WINTER 1963
HIGHLIGHTS
OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
VOLUME 10
NUMBER 4
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AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, AUBURN UNIVERSITY
HIGHLIG-TS of
Agricultural Research
A Quarterly Report of Research
Serving All of Alabama
VOLUME 10, No. 4 WINTER 1963
NITROGEN PROFITABLE FOR JOHNSONGRASS - Good Re-
sponse to Medium Levels of N-
LIMITED FEEDING OF GROWING-FINISHING HOGS- Tests
Show Little Improvement in Growth ..
MECHANICAL HARVESTING OF IRRIGATED COTTON - Variety
and Spacing Affect Picker Efficiency
How GOOD ARE SORGHUM SILAGES?- Make High Yields
of Low Quality Feed
TEN YEARS OF SOIL TESTING IN ALABAMA - Show Impor-
tant Regional Differences
WHAT CROP YIELDS CAN WE MAKE? - Test Results Show
Potential Considerably Above Local Yields
3
4
5
6
7
8
CHANGES IN THE SEASONAL PATTERN OF FARM PRICES -
Opportunities for Adjustments Shown in Study 9
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND FEED USE IN ALABAMA- Mar-
ket for Feed Expected to Expand 10
CROSSBREEDING OF BRITISH BREEDS COMPARED - Cross-
breds Out Perform Purebreds 11
CLIPPING HEIGHT AFFECTS VETCH PRODUCTION- Forage
Yield Reduced by Close Cutting 
12
ALABAMA CATTLE Go EVERYWHERE - Move to Many
States from Alabama Auction Markets 13
SOURCES AND QUALITY OF SOUTHERN PEA SEED - Numer-
ous Varietal Differences Noted 14
CAMELLIAS FOR ALABAMA 
LANDSCAPE- Gives 
Report On
Varieties that Withstood Severe Cold 15
FAYETTE EXPERIMENT FOREST- Research Program Out-
lined for Important Alabama 
Crop 16
Of ,toC AM Members of the Alabama Soil Fertility Society
and farmers are shown when they visited the Brewton Experiment
Field. Included in their study of the work of the Field were the
plots in the experiment to determine what yields would result in a
period of years from use of all known good production practices ex-
cept irrigation. The experiment at the Brewton Field is one at seven
locations reported in the article on page 8. Eight-year averages at
this Field were: cotton 1.7 bales, corn 103 bu., and soybeans 80 bu.
E. V. SMITH
COYT WILSON ...
CHAS. F. SIMMONS
KENNETH B. ROY
E. L. McGRAW ...
R. E. STEVENSON--
--------Director
Associate Director
Assistant Director
--- ------Editor
-- Associate Editor
-Associate Editor
Editorial Advisory Committee: COYT
WILSON; H. T. ROGERS, Agronomy and
Soils Department Head; J. H. BLACK-
STONE, Professor of Agricultural Econom-
ics; H. J. AMLING, Associate Professor
of Horticulture, AND KENNETH B. RoY.
eew aand T7mel
PUBLICATIONS
Listed here are timely and new publications
reporting research by the Agricultural Ex-
periment Station.
Bul. 344. Effects of Deep Turning and
Non-Dirting Cultivation on Bunch and Run-
ner Peanuts.
Bul. 346. Effect of Seed Size on Vigor and
Yield of Runner Peanuts.
Bul. 347. Coastal Bermuda Pastures Com-
pared with Other Forages for Dairy Cows.
Bul. 348. Relationships of Marketing Meth-
ods to Costs of Assembling, Grading, and
Packaging Table Eggs.
Bul. 349. Production and Marketing of
Corn in Northern Alabama.
Cir. 145. Production of Christmas Trees in
Eastern Redcedar and Arizona Cypress Plan-
tations.
Leaf. 69. Performance of Peach Varieties in
Alabama.
Prog. Rept. 84. Rainfall Distribution in
Alabama.
Free copies may be obtained from your
County Agent or by writing the Auburn
University Agricultural Experiment Station,
Auburn, Alabama.
Published by
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT
STATION 
of
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Auburn, Alabama
II~II~I LCT I I~CTIIII L~ I.
11M)DI ( 1 11 lawc tlllollllt" of "'ood (Illitlit\ lot-
iW (I \\ I I cl I ist I I I( I I ill IT, I I I I it\ al e ildc( 11 late. A \
(IlIct loll (d I .7 1 ( )I Is of ll t\ I I( I tci e %\ as rccoi (Icd (I I it ing 4-
car t ('st s ill I I w Black Bcl I Slibstiltioll \\ hell ilitiotrell
I-ilte \\ as SO 11). of \ per itel.c.
1);Itil ill tlic tithh, ill-c front the -I- veill oil S11111-
tcr clir\ soil at tll(. Black B(dt Slih.oiltioll. The expci-illiclit Ll
it:*o1it \\its itil cstabli.slicd johilsollgrilss stand that hild pic\i-
sk bccll litflizcd lot. 11;1\ illid t(lillporarv Irrilzillo'. The ficId
lmd 1)(vil ildc(platck f('Iti]iZ('(l I-or sc\crill , years 1)(,fol.(, tll(,
test. Thc cstablisllcd stillid \XiIs o\uIscc(Icd to itssill-C tlliilol-lll-
itY of stalld lcylilcd for sloill] plot expclilliclits.
01ttim, \\;I's dolw \k1wil the lio-ust plillits %%clv ill t1w
cill-k I )]()()IT I stiwc. At this Illittill itv, plallts ill the highest
% ieldilw It ciltillclits colitailic(I ilholit I S, 'y ( I r I I I I t I c I*
alld tll(. ploducill(" Icss sliccillelit plants 22", di\ iimt-
t(-i-. I I I t I I t o I ( I I .\ m i I t I I , I I I It i I s I I i g I I its 28 , \\ licit lial -
cstilw \\ its dollc (1111-iii(-r (11 oll'-dit lu'riods.
Nitrogen Increases Yield
TlW ](,Stilts "11(m all illcivilse ill iuld of jolmsoligi ilss its
as ilicivitscd 111) to :320 11). I-Tcl itel c. Soil illoistille \kits
satislactolv to exc(Alcilt dillill(r vuill. of thc stll(l\.
ITT allotlicl. cx1wrilliclit ilmmid idd \\,its oil]\ 2.8 toiis
ith :120 11). of ititr(weit iiddcd. ()ill\ t\xo cuttiw"s \\clu ob-
tilillud d illill", th is (.X(.(,I)t jol ill]\' (11-\r ijitlJolitfIl joIiIJSoIi
grass lislialk plodlicus loll]. clittillo's pcr \ cal .
I Ill 11 )soI I"I.iISS is o'l o\\ I I ill J.ot jt lot I \\ it It A as
Tolwh of the iliti.0"(111 IV( Ill ircillel it 
is Illet I )% tlic Ic"
(:ill('\ pc ls, e\ ('I) if I-cloo\ ( d lor II;I fix ill I cxcess of N that
cim bc titilizcd b\ thu grass. Accordii)(rk , \\ hell jolillsoT I 
ilss
is gl-()\\rll ill rotatioll ith (:ah-v Iwas, 10 11). of N added
Iftcr tll(, fil"t cllttillo r should prodlicc sati'dactol\ 1\ idds.
