SPRING 1959
of
AGRICULTURAL 
RESEARCH
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AGRICULTURAL~ 
~ EXEIMN STTO4 
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ALBM POYEHI 
NTTT
A Quarterly Report of Research
Serving All of Alabama
67 
a 9101
1? 13 14 15 16 47 18
N 20 '21 22 23 24 25
27 282 9 30
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HIGHLIGHTS of
Agricultural 
Research
VOLUME 6, No. 1 SPRING, 1959
BASIC RESEAR CH IN PEPPER BREEDING - Gives promise
of. Saving Important Industry -----------
87---------
FERTILIZER PLACEMENT CRITICAL FOR COTTON - Re-.
ports on Distribution for Top Yields ---------------- 4
COTTON INSECT CONTROL - Covers Experiments Using
M any Different Insecticides ----------------------- 5
Top BOARS SIRE BELIER CROSSBREDS
6
ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN ALABAMA - Survey Shows
Five Species Prevalent in State -----------
7
GULF COAST SUBSTATION. -Review of Major Accom-
p lishments and Current 
Research-- ----------------
8-9
PASTURE PLAN TS VALUABLE- Results Show Grazing
Important in Cattle Nutrition -------- -10
EUROPEAN BORER- Will Not Put Alabama-Out of the
Corn-Growing Business_ ------ ------------------ 11
WHEN SHOULD CORNBE PLANTED- Emphasizes Im-
portance of Pl anting on Time ---------------------- 12
BACKRUBBERS FOR LIVESTOCK PESTS- Provide Cheap
and Easy Method for Control--13
INDEX To ARTICLES - Published in Highlights of Agri-
cultural. Research, 1954-58 ----------- 14-15
Too MANY DEER IN ALABAMA? - Peak Population Pos-
sible W ithin D ecade 16-- -------------------------I
Published by
AGRICULTURAL EXPE-RIMENT
STATION of the
ALABAMA POLYTE-CI-NIC
I NSTITUTG
Auburn, Alabama
E. V. S MITH- ------
COYT WILSON-----
CHAS. F. SIMMONS
KENNETi- B. Roy
E. L. MCCBAW
R. E. STEVENSON-
----------D irector
.Associate Director
-Assistant Director
-- -- --- -- --- -- -E d itor
_Associate Editor
---Assistant Editor
Editorial Advisory Commiittee: COYT
WILSON; E. A. CURL, Associate Plant Pa-
tholo gist; XW.'0. EDEN, Enitomolo gist; T.
E. COIRLEY, Associate Agrictfural Engi-
neer; AND KENNETH- B. Roy.
PUBILICATIONS
Listed hiere are timely and new publications
reporting research by the Agricultural Ex-
periment Station.
Circular .126. Using Low-Volumne Farm
Sprayers covers uses for sprayers and tells
biow to calibrate and adjust sprayer for dif-
ferent spraying jobs.
Circular 127. Mechanized Cotton Produc-
tion in Alabama gives results of latest re-
search on producing cotton mechanically.
Progress Report 71. Effects of Feeding
Boroni to lHens to Prevent Flies explains
biow feeding smiall amounts of boron to
hiens prevents fly brecding in mainure.
Progress Report 72. Artificial Light for
Crowinig anid Laying Birds jprescrits results
of tests emu-iparing (iflereiit lighting sys-
tems for layers.
-
I a ej & d a . if i
W III-N AN Ameica oldlie iilrt' littdit
i l~t it ilii bl,ik to I Idiilisidll f dIloil til
stiti Ofi Tiiihixti, \lexii i iii ISD3, 1w
c' d tt' il ke I ii iiit i t I Ol s (It lu d i i t
%\ mld tilit~( the ila l x ikid \ iitt', xxa l lj(I\
i lltti il a i t ixt 'xt 1 l,,iiis il ous
all it'l t i " 1 11 1d] t
Su l l i l iikiix olt t iix'ii' 'Ili'X xill ilt
Stxti' li'ii tll it I" til k It \,it s iidll
N 1 ti t iii i tutu Taix i il t \%it il
Dhideas Idi enpl 1tifi e Alabama
Ii,-t li Ica spo d111 s( lo br~ i lf
11 
1 1 1 121 I 1 3 
1
ABOVE: The two fruits ot top xriu, size
range of peppers from a type of Tabosco
bred for resistance to tobacco-etch virus
at the API Agricultural Experiment Station.
