All, AA $ hin1tnitad jprren$ltrn OF THE AricueteraI a~d MehaicaI Auburn. Ala., - C11 April, 1889. for Butter. Contents : COTTON-Experiments with Fertilizers. " Varieties. on different Soils. PIGS-Feeding for Pork. CATTLE-Description of Barn and Dairy-Feeding ANALYSES-Of Fertilizers, Soils and Feed Stuffs. METEOIROLOGY -Temperature of Soil at different~deptis ; Atmospheric Conditions; Rainfall, etc. BROWNPRINTING CO.,Montgomery, Ala, 91 BULLETIN NO.5, riqu frnI ptrmtntion Agricultural and Mechanical Cotlege, AUBURN, ALA.---APRIL, 1889. :BOA HON. D 0OF F. VISITOR$S. STATION: COMMITTEE OF TRUSTEES ON EXPERIMENT J. G. GILCHIST,. ... HON. R. LIGON. HON. J. B. MITCHELL. B 0.A2 1 D W. O fDII8CTIO . L. BROUN..............................................President Director and Agriculturist J. S. NEWMAN .............................. N. T. LUPTON............................ Vice-Director and Chemist tP. H. MELL ............... . ~.. ................................. Botanist . . . .. .. .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ASSISTANTS: ...... Biologist ISAAC JAS. Ross.. 1st Assistant Agriculturist, charge of Live Stock & Dairy Assistant Agriculturist CLAYTON..........................Second J. T. ANDERSON, PH--. D................. L. W. WILKINSON, M. Sc................. be .First Assistant Chemist Second Assistant Chemist P. L. HUTCHISON..................Third T. D. SAMFOED, B. Sc Assistant Chemist. Assistant Botanist .......................... Observations. ~Prof. Mell .To filled.has also charge of Meteorological 92 COTTON--EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS-COMPAR- ISON OF VARIETIES-ON DIFFERENT SOILS. J. S. NEWMAN, AGRICULTURIST. The object of the several sets of experiments with cotton, which follow, was to inquire how much reserve force remained from previous applications of commercial manures to sandy soil which has no retentive clay within three feet of the surface. Cotton was planted in 1888, without manure, upon plats to which different elements and combinations of elements of plant-food had been applied in 1886 and 1887. Comparison of results of 1888 with those of 1886 and 1887 can be made only in the seed cotton, since facilities for ginning the plots separately were not secured until 1888. It will be observed that the principal loss in seed cotton occurred where the different sources of nitrogen were applied. No difference in the per cent. of lint worthy of comment occurs, except where kainit had been applied and where no manure was used in 1887. 93 XP.IRIMENT9 WITHl COTTON. O rn T To orp aeot l Padi crent rt1i r. o l X86 Cc Results in 1888. 1887 0 FERTILIZERS APPLIED IN 1886 AND 1887.0Poa po p ' r0 O r 1 420 lb B. 2 420 lIbklainit S. Phosphate..*.......Popae............................................................ 301.87 ........ ............ .................................... 98.31 "32.57240.62422.30 319.37120.21 345.62 110.39 37. 64 373.97 363.20 3 210 lbNitrate of Soda........................................................... . ."_......... 31.94 288.7534000 4 140 lb Sulphate of Ammonia ...................... 385.00 118.15 30.935424.37 522.13 5 105 6 420 lb It Muriate of Potash............................................ Cotton Seed Meal.................... ............... ....... "......................__376.25118.10 "..520.6 574 30.25 352.10 450J 10 31.39 411. 25 667.30 7 20lolood ..................................................................... 29 7.50100.61 33.82 315.00 448.7 0 lb E. 9 420 lb E. 8 420 S. Phosphate and 420 S. Phosphate, 420 lb C. S. Meal..... S. Meal, and 105 ......................... Muriate of Potash ............... ... ... 371.871[15.83 31.15 402.50 603.1 30 lb C. lb 424 37131.21 9--402.50 599.60 11 10 420 lb E. S. Phosphate and 105 lb Muriate of Potash............... ................... No manure............."...............................:....................... 313.00 99.38 31.55 297.50 380.10 328.12 63.32 19.30 227.501163.12 INQUIRY AS TO PROPER RATIO BETWEEN PHIOS. ACID AND NITROGEN. In this experiment the quantities of phos. acid and potash are constant, while the nitrogen varies so as to give the following ratios between the nitrogen and phosphoric acid, from the two sources, dried blood and cotton seed meal: The ratios are1 lb. nitrogen to 1 lb. phos. acid. 1 " " " 1 " 1 " 1 " " " to to to to 2 4 6 8 G" " " " ' " " The smaller quantity of nitrogen applied seemed to fuarnish as mueh as the plant with its environments could take up, and the plant seemed indifferent as to the sources from which:it derived it. There seemed to be a certain degree of cumulative force in 1887, which was lost by failure to renew by additional applications in 1888. The quantity of nitrogen applied seems not to have affected the relations between the weight of seed and that of the lint. See tabulated statement on next page. 95 RATIO BETWEEN NITROGEN AND PHOS. ACID. Results in 1888 1- 1886 1887 rj i0 0 QV. O FERTII~ZERS APPLIED IN 1886 AND 1887. 0 t 1 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash.............................. 2 4 472.50 104 32 22.08 402 50 531.90 24.71 376.25 706.90 4290 lb E. S. Phosphate, 350 lb Blood, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash................... 520.62 129.01 )(1 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 280 lb Bicod, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash....... .......... 425.00J 33.57 31.43 411.25 592 13 32.02 345.62 557.13 32.13 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 210 lb Blood, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash................... 389.37 124.67 126.31 5 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 140 lb Blood, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash .................. 6 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 70 lb Blood, and 105 lb Mu ilate of Potash . ........ :393.12 354.37529.60 :..393.75 127.89 32.48 332.50 463.12 37 680 50 7 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 840 lb C. S. Meal, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash............... 433.12 141.06 32.57 459 8 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 560 lb C. S. Meal, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash............... 281.37 88.58 31.15 367.50 573.20 9 420 lb E. S. Phosphate, 420 lb C. S. Meal, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash ............... 10 420 450 62 141.72 31.45 329.52 599.60 84.17 29.15 321.47 517.80 76.53, 19.88297.50612.80 lb E. S. Phosphate, 280 lb C. S. Meal, and 105 lb Muriate of lb 11 11 420 I- E. S. Phosphate, 140 lb C. S. Meal, and 105 lb Muriate of Potash................288-.75 Potash........1385. 00 7 THREE FORMS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID. In 1886 each of the forms of phosphoric acid was applied to two adjacent plats without nitrogen. In 1887 the same quantities of the phosphoric acid in the three forms, viz: Acid soluble (insoluble), citrate soluble (reduced), and water soluble (soluble), were applied each to one plat, and nitrogen, in cotton seed meal, applied to each of the other plats. In 1888 all of the plats were planted without manure. These results indicate very little leaching of the phosphoric acid and a cumulative effect of the floats. The results in 1888, without additional application, uniformly exceed those of 1886, when the phosphates were first applied, and in No. 1, to which only floats have been applied, yielded more as the effect ot the reserve force than in either previous year. 97 PHOSPHORIC ACID SET. Results in 1888. . C 0L FERTILIZERS APPLIED IN 1887. 1886 1887 0 - Ko- 7 O O 420 lbs. Floats ................................................................. 476.87:151.8 21 420 lbs. Floats and 420 lbs. C. S. Meal.............................................. 3'420 lbs. Reduced Phosphate .... 31.85 271 25 395.50 87 472 50153.09 32.40 336 .- 710 50 .................................... ......... 494.37-120.28 24.33 446.25 568.12 .................. 4. 420 lbs. Reduced Phosphate and 420 lbs. C. S. Meal............... 363.12 *55.63 15. 32 354.62 376.40 420 lbs. E. S. Phosphate...................................................:..328.12118.72 420 lbs. E. S. Phosphate and 420 lbs. 36.00 328.75 363.20 C. S. Meal...................................380.62 102.69 26.98 266.87"135.15 389.37 108.12 27.77 266.8"7374. 10 ............ 420 7' lbs. Floats and 420 lbs. air-slaked Lime....................... 8 420 lbs. Floats and 420 lbs. C. S. Meal................................ No manure............. .............................. .............................. ........ .. 341.25 .... 