Phosphate, Potash Important
Strikilw ic"polisc of johllsolwlilss to lliti-m"ell loakcs 
it
c L \ I to o\ (,I look 11w illlpmt Lll( I pllo pll ttc Alld potildt
&A
116,,
here, That at left got ample N,whraplttritgonne
NITROGEN -
PROFITABLE for
JOH NSONGRASS
C. E. SCARSBROOK, Department of Agronomy and Soil
LA. SMITH andH. W. GRIMES, BlokBel Substaton
tijiZ( Is. \r,,I,,(, o f tll( S( its 
Sll()\ N _ I I I\ to I I I ill _i_
sol I of 1 ('st I I t s \X I Ici I 160-11). ].ill c its I I scd I I I oI it I)l ios-
philte illid potash illid \\ IwI) 2-10 11). cilch of phosphatc itild
potash \\clc 11sed ill addition to N. WIlcil oil] ' \ N \\ as applic(l,
tll(, fil'St .\t tjl( ( Jj(j o f .1 \(,ill-S t1w
\\'its oIll (i()'/, of fil-St Y( ijr plodlictioll. The pool. ickls
tll( 1( Sjllt ( of stalid depletioll. Stmid oil plot's
iceci\illo, ]To phosphiltu illid potash \\as reduccd h\ ilbolit
50% ill 4 \ciirs.
(:I Ildc ploteill colltelit of johilsoll(ri-ass I ol iwe \ al icd
i(Ich \\ ith seasoll illid \\ ith oit) ogell W11cl I,
no iiihmcii \\its iipplicd it wciit from it,, lo\\ its 7.5',", to as
lii(fli its 10.6"Y. Tlwse I-ocicclitit(Ics \\clu illcivilsed Sli('Iitl\
h\ appking 80 1];. of N pci acic. Wheii Ilw 3201b. ]it t( i is
I I scd t I I c ri t I we o f (-I I I (I c 1) ro t c i I I i is o). 4 ", t (1 15. W", .
Coley Peas High in Protein
The Glle\ peits \\clc Ili(-'Ii ill ploteill, \\itII a ritil-c
of 1S.S% to 9.1 . Filctol" ()tll(,I- thall llitloo ycll liltc also ill-
fcc-t the ploteill colitclit of plaills. For ('vilop1c, its plillits
illiltilic, ploteill C-()Ilt(,Ilt teilds to d(vicil"c.
From results of this alid ()tll(,I. stildics, it is lucolillocildc(I
that 40 11). of idtiogen 1)(, jIjt(,I- ( \r( I-\, clittill(r of p1w
I
iolillsoll(riass stillids, 
exccl)t the fast. Totill 
illoollilt lised
SIjo III(j ]lot 12, 1 11). 1 1 i 11 ( 'I
rates will 
illo.-I-case vichl, 
tll(, arc 
]lot I )j.ofitZjI)j( 
. ()I'
4 to 5 tons per acic liit\(, hccll illildc \\itli 120-11). ratcs of N
on puic grass stmids oi- \\itli 40 11). of N Micic (:illc\ Iwas
0\CI*s(1(1dcd oil jollil'soll"'lilss.
I)Io()I)(( Ill)\ oI. JoII\So\(.Ii\',s Al o\l \\I) I-, Co\llii,-,. -
M I I I I ( I \ I , V N I ) VA S, I I I A ( : K lli:i, I St ils I \ I to-,, 1958-6 1
1958 19459 1960) 1i HI
I iihiusingraiss ilutui
\o) u1trocN
to ii
)1 b
Ituhnsongrass +~ (:e peais
4No lit o'l N) '1
:3.8 4.:' 1. 1 1.5
1.:) -1.9 t. 7 5.
Does it: pay t:o LIMIT-FEED
GROWING-FlINISH ING
HOGS?
HOWARD TUCKER
Department of Animal Science
' l I 'I(';IIIII Ii
91 ; fillk
I if
Response
d\\cr xlglil li e ii tlic hilld i xxl ci' Yltccc
lli(Il t iile lcr cle clcio iitllltd
"I igltlica xciitc Icxtd Iticc x x c lcetit
wctiilehtti iii gicxlii tx asi lix c(vl ofi icic
it tot it cut ( a c o t iioitit ci
huh itit I 'lict A. I M t Drs iktI1u- 1I 'ial liat
tx k\ t. il t I t ti 1 h 'I g coltx trili
No. 1I 1) 1, b. Lit). I)(11/s Lb. Ilt.
S 16 2t05 1St Iicc 100 1.56 7.1 5 2. 2 2.4
15I 2015 1.56 101 3. 16 I A6 7 2.3 .5:31.01 1 .4
8 16 20.5 L:3:2
I i Iji cl t I(( i ( I ps \\(i i ( xx i t I cltII tl (I I ll cd
adiliixtcl xx c(ktxlix b\c liii imi t Im cc ccii
tlIc x cii, I t ci fe ccc ls tic iii t ctIl oii t i
Rates of Feeding
I xxi tIixlx xx(ii ccli .tiitctc.td t 1 41 illliji
hit i IH I cxl 9 iY ll 'i % o ful ttixcl 11 it xcii Ill
ut tiI fix cc x iihitt i t. llo p r ( ti c xxix liii
ilol 'it it i1 li hi i c l. (Ci) \\asic 
1
wi
ill ticitxt i-cceux id 1ix t( thl cc
141 tiipx xx itt 16('7, 17.6'," ,ttc 19)2%, 1(
xjpictix ilx . 1ii Ici xictiiild text ai 16", pro-l
ht(i ril ticl xx :Is Itid tlcc it ut thie txt lt
4
120 13.201 .37 7 1.9 .55.1 
1
9.
1
itc4 xx LIS itecreasxic. igs~ fid li-ce cliit
iiitlii ci e Ic iimtkcIt cix a\ii algc of I S
andc 27 clix iii lict Ithcn I the 91 andic
80',4 fed t ,Ii iups, rexpe etx . F'ticl ifhi
cci tiejcx lii l itch fittle andi W) ( giciliux
Fci ccriii i te
I) ilfl-
S11, f Iill-
ledl
Restricting feed for growing-finishing hogs
showed little improvement in carcass com-
position, reduced rate of gain, and improved
feed efficiency only slightly.
\%it i llla. ccixI li t
1 
it" lix \\ a i h lii lit
Results
II ext iixitltx xlliixx tha t a ei c-ti o tI o f i
ttligl ilttiil oftixlu ofll gccii. 'iltoix. f
of fc.ccl xix cc(l IxV ltttiiticl I 
\\tt 4 xill
titit ti)t i',ipelstc for thie lii er 1)11o Iv 1t
ifloi l to Icic ll ctkit. 'Ilii xtilill dcli
ittitcx ill tict
1  
wqtiftioiit. iili x
liii] liii ("ttits. The ii 1( potct ildt
\aiiitx i tcll liiitd kdixl\ Ilc icll t
I)\, I tillfed hiots.
poti ltt it\xx ,t the xtic. ciits Illx lt,l
firs xx t lx iiiie i ll t e (lizo , \t
1  
ex ti t l 
I Iitx'cx i, tt iXxa iiiitxi tll , cit xIliii
teigc il et s(t il clu .
(iCalxca t tt m ijil jicic
Ntt\ x .xxi I I.ccikt pir Il). Bic ktt jllg ctts ht iI
Ait. Lii1. Lb. Lb 1. I0ccq Lb. ItI. I
1:3 :201 I (6i1 95 :3. 16 1.52 71.3) 5:3 .c9 
21.5
8 12 2011 LIT- 11:3 :3.201 1.34 7 1.7 55.0 
201.3
1 42 2013 1.32 122 .3.17 1.52 71.7 55.o1 21.1
~JA
Nii lx si i1 ti i i it ix cc i ti It ii t ti 
1
i _io\io t-i
It ) I t 4u IV I i tt tiowe x iiili tt cc i hi Ic\ '1 iit
I 
2
cc m i !iiivv si x v Ax ,iiitit It ra itI t i i :t
tic iu ul I t \\as(t ett I cmxxi wrcd iii xiii
11(1 x\ atI, . iii(, ,clliixx we i tio ii tii(
T. Iil ~ ~ 111 1. lixct l 01 L IN c iii xii Imm \i Ill] Vhi t" , l io llt t\\ ll
, I " I I , I . 2 . I 11.1 S 1, , I , 1 1, ( I F I , I \ I I I E I ) I ' L F I ) I \ ( ; \\ 11 11 A 16 1 )EII ( PA I Plo( ) I P11 N I I A I R I\
'I Icatillclit
IT
MECHANICAL
HARVESTING of
IRRIGATED
COTTON
Interaction of spacing and va-
r iety caused these differences
in harvesting efficiency from ex-
treme treatments in 1961: Left
-DPSL variety with 8,000
plants per acre made 975 lb.
per acre total lint yield but onl
1
849 lb. harvested yield; right
-Empire, 80,000 plants per
acre, had harvested yield of
943 lb. out of total yield of
975 lb.