The third fruit is from the susceptible
Tabasco pepper.
BELOW: Though inoculated with the etch
virus, the Auburn-developed type at left
demonstrates its resistance to the disease.
Wilting of Tabasco pepper plant at right
was caused by etch virus.
Fac reaate~d 6t
PEPPER BREEDING #eatoe
Javte 6wfetlzalo ! U4ra~
W. H. GREENLEAF, Veqetable Breeder
sel to il t. It \\,its hle that tike Too
hbatco po,'
1
)
1
)t'ils lateti hihie-lli' t t
phIiit ill th SIlt' Vtii Ofi thC xii lix.
Inisixxiai Of the dilsixi x ax atiiii
1
1 xilwAl
\iix t ii i iiiii ixtiitlw i'll Ilii it xx asx
Sensitivity Unique
lie Ias,ihi ix, pp'il Ii itdil st'liix
ill,, Ill it tittii x\\lit dise s ix'xt xithll I to 2
\xi tkx. Ill fact, itx [iiuijil x ilt wiaetiit
tp11ei i it dix i tic tte xxiti a xi I
1tiu4 il"ita-Illtlixl( iulid itx i pliii',
Ii i!~ distits iithaiit i )iit tCii i" ilil i ii it
t \x etl) the tW L). The Taliscoxe i latd
wlii)itii fipul ti/ xC')api atliim )ni
ti0 itit cri s NiN~ xx n litl ri i ll ill tih' saticl
flid i. Fl'ht ilii'Iitai lxii hrid lietxx Cl etate
t\) lxi at "(,k si'x xilit.
Breeding Resistant Peppers
-trlx ill th illititi )ettito b
1
xhi pro-
ali t Auburnixxii it becam I t sitiiab i toxi
"lft ii t 1li 'i x s Ito ti i I i' a Ii i t
Jsm1'i,c 0. nail iii ii I lisii ii ilt i lii it atil
tidi, at it ii i w lii al itit'idii o ii ii aitt
lte it O t i \it it i ix it i On Ct viiit i le 1(ii) t
haltiM iii it I iitx ii it i iit lt ilit ii
siistcep tIile pareitint iii ii iitri t iui i reosixes
\\xiii tit ixixstalit C . friiti'xii lx so-ii-Ce.
hl iiitit ci' xxits liiii xilillii ill boith~
l~iit xxilia it i i lx 
il l i l'(l i'' i'
tttiii tf il iixxi'x ith it the ii) 4ieihX
eililite l c Madei'tti l i t i'' ti4 lt tiax
tcn i ii lii iiiit ti x i bvitt xiiel
tlii itlil lii lil-it )4c ito.
flaikut ilihti iixil' iti
Lot i n t't'tto it possi te x i l ut ure i
tlhiei glbli, iixu iai txiii 1Tabi as i a,
xxiii'ie iutiixxe brie Iits ll liilu lixt
tiie i xlu li iii Ibiun iiti liiei ilii at
ll laixitiar Sthetiit diwilse bas
wher (Troweliiis xi, ik l it'" iitsIlil ii iis
teix ii li ( nuil \it(1 i t he f'xist Ilit
(st i ofii lyilt i liiitx ith il ieuts li ii
kiti,,x iiiltii, i ll i ixliuiilt bi',xixt iii at
ii KO\lFGEET The anuho ii it i-
11 li ltil l i llakjhi t w ixlovii iix
TVT ~ .. m - .- ,
7 7 
7
-~ ~ ,e~i -i.