310 87.49 25 64280.00 465.50 62 66.66 21.46 231 87 2;2 30 *,Evident error. WILL LIME INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PHOSPHATES? Several years since the opinion was expressed by several agricultural experimenters of national reputation, that the addition of air-slaked lime would increase the activity of acid phosphates. This opinion seemed to be in conflict with the fact that the phosphates have not been uniformly profitable upon calcarious soils. To make practical inquiry into the matter, air-slaked lime was mixed in the drill with both Floats (powdered raw phosphate) and acid phosphate. This was commenced in 1886, repeated in 1887, and cotton planted on the plats without addition of manure in 1888. Note results of plat 7 in the last tabulated statement, where the lime was used with floats, and compare with plat 1 in the same table. Below are results of its use with acid phosphates. It seems not to have produced the effect claimed for it. 99 AIR-SLAKED LIME AND PHIOSPHATE. Re~cults in CIO2 1883. 1886 1887 FERTILIZERS APPLIED IN 1886 AND 1887. ........ "... 0 1 42 0 lbs. E. S. Phosphate and 420 lbs. air-slaked Lime.................. S. 328.121 58.96 17.97 206.25 266.14 354.37r 77.50 21.87 2.2401lbs. E. Phosphate............................ FLOATS WITH DIFFERENT SOURCES ......................... 240.62 258.20 1886 1887 0 0- OF NITROGEN. Results in 1888. FERTILIZERS APPLIED IN 1887. " ,.s " ^'"' .&PI-Z. 4-4 00b0 b0 420 lbs. Floats and 210 lbs. Nitrate of Soda...................................... 420 lbs. Floats and 140 lbs. Sulph. of Ammonia...................................... 166.25 49 16 29.57 202.50413.70 170.62 420 lbs. Floats and 210 lbs. Blood....... 420 lbs. Floats and 420 lbs. C. S. ......................................... Meal 203.62 63.33 30.80262.50 361.40 50.21 29 43 262.50 367.80 ..................................... i188 12 55.64, 29.58236. 26,405.15 FLOATS. AND. ACID PHOSPHATE COMPARED IN COMBINATION WITH NITROGEN AND POTASH. Results in 1888. 1856 1887 ¢ r FERTILIZERS APPLIED IS 1886 AND) lF87. 0 ' 0 38 420 lbs. Gossypitim ....... .................... ........................... ......................... . 227.50 76 46 33.61 371.87-306.401 S39 420 lbs. Floats and 420 lbs. Kainit ..... 253.75 78.73 31.03 240 62 280.00 350.00111.47 3l.85350.00387.30 ..... 297.50 95.02 31.94428. 358.75 74 36 20 ~4% '20lbs. Floats and 4201lbs. C.S. Meal.. .... .............. ................. 41 420 lbs. Floats,- 420 lbs. C. S. Meal and 420 lbs. Kaiait ......................... 42 4201bs. E. S. Ph nsphate and 420 lbs. C. S. Meal ................................ .... .,. 4341sCmot........................................ 44 ;No manure...... ................... . ..... 1.50 40.42 33.00236.2-3445.10. 73433.12 75 519.10 461.90 ................................. 175.00 54.60 31.20 93 75161.14 12 CAN IMPROVED METHODS AND THE USE OF FERTILIZERS INCREASE THE PROFITS OF COTTON CULTURE UPON VERY POOR SANDY LANDS ? By order of the Board of Trustees this inquiry was made upon ten acres in a body, taken without regard to topography of the land or quality of the soil. These were thoroughly prepared, well fertilized and carefully cultivated. The fertilizers applied were 1,000 lbs. of compost of cotton seed, stable manure and phosplate and two hundred lbs. of cotton seed meal and acid phosphate, equal parts ot each, per acre, at a cost of seven dollars per acre. These were applied in the drill. One acre of the same average quality as the ten, and adjoining the latter, was planted without manure, for comparison. The cotton on the ten acres grew off beautifully, but in consequence of heavy leaching rains upon the coarse deep sand it began to blight in June and was dead upon nine acres early in August. About one acre lying near a branch continued to fruit until September. In consequence of the blight, not only did production cease in August, but many bolls already formed failed to mature. The unmanured acre being later was not so early nor so seriously affected. Both were cultivated entirely with heel scrape. Owing to the frequency of rains, the cotton was plowed once oftener than usual. An examination of the statements which follow will reveal the fact that the difference in value over cost of production per acre on manured and unmanured land is $5.96, which is attributable to the use of the manure, which cost seven dollars per acre, just three times the usual cost,-and yet we find here the increase resulting from the use of the manure pays 85 per cent. profit upon its cost. 102 13 TEN ACRE COTTON EXPERIMENT. Cost olbreaking land first [STATEMENT OF EXPENSE AND PROFIT.] ................................... '$ " opening and bedding land..................... ...... planting cotton.................:....... ............... plowing......... ....................... 8 75 13 12 2 50 5 00 ...... secondl plowing................... .............. third plowing ....................... ............... fourth plowing........... ................... ........ chopping cotton.............................. .... second hoeing................... ................ .... ... 5 00 s 9 2 50 8 00 6 00 fertilizer......... .............................. scattering fertilizer......................... "picking 70 00 7 00 ............. cotton............................ 29 01 $161 Total expense......................................... 88 Total yield of seed cotton ............... Value of entire crop.:................................... Summary: .................. . .7,253 lbs. $241 76 Value of entire crop ................................ Total cost of production .............................. Profit on cost, 49 per cent. $241 76 161 88 Profit ....................................... $ 79 88 ONE ACRE COTTON EXPERIMENT. [STATEMENT OF EXPENSE AND PROFIT.] Cost of bedding land " .................. opening and covering seed....................... ............................. ... ............. $1 25 .. .0 0 69 << second << first plowing . plowing. chpping planting seed......... .... 0 20 ...... ... . ................................... ........................... 62%2 0 621% 0 62'2 third plowin g...... << " "r fourth plowing .................................... 0 6212 fifth plowing..................................... 0 18%2 cotton.................. o.................. 0 80 second hoeing ................ picking cotton ................................... 06 1 12 Total expense.....................................$7.345 Yield of seed cotton. .................................... Value of crop 281 lbs. $9.366 ............................................ Summary: Value of crop ................................... 'Total cost of production .......................... $9.366 7. 345 $2.021 Profit. ........................................ Profit on cost, 27 per cent. 103 14 VARIETIES OF COTTON. Eleven distinct varieties of cotton were planted for the purpose of comparing their productiveness, quality of lint, &tc. As full stands were not secured upon some of the plats, the yield is given per plat and per hill. It was planted in hills 3 by 4 feet. One hundred bolls were picked and weighed at four different times from each variety, the average of which is given in the table. The product of each variety was weighed in the seed, carefully ginned and the lint weighed. A sample of the lint of each variety was reserved and carefully wrapped and sent to Mr. C. E. Porter of Opelika, who is an expert classifier of cotton. The names of the varieties were not given Mr. Porter, but the samples merely numbered. Mr. Porter's report, in connection with the following tabulated statement of results, will convey very clearly the comparative merits of the varieties. 104 15 VARIETIES OF COTTON. C) C NAMES OF VARIETIES. a .0 C 1iTruit................ ............ 1.83 2 Cherry's Cluster.................. 3 1.50 1.41 1.58 1.41 1.33 1.41 . . . 1.41 1.83 32 109 1]10 84 102 112 122 78 99 110 32.0OC 30461.00 89.2 il 31. 09b.81 Hawkins' Improved..............1.41 87.00 75.00 30.74 O.79- 4 Welborn's Pet.................... 5 Jones' Improved ..... :.. .......... 6 King's 29.660.8931.05 0.78 80.50 92.00 Improved Prolific ..... 31.520.82 39.5810. 92 7 Okra Cotton....................... 8 79.50 30.810.65 Peerless....................... 72.00 86 50 9 Rameses ....................... 10 Barnett ...................... 11 ZelIner........................ OPELIKA, 28. 