T. t. CORLEY, Dopo-rt,- otAc/r.,i Enrgisee-,nj
JK. BOSECK, Tennessee Valley Su~bstation
Itm I li cii j tiit litic (f i i ,tx cdt ll
hIlt! (s i t l II Ii of t )I t I)I C4.()II li c t f ll-
llty tiiii lu il ifiiii I i \r i l ( I ii ff tii i i
it I ItI I i md I i I , Iu )It ditt ft. ( I x a hoii
IllninpirX itci IF aI) \ \tiS \Ftll)
Trci tillillit cmhilfmfisol \\ (,I x c i fix c
iit poiiiii 
1 
tii -- (00t 20,xt 0l 40,ti ttl
ti if i u.n( \ it xI~ l I t i i i F ili~ tl c I ,(ittiilc
li oti xxiii and flt ii I95 ttiiti6 tlloi t\\ii
ir i( , tti lii til - tI-xt. fiIi 2ii it ap l Iitti
K i l s 
A l p 
o s i l 
ct 
r 
)tt 
ii ti 
t. m 
) i I
rIc ixl tili 1mctiltx xx ic i iiiN\iiii taiiii
Pi \i (ii l \ x ii xi iixi( x kmii \l x \( 'x 111\ Piiiiiix\t iF txiA x (iuit DiFiEBi Ni \'ilt] I If
x~i ui ~l i xxiliiiixiil ixixtN~xxi\ iiV Stixxil
.iit .i iN 60-61 (i .\x [,t 
x(ii
\ i I]I xI
Il i l l i )I
plai ii
.11it I
IKiipirc
8,0001)
20,)000
10,00
80 10001
I)20))000
I) I'!
S i00)
.I1 ((i00
I1,000
S0,00011
I _10,0001
Atihtiriu 561
8,000)
20,)000
10,000
S0.000)1
121)0000
t t \i'. I Ii it'l l; I,t I 
Iiii Itl. (ditt ti
1./ lt. l~j ~~/ hi hi liII) J'uf.
1,00.5
1)5))
I 102
1 MT :
III )
1 0:3
'171)
1095
1j WI)
1( ) 1
1)5))
Bolk ~ I I()
Iw 1 ). Iii. '
Bollii
Ilt
ii lxx.
l Iit/ .
884
87 6
.896
1.01-)
I, 12
97,t5
S1)10
9)2T
Ill, ith-!It ilixv ill iliftiil i I llliiiit i ~ ()I
pilfitii h latx tix ics tIit xl' ii. lxxi\i x it -
Iit\ ll xxH i t I'(11 . ilfl- p cIii te l t e ti x i cit
xtiiiliiiC x\I- txiiug tit ii ec ,f cixilutl
llxt ttiil~ ticx iii ,ill x ffi it it riiiu f
xtli l c kt iOf\a x iiix t til sitchiii I i t --f
xx cit i cft iititofiiltx ii iix nxtili tilld
iiith it iiki stn btic xf ff) ii ii l-asx.i
lI J(5\\ i t ti xx.\, Ix Ilii ll t i ti i.t ii
liii )f(ii 1 Ii i imot h i iLlcii, itt / lo \iii -x
Nictc Spitc lii4 fel
1
ctxcu xtiill hic xftiIIt
It ic x iIII xx ni1liti I ll lix tttll Spittiii
Illu Iu il titexre x it I( (I tltkti -x ill
(1hi \1 ctcd\ilxiul bellx pofi .cit ix xI (\\
itiii Wx i 1 ititics x DcI tilpiuu ilot Siiiiili
had xi x i iii x ii iith xxi iii i 6 itifti -
-4,
A.. *' * 5
N' o. I I I (/(,.v 1, b.
How Good Are
Sorghum
Silages?
A. SMITH,' H. W. GRIMES,'
E. HAWKINS, J. A. LITTLE,- and
M. PATTERSON
EE'i lii plodi(4t iiiV lix.s
(d sli 1.5 Bu t 11111x i iix c iw tt to Il
4ll ilixt ;ll till Ii xil' Bch S
t
ubslix tixtx
xxass li il l i ii 11 xi(l . Siilipeatt il t i
)t ig t ittitti \ .i t itt j lixo l l s ha\ ii t I .(
tI itix, Itil i II 1 (1) 1 ' I\ I i YI Itx lIII ]-
Iieitf l I sait \\ ax, C-1it iil (I ixiltti it
i I t tilt at ilt c i e ( I itx I I(,( L i)
Sit til li t ilttii(4. x \ I'(1 Stag ,i uli .5
(;iie d ith ut 2 toiiso iit iet fxit-\ Ilaiii
laug t t( i 4 It c liixx \\ hid \%i'I)11 38
Ii~ i IS I 
11111 ; i i t 
i ti e 
;It h ooii~l 
t 11.(
I IT\\i xt.)ha xY c l i xti l ig (4a t xII r l( it
'Ito tld x llai xti ii i tt 1 ut r it) Iii lilt
xtlildi t wil clit' fur itiit dowy(1 .5.2
ttiwii]lil \tge i ~(4e t ill Itll a x x s i iit
-1x ca(i. iidil( 1111111 iti a t tit (-h o
0lilgtxt ii x illx ax--ctc ti i t ] 1.0'> mi
i(4ttati t T ae Sit boot m i . itiit
iii tall ltir l il xstibiciii twIl \ tllxx xI'\ 1
lo I -, rac i o I Itt iii. it it hi ih t at i.6 ight
t(ttiti xx a lnt tto c Ti Il iiiati cit atl
theaiol ilk 1)1oc atirtit i iii cnx x1. Iltti
Sal it " , x ig i at",;( o ltl i tI po iti iil itx
xIgt x kc t I ag .)I. Ih lii x tgtitix tli~ d 61 o
Mtg.Iilkx Prioduct it i timpaxrt g
gI Ix t I la xtlt i ils i it i tii (41(1 o\ ttt il
2 lii it tuit tin xcrt i i n tI v\ lil tilt I Ix x r
i ll th (li t\ I t I ii. 1 t 11 1 of xoh i 1al t I
Iia t l x 0ligc .Bot tok \egtilt I I l i i t.
catcl \\ aIetie fested h litl't
llilii\i ~tiit x xtt xil xta .
titatil.\ mikiatiiiit I T Ix ti. \ t s It)'
ait S9.s i L ii(.xt1iat thex I IIatI cc llittiit\
Jac tai x i aitx xx ax gi 1it). ti \all titSi
Istiic Thi xii c hitivs\tith the il i tI
x ,itii~t(I 1it I~ tlt I AT tin. I xxtie\ miii
pii 2.2 utlt ~\it' IS (lii Io . I
mmd 4.alt tlilc .A7% axt( douu~iipatdxx t
x IT) ;I .tt' lxi. lixx, liii ) () x is. 3ttt 'ithicr
gextilit(Ali iltel elliit111 iiitx (.t 1 th llt
xtie: '1( K :I;tttc 57.3' sid t- IcitllIktm
1.5%titi Iex tin c ti Si 20 I 11.(yroid
sIS (thu. ITT1 ugite ti.tllt iii ciitmi
mp lked lltitt lii 1x t oi l thg t \\a lix i lit l
11il ti ix x lt d lg tl t Tolls of(4x x l. N l
3tttt 29.3 Ii.: periactei\iakt(,: \.5:hli. 1Bit
luuuitc : .7 li cc ilitla Ic St.:3 ii mi
1T1litBlac Belt~ IS cIilxt atjii9. iil
itl d ii ( ap- Ii sitiix lt ii tii i ii I ax.