~ ... AV
FI
1Liii1iLi/i ii i'i.CE N It Si i il n 1 iiiiInl
tault f'actor ftoi top viclds of tottoii. 'This
is tespecially tint' xx itli todax 's redcd 
atrt'ac andl usc of highi raitcs of tt'i
til iicr.
Poorly placcvd ftirtilizetr cafn catist tde-
cieased \i('ltl5. If I ci til iizr is plactee fin
Conitact xxitlh sct't oii' xx btrc Inoisti ii(
Can t'i'i'x, it tto thc St'e'd. tiletee st't'tl a
not gcliininatc. Es cii it tlit cotton t'onits
up.) thet sccdlings ima\ tliet. This tx pc, of
soluible salts iii feirtilizeri tltlix rlatc (thy
out) the x oiiiig sccdlitis.
With feriljicer pi'opt'rl placcd thetre
art' no liai iiifiil elleets to eottoi . Placec-
iuis'iit ill relation to scctd also iiiliiciicccs
[t'e clljt'jiit'N 1 lix xx \hith ft till/ti' is
talkciu 11f) lix \ plaints. 'Thlis is cspt'ciall'
tinet foir phiosphoirus.
Stand Studies
Stiidit's liax t' lect'ii nxadc li thit AN~
Agriciltsiial lxpcviitiit .titiioii to)
metasurei the etffect tof' frt ilizer fplat'-
iiit'iit oil cottoi stailds. 1('xiiltx of, tdif-
phlotos. \Xici fcirt ilize \'itx s pxlacted ill
toiitit't xwith [ilt stcd x cix pooi staini's
resulted. Poor stiliil lso otccirre'd
xxwht'n te feit ilizer xwits plactl tlii'ctly
iidcr tlic st'et, lxiciiise as t hc soil
(di illniistiii roist' aiiid nxloxe tile sa' lts
11p to t'e set'd. \\li c fet'i[lizer xwias
placed 2 to 3 iii. to [t' sitdt aniit 2 to 3
iii. icoxx [t'e seed, tlri ,t nixio sailt
diliagc. Siiicc thlci is littlt' ltceral
(shdcxs ass) inotvx cmnt oif' moistiure Ii
sii, [c fertilizer salts tdid iiot conic il
cii tct xxwih tht' sectd. \\'itli (certilizt'r
belowx t'e seed, it is ciisx for thii plant's
feedelr rotits to iiiteir'cpt the fertilizcr
bantd.
Cci [a ii feti tilizecis sein to a If t't standit
iimit' than otliis. Those' coiitiiiling amll
nioini phosphiatc (18-18-18) gist'
poiircr stan ds xxlcii placced wxithit[le
sct'ul thian ditd fi'itiliici s c-oitamiiir. so-
perphoIsphiate' (8-8-8), '1 itli 1. Whenci
gxIII psisil xa iFIt'tl xxWith tile ifiiioViiiiiii
phiisphlti' (ci tilizt'r, t'omsidc ralc iii-
pi iix 'nii'iit ill stand it]iesiiltetd.
E f ccts of11 pl aceimeni t and itlIit ilie
7graic onl gcrmxiilatiomi also 
shioxxd ctlsi
'T'Biii 1. Ei'Fiii I OFi 19 I1FNyI AND
GiiADE Oi F II Iii i/ it OiN ST ANii
s ~l X i tiizei' 'omii)
1,ct. Lb. li,
Si\ fill e
With, 'ii i
Witli 5I sci
I) ift Wxit' GO
8-8-8 68 9)08
8-8-8 2)) 277
18-1818 2 47
18-1 8-18
xx iti gyiixn _2(1-- 662
lb). each iif N, PM,) aiid
'S tid iit 11 ti iS liI' xxi Ct ti Ciolloid 1001%.