610O-87 92.00 30.71 0.83 1.50 101 75.50 30.460 7 received. I send you classification by the New York standard types. No. 1 (Rameses) classes Strict Middling. Staple COL. J. S. NE WMAN, AUBURN, ALA.: Dear Sir-Yours of 22d, also samples, ALA., March 23d, 1889. to five-eighths inch, fibre very weak and irregular. one-half- No. 2 (Truit) classes Middling. Staple thirteen-sixteenths inch, strong but some little waste. No. 3 (Barnett) classes Strict Low Middling. Staple seven-eighths. inch, strong and regular. Excellent spinning. cotton. No. 4 (Jones' Improved) classes Strict Low Middling. Staple one-half to three-fourths inch, irregular but good spinning cotton. No. 5 (Zellner) classes Strict Middling. Staple threefourths inch, strong but a little irregular, with some waste. No. 6 (Okra) classes Strict Low Middling. Staple one-- 105 16 half to thirteen-sixteenths inch, very irregular, weak and a good deal of waste. No. 7 (King's Improved Prolific) classes Strict Low Middling. Staple seven-eighths inch and strong; fibre is very fine, but has some small cracked leaf and some waste. No. 8 (Cherry's Cluster) classes Middling. Staple threefourths inch, very regular and strong, not much waste, good spinning cotton. No. 9 (Hawkins' Improved) classes Middling. Staple thirteen-sixteenths inch, rather weak but fibre is regular; sample has a flimsy appearance. No. 10 (Peerless) classes Strict Middling. Staple thirteensixteenths to' seven-eighths inch, fibre is fine and regular but not very strong. No. 11 (Welborn's Pet) classes Strict Middling. Staple three-fourths inch, not strong, rather irregular and some waste. All of these samples are very well ginned, and well matured, good white cotton. Yours truly, C. E. PORTER. STUDY OF THE SOILS OF THE STATE. For the purpose of studying the needs of the various typical soils of the State, a dozen sacks of the soil and subsoil from localities representing large areas of the State were collected and subjected to chemical and plant analysis. Samples of both soil and subsoil were furnished the chemist, the analyses of which will be found in the report of Dr. N. T. Lupton, chemist, in this Bulletin. Bins were prepared 18 inches broad and wide and 12 inches deep, eight for each soil. In these the subsoil was first deposited and the box then filled with soil, thus restoring somewhat the natural conditions. 106 17 Different elements and combinations of elements of plant food were applied to seven of these bins, the eighth receiving nothing, as-shown in the tabulated statements appended. A cotton plant was grown in each bin and careful observations made of their development and production. All of the soils were not in place until the second week in June, when the seed were planted. Owing to the lateness of the planting a few bins on which the seed failed could not be reported upon, as the second plantings were too late to fruit. The results show very marked differences in the effects of the manures, and valuable suggestions are made by them, but conclusions should not be drawn from a single experiment. Attention is invited to the results in the set in which the Thomas Scoria is used. This is a cheap source of phosphoric acid, which is a by-product from the manufacture of iron. Attention is also invited to the similar effects produced by the fertilizers upon the sandy soils of the State. 2 107 rf I O . X10 SOIL FROM PIKE COUNTY, O O ri o .c ALA. O p O -d r) .U z 1 2 14 0 30. Nov. oz. Sulphate of Ammonia............................ Cotton Seed Hull Ash................. ............... . (No stand) . 1oz. z 20 .Aug. 2 0 100 0.085 0.0425 3 0 1 oz. Acid Phosphate....-....................................... l% oz. Aug. 14. Oct. . Aug. 28. Aug. 17. 6 0 100 0.818 0.101: 3~ oz. Suiph. Ammo. and 0. S. H. Ash..;......... ............... Nov. 10. 31. 1 85.7 0. 712 0.118 85 7 1.45 93.7 1 95 oz. Suiph. Ammo., 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate..o 6 1oz. Suiph. Ammo. and 1 oz. Acid Ph.os............ 14 oz. C. S. H. o.......... 18. Oct. 16. Oct. 12 1E 0. 120 . . Aug. 20. Nov. 12. Aug. 29. 7 1 oz. Acid Phos. and 8 No manure................ Ash .............................. .... 7 0 100 1.04 0.148 (No stand) -P-q _SOIL FROM TALLADEGA COUNTY, ALA. +0 0 1 x,2_ Om 6. 20 9 20 14 15 1 16 12 0 0 100 100 4 ' 3 oz. Sulphate of Ammonia................. ............... ................ ................. Aug. 9.'1 Oct. 12.1 Oct. 2 2 oz. Cotton Seed Hull Ash. Aug. 13.1Oct. 14. . Aug. 2.294 0. 114 0 0.927 2.46 2.13 2.10 0.123 0.152 0.140 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate .................. 0 ........................... 2. 0 100 0. 100 0 100 3 oz. 3 oz. Ammo. and r oz. C. S. H. Ash......................... Suiph.AAmmo., 14 oz. C. S. H.?Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate..... Suiph. . Aug. 15.1 Oct. 18. Aug. 10.1 Oct. 23. . Aug. 17.1 Oct. 6 3 oz. Suiph. Ammo. and 1 oz. Acid 7.1 oz. Acid Phos. and 14 Phosphate........................ ................ 30.9. 0 100 0 100 0 100 2.291 0.143 1.70 1.77 0.10E 0.147 oz. C. S. H. Ash ............ . Aug. 14.1Oct. 8 -1- manure......................................................... No Y 'II II ~ II ii ~ I Aug. 19.4Oct. 26. i p SOIL FROM NEAR LIVINGSTON, SUMTER Co., ALA. ....... ....... oa 10 r.o o 0 12 7 a3 ~ 1 2 % oz. Sulphate of Ammonia . oz, Cotton Seed Hull ........................ Aug. Aug. 6. Sept. 28. 0 100 0 100 2.04 0.170 0.809 0.1155 Ash. ...................................... 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate ............................................. 4~ 4% 5 Aug. Aug. Aug. oz. Suiph. Ammo. and %~ oz. C. S. H. Ash.......................... oz. Suiph. Ammo., 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz: Acid Phos ............ 9. Oct. 15. Oct. 9. Oct. 7.jOct.- 9.Oct. 8. 8. 14. 8. 9 13 14 0 100 0 100 0 100 1.37. 0.1522 2.19 0.168 .2.06 0.147 0 6 % .oz. Sulph. Ammo. and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate ............ ............. ......... ................ Aug. Aug. Aug. 1. Sept. 26. 5.4Sept. 27. 3. 32 22 1 96.9 4.13 0.129 0 100 4.16 0.189 7 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and 8 No 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash.................. manure............ ........................... 33, 0 1001 4.20 0.127 00 -40 4.0C w0 0 0bON SANDY SOIL FROM NEAR' CITRONELLE, MOBILE 0 Co., ALA. 0 do4 1 oz. '% Sulphate of Ammonia ...................... (Failed to get a stand) ............... ..... ........... . 2.14 oz. Cotton Seed Hull Ash.......................................... 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate ........................................ . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. Aug. 22. Nov. 3. ....... .. .. . . . 3 7 5 20 7 8 .. .. 0 0 100 100 0.283 0.0943 0.748 .Aug. 15. Oct. 4 4% oz. Sulph. Ammo. anid%oz. C. S.1H.Ash... .Aug. 14. Oct. 8.Oct. . .... 18. 0.1068 0.149, 19. 0 0 0 0 ,. 100 100 100 100 0.720 0.144 5% oz. Sulph. Ammo.. % oz. 0. S. H. Ash, and 1.oz Acid Phosphate........ Aug. 5 6 67. 14 oz. Suiph. Ammo. and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate ....... ..................... ....... Aug. 16. Oct.30 5. Sept. 29. 29 ... 0.7390.1055 1.28 0.160 .. 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash.......... ....... ... Aug. 1. 8 No manure. .. ............. (Failed to get a stand) ... -' - _ "WORN SOIL" FROM NEAR AUBURN, ALA. 1 1 oz. Sulphate of Ammonia.....................................Aug. 14. Oct. 14. 6. Oct. Aug. 10. 12 6 6 0 100 0 100 0 100 1.33 0.1108 0.5610.0935 1.02 0.170 2 14 oz. Cotton Seed Hull'Ash.,.........................................Aug. 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate.................... 4 %~ oz. Suiph. Ammo, and 5 6 14 14 .......................... oz. C. S. H. Ash ....................... ..... 20. Oct. 31. Aug. 16. Oct. 29. 16. 16. 18 5 4 0 100 0 100 0 106 oz. Suiph. Ammo., 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate......... Aug. 17. Oct. Aug. '0 2.55 0.141 7210.144 14 oz. Sulph. Ammo. and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate 14 ........................... ........ ................... 18. Oct. 0.673 0.168 7 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and oz. C. S. H. Ash............................. Aug. 7. Sept. 29. 8. 21 8 0 100 1 3.18 0.151 8 No manure................................. Aug. 14.Oct. 88.8 0.9200.115 VIRGIN SOIL FROM NEAR AUBURN, ALA. 0 O00 0O Qi 1 1 oz. Sulphate of Ammonia ......................................... 2 14 Aug. 18. Aug. Oct. Oct. 18. 7. 6 4 0 1 100 80 oz. Cotton Seed Hull Ash........................................ 8. 0.5680-0946 0.3830 0957 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate.............................................. 4 1oz. 1oz. Aug. 10. Sept. 27. Aug. 17. Aug. . ......... ...... Oct. 7. 10 9 0 0 100 100 0.965 00965 0. 989 0. 109 0.66010.060 1.01 0.0909 Suiph. Ammo. and 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash........................... Sulph. Ammo., %. oz. C. S. H. Ash, and I oz. Acid Phosphate.... ........... ... 9. Sept. 28. 9. Sept.23. 7 .jOct. 7. 11 11. 3 0 0 0 100 100 100 6 14 oz. Suiph. knrno. and~ 1 oz. Acid Phosphate..... ................... 14 Aug. . Aug. 7 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and 8 No manure oz. C. S. H. Ash. ..... .............. 