I Iom4 i8~i iuii" i xo 5.7%, its com aet x
(417711 xxr ixi lin criei stlz.T ] tet lI xc
S i Ii ITi. \ l I it] xx 1111cri xx ixl t i t 1dlix
II hcitl couitlIStil w it in. t S c 9 i text
\li, itt I it" o xl s foiiii \xKli(tx. ) )iitik iiid
.3tcr ( cuix iIil ii liind i lxx I 1, tDi
, t l 
(i 11. I f 
ii Si t xitte olt l 
t o the i 
litc
xiii ' 14 BowIlx I ihi t i il 56.S (( it x xx tI
xx Xitu tAlxx xr xxdded 60 )lx ; IStll ixic
ofi \Kiit00x I I e1lixileti xxl ili ci iildil
silm bitt niuhlcilxii 
t
i ii ll igtxo_(. ixtlit
u5%Ix s 11111(4111(411I Md ~ii(
SOIL TESTING is a valuable aid in de-
termining lime and fertilizer needs of
soils.
As a soil is cropped, limed, and fer-
tilized, its fertility is changed in ways
that are not obvious to the grower. Some
plant nutrients may accumulate while
others are depleted and the soil reaction
may change. For most efficient use of
lime and fertilizer, these changes need
to be measured so that lime and fertilizer
treatments may be adjusted to meet the
changing soil conditions. A chemical soil
test is the best way to detect such
changes and, when properly calibrated
with results from field experiments, it is
the best basis for lime and fertilizer rec-
ommendations.
Soil test results from many samples
also provide an estimate of the general
fertility conditions of an area. This in-
formation is of importance to suppliers
and formulators of fertilizers as it in-
dicates amounts of different fertilizer
ratios needed in the various agricultural
areas of the State.
What Soil Testing Shows
Since the soil testing laboratory of
the Auburn University Agricultural Ex-
periment Station began operation in
1953, annual summaries of results have
been prepared according to soil series
and then grouped for major soil regions
in the State. Annual summaries are use-
ful in revealing changes in fertility over
a period of time. Combined summaries
for the 145,000 samples analyzed dur-
ing the 10-year period, Tables 1 and
2, show some important regional differ-
ences.
The distribution of soil pH values for
the samples tested during this period
is given in Table 1. Lime is recom-
mended for alfalfa if the pH is below
6.5, for white clover, vetches, and sev-
eral other plants if the pH is below 6.0,
TABLE 1. DISTRIBUTION OF PH VALUES BY
MAJOR SOIL REGIONS
pH
Soil region Below 5.0- 5.6- Above
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0
% % % %
Coastal Plain ...... 2.1 42.4 33.9 21.6
Limestone Valleys_ 3.6 42.9 23.9 29.8
Sand Mountain ....2.0 53.4 29.8 14.8
Black Belt
clay soils ....... 3.0 16.3 9.4 71.3
Piedmont .......... 1.6 31.9 33.4 33.1
Gardens,
lawns, shrubs ....5.7 29.8 20.2 44.3
Summary of 145,257 samples analyzed
from 1953 through 1962 by the Auburn Soil
Testing Laboratory.
Ten Years of SOIL TESTING
in Alabama
C. E. EVANS and R. D. ROUSE
Department of Agronomy and Soils
and for most other crops when the pH
is below 5.7. The Sand Mountain area
had the highest percentage of samples
indicating a need for lime. The Black
Belt clay soils that include the naturally
calcareous soils had the lowest percent-
age of samples needing lime. It is evi-
dent from these data that about 50% of
the soils needed lime. About 2 or G%
were extremely acid, less than pH 5.0.
On such soils yields of most crops would
be severely limited. Most soils needing
lime were in the range where fair to good
yields could be made without addition of
lime. Under such conditions a farmer
may lose 10 to 20% yield without being
aware of a problem.
Phosphorus and Potassium Ratings
A summary of phosphorus and potas-
sium ratings is given in Table 2. Sandy
soils, Coastal Plain and Sand Mountain,
showed the greatest percentage of soils
high in phosphorus. More than one-half
of the Black Belt samples were low in
phosphorus. Differences in phosphorus
fertility result from type of agriculture,
soils except those of the Black Belt. Po-
tassium is subject to being leached from
the soil and its level in the soil is not in-
fluenced as greatly by past additions as
is phosphorus. Soil texture, cropping
system, crop removal, and soil acidity all
greatly influence the soil level of potas-
sium. Sandy soils have a low reserve of
native potassium for release into the
available form and it is easily lost from
such soils by leaching; therefore, larger
or more frequent additions are required
to maintain a desirable level of 
potas-
sium.
Fertilizer Grades Change
In general, a greater buildup of phos-
phorus than potassium was found. This
may have resulted from the longtime use
of high phosphorus-low potassium fer-
tilizer. The only appreciable change in
average soil test values that occurred
during the past 
10 years was 
a decrease
in the percentage of samples that were
low in potassium and a like increase of
samples medium in potassium. At least
part of this shift can be credited to the
TABLE 2. DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM SOIL TEST RATINGS
BY MAJOR SOIL REGIONS
Soil regionLo 
Phosphorus _____Potassium 
_
Low Medium High Low Medium High
% C/ % % % 0/
Coastal Plain_ 20.6 33.2 46.2 50.5 38.4 11.1
Limestone Valleys 30.1 38.1 31.8 28.9 52.5 18.6
Sand Mountain 21.5 36.0 42.5 44.4 46.2 9.4
Black Belt clay soils 60.8 24.0 15.2 36.1 47.8 16.1
Piedmont - 35.0 29.0 36.0 40.8 40.7 18.5
Gardens, lawns, shrubs 17.3 13.4 69.3 17.2 33.2 49.6
Summary of 145,257 sinamples analyzed from 1953 through 1962 by the Auburn Uni-
versity Soil Testing Laboratory.
past fertilizer practices, and soil differ-
ences. Samples from sandy regions have
been largely from row crops. Samples
from the Black Belt area were mostly
from pastures. Those from the Pied-
mont and Limestone Valleys were more
equally divided between pastures and
row crops. In general, row crop areas
have been more highly fertilized than
pasture areas. Phosphorus is not lost by
leaching, but is subject to losses through
erosion.
Data in Table 2 show a greater need
for potassium than phosphorus for all
change in fertilizer grades as a result of
the emphasis given this low potassium
situation. When the laboratory was
started, the major grades were 4-10-7
and 6-8-4. These have been replaced by
even phosphorus-potassium ratio grades
such as 4-12-12 and 8-8-8.
These data show that soil pH values
and phosphorus and potassium levels
are so varied that any general or average
recommendation could not fit the situa-
tion in over one-half of the fields. A soil
test is needed as a guide to the most effi-
cient use of lime and fertilizer.
WHAT CROP YIELDS
CAN WE MAKE?
D. G. STURKIE and J. T. COPE, JR.
D~epartment of Agronomy and Soils
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I ():3 310
S EASONAL PRICE CHANGES offer the Alabama farmer one of
the best chances of making adjustments to his financial ad-
vantage.