Stond effects from different placements are
shown above. Fertilizer was placed with
seed (left), under seed (center), and 2-3 in.
to side and below seed (right).
ill N eltls, Talelt I. Since oiiix at liimitedl
iiiin1bcr ofSe st'c l e i plaiitctl ( I evxci
Efficiency of Placement
Fild t stuis ilc t scx cral locit ion hi'Iaxvc
cil\~ riisx pAccd leritilizci. Biow placec-
iiiiit gaxvt higheicix cids, Tablec 2. At
high phophioiis iatcs tile diflcvciit'c
was simall. XWhcii lowecr rates xxr ci scd
the d iffeiince il i lxor of p npci' roxx
pl a ceici t b)caii it Iaijg( i llo t s of
pliflits rcacli a greatcr poitoli of the
fertilizer qiiicker if it is placed iii at
hand iicai thec sed than if it is scattered
Thex bes'xt plaiccmen t ofi [cit ilizetr fo
cottoii at plailtiiig bas bccii ill nlail nx
bands 2 to 3 iii. to thc side iaid 2 to 3
inl. belowx [ilt seedl. If c~piipiiicist is nlot
ax ailailcl for side' placeilocnt anld low
rates ir iiscd. feirtilizer call be beddedi
nil about 2 xwee'ks before pliiitig. O)i
soils that haxve hll'i wxcll fer tilizedl ill
[ilet palst or' xxlici high att's aire iiscl.
br oadcast app] ications gix c gootd results.
1 xiii i 2. En it 1 OF tlOxx ANDi BBioADCSoc
Co [ION, Ax Fii(i, OFi Si 8OC 1o.iSiON- EARSii
Bteti
11ilcinuiit P '0,
5
i 'd 
tor rows
(,of 
tiii1i
F b. in re Lb. in ri
fBows 1 i'i 1.45)0 55
[if omiit'st II igli 1 .1195
Bowx Liixx, 1 :397 121
IBroadstl t Loss 1,.276
' 114h rItiC' xx i 6()1l). ill 1950 aiid (N57
antI 72 11). iii 1 958.
-Loixx iriti' xxis it l1). inl 1956 iiiil 1957
aind 24 l1). iii 1958.
?eozakeen PLACEMENT
CRITICAL Op carraot
J. T. HlOOD and L. 2. FENSMINGER
Department of Agronomy and Soils
C lIi ION INSEiCT S I1(1St be Coliltrolilid
'I'llt' hull %\(,c\ i]i is ciiilsidli tilte Noi.
1 pcs)t toi cittoiii gi iiXei . Its sciXUI I ii
ali i i i (X 1 i il l(-, 195 I t il l i c it ilAI'
Xt'.iX. Reslts ofT lihoratorv andit fitli
Xtii(lit's Ili Aithinii.l shXow no( c\ il
3 
iceI
ofI inhlite bto( hll XX(cX il isitaI4cC to
inscticies iii il iiiilial ti it r Cotrolut
9.iiii )111 ld X'CCX s l ar' l.Ill to kill il
13K iio'l ti CiiCCX X tl it \ -t Iillints
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
\ai I ifIX IS ()t IX iii' co t Ii 1) is t i t b)1 ) I
obitillilinil\\i h Iil iillti~ltX It\doIIl
bol isct i.id3 -C.idd- XtiidifiX, t131W*f'
f.Iu il litiI ta].I oti or f oikle 'i. uiiilii t
(illi Ins ihii f(l .Iiit be S ( I ii t diX
Nimb t tue 0! weeus ecpil w
400 f ei lllil o ip ele "lo i
ltcd ]N-r c;Iedol Ie ctcdei\il[)o
Cotton at left hod no
treatment to prevent
boll weevil damage.,
The field at right got 'It A ~ . .
