. Acid phosphate . 440. 1200 1320 1080 Lbs. 72 144 . 19 14 23 Lbs. 608 488 536 688 336 Lbs. 72 48 187 130 129 260 Lbs. 880 752 624 608 688 936 672 688 824 848 fbs. 128 29 38 273 4 Cotton seed meal . 984 1000 "630 540 400. 560 656 360 20Acid phosphae. 20Kainit..... No fertilizer........',800 100 8 424 960 1224 980 230 820 . 1380 1340 560 520 44 . 200 240 S200 200 240 10 100 9 Kainit............ Cotton seed meal Acid phosphate .. ( Kainit ......... ., Cotton seed meal . A cid phospaate 450 390 50 1256 10 208 48 8 -664 16 712 304 352 136 160 ,,,, I 1096