Opportunities for such adjustments are pointed up in a
study of changes in seasonal price patterns of important farm
commodities by Auburn University Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Farmers have witnessed changes in prices of farm prod-
ucts from one season to the next. Likewise, processors and
thosewho use farm products are also aware of changes be-
tween seasons. Usually farm prices are low during peak
harvest and rise to higher levels as supplies at the farm are
reduced by sales. For the most part, price fluctuations result
from changes in supply of and demand for commodities.
Production of agricultural commodities takes place on
thousands of farms throughout the country, and individual
farm operators make independent decisions concerning pro-
duction and marketing. Because of a combination of condi-
tions, such as a short harvest season, perishable products,
and necessity to pay debts incurred, farmers may be forced
to place excessive quantities of products on the market at a
given time. An additional contributing factor with some
products is the consumer's desire for greater quantities dur-
ing certain seasons than at others. Therefore, it is reasonable
to expect changes in prices within the year, among and
within production areas, and from year to year.
Seasonal price patterns prevail for major farm commodi-
ties produced in the State. The amount of seasonal price
change varies widely among commodities, and the pattern
of high and low prices does not remain the same year after
year. In general, seasonal price changes appear to be de-
creasing.
Commodity Price Changes
Eggs, broilers, and corn are examples of commodities
that had more than a 20% change from the low average
monthly price to the high average monthly price. Egg prices
illustrate also the change in amount and in the pattern that
sometimes takes place (see figure). The difference in the
low and high average monthly prices in the 1953-62 period
was less than half the difference that existed in 1948-54.
There was only 10 per doz. difference in the low average
monthly prices for the two periods, whereas approximately
110 per doz. was the difference in the high average monthly
prices. Changes in seasonal patterns similar to those that
have occurred with egg prices indicate that it was profit-
able for producers to alter production patterns and also
that egg producers were making adjustments to take advan-
tage of seasonal prices.
Broilers were among the three commodities for which
the percentage change in seasonal prices had increased. How-
ever, the cents-per-pound price in the 1953-62 period had
dropped .and broilers were selling for only two-thirds the
price they sold for during 1948-54. Differences in the sea-
sonal low and seasonal high prices were the same in the two
time periods. The proportional change was greater in the
1953-62 period because the price per pound was lower.
The amount of change in corn prices was identical during
the two periods. The seasonal difference in soybean prices
was less during 1953-62. The seasonal price changes for each
crop almost followed the same pattern during each of the
time periods. A low-level support program was in effect for
these commodities, but average market prices were at levels
that permitted seasonal changes in prices that could be signi-
ficant.
The amount of seasonal variation in prices for both cat-
tle and hogs was reduced. The only change in the pat-
tern of high and low prices for these commodities was that
the high in cattle prices occurred in April during the 1953-
62 period, whereas the high came in March during 1948-54.
Changes in seasonal price patterns were evident but
small in the case of both cotton and peanuts.
Using Price Changes
Individual farmers can exercise little control over major
economic forces that contribute to commodity price fluctua-
tions, but they can adjust enterprises to take advantage of
seasonal price changes. Market information, when regularly
obtained and adequately interpreted, can provide farmers the
opportunity to alter plans and operations that will result in
adjustment to market conditions. Market information ob-
tained during crop harvesting season and at the time live-
stock are ready to be sold is useful. However, information
obtained when plans for production are being made and
throughout the growing season can indicate important steps
that should be taken to adjust to changing situations.
Changes in the
SEASONAL PATTERN of
FARM PRICES
BENNY R. McMANUS
Department of Agricultural Economics
Comparison of seasonal price patterns for selected crops and poul-
try, Alabama (1948-54 and 1953-62 = 100).
Livestock
Production and
Feed Use in
Alabama
MORRIS WHITE
Dept. of Agricultural Economics
INCREASED PRODUCTION of livestock and
poultry was among the major develop-
ments in Alabama's agriculture during
the past decade.
Results of studies by Auburn Univer-
sity Agricultural Experiment Station
show that significant changes occurred
in the production of poultry, eggs and
milk, Table 1. In respect to feed require-
ments, increases in broiler production
was by far the most important. Pounds
of broilers grown in 1962 were 9.6 times
greater than that produced in 1958. An-
nual egg production increased 220% dur-
ing this period.
Total milk production declined at an
average annual rate of approximately
3%. The volume produced in 1962 was
estimated to be 71% of that produced
in 1953. Milk sold to plants and dealers
increased 175% between 1953 and 1962,
and comprised 70% of the total produc-
tion of milk in 1962. Milk sold to plants
and dealers was 36% of the 1953 total.
Except for 1956, pounds of beef pro-
duced increased each year between 19583
and 1962. Production in 1962 was 19%
greater than production in 1953, and
5.5% above the 10-year average. Fluctu-
ations in hog production were evidently
associated with the hog cycle. Produc-
tion in 1962 was 4% below the 10-year
average.
Feed Production in Alabama
A basic requirement for continued pro-
duction of these commodities is an ade-
quate supply of good quality feed. Pro-
ducers of livestock and poultry in Ala-
bama have to grow or purchase feed at
a cost that is competitive with feed costs
in other areas of the country.
Per-acre yields of feed crops grown in
Alabama have increased. However, in-
creases in yields were offset to a great ex-
tent by reductions in acreages. Total
production of feed crops was not in-
creased significantly in the past 10 years,
Table 2. Production of corn fluctuated
with favorable and unfavorable growing
seasons. There was neither an upward
nor downward trend during the 1953-
62 period. Quantities of small grains and
grain sorghums continued to be a minor
part of the total feed production. Pro-
duction of wheat increased, while
that of oats and grain sorghum de-
creased. Soybean production increased
steadily and was 70 to 80% greater at
the end of the decade than at the begin-
ning.
Tons of hay produced fluctuated from
869,000 to 501,000 tons, averaging 647,-
000 in the 10-year period. Silage produc-
tion was estimated to be 234,000 tons in
1962, which was approximately 21/2
times that of 1953.
The proportion of grain used on farms
where grown varied among kinds of
grains, but remained almost constant
throughout the 1953-62 period for a
particular grain. The greatest change
was in the proportion of oats that was
sold. Grains and respective ranges in
proportions used on the farm were corn
66-74%, wheat 15-20%, oats 60-74%,
grain sorghum 79-82%, and soybeans
2-3%. Above 90% of the hay remained
on the farm.
Commercial Feed
The feed deficit that existed in Ala-
bama in 1953 increased as a result of
greater production of broilers, eggs, and
cattle. Feed made available by decreases
in milk production and in numbers of
horses and mules on farms did not come
close to offsetting increases in the volume
of feed needed to support expanded pro-
duction of broilers, eggs, and cattle.
Commercial manufacturers reported
an average annual increase of 10% in
total tons of feed sold in Alabama dur-
ing the period 1953-62. Information
was not available pertaining to tonnage
of feed fed on farms where it was pre-
pared, or fed to livestock and poultry
belonging to individuals or firms owning
the feed.
Almost 64% of the tonnage reported
sold in 1962 was poultry feed. Sales of
dairy feed increased 29% between 1959
and 1960, and since then has comprised
about 10% of the total feed reported
sold. Sales of hog feed amounted to
about 5% of the total.
Continued improvement in the breeds
of livestock and poultry, in nutrition, and
in management practices will contribute
to a reduction in the amount of feed re-
quired to produce a pound of meat,
a dozen eggs, and a gallon of milk.
Although feed needs may not increase at
the exact rate of expansion of livestock
and poultry production, the market for
feed is expected to continue to grow in
Alabama.
TABLE 1. PRODUCTION OF BROILERS, EGGS, MILK, CATTLE AND HOGs, ALABAMA, 1953-62
Year Broilers Eggs Milk Cattle Hogs
Mil. lb. Mil. doz. Mil. lb. Mil. lb. Mil. lb.