timely applications of tcr:'~~' ''
on effective 
Vnet- ~ ~ . 4"~ ~ ~ ''#
COTTON INSECT CONTROL
J. W. RAWSON and F. S. ARANT
Department of Zoology imntomno/ogy
Xer Cits effclt'tive Ct .15 to 20) l). put oil
Tests XXith 'gi .1 liar liIeftaill sliXoXX
jIII iilli i o good bll iiei X CCX oif ti ii
I ')tiIl()i "Iii i ldiiICt' XXI it 
1
i t Moit it til
oii XXCLXN i. 'I Tis ti Ct~toIiIt giX ', C Xt goiiul
XX cCX ii ctiit l its did 12 (lost oIi Xiii I
Phosphate Insecticides
/il t i l, I c lVI p l-t i l, a i
7;lli~ o).alp opit ls( tcd 
s
gi( itsieoY c lto fh l
;Il 
/s olk 
p cis 
o 
pd 
r Ilim o1e oti net.A %iholc
I.
P
C lection Do.
Seasonal abundance of weevils is illustrated by graph showing number 
of weevils caught
per week in 24 traps during 1958 season in central Alabama.
hs it X ulti2 X t'.Ii X rt'X.iilil Ii Iit.itc
tiX C li ofh XX ar ('C iOX I tii ind)clt.
ft l i (', i i I ii iii i s 1 7) to 201 11).i it
ii'. nui d (", CIVIu ilit \ .i) li'(I .i '4 11).ii
pet itiUi iCi0X 2tili XX id t'u'k d 1)tnuue
Ipi e ill XX('X il i lii . l'o. reut
"XIX oti n d \\ii il i(X 2%i p.iiti1 X i.itC
Xii XX) fpeiii~t il it il i i I l the 111111
andT M
6
c (tile 1) l1i10tX (t IIO) , ('4 1.iit
pci i t'iltX co itiijiii aXphis tant't't XC
Ilti l iil Lost X 2 iii S ikS iiI10
Ii i iti i ('L l ii(tt lec ii t'iit l o ii
Iiio p5)7 oii li tii (feli i o i l' oLi or'X Ill ill
t( 4 ADI M PORK PR M(Iitsil(X(isl
the pIX i i Ijll] ltX c l 't ix io 1 l ctrt oss-I'
XXitlliii iti '.im i ' o iii II lil ilil dII
TI I( c1 lit1 ill X itt I\ c 41 I\% ii "Io\. c 1 1 )( \%
jr)? IX thi IIXIc i f ii t l i t u l citiii N I -
(li(il t (ll -) c l ix L II il" ;1( l :lT l l-X
Itl~ til e lli ilt ofll ('I jlolit i he Xii
tol I i ta b ll i(t III(X) lTh posii .\ f
i cX t c X d i I I IIt li Ii I i I iX it 2 I I T11)
ii lxii il k t'i llX . I l h ict t li X i lt 1111 s IX
of I I (,I, (, il I it i ccd i i itt t1111 Iiill i. s1
6) i r p m iilil h I.o " I \(I
Ii I (Ix t I wI i () it I ) it Ii l I' tle I it
tiile il t e 111 ti it i i.i I i I il. ilI
Selection Study
A i tict ill XX itt) til isi l I )i I' I (i it
Xi 
1 
i S tiltil \i the X l (till (h-1 llt
t(1 1 till 111( lI 
1 1 1 
1w iili i l I( iil Ix
'I i l cx 
1 1 1 xt g t i l 
l ) l s 
I .I l l t 
i s ." fi l 
l " \ i
I tI lil t I iiii oi i i X l I I of 1111, I iiiul pIi Cl
loi11111 (11 t 11111 Iulo ilaic of mit s 1111 rII l
rt ill li11I i (t IX,;t111 il l it Ii ll t il iiis
Ii ~ l s(' lt t
1  
i IT o I cm \ IIl iItil i ii'
1114 to IX l It I w% XXI )111 iI i lI t t
I. \Itn 1141 nit i i 41111 Liti I imi XX p lii I ll'
it liIof I XI I "111]w (uXI XII II
11~ ~ ~ I.3(1 s( ft\% Ii i /l I 56x) Ill 1
Sit I J t( , io_ t( tt \\ t. llt,
XI XX Xi IIi 
1
) I ) Ii I (i XX (')I 0.t 21
Ii I 1( I T l h 2,, i i c 1111 )iI ixoll ix II Il m 1' ()1
7elz BOARS aoze
eeeoz CROSSBREDS
C. D. SQUIERS, Associate Animral Breeder
Hampshire boar at left gained 2 tb. 
per
day and had back fat almost 1 in. thick.