0.8540.184 0.440,0.110 .......................... r Aug. 15 Oct. 9. 4 0 100 CC r12 -~ r.." 1 ~C. RED SOIL O ~..C } FROM . Cd a -- ' NEAR DADEVILIAE, TALLAPOOSA CO., ALA. 00 0 O4- C H O~ z O ~.CQ 0 oz. Sulphate of Ammonia 14 ........................................ ci O40 I 2 3 \ug. 15. Oct. 18. ........ r........... 5 9 15 0 100 0 100 0 100 0.663 0.132 0.909 0.101 1.93 2.21 0.128 0.170 0.145 0.156 0.126 0.106 oz. Cotton Seed hull Ash. .... ............. ..... ,..... Aug. 10. Oct. . 6 6 3. 1 oz. Acid Phosphate....... 1oz. 1oz. ................ 14 oz. 14 ........ Aug. Aug. 5. Oct. 9. 3. Ocet. Ammo. Sulph., and Ammo. Suiph., C. S. H. Ash................. .. ....... . 13i 0 100 18 0 100 oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate .... Aug. Aug. . Aug. . Sept. 27. 2.61 3.29 6 14 oz. Ammo. Suiph. and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate......................... 14 8. Sept. 27. 3. 21 22 10 0 100 1 7 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and 8 No manure....... .. oz. C. S. H. Ash........................... ... ............................... Sept. 27. 95.6 2.78 1.06 ........... Aug. 15. Oct. 14. 0 100 _ _ . . q - - ry4 0 r ., '. U2 N _SANDY SOIL FROM NEAR BADEVILLE, TALLAPOOSA Co., ALA. OO 0 O0 4-4 O w O0 "P-4 04 zA 1 % oz. Sulphate of Ammonia....................... 2 1/ oz. Cotton Seed Hull Ash.....,......... 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate ................................. 4 %~ oz. Ammo. Sulph. and %~ oz. C. S. H. Ash ................ .- A (Failed to get a stand.) ...... ............. .............. ......... Q " 4-D H 0 O ..... . 5 .............. Aug. 14. Nov. 10. Aug. 11.Oct. 15. Aug. 2 74.1 0.885 0.177 0 100, 0 100 0.619 6 25 18 0.124 0.122 0.114 5, 1 oz. Ammo. Sulph., 6 14 14 oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate........ Aug. Aug. Aug. oz. Ammo. Suiph. and I oz. Acid Phosphate........................ 14 9. Oct. 11. Oct. 12. Oct. 7. 18. 10. 6. 3.05 1 94.7 2.05 1 92.3 0 100 1.28 3.07 12 21 7 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and oz. C. S. H. Ash ........................... 4. Oct. 0.107 0.141 8 No manure.............. ........... ...................... ....... _Aug. 18. Nov. 3. 31 71 75 0.298 0 09 0 O0 "r 0 o 0 0 P00 O 0 SOIL FROM NEAR UNIoNTowN, PERRY Co., ALA. 0'e z I C0 .0 . C U N2 4 oz. Sulphate of Ammonia.......... oz. Cotton Seed Hull ............. . ... .... ............. . Aug. 9. Oct. .. . ....... 8. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1.05 0.116 0. 395 0. 0987 0 634 0.0792 1.27 0.115 C) 2 4 Ash..:... ........ Aug. 12. Oct. 10. 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate ............... r-L4 .......................... Aug. 10. Oct. 8. 4 6 7 8 I oz. Ammo. Sulph. and I oz. C. S. H. Ash ......................... . Aug. 8. Oct. 3. 6 1. oz. Ammo. Suiph., - oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate............. . Aug. 7. Oct. Ammo. Suiph. and 1 oz. 1 01 0.101 0.875 0.0795 4.12 0.147 2.11 0.117 4oz. Acid-Phosphate ............................ . . .... ... .. .. .. .. .. . . Aug. 11. Oct. 1 oz. Acid Phosphate and4 oz. C. S. H. Ash. ........... . ... No manure........ Aug. 7. Sept. 29. Aug. 6. Sept. 30. ...................................... 16 -M0. 44 '4S 001-. ad~O 0 0I o L.o OLSFO ULE ONY0AA C4-4 w z MIE CS Zo 00 N0w 1 2 oz. Sulphate of Ammonia................................. . ....... :............ ....... Aug. 17. Oct. 24 .Aug. Aug. 9 9 35 0 100 4 3 0.793 0.0891 1~oz. Cotton Seed Hull Ash ................................... ...... 19. Oct. ......... 21. 69.2 1.72 0.191 92.1 4.68 0.133 3 1 oz. Acid Phosphate.......................... ...................... 7. Oct. 18 4 5 oz., Suiph. Ammo. and I oz. C. S. H. Ash.......................... 4 oz. Suiph. Ammo., 4 oz. C. S. H. Ash, and 1 oz. Acid Phosphate........ Phosphate.. .................. (No stand) ...... ...... 23 29 26 0 100 5 .......... . .. .. . .Aug. 13 Oct. 10. .... .. 2.73 0 118 6 4 oz. Sulph. Ammo. and 1 oz. Acid o................. Aug. 11. Oct. 15. 10. 85.2 3.71 0.127 3.38 0.130 2 30 0.153 7 1 oz..Acid Phosphate and 4 oz. C. S. H. Ash........... .. .. . Aug.- 7. Oct. Au g.. 0 100 0 100 S No manure...... ............................................................... NOTE.-For' description and analysis of these soils, see report of Chemist in this Bulletin. Oct. 29. 15, 0 WORN SOIL FROMt AUBURN, ALA. )0 m 40 0 0 oC3 ? 0 0 .aH z 1 1 oz. Thomas Scoria.... ................................. ........... . A A Zo ~ 100 100 100 100 100 000 Aug. 16. Oct. 15. Sept. 5.Oot. 2. 5. 0.591 0.0656 0.203 0.1015 0.333 0.111 0.422 0.1406 0.909 0 1296 00I 2 1 lb. Marl. ............................................................... 3 1 lb. Marl and oz. Ammonium Sulphate ............................ 4 oz. Sulph. Ammo....................... ...... . . Sept. 7. Oct. 1 oz. Thomas Scoria and Aug. 24. Nov. .. 4. a0 5 1 oz. Thomas Scoria andj oz. Cotton Seed Meal............... ............... 6 No manure .................................................... .......... Sept. 3. Nov. 26 Sept. 3. 29 FEEDING PIGS FOR PORK PRODUCTION. Six Essex pigs, 12 to 14 months old, that had grown fat upon field peas, ground peas and sweet potatoes, gleaned from the fields, were put into separate pens on the 17th December, 1888, and each given as much corn as he would eat, as a preparatory period to detect individual peculiarities and to learn accurately the producing powerof--whole corn fed wet. The pigs were already fat enough when put up, and by the second period, in which each was fed differently as shown in the accompanying tabulated statement, were excessively fat. This being true, their capacity for laying on additional fat was reduced. The gradually diminishing ratio of increase from the first to the last period indicates that the profits of feeding diminish with increased fatness. This is especially shown in No. 1, which was fed continuously upon corn. It would not be just to make any charge for the ground peas, field peas, sweet potatoes or buttermilk, since these as ordinarily consumed by hogs on the farm are waste products, which would be largely lost if no.t consumed by swine. This is especially true of the ground peas, sweet potatoes and field peas which are gleaned from the fields by swine and converted into pork. The condition of the pigs when fed upon these products renders a repetition of the experiment upon pigs not so far advanced in fatness. A box with a trap door at each end, and a sliding door to each pen, renidered weighing very convenient without unnecessary excitement to the pig. An attempt was made in the second .period to feed cotton seed meal, but the pig refused to eat it. The pigs were butchered 21st January. Gross and net weight of each is given in the tabulated statement. To ascertain the loss sustained in curing, the hams from each pig were weighed before salting, when taken up for hanging, and 28th March, after being smoked for 34 days, with results shown in accompanying table. 119 30 EXPERIMENTS WITH ' SWINE, TO COMPARE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEED STUTFFS. I ~ I FOOD EATEN. I rn ir~ rr 0 ~OMPA4 0 4- 4z. 14 0 0 O U C) a0 80.0 O 0 First Period-iS m~ 4- Cr r12 186.7 23 dlbs days. O 0 0o 0w. 00 o21 1I 0 LII I / lbs. 119.2 lbs. Corn.. 119.2 134.8 119.2 134.8 "... lbs. 221 lbs. 38 lbs. 3.13 ha218 ...... 183 188 ... 25020 ... .... 222.5 34.5 3.45 34.5 3 90 29 40 26 4.11 337 4.58 28 78.4 21016 1176 " 161 5 196 173 207 174 202 217 200 79.5 2167.25 2 23250 " . . .. .. . ... . 77.0 81.8 80.7 « ".... " 119.2 SECOND PERIOD-15 days. 1 116 lbs. corn...............221 2 79 3 246 4 92 " " " 246 25 4.64............ ......... peas...............222.5236 potatoes............196 ground peas.........202 211 212 276 212 13.5 5.85 15 10 29 12 16.44............... 9.20 3.24............... 32.75........... ... . 5 42 gr. peas, 81 lbs. corn. 247 6 129 lbs. potatoes, 264 butt'rmilk 200 120 EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE-TO FOOD EATEN. COMPARE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEED STUFFS-Continued. I r . r r 0 ~ 4Q 0 .~ O 0 O WEIGHT OF HAMS. ~g LEA z 0 THIRD 0A PERIOD-(6 Days.) 0 g3 '0 kt4-4 0 -- D v .0 b 00 P4 0 1- lbs. 1 48 lbs. lbs. 250 4 238 ~2 lbs. lbs. lb. oz. lb. oz. lb. oz. lb. oz. 12 18 17 816 15 13 42.4 14 34.5 21 35.33 14 6 15 8 13 2 13 0 20 6 13 415 013 012 612 218 1213 4 2 4 corn....................................................... peas .. 246 236 36" .... .................................................... ................. ........... ...................... 10 1 12 0 1 120 4 5 6 "potatoes.. 211 212 . 210 i loss . 217 5 284 8 218 6 8 6 . 36 « ground peas................................................... 24" 60" 1 6 1 12 5 2 11 U 1 ground peas and 36 lbs. corn................................. potatoes and 120 lbs. buttermilk ........ ................ . 276 212 32 TURNIPS. KEEPING QUALITIES OF VARIETIES. Twenty-five varieties of turnips, grown last fall, were gathered and banked in the open ground December, 1888, covered with pine straw, corn stalks and earth, as sweet potatoes are banked. .All were opened 28th March, 1889, and the following notes made after a careful examination : VARIETIES. Amber Globe Strap-leaf........ Aberdeen, or Scotch Yellow....... cow Horn..................... Early white Egg . ".".... ....... CONDITION. Partly rotted and pithy. Sound hut pithy. Sound, brittle and sweet. Rotted. Early Snowball...... ............ Sound but very pithy. Early Flat Dutch Strap-leaf ... Sound but slightly pithy. Earliest Bloomsdale Red-top .... Golden Rose.. .. ".."."."". Sound but very pithy. Landreth's Snow White Globe.. Pithy and commencing to rot. Large Early Red-top Globe........ Badly rotted. Milan Strap-leaf.................. Pithy but sound. Rotted. Norfolk"....................." Purple-top Strap-leaf ........... . Very pithy but sound. Sound hut very pithy. Purple-top Munich....... . Pomerarian White Globe Strap-leaf,. Rotted. White Globe Strap-leaf............ Pithy and beginning to rot. White Globe.. ................... " Rotted. White Stone.................... Rotted. IUTA Bloomsdale Swede Imp'd Purple Champion Improved Yellow Purple-top......... Long French.................... Prussian. .......................... Swede. .... BAGAS. Pithy and heginning to rot. Sound but pithy. ............ Sound and brittle-perfect. « " " "6 66 4C « Sweet German................. ... White fesh'd Purple-top White Swede The yield of these varieties was reported in Bulletin No. 3, New Series. 122 33 DESCRIPTION OF BARNS AND DAIRY-FEEDING EXPERIMENTS. FIRST ASSISTANT AGRICULTURIST, IN STOCK. BY ISAAC Ross, CHARGE OF DAIRY AND LIVE This being the first report since the establishment of this department, I deem it not amiss to give to the public a short description, of the plan of the Barn, Dairy, Ice House, &c. The barn for the cattle is built of yellow pine, 40 by 60 feet, 9 feet from floor to joist; through the middle and running the long way is an alley, or passage, 8 feet wide and floored. On the right, as you enter the barn from the front, is an office 10 by 12 feet, furnished with desk, table, chairs, clock, stove, etc., on the lett, a room of the same size, containing three feed-bins with tight covers, and scales for weighing milk. This room is also used for the milkers to prepare themselves for milking. On either side of the alley there are nine stalls 4 ft. wide; in rear of, and running the entire length of the stalls, is a waste trough to catch both liquid and solid manure, and by the use of an absorbent all is saved. At the end of the alley is a large comfortable box-stall for calving cows. The floor is of cement from outer walls to feed trough, and sliding glass windows are on both sides. There are two large doors in the back end of the barn through which the cattle enter, and double doors in front with ventilator overhead, thus securing plenty of fresh air during summer, and warm stable during the winter. The building is neatly painted. The dairy is built of same material as barn, except in the rear where cutting into the side of a hill rendered a brick wall necessary. It is 16 by 20 feet, 10 feet from floor to ceiling, with partition across the long way, thus dividing the building into two rooms. The front room is used for churn3 123 34 ing, working butter, moulding and shipping; the other and smaller room is used for the creamer and vat, and in one end of this apartment is the cold storage room for butter. The walls of the dairy have a six-inch dead air space, lined on inside with two thicknesses of plank, with buildingpaper between; floor cemented, and a terra cotta drain-pipe running fifty feet off. The double doors and windows are covered with wire gauze. Adjoining the dairy is the brick ice house, vith the capacity of a car load of ice. The walls are 20 inches thick with dead air space. The dairy is supplied with all the latest improved dairy apparatus for butter making. On the outside and near the west wall is a number one well of pure clear water, with pump, water tank and pipes connecting the same with creamer on inside. Like the barn, this building is neatly painted. Total cost of cattle barn, dairy and ice house is $800. At a convenient distance from the cattle barn are located the feed grinding and cutting rooms, 50 by 60 feet. In one end is the Silo of 35 tons capacity. The entire machinery is run by steam power. Next in order comes the cattle, 27 head-13 A. J. C. 0. Jersey cows of the best butter blood grace the barn. Two Jersey bulls, one Holstein bull calf, with Jersey calves and yearlings, constitute the remainder. The first bull, Ida's Stoke Pogis 2d, is sired by Ida's Stoke Pogis, out of Duchess of Bloomfield 2d, a daughter of the great Tormentor. He is closely related to every cow with an official test of 30 pounds of butter in 7 days-a combination through the best butter channels of St. Lambert and Coomasse. The second bull is Signal Ransom, sired by Dunraven (a son of Tenella), out of Edwina 2d, a daughter of Edwina. As his name indicates, he is an inbred Signal, and, judging from his calves, he is the equal of his breeding. The practical work of the dairy began on December 1st, 1888, beginning with 10 cows, 3 coming fresh since; two of the herd are heifers with first calves, two now being dried 124 35 off, two more to calve in May. Young calves born since December 1st fed principally upon whole milk. The change incident to moving the cattle from one farm to another placed the herd at a very great disadvantage for the first 30 days. Jersey cows are extremely sensitive to any sudden change, as all great dairy cows should be, and are possessed of a nervous temperament. The output of the dairy fias been within a small fraction of a pound of butter per day for each cow; apparently a small yield, but one half 'the herd has been doing the greater part of it; no forcing, but good feed and proper care of the animals. All are and have beenr in most excellent condition, and their almost silken coats in midwinter must be largely dtie to the 3 lbs. of cotton seed meal each is getting per day. In addition to this, we are now feeding daily one-third each of ground oats, corn meal and bran, or 10 lbs. per day (by weight)-15 to 20 lbs. of ensilage and 4 to 6 lbs. of hay, divided into two teeds. Three cows now undergoing an experiment are fed differently, Our experience in creaming milk as between the Cooley Creamer and DeLaval Separator is limited, the Separator having been in use only for a short while. After the few trials that have been made, I can see but little difference in the results I am aware that in all the great dairy centers where large quantities of milk are gathered, and from many of the different breeds of dairy cattle, the superiority of machine creaming is unquestioned, or that the plape for the machine is at the butter factory. For the small farmer or dairyman, those more particularly who are so fortunate as to have on their farms cold springs of running water the year round, and where the cow and the creamer bding very near each other, the milk set to the best advantage-which is warm,-thus situated and under, these conditions, I do not think as yet that the question has been decided in favor of the Separator. Here at the Station we shall strive to give each system or method during the year a fair and impartial test-side by side, and after repeated trials (one of two being of no value), we will be much better prepared to 125 36 give an opinion than at present. We do not know which is the superior, or the most profitable. 'Experiments with- Prof. Short's method of determining the butter fats in milk are in progress, and will be reported the next Bulletin. The following summary of the work of the.dairy may be of interest to dairymen: in o MONTH. Pounds Pounds Milk. Butter. I4 o ots. ts 1888. December. ...... .4,113 1889. January.............5,201 February ............ 4,8312 275 302" 3014 14.94 19c. 35c. net. 96 105 25 96 17.17, 16.01" 105 61 Ten cows in 20th, and' since with their first two due to calve dairy from December 1st to February then thirteen ; two. of which are heifers calves ; two cows being dried off, and in May.; and the whole herd have been bred and are believed to be safe in calf. "fed to the calves sold at 15 cents per gallon ; buttermilk not fed to the hogs sold 10 cents per gallon at the dairy. -at All skim-milk not 126 EXPERIMENTS IN CATTLE FEEDING, AS, ORDERED',BY THE DIRECTOR. COWS-FOOD CONSUMED IN FOURTEEN DAYS. YIELD OF MILK AND BUTTER. rC 0 FIRST PERIOD. 1. ... .. ... ............ ............ .14 14 14 463 463 46 YIELD n 0C W m rol 26 3 .. 