1953 73.9 62.3 1,808 393.2 236.6
1954 143.2 61.9 1,213 427.4 254.3
1955 179.1 65.7 1,204 431.1 287.4
1956 255.7 73.0 1,178 429.6 298.6
L957 ............ 332.4 80.6 1,135 433.2 267.1
1958 421.2 95.7 1,034 451.9 265.6
1959 522.2 106.1 998 471.1 310.9
1960 565.3 108.7 961 453.3 278.6
1961 673.3 114.0 956 460.2 279.4
1962 709.3 188.8 934 466.2 263.5
Average-------- 387.6 93.7 1,065 441.7 274.2
TABLE 2. PRODUCTION OF FEED CROPS, ALABAMA, 1953-62
Year 
Crops
Corn Wheat Oats soram Soybeans Hay Silage
sorghum
Thou. bu.Thou. bu.Thou. bu.Thou. bu.Thou. bu.Thou. tonThou. ton
1953 ---------- 44,880 462 4,416 450 1,804 657 98
1954 ---- 27,573 528 5,458 294 1,140 622 135
1955 58,870 1,007 3,848 840 2,068 869 179
1956 ----------------- 47,736 1,840 4,896 608 2,255 656 162
1957 47,675 2,340 2,475 703 2,440 565 196
1958 55,614 2,300 28 744 2 794 725 358
1959 46,982 1,265 3,484 598 2,860 611 264
1960 44,330 1,200 2,975 480 3,192 568 296
1961 ---.-------------- 48,335 1,456 3,230 364 3,504 617 316
1962 -------------- 35,026 840 2,822 240 3,054 501 234
Average 44,596 1,261 3,573 527 2,367 647 224
10
CROSSBREEDING
Compared among
BRITISH BREEDS
TRO0Y B PATTERSON,
Department of Animal Science
Crossbred steers graded slightly higher, one-third of a Federal
grade, than purebreds in tests at the Auburn Station. In addi-
tion they gained taster in the teedlot and had heavier car-
casses. Crossbred steers had an advantage of 39 lb. in adjusted
weaning weight (48 lb. unadjusted) over the purebreds. Shown
here is a typical group of crossbred steers on test at the Station.
lit\ it iii t11( g i IIi( (I I Istt ( oil p)ist lire'
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1 2:3. 1 0tt0 itot pt-rfot iiaiii' ttf the 
it o 3 grtips.
"~t ll ilc Ii' ili ('.111 -xx ifliti it liii'
tea perii c t'o iIll jols 'it 2.rctl~
( ;I ad I I ig s st t -I i i: I 1 -11 igi I ( ;ood: 12 -I ,,\% ( :1 ioicc: 1:3-11 i,,,] I CI I ()i ( (
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Scenes like this are becoming more common as vetch becomes more
popular as a grazing crap on Alabama farms. Grazing manage-
ment is highly important in getting the most return from vetch
pasture, as revealed by results of Auburn University Agricultural
Experiment Station studies. Close clipping consistently resulted in
reduced forage production and often caused stand damage.
I) tirn Stitiotii, I l( istimt to t II( \ etchi \x cc\i Iitkiiity Xed
prolOi t~iol )IiXI il II II w Stitt(.
Forage Production Affected
I leiglit Alt \\'its XIth X (.iti 
h~jd Zli iIfIloI tait effeCt
o)11 11)1 l1 p1 iilIIctioi. \'eteii 12 to 15 itIi. tall that \\,its
clipped1( to it 3-iii. XtliifiiI X it']iiiiil O)llX 65%( iXs ieuh forilge
AXs XX11111l clilId to it (5 iii. height.
I
4....-
4
4;'
Clipping Height
Affects Production
of Vetch Forage
C. S. HOVELAND and H. L. WEBSTER
Dlepartment of Agronomy and Sodts
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(oit to 6-i II. st I Iibhl
2 t. 15 int.
Cu lto 3in1h. stubble
12 tt 15 int.
.3 if Xtat.
( liti)il t iIIX C t , l
12 to) I5 iii.
12 to 15 lit.
1-2 to 15 ill.
12 tt 15 li.
6 to 8 itl.
12 toi 1.5 ill.
C ut heloXw loi\%est leaf a.4ii
11 to I5 ill. 12 to 15 lil.
ciiist( S 3 diIX
I'oIrat5
X lidd
t
4 100 10
. 0 (i 48
: :38 40t
A
These charts show destination of feeder steers and heifers sold
through Alabama auctions in 1962, according to weight classes.
ALABAMA CATTLE get around. Cattle and calves sold
through Alabama auction markets in 1962 went to at least
26 states, according to results of an Auburn University Agri-
cultural Experiment Station study.
The cattle industry in Alabama is geared principally to
production of nonslaughter animals. Of the total number of
cattle and calves sold at State auction markets in 1962, 68%
were classified as nonslaughter. This estimate is based on
data collected for 6 weekly periods during that year. Sea-
sonal distribution of total sales of cattle and calves is given
below for the sample periods:
Sample period
February 4-10
April 15-21
June 10-16
August 19-25
October 7-18
November 25-December 1
Percentage of cattle sold
9
10
16
22
28
20
As revealed by these data, about two-thirds of sales oc-
curred in the last half of the year. More than two-fifths were
in the last 3 months.
Nonslaughter Cattle Leave State
Movement of cattle out of State is greater for non-
slaughter than for slaughter cattle. About two-fifths of the
slaughter cattle moved across state lines, but almost three-
fifths of nonslaughter cattle left the State. However, only 5%
of the slaughter cattle went to states other than those border-
ing Alabama, while 38% of the nonslaughter kinds went to
other than adjoining states.
The destination of nonslaughter cattle sold through auc-
tions in Alabama is shown below:
ALABAMA CATTLE
GO EVE RYWHERE
M. J. DANNER and RALPH MEADOWS
Department of Agricultural Economics
Percentage of total
44
20
18
18
5
Shipments to Western and Midwestern States amounted
to 42% of the central Alabama cattle sales. And this area ac-
counted for almost three-fourths of the nonslaughter cattle
sold in the State.
Steers and Heifers Predominate-
Steers and heifers made up over five-sixths of total sales
of nonslaughter cattle. The remainder was principally re-
placement cows, which generally stayed in the area where
sold. Among the feeder steers and heifers, 79% were lighter
than 500 lb. and only 21% weighed more than 500.
It is evident that Alabama's feeder cattle industry is
based on miarketing lightweight calves principally off grass.
Also evident is the fact that these feeder calves are not of
the weight most desired for a farm or commercial feedlot
finishing operation. Neither are such calves satisfactory for
slaughter. These limitations highly influence the movement
of feeder cattle and calves sold through Alabama auctions, as
shown by the chart.
Lightweight Cattle Leave Home
Almost 4 out of 5 of the feeder steers and heifers heavier
than 500 lb. remained in Alabama or adjoining states. About
13% were shipped to Midwestern States. On the other hand,
only about half of the feeder calves weighing less than 500
lb. stayed within Alabama or adjoining states. Shipments of
these calves to Texas, Oklahoma, and other Western States
accounted for 27% of the total. Marketings of the lightweight
calves are seasonally heaviest in the fall months, which is
also the beginning of the grazing period for fall-seeded win-
ter wheat and other small grains, particularly in western
areas. This demand has undoubtedly influenced the develop-
ment of Alabama's feeder cattle industry.
With the State's cattle industry geared to production of
lightweight feeder calves, there is no scarcity of such ani-
mals, particularly in the last half of the year. However, these
calves are not ready for the feedlot nor are they ready for
slaughter. Research currently underway at the Agricultural
Experiment Station is aimed at learning what production and
marketing changes are needed to more efficiently handle these
kinds of calves.