240 38 142 bs . oz . No. 1. 2. 3. Hattie Signal 2d................... Kate Hazen ........... Lady Toorner ... .................. ... 463 463 463 463 463 463 AND 238....... 448. 14.13 155 10 4 .... COWS-FOOD CONSUMED IN FOURTEEN DAYS. OF' BUTTER _0 MILK. mom' SECOND PERIOD. CC IM C No. 1. 2. 3. Hattie Signal 2d Kate Hazen....... Lady Toorner.............................. .......... *14 . ..... lbs. 463 463 463 463 463 463 463 463 463 42 42 ... .42 oz. 364.......288. "... 84 154 ... 16 252 143 16 6 11 4 ................... . . *14 14 8 For analysis of feed stuffs see report of Chemist in this Bull 38 FEEDING EXPERIMENT. A preparation period of seven days preceded each feeding experiment, during which no note was made of yield, this period being intended 'to bring the animal under the influence of the new food and insure exemption from the effects of the previous food. During the first seven days all of the cows were fed upon the same food and subjected to the. same environments in every respect, for the purpose of detecting individual peculiarities. The food being tested was increased or diminished in quantity given, as the appetite of the cows seem to require. In the first period each cow ate 140 lbs. of bran, ground oats and corn meal mixed,- or 10 lbs. per day. In addition to this, No. 1 was fed 238 lbs. ensilage, No. 2, 448 collards, and No. 3. 308 lbs. rye. In second period the grain ration was continued as above, and added to this 42 lbs. cotton seed meal to each cow; for No. 1 the ensilage was continued, but increased to 364 lbs., and for Nos. 2 and 3 clover hay and Johnson grass was substituted in place of collards and rye. 'See table. Cows Nos. 1 and 2 four years old; No. 3 two year old heifer with first calf. 128 39 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST. The work in the Chemical Laboratory during the present quarter has embraced a variety of commercial fertilizers, feed stuffs, dairy products, and miscellaneous substandes, with results as given below. The methods of analysis adopted at the fifth annual convention of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, held at the United States Department of Agriculture August 9th and 10th, 1888, have been strictly followed. The rates of valuation for commercial fertilizers in Alabama, as fixed for the present season, are as follows: 7j cents per pound. Water Soluble Phosphoric Acid, Citrate Nitrogen, Potash, - " - " - " -. " 19 5 " " " " Relative commercial values are intended as indicators to farmers and planters of the comparative agricultural and practical values of different fertilizers, and they will be found to be a safe guide in making purchases. 129 PHOSPHATES WITH NITROGEN -AND POTASH. PHOSPHORIC ACID. 0 _________ 4NAME OF FERTILIZER. 0 zt BY WHOM SENT. 0 - -N 0 ~ 0 w 0 __ 0 _z 1185. Guanaco Guano................... 1136. Etiwan Guano...... ............... N. H. Holmes, Montgomery, Ala .,... Etiwan Phos. Co., Charleston, S. C. Walton, Whann & Co., Wilmington, Del... 8.08 0.79 2.49 1.96 1. $22. 6C 4.94 4.07 5.38 1.96 1.77 22.92 4.80 5.39 1138. Plow Brand Rawbone Superphosphate. Reliance Am. Superphosphate....... 4.62 4.40 2.10 2.39 24.71 4.00u4.95 1 82 1.8 23.25 1140. Etiwan Am. Superphosphate.......... 1141. Clark's Soluble Guano.............. . 1142. 1143. Southern Am. Dis. Etiwan Phos. Co., Charleston, S. C . .. 5.52 8 58 8.87 8.44 8.42 4 50 4.90 1.54 1.91 22,94 0.82 'Southern Phos. Co., Atlanta, Ga....... 0.65 2.31 2.80 25.99 Bone,.... ....... 0.18 0.95 2.69 2.48 26.56E 1.26 0.74 2.24 2.48 25.7 1.00 0.72 2.41 2.70 26.-3 1.03 0.70. 2.31 2 45 26.0 5.10 4.40 2.17 2.15 25.31 5.89 4.21 1.54 2.04 26.37 Old Dominion Guano................... 1145. Potent Pacific Guano................. . 1146. Samana (Guano.........:...-........ . . 1153. Plow. Brand............. ............ 1154.. Am. Dis. Bone......................... W. 8.73 F. Yandiver & Co., Montgomery, Ala 4.70 6.33 1155. Reliance............ 1157. Lister's Harvest 1158. Lister's Standard Queen. .............. .. 4.76 Lister's Ag. & Ch. Works, Baltimore, Md.. 8.21 8.25 8.08 4.443.763.081.67 27.48 2.391.741.681.79. 24.24 ............... Phosphate........... 3.811.362.171.58 9.443.932-730.53 28.14 1159. Lister's A. D. Bone ..................... 1160. Lister's Celebrated Ground Bone......"" 1161. Perfect Guano 1164. Crown Guano... ................ Troy Fertilizer Co., Troy, Ala......... 3.401.461.961.65 26.51 26.29 0.64 7.02 4.60 1.323.502.31 1.50 23.01 5.00 4.97 2.312.17 25.57 2.53 7.37 4.20 0.34 26.51 ...................... Treadwell, Abbott & Co., Atlanta, Ga. N. H. Holmes, Montgomery, Ala....... J. J. Woodall, Hartselle, Ala. 1170. Gro'und Am. Bone ....................... S1172. 'Fertilizer" . ... ................... 2.49 1.210.141.616.09 17.91 -A1173. 1174. Harvest Queen......................John T. Davis, Jr., Columbia, Ala.. A m. 9.63 8.98 1.590.831.82 2.11 21.03 4 170.881.912.46 2c.62 2.613.052.132.30 26.57 Dis. Bone............................. Rasin Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, 1175. Am. Guano........ ................ Md..... 8.04 1176. Soluble Pacific Guano.............. 1179. Niagnet_ Soluble Guano . ............... Frank S. Roberts, Mobile, Ala ......... .Davis, Marshall & Co., Mobile, Ala.. . 6.14 3.82 3.10 2.83 2.031.98 23.75 3.343.362 662.2.9 2 1.40 3 931.271.821.46 22.36 1.43 2.951752.40 22.55 1.361.911.61 1181. Am. Dis. Bone......... ......-....... .. Treadwell, Abbott & Co., Atlanta, Ga.. 1184. 1186. Georgia State Stan. Am. Superphosphate... Hammond, Hull 5.28 7.14 & Co., Port Royal, S. C... Am._ Dis. Bone................. ....... «cc 8.08 [.46 "84 28. 1187. Hammond, Hull & Co's -Animal Bone.."" 4.881.615.395-.32- 45.79 PHOSPHATES WITH NITROGEN AND POTASH--Continued. PHOSPHORIC ACID. NAME OF FERTILIZER. BY WHOM SENT. c I ~ _ Z i ~ . , , r , P f c0 f 1209. Fertilizer (light color)................ 1210.. " Frank P. Kelly, Troy, Ala.....:..... .. . 2.16 1.01 2.52 1.04 0350.43$ 8.80 2.99 0. 660.280.27 7.44 (dark color)................ Ed. F. McKinnon, Inverness, Ala. 1211.. Pike County Guano................. S1212.. Eddystone Guano................... 1213. Fertilizer.......................... 1214.. Coweta High Grade .................. 1215.. Aurora Am. Phosphate........... .... 1224.. Fertilizer ......... ,.................. 3.80 5.43 5.73 1.95 2.481.58 25.54 5.15 1.57 2.621.90 -28.00 3.01 1. 0.770.96 13.11 Frank P. Kelly, Troy, Ala............ . Coweta Fertilizer Co., Newnan, Ga.... . Ed. CC CC 3.10 10.31 8.98 0.98 0.67 2.591.65 28.68 F., McKinnon, Inverness, Ala...... . 3.26 9.17 1225.. Georgia State Grange Fertilizer........ . 0. W. Cooper & Co., Oxford, Ala...:... 2.24 4.95 4.07 2.801.50 1.05 1.83 2.06 25.83 24.73 1.77 2.71 1.92 2.16 26.07 2.76 3.72 2.201.61 24.61 4.28 1.43 1.400.74 15.57 1226.. Eutaw Fertilizer..................... . Ashepoo; Phosphate Co., Charleston, S. C.. 4.68 1.97 1227 ... Fertilizer........................... . G. W. Braswell, Perote, Ala............ . 1229.. Baugh's Rawbone V , Phosphate........... . 0. I W. Cooper &Co., Oxford, Ala*...... .7.73 3.28 3.83 2.380.51 25.30 ACID PHOSPHATES. PHOSPHOIC ACID. CL NAME OF FERTILIZER. +~ ~ d I i BY WHOM SENT. -av 1137.. XX Acid Phosphate..... ............. Etiwan Phos. Co., Charleston, S. C......... 11.69 14.55 11.04 7.36 10.26 10.46 9.17 12.36 10.36 2.80 0.74 3.17 3.23 $21.73 1144... Southern Acid Phosphate............... 1162.. Acid Phosphate... 1166.. "Frtlier"Fe.tili.er". ............... Southern Phosphate Co., Atlanta, Ga..... Troy Fertilizer Co., Troy, Ala............ J. W. Havil, Troy, Ala................. M. T. Traywick, Opelika, Ala ........... . 1.35 22.93 4.72 2.1.31 .................. 3.371 3.43 16.23 2.72 2.19 2.28 0.06 2.96 3.58 19.47 3.47 19.02 5.02 17.19 2.0 19.44 0.33 20.08 1167.. "Phosphate"......................... 1168.. "Phosphate" .......................... 1180.. Phosphate Gossippia.................... . Troy Fertilizer Co., Troy, Ala............ 1185.. Georgia State Stan. Acid Phos.............. Hammond, Hull & Co., Port Royal, S. C. 1193" Phosphate No. 1............. ........... 1194.. 1195.. 1196.. " . C. D. Worman, Montgomery, Ala......... No.2. (wet)................... . Harmony Alliance, Skelton, Ala.......... . A. 9.48 2 34 0.12 -17.73 11.94 12.26 2.23 1.71 0.23 21.25 0.25 20.95 English Acid Phosphate............... . G. Miller, Skelton, Ala................. ACID PHOSPHATES--Continued. PHOSPHORIC ACID. 0 NAME OF FERTILIZER. BY WHOM SENT. Q z L " 0 1207.. Phosphate.......................... 1208.. PhosphatiC Nodules in Rotten Limestone. 1218.. Phosphate. .......................... S1219. . Phosphatic rock.................... 1221.. Phosphatic rock (brown)............... ... 1222.. (blue).................... S. B. Shivers, Selma, Ala................ J. F. Wiatt, Coatopa, Ala............... L. D. Cox, Tuskegee, Ala ............... 11.05 1.0OC 4.32 12.63 2.91 2.72 $20.94 6.13 S. B. Shivers & Co., Selma, Ala.......... Columbus Fertilizer Co., Columbus, Ga .... 18.41 24.16 1228.. Acid Phosphate.......... .............. 1230.. Keystone Concentrated Phosphate.......... 1231... Acid Phosphate........ ... ............. . 0. W. Cooper & Co., Oxford, Ala.......... . W. F. Vandiver & Co., Montgomery, Ala. S. A. Lowery, Evergreen, Ala............. . 3.99 5.99 3.90 14.97 .'"'08 24.72 21.79 12.72 1.441 0.62 4 08 2 '.24 1232.-. Raw Phosphate.......................... . W. H. Newman, Uniontown, Ala...... .... I . MISCELLANEOUS FERTILIZERS. PHOSPHORIC ACID. 0 _______ NAME OF FERTILIZER. o BY WHOM SENT. °4-4 C jz o o o Commercial value. 1147 Amnonium Sulphate....... 1148 Sodium Nitrate........ 1149 Muriate of Potash......... S1150 Vtc J. S. Newman, Auburn, Ala........... . Iphate.................ma 20.44 13.51 37o I0.3 .............. 48.77 12.38 11.36 K ~sb................ ... ............. ainit No. 1............. " 1151 No.2... ......... 1 . . 1152 China Berries............... 1156 Swan Island Guano ...... .. Davis, Marshall & Co., Mobile, Ala ..... 1.61 14.75 . 0.43 7.61 27.78 1163 Phosphatic Rock..........:... Troy Fertilizer Co., 1165 Cotton Seed Meal:....... 1169 Kainit...... ... ......... N. H. Troy, Ala .......... Holmes, Montgomery, Ala .... .. . 7.00 3.44 1.88 11.75 Davis, Marshall & Co., Mobile, Ala.. . Tinsley Fertilizer Co., Selma, Ala....... Hammond, Hull & Co., Port Royal, S. C... 9 96 1171 Phosphatic Marl.:.... .... 1182, Kainit................ . . 12.68 ... ... .. MISCELLANEOUS FERTILIZERS-Continued. PHOSPHORIC ACID. .2. Cd NAME OF FERTILIZER. BY WHOM SENT. Commercial -1- el _ Ic _q , 0 v lu . a e 1188 Swan Island Guano ........ 1190 Cotton Seed Hull Ash.... 1205 Bat Manure ............... S1206 1220 Natural . Frank S. Roberts, Mobile, Ala........... Zimmerman Bros., Mobile, Ala....... . Hon. R. F. Kolb, Montgomery, Ala.... cc 0.94 14.49 6.20 ... 10.04 23.73 8.82 0.3 ... 5.20 0.11 2.12 Phosphate.......... . ~cc ...................................... 13.01 2.12 9.52 Carh. Lime " ' Miarl.................. Marl................ G. W. Creagh, Suggsville, Ala....... W. F. Vandiver & 1223 Shell Co., Montgomery, cc Ala... 27.65 ...................................... 90.23 1233 Kainit................. . 1234 Cotton Seed Meal........... . 1235 Cotton Seed Hull Ash., vim W. H. Newman, Uniontown, Ala........ cc C...... 11.00 7.14 3.23 1.69 .................................. 10.96 28. 171 ....................................... .... s MISCELLANEOUS FERTILIZERS-Continued. Station No. 1189-Land Plaster, W. F. Vandiver & Co., Montgomery, Ala. Moisture and Water of Combination.... 21.15 per cent. " " Calcium Oxide (Lime)...I............32 82 Sulphuiric Acid (S. Oz.)............45.95 Total............................99.92 Station Nos. 119-1204-Phosphatic No. 1. Nodules, J. M. Carter, Olustee, Pike County,. Ala. 2. 0.34 Phosphoric Acid ........... 6.57 18.88 3. 4. 1.67 5. 0.18 6. 0.08 7. 13.38 Numbers 1, 2 and 7 consist of Shells and Phosphatic Nodules, which are quite valuable if found in large quantities. ANAL~YSES OF FEED STUFFS FROM THE EXPERIMENTjSTATION.. w U 0 U W 0C CU Water,...... .... Ash......... ....................... :....:... . 7.015 13 .965 1.824 42 587 2.937 1.290 85.764 ,8.477 10.555 12.808 14.148 61 .250 11 564 60. 932 7 1 . 5 18 6.475 8.218 3.122 4.668 5.492 4.174 1.202 3 788 0.997 0.521 3.444 8.398 1.279 6:037 2.430 1.818 3.215 1.257 4.606 7.083 1.550 0.749 5.7441 1.812 4.381 ..................... Ether Extract (Fats and Oils)....... ...... E.. Crude Protein (Albuminoids).... ..... 26.698 21. 025 47.719 14. 406 17.2.75 10 362 . . ..... 2 .49C 5.351 7.278 10.453 8.024 1.676 SCrude Fibre....... ...... ...... .......... 1. 009 34,411 13.766 Nitrogen Extract (Starch, etc.)............. Total................. ..... 21.833 56.796 52.227 68'.824 32.7791 38.311 17.839 14 250 19.386 55.432 31 100 .000 100 .000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 t00.00 100. 000 100.000 100.000 100.000 7.634 22.305 7.362 L (Total......................... Nirgn.~Album inoid................... 4.272 . 3.361 2:764 2.673 t 1.658 1.658 l 0.551 0.551 4 0,966 0.553 0.966 1 0.737 0.736 0.919 0.460 4.048 2.209 0.553 49 The above-mentioned feed stuffs when received for analysis were in the usual condition of such materials as they are fed to stock during the winter. It may be well to state a few particulars in regard to each, as follows: 1. The ground peas, of the Virginia variety, were carefully freed from hulls before analysis. 2. The shelled field pea was of the usual Clay variety. 3. The cotton seed meal was analyzed as it came from the mill. An attempt was made to separate and determine the actual amount of hull contained in the meal, but the results were not satisfactory. The quality of the sample used was very good. 4. The specimen of oats was a northern variety, with small white grain. 5. The bran was of good quality. 6. The sweet potatoes were what is generally known as the "Red Burmuda" variety, grown for stock feeding. 7. Tlie corn came from the northwest, and was coarsely ground, 8. The ensilage was made of Indian corn, cut and placed in the Silo just after it had passed the roasting-ear condition. 9. The Johnson grass came from Mr. M. O. Scott near Montgomery, and was well cured. 10. The rye was sown in drills in September and used for green soiling during the winter. 11. The collards were transplanted in October and fed during February and March. 4 S189 RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF AIR-DRIED SOILS AND SUBSOILS FROM VARIOUS'LOCALITIES IN ALABAMA. Experiment Locality ... ................ ...... . ... . .......... Station, burn. Au- Experiment Station, Auburn. Butler Co. Talladega Co. Gray loam, Subsoil 9(b) Pike County. Land. VarietySandy Soil marked, ............. :......................Soil. Virgin soil. Drift. Worn soilRidge Sandy Drift.Gy pine land. 1(a) Subsoil 1 (b) 1002. 1.535 Soil. 2 (a) 1003. 0.981 Subsoil Soil. 2 (b) 8() 1004. 0.512 1129. 2.559 Subsoil Soil. 8(b) 9(a) Soil. 10(a) Subsoil 10(b) Station number.. ......... .............. .......... 1001. 3.686 Moisture.......... .............................. O nsoluble silica............. Hydrated silica.............................. 1130. 2.469 1131. 3.676 1132. 3.670 1133. 0.817 1134. 1.267 ..................... 82.131 88.718 ..... 2 253 2.173 0.115 0 505 3.140 89.713 1.909 0 307 0.813 1.867 91.602 78.379 68.586 66.126 68.159 92.931 85.507 2.161 0.067 1.028 4.759 11.084 0.105 1.864 4.562 8.627 0.153 3.942 7280 0.175 4.128 8.020 2.118 0.067 0.812 .1.609 5.417 0.102 1.601 4 472 Soluble silica,..,.................0.194 Sesquioxide of iron (F. 2 Alumina (Al. 0. 0.198 3.584 9.684 0. ............ 3 1 432 ... .3.028 )............................ 2.590 0.034 0.012 0.092 8.007 0.150 0 289 0.633 0.903 2 3 Phosphoric acid (P. 0. )......................... 2 5 0.059. 0.093 0.091 0.058 0.031 0.023 0.090 0 056 0.086 0 072 0.034 0.060 "0.029 0.275 43 293 0.182 0 020 0.176 0' 409 0.194 0.174 0.255 0.654 0.032 0.035 Lime (Ca. 0.) ........ ...... . ...... 0.039' 0.050 0.,062 0.081 0.174 Magnesia (Mg. 0. ) ...... ......... .................. Potash (K. 0.)..................................... 0.062 0.992 .0.149 Soda (Na. 0.)... 2 Sulphuric acid (S. 0. ) ................................ 3 .............................. ......... ................ ............ 0.184 0.718 0.041 0.440 0.056 0.281 0.021 0.014 0 095 1.112 I 0.550 0.103 0,410 0.391 0.233 0.056 0.114 5.969 I 1 0.287 0.177 0.039 0.154 6.089 I 0.350 0.127 0.009 0.066 1'.553 - 0.293 0.153 0.008 0.088 1.603 0.101 0.'009 0.180 0.068 0.008 0.046 3.219 Chlorine.......................................... Carbonic acid (C.0. Volatile and organic 0.011 0.058 2.064 0.015 .0.106 3.208 0.006 0.133 5.462 --- 2 matter.............. 5. 838 Total............ ............... 99.308 100.315 99.663 99.681 99 .361 100.155 99.369 100. 253 0.274 0.293 0:253 18.13 0.260 8 50 0:239 6.91 0.260 9.81 0.280 12.49 I00. 741 100.851 0.087 1.92 Olt Nitrogen..........................0.370 The air-dried soil contains- 0.109 1.50 ... .... 31.20 22.11 ..... Coarse gravel ..... ..... .. ........ Fine material............................... 68.80 77.89 26.18 73.82 81.81.58 . 09 90.19 87.51 98.50 198.08 RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF AIR-DRIED SOILS AND SUJBSOILS FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES IN ALABAMA. Locality.,...........:............................Citronelle. Variety ....... . .............. .. Sumter Co. Sandy Gray Land, Perry Co. Slough Bot- Tallapoosa Pine Land. Gray-Sandy. Soil. Subsoil County. H Red. Soil. Subsoil land Light Prairie Soil.torn. Soil marked........ ............................... Soil. 3_()_ Subsoil 3(b) 4 (a) Soil. Subsoil Soil. Subsoil 4 (b) 1026. 1.494 5 (a) 1027. 7.468 5 (b) 1028. 8.803 6.(a) 1029. 3.530 6 (b) 1030. 1.753 1 '7(a) .1031. 3.676 7 (b) 1032. Station Number.................................... 1023 1.297 1024. 1.127 1025. 2.367 Moisture....................a... Insoluble silica...............""" .. .... e... 2.699 61.929 ill C' ... . . 87.644 81. 926 80.628 84.958 39.437 36.585 72.576 2.964 0.062 5.958 0.080 2.031 5.877 0.027 4.561 0.126 1.912 4.128 0.196 0;386 0.014 0'.183 4.338 19.784 22.374 0.084. 0.062 2.175 5.448 0.311 6,857 15.981 84. 6 62.896 543. 0.116 1.744 3.978 0.050 0.115 7.168 ~S~oluble silica.. ......... ,.......... Hydrated silica................................. Sesquioxide of iron 4.570 0.236 1.792 8.272 10.283 0.323 7.789 (F. 2 0. )....... 3 ........... "....e....' 1.075 2.568 Alumina (Al. 0. )................... Phosphoric acid (P. 0. )....................... 25b Lime (Ca.O0.) .............. Magnesia (Z g. Potash. (11. 2 3 4.183 12.158 0.134 0.158 0.017 0.171 0.207 4.007 0:050 8.393 10.753 0.052 0.085 .................... 00. . . 0.037 0.152 0.0661 0.073 0.005 0.018 3.742, 1.256 0.212 0.866 0.671 .0.186 0.116 0.009 0.232 2 0........,....................... . ........................ 0.). 0.115 0.233 0.056 .10.362 0.514 0.348 0.389 0.1301 0.158 0.621 Soda (Na. Sulphuric acid (So. 3).................... Chlorine."........................................0.009 Carbonic 2 0)..".e" ._.... .............. ... .... 0.254 0.038 0.273 0.029 0.393 30. 0.3761 0.909 0.120 0.015 0.876 0.447 0.053 0.006 0.249 0.443 0.051 0.124 0.075 3.759 0.760 0.503 08:0 0.03; 0.011 0.134 0.069 0.020 0.213 0.096 0.006 0.214 7.248 0.122 0.017 0.140 4.149 99.751 0.012 0.044 0.021 0.137 acid (0. 0. )........................0136 2 0.938 7.345 Volatile and organic matter, ....... Total.................................... ,............... ... 3.792 2.33C D4 942 1.856 5.466 12.053 100.122 99.771 100.2 100.077 99.963 3100.0801 10.195 0.087 0.282 2.229 .9 1.373 34.539 09Air-dried 0.087 0100.220100,132 0.245 0.087 0.260 Nirgn soil contains-Coarse .................. gravel.... ....... 0.195 86.593 '.... "....... 3.903.. 11.906 20.849 13.407 79.151 S 0 Fine material ................ 97.771 98.627 795.461 96,.097 100.000 100.000188.588_88.094 The above results of soil analyses, published in the Bulletins of last year, are here brought together and republished for more issu;ed from the U. S. Department of Agriculture in convenient reference. The methods of analysis, as detailed in Bulletin No. 1886, have been strictly followed.I 10 54 The following particulars in regard to these soils are of interest: 1. The soils from the Experiment Station, about threefourths of a mile south of Auburn, represent virgin and worn soils. The forest is of long-leaf pine, interspersed with an occasional oak, hickory, black gum, etc. 2. The soil from Butler county, sent by Mr. D. G. Dunklin, is a gray sandy soil from the lands of Mr. Geo. Lazenby, sixteen miles northeast of Greenville, representing, as stated in his letter, gray pine lands of the county. The growth on the red lands consists of post oak, red oak, hickory, dogwood, etc.; on the sandy lands pine, oak and hickory. 3. The soil from Talladega county, sent by Mr. E. T. McEldery, was taken from the farm of Mr. Hugh McEldery, nine miles east of Talladega. Depth of soil reported to be from 12 to 14 inches; growth, water oak, white oak, hickory, ash, elm, alder, walnut, sweet gum, poplar, sycamore and mulberry-trees tall and from one and a half to three feet in diameter. This soil is commonly known as "gray land." It represen;ts the valley lands of the county. 4. Hon. T. J. Carlisle writes that the soil sent by him from Pike county was gotten from the land of Mr. T. D. Connell, about ten miles southeast of Troy. It represents ridge land, is a fine soil, of ash color; growth, oak and hickory, with occasional chestnut and short-leaf pine. The timber is tall. 5. The soil from Citronelle, near Mobile, was sent by Prof. J. P. Stelle, and represents the gray sandy pine lands from that portion of the State. 6. The soil from Sumter county, sent by Prof. J. W. A. Wright, was taken from land cultivated by Judge DeLoach, about one mile north of Livingston. It is known as "light brown" soil, and was taken from an undisturbed forest of hickory, black-jack, oak, etc., the trees being from eight to fifteen inches in diameter. 7. Perry county soil, sent by Mr. H. G. Smith, was taken from a cultivated slough bottom on the Canebrake Experiment Station. 144 8. The soils from- Tallapoosa county, sent by Hon. J. P. Oliver, represent the red and the gray lands of that section. The red soil, says Mr. is about four inches deep, With growth of oak and hickory principally, interspersed with dogwood, black gum, oak from two and a half to four feet, and hickory from.'one to two and a half feet in diameter. The sample of red soil came from Col Oliver's land about one-half mile norithwest of Iadeville. The gray soil was taken from the farm of Mr. A. Wynn, three miles northwest of Dadeville, and represents a thickness of from two to two and a half inches/of soil with accompanying subsoil. The original growth is pine, with undergrowth of oak and hickory. The largest pines measure from three and a half to four feet in diameter. Oliver, The following are results of analyses of Jersey milk prodklced by the herd now on the Station. The ration con1sisted of three and one-third pounds each of corn meal, ground oats, and bran, three pounds of cotton seed meal, twenty pounds of ensilage and four'pounds of crab grass hay, in two feeds per day. ; DATE. 4_jn a 1Febuary 19........... .............. 86.321 4.151 3 345 5.468 0.775 2 4... " " .. 3 4 5 6- 85 940 21 ........................ 83 316 .................. . . . . .. ..... 85.142 5.119 3 900 5.088 0.751 4.229 3 432 5 639 0 6.205 4.501 5.044 0 834 760 = ........... .. 84.547 82.812 5.500 7 8 9 " " 25..... ........... ..... 84.948 5.026 3.652 , 85.384 5 712 4.254 4 578 3.465 6.422 3 9r25 5 210u081 4.322 5 592 .0.852 592 0.782 5.412 0.799 5.762 0.811 "................83.823 10 " 26........................84.498 11 . ... . .. 83.734 12 ".. . . . . 84 076 13 March4 ..... .......... '.. _......... 83.551 ......... 5.071 5.093 6.250 5 693 3.006 3.714 3.643 3.621 6 721 6.764 5.'62 6.306 0.704 0 695 0 769 0.829 145 56 MEAN TEMPERATURE OF SOILS AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS, P. H. MELL. FOR JANUA RY, FEBRUARY AND MARCH, 1889. T. D. SAMYORD, Assistrnt. Jan. 1 inch........ 3 " .... 47.1 47.0 46.6 SET I-(On top of hill.) IFeb. Mar.Jan. 47.1 5.75 24 inches . 46.9 46.3 Feb. iar. 49.5 50.9 52.3 48.2 48.9 6 9 ".. 12 " .... ..... 464 46.6 45 55. 45.9 54.4 SET !I-(On 9 5.72 36 56. 48 ..... ".... 54.4 53.2 60"..........53.1 top of 50.2 53.1 50.9 58.6 Jan. 1 inch..... 3 ..... 6 ".. 47.4 Feb. 47.0 hill.) Feb. 1a r. 47.3 47.3 49.2 46.8 56.4 48 Mar.Jan. 56.7 36 60 inches.........50.8 " " 48.9 5 1 9 12 24 " 46.7 45.8 ..... ..... 55.8 53.5 53.4 ,52.5 53.6 55.9 ".....46.8 "....46.7 46.0 54.7 477 72 84 96 " " " ..... ..... 54.7 57.5 50.3 53.2 51.6. 53.3 52.4 53.3 53.4 55.0 5.3 .... ..... ..... 5z-$* Mar. SET Jan. 1 inch..... ...... II-(In hottom.) Feb. 46.2 46.1 3 6 9 12 47.5 " c.....47.6 Mar 24 inches........ 55.2 36 S4.7 " ..... Jan. 50.8 52.0 Feb. 49.4 50.2 51.6 52.6 "... " 48.2 47.9 48.2 46.7 51.6 48 46.3 5.3 60 46.7 53 8 cc...... " .... 53.4 54.6 54:.4 53.9 54.3 5:.2 ALTITUDE 826 ATMOSPE7IC PRES. DATA FROM OTHER INSTRUMENTS. LAY. N.32.40-LONG. W. 85.30. II nc:'7 M I~'-(F; l~a/B cC nr; (in inches.) Jan. Feb. Mar, Jan. Feb. Mar. Monthly mean.. 29.960 30.18029 930 in inches 9.48 5.72 2.81 Highest ....... 30.400 30.56 30 250 Greatest daily........ ..... . 1.31 date.... 22 20 30 date ......... ..... 2 Lowest........ 29.64 29.710 29.,48 No. of rainy days 11 11 5 date... 17 18 No, cloudy days. 8 15 11 Monthly range.. .760 .850 0.770 No. of fair days. 11 14 18 No. of clear days. TEMPERT. ) 5 3 8 46,3 54 7 Monthly mean .. 46.9 WIND. Mean of maxm.. 55.1 54.4 64.8 Prev'g dir't'n f'm W N. W. N.W. MVean of minim.. 38.7 38.3 144.7. Total monthly Highest dur'g m. 67. 75., 76. mov'm't (in miles 5,876 5,590 ,261 date. 17 17 Average daily 16 16.5 30 Lowest during m. naov'm't(in miles 189.5 199.6 292 Total PRECIPITATION. (°Farh. date. 23.- 29 Monthly range.. Meati.daily. range 16.4 44. 68.5 46. 7 10 20.7 Greatest daily 16.1 mov'm't (in miles date 400.0 5, 9 502.0 18 398 20 NOTE.-In the meteorological report concerning Bulletin No. 3 of this Station, typographical errors occur as to the dates of the " greatest daily range" and of the " least daily range" all the thermometers below twelve inches. Where the figure "8" occurs a * should be inserted to signify that the range was the same on several different dates. soil thermometers in of 146