13
Destination
Alabama
Western States
Adjoining states
Midwestern States
Other Southern States
O I I A~
SOURCES and QUALITY of
Southern pea seed in Alabama, 1962-63
SAM T. JONES, Department of Horticulture
C. C. CARLTON, Chilton Area Horticulture Substation
S OUTHERN PEAS for market are grown
on approximately 14,000 acres in Ala-
bama each year. In addition, they are
planted in almost every home garden in
the State.
The term southern pea refers to black-
eyed peas, crowder peas, purple hull
peas, lady peas, and other types of cow-
peas grown for human consumption. It
is meant to exclude those types of cow-
peas grown for soil-building and forage.
Obtaining high quality seed of proper
variety is a difficult problem with pro-
duction of southern peas. Being unfa-
miliar with the numerous varieties and
their characteristics is one of the princi-
pal reasons. Misunderstandings between
seedmen and growers as to the variety
bought or sold and its proper varietal
characteristics have caused numerous
complaints. Most varieties and varietal
names now in use in Alabama are not
products of organized plant breeding
programs of recognized experiment sta-
tion or commercial concerns, but are se-
lections -and names made popular by
'This study was in cooperation with G.
M. Moore, chief seed analyst, and C. A.
Harris, former analyst, State Seed Labora-
tory, Montgomery.
general use. Therefore, no proper va-
rietal description exists and such a de-
scription may be impossible because of
unstable nature of varieties in the trade
carrying a particular variety name.
To clarify the problem and aid in ob-
taining stability to varietal characteristics,
a study was begun in 1962 at the Chil-
ton Area Horticulture Substation of Au-
burn University Agricultural Experiment
Station to investigate the source and
quality of southern pea seed available
to Alabama growers.
1
All southern pea seed samples col-
lected by the seed inspectors for the
State Seed Laboratory, in routine in-
spection of all seed offered for sale in
Alabama were analyzed by the Labora-
tory and forwarded to the Auburn Sta-
tion for planting to determine varietal
trueness and purity. Copies of the offi-
cial report accompanied the samples.
From an analysis of field data, any
differences between seed samples from
different sources bearing the same va-
rietal name could be noted. Also any
samples bearing different names but
proving to be the same when character-
istics were compared could be deter-
mined. Varietal mixtures not detectable
from seed characteristics alone could also
be determined.
A total of 229 seed samples 
was ob-
tained during the 2 years covered by this
study. Thirty-five distinct varieties were
represented, see table. However, a total
of 82 different varietal names was used.
Some varieties had five or more names
being used in the trade to designate the
same variety. For example, Bunch Pink-
eye Purple Hull had 10 different names.
Knuckle Purple Hull Crowder had 9 dif-
ferent names. In some cases the name
variations were only minor, but minor
variations in names apparently become
progressively worse until one name
grades into another and the varietal dis-
tinction is then lost.
There were 36 samples distinctly off-
type or erroneously labeled as to vari-
ety. This number did not include nu-
merous minor variations that had no
consequence to either the seedman or
the grower. There were 22 samples
mixed extensively but not labeled as
such. Some of these were detected by lab-
oratory seed analysis. However, many
could not be detected by seed examina-
tion alone. Most mixed samples involved
pod color as in Silver Skin Brown
Crowder. Samples used were grown in
11 different states and shipped from 36
different companies.
Results of this study show that grower
complaints as to inability to obtain
southern pea seed of reliable purity and
trueness to variety may often be justi-
fied. However, seedmen are generally
unable to improve the situation because
of lack of standard varietal descriptions
and agreement as to proper varietal char-
acteristics of most varieties being offered
for sale.
VARIETY NAMES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND QUALITY OF SOUTHERN PEA SEED OFFERED FOR SALE, ALABAMA, 1962 AND 1963
No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
Variety samples synonyms samples samples Variety samples synonyms samples samples
obtained used off-type mixed obtained used off-type mixed
1. Knuckle Purple Hull 19. Early W.R. Ramshorn
Crowder- - - 20 9 2 0 Blackeye 4 2 0 0
2. Purple Hull Brown 20. Calif. Blackeye No. 3 .......... 2 1 0 0
Crowder 18 1 3 0 21. Texas Cream No. 8 --------------- 1 1 0 0
3. Silver Skin Brown Crowder- 9 4 2 5 22. Texas Cream No. 12....... 1 1 0 0
4. Brown Sugar Crowder ---------- 12 2 1 5 23. Texas Cream No. 40....... 8 2 0 0
5. Brown Crowder 10 4 2 0 24. Conch--- -------- 3. 2 1 0
6. Purple Hull White Crowder 11 5 5 1 25. Lady - - - 4 3 0 0
7. Vining Purple Hull --------------- 4 3 3 1 26. Running Acre 3 1 1 0
8. Texas Purple Hull No. 49__ _. 9 3 1 2 27. Purple Tip Crowder------- 1 1 0 0
9. Bunch Pinkeye Purple Hull- 18 10 4 5 28. Combine Crowder 2 1 
0 0
10. Long Pod Purple Hull Red- 7 3 0 0 29. Combine Crowder
11. Speckled Purple Hull ........... 2 1 0 1 No. 1575 
2 1 0 0
12. Dixie Lee 7 2 1 0 30. Whippoorwill 4 
2 0 1
13. Blue Goose ---------------------------- 13 1 1 0 31. Turkey Crowder ................... 2 
1 0 0
14. Calico Crowder 9 3 3 0 32. Early Six-Weeks
15. Black Crowder 8 1 2 0 Browneye- - - 2 1 1 0
16. Blackeye Crowder ................ 5 1 1 0 33. Jackson 21 1 
1 0 0
17. Alabama Giant Blackeye ...... 1 1 0 0 34. Brabham ............................... 2 
1 0 0
18. Calif. Blackeye No. 5_............. 20 5 2 1 35. Iron-Clay Mixture ................. 
2 1 0 0
T otal --------------------------------------------- 229 82 3 6 22
14
CAMELLIAS for Alabama Landscape
HENRY ORR D, -t H, H ,/-
List 6 tc- 1cce
19iim tn tiii fr('(',v oii 1962-6:3, the'
lisi' lii ofi l i iOclx' txo i l' .'.wI ('ix x .
'Iiil slii b h i iix i I .4x t ' t 44 I 4 Ii ('4 411(1 \ I,
44,44''. .4(Tih h44 li4). a \4\(it 
1
i(( iti
tin' Soit l o fu itx flo\ixx a cii i 'l(ct. ()Iill\
xt'4
1
)' l4,4)4) for t x .4)44444'. \ .44 it li i
(4444c I ii of ( its44 ll-ili \iii 4 Ix('.' i .
I ox c Ix i t h his(,4 ' all lil ion o .444(-
44111144 54 i)4 t1' ia tItoix I tii I pxe I 2S()
('144\i x ot .. \ ch xiix('(i w hu uii41(' iThe
sa i 1) 1)1 44it1) ('444 xhe'i ('( I i t 141)
1144l' vill4'4' tlixt xitii'l."o \Ilxi'tii'x 441d
A wl11 ('44)444)444 ('1444 i(11 414 Lost( 'i.10-20j 1
t'li c)c. 54444 Los ) 41,41er (lal\ i(')( ii of(i
4441')th i tIoool cii' luli a44 ix. il'ilq144(
c4444 i il (144) li lr cII ~ i(x' '' ) a kxx i sc 4( o-)14t
))44(14' ,c iti' ' I m lii lx 1 i la I)4'4t('( t e to4 444
p',illtx i o44))))) xolit ii iii~ ia . ( I(I
I lnhlxt xr no4 i ,i'tix 44 t'4444i)4 c t', i llitix
off p4(144) ig 14(1:il ll c lll lil tl
ia.. ~ At left is a hedge of sasanqua camellia,
at right are two forms of common camellia,
~'~' J~ and above is a border of miscellaneous com-
mon camellias.
*,~~i.'11 lix xxnii~t Iilil I')) lwc i .) pl c it.1k lx IIIIII
Hi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( cfxSI4)1 (1c I i -'t.n i\ t I\(' I iI \\on l t. a~ in m
findItlixl pinkliic ('nlip tn 1. in iiinh
til toii Ih iplitc iusn t clicrl coputc
to bCii 1)44kl i'i) (eeop m )jx ' pub it i lci
\1 gI d i i ' I'n 14' Bhi (1 I piiC m atrltd
ix'nliniix i'ioxxii i'xiiji'( i loi mttinx ii il ii' ix i ilii'' l ti
\iinxt Ilt., 196.3.pl~ ipiii
Ill i cil t. sas1)14.xi(lii~ c'.4444'liaix ill fuill
Ilox '1' . t1he tilic of (it il )4t',4 o(') 4)s))hx4
griill 4)(14 i till C' '4 414(14)44 Citl4 (I' x..\t
14)441Ili x('4 xit\ ' pi i4u'illx If) iil~g('
xx\its )4441)' ) 1) 14 Il \ili i \it iiiittic'x
X 
4
i
4
tij liaiuiii
F'lnriI)4 il
Tc'x.O Stair
Slii(i-I'tik)4
1
i44
Sc't 'i 14. k k.
4
if).pitt4 .
C')IIxIf IsolT
oft he~i' xtt'lx. 444 t)) 141' lxiii c ose \i xj4t iii t
c441 4l- I xx(' of th i hol e 1)444)) i ilii c t i .) it) 4'
'rlic' stps .4)or)14 toi 1 4(4441 i ts pc ilisi~
(Cninr of flin4 r
Ios p
1
ink
\\ 1)114'
li
3
44x piiilk
Bell
\Ilxt uulit'i cix,' iii('1iill tlit' 444hip
1)44)44 theii AI iI 41)4)4 ( Cill iil (C1441) I lit\ I'
xii ha ictold dailr \\it c xx u44k1 n
.\lii'tjili l. t' l)ikiii 01cpa lix \ lilix be
lloxxr i dlt'tucii' (
1
ilct 1411(4'r ton
i('lii1. Yc'x -')i i ll h xx uu r'i ltiihx 4)44 h 41 s
x(4x)i N .4) itthe4.( Dlikirs Ii lit\. tc
tlc l'xi'licollx 4444 lt xli i(ti'x had'
Foill oif v/nit
Narrowph li4'.iii.
)'p 44f4 i t la
1 f
4
) 4p
1
it.t ii 'idoi
(444pac.t I ii4 hI
l)('.iitxt xx liciv c \ ii'iiiiix 14ii4))4ili'i' 4)
til' lii c'. ll t'ci .444(u'nii~c s
iixilldi c 144 s )i444 itsc 1144' ('14) .4x l).t'
L'')s xxt act kI lI, i)\tx. I ('ell .41'4itxtisill
xx sil hi'~ ou xx.41 ixic cai 444)4( ('Iii4)ll
ti-ili)le to' (44 o\ 44 (ix i) I xx.llxs ( ('Iil 'c ('(
c'.4) 144 .444 ilIi i il c )14)1) to'. '1 l( 1) a144 1444(
siipc'
FAYETTE EXPERIMENT 
FOREST
E. L. McGRAW, Department of Publications
A NINP01ANII H:1oP tiil)ce 1 ta
copiii ctN t\Xthids oXl11f' Stt's a loi
stlitiii lroit if(in.a thel ulmi i'g) utvX
iX the( FiX ott t'Expt'imen(it 
ForeXt XXhere
thei ei X ll~ ('11 jil li \-itX s begunii 
fio 1945.
'F it', foresl)t priojec'(t Xas IX OXtil 
iisl (id fit
I1944 XXitli ii furiii(I sl of 91(0 
acres tX fi
landi. 
Addtiiiia 
l urchasesX 
ill ]946 
i:o
c'reased( thei arca tol the' presenit 
total of
1,40)1 aicr'X. The atii trltiX 
et' -o l -
2.5 acresl). TheI reI~iiiim i 
1:36.5 ac101 t(
111it) . ii ll it re o'iif ~ tii 
r prodcXtii on
The igil t]XXili 
was(((IX.d t
PastY and P~lllereet oditions 
1o\ti
At talit' an o pstion of sii'ilc. tn 
s lI.i(
ei'lillic]N ;35 of, mcab i cil r,i taf 
ilt' I(X
iitlzn fllt'ttt'I stands o~t'l(f CiX 
o id
tloX dieve'l'ot' X it fi l IiXX( 
X t i il.Ic'
(j()E4tc of flit o er biil't'.i. 
l\\
fli filX slldonI if , ph lic' IioitIXX 
ids pine
old inisckIli X ticu .ii (o ds 
Ai oa likoEX
ilit )iiic . X litc oak, ,iiit 
lloX popl.
Th li. \c' two typs Eiilr i(4t'91(11 
to (t1e
uppi end of iititii XX\ tlc'ro (E sitiN lliot-'
((Io ii l fyellas e XX iw iton ((0I 
tXX ii(i30l.I'
Research Progra
tli'i l. p( i 4(1( itiioi \\ r 
u t l ic XX lotsl tov
o ItXXhish i til t i l]c iiv tlit' 
fuoalX areas~
Xft ilc XX Lit ter liti to 
it' Xli fiav XFl-
tot 11ci l rl 1((('eX Jil l 
l) (olojt't tX iifi
il IX pooic Nroli-lt ti YetpiXc 
tie \\ ililtd
FREEll Bullod eti or Repot 
oe Proes to
(lo~~E Vt S\t teicmh Dirtetoretivl
illol\,(I taubutorn, A lb isama 
l
PermllIt No 1132l~l 11il 
62 lli tOM
Most of the overstory in the area 
at left has
been marked for a better stand. 
The area
at right has been row-thinned 
to proper
stand.
(llt] tfill hli lii ti OXX i t% of 
high' 0( ( t lfi
it.% fores't p ilofults poi~le 
%diilc k(,i)i -
ill,,, tilt cuiltui c(osts XX itfiii 
thi nc toiiie
Xtl~il hee ill ii (a fli1l.]ot 
l
Th litilI oic Xtic Iiir tol fictcrilofXiX
p ittiol i fl (ttii. 1 30 
th(,io
Iii 19a4 .1 tlitIX 
of tif eIt't of Xjtt'i
cuiil-ii X 15fo gn n l hil-\ii t. \\Ii 
its
fiic] fiat] i i0-11le Xtilit if blm X(I 
s((I fX(it
XXC trX con(Il t rol b\1 t t fi X herbicidesl oiii
llt'i~X i t(.t'l tutf~iithilr .ii4 
h (l
l~iIt't 95:1, it ] d of theXX XXfct 
'i site
pIiiXX ('I go all fflo 'lti t XX 
of) O loX
tpoplir XXit ('I'lgliX il llXld filght The
fiel hg't it )ixe st\Iitll)(] ot. scicea 
c (11 X
joil(fr('lsN XtisctIXe t'trill'(f 
illc9a
tt'ii i ar t' il XXl J11X 11 so'g~ i l.5 oo tlIw'
weref L simiod ito 2ilil' tiir oiiiif extremf
XXrought Ii plci\('(I Ill] lliI thicepio
\\ts o eerie h bstIX.hd o
plillitiXLTY ve F\ pot In old AVOIDs
He~ils PAYMiit ENT tha plliiIXO of)300 )