The Landrace boar at right gained 
2 lb.
per day and had back fat slightly 
over I
in. thick.
xii ('II t i ('I (im NI I I I' iiiiti II 
_
xihii h' il li. It X\\i ill' liw 
1
t tilmt 111
Crossbreeding System
II(1lit 1111cf liilw lit Illeilo I tpll
For~'i'i e ii gll, i ill?. X -l c ' XXo11 i .111'1
I lidi Il ii'k homi 'til xiii' ( 2)I 
ii bleet
Lxii iw 2. - )XI Xrksi 'in 2x)\i lie
usc iXt~ good I ill I Sitd lixkdcol
Doli' f Pla illl' I iit
M I. I AEN Il Ii. I'l
It t i2I 1 tA c_( PuSt
I. t L. No I, tt
1 ,I _1ti I t.6S 12 -) .
I I IS 13I i1 8 l5,6
lit) 1 1 1 I I ' 1l 65i ( 1 0 X i 4 i
I I sI I tti 1
Individual Performance
I Tl tdil l t III X ('X ii iii t X titl ill is he111
11111(-I'sX' xii111~.11itl lit liii ho m Ii i4i Ill-
ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE
aaueiotn e ALABAMA
E. J. CAIRNS, Nematologist
N . A. MINTON, Nematologist, USDA
A RIECENT SURVEY showing five dif-
ferent species of the root-knot nematode
that cause galled root systems to a wide
range of plants spells bad news to Ala-
bama farmers.
The fact that these species attack
many plants makes the situation com-
plex. However, awareness of the situa-
tion makes chances for successful con-
trol measures better than. in the past.
The important point is that these spe-
cies do have some differences in their
abilities to attack certain plants. To
turn these host range differences to the
grower's advantage, all recommended
crop plants for Alabama are being
tested by the API Agricultural Experi-
ment Station against the five species.
Results to date indicate some encourag-
ing prospects for particular crols and
varieties that are less susceptible to
certain species.
Past Recommendations
In the past, occasional failures of gen-
eralized recommendations as to suitable
crops and resistant varieties to be
planted in infested areas resulted fromn
regarding the root-knot nematode as a
single pest. The chances of success wxvith
crop rotations will be improved byv
knowing which species is present in a
particular area. The map should not be
used as a guide to the presence or ab-
sence of each kind of root-knot nema-
tode in a localized area as the survey
was limited in scope. Accurate identifi-
cations are made as a free service at
Auburn from soil and galled root sam-
pies sent in for examination.
Low-Cost Control
Hesults of research a-id tlme expcri-
ences of an increasing number of grow-
ers in the South show that chemical
control of nematodes is a profitable
measure for plants of high value. How-
ever, in the present situation, cost fac-
tors make finding other control measures
very desirable. Successful plant produc-
tion in infested areas can also be ob-
tained if plants are used that are either
tolerant or relatively resistant to at least
some of the species.
Another approach to low-cost control
is through use of plants that bring about
a reduction in parasite populations in
the soil. Some plants are unsuitable food
for nematodes causing death by starva-
tion. There are other plants that act as
traps; the nematodes enter the roots
but are unable to complete their life
cycles. An example of this is crotalaria.
Such possibilities for control have
scarcely been explored.
Growers Can Help
Alabama growers can help develop
these low-cost control methods. The
entire state is a testing ground for plant
tolerance or resistance against various
species. Observant growers can report
instances of plants of any kind, even
weeds, that do not appreciably gall or
otherwise seem unaffected under cir-
cumstances whlere the diseased condi-
tion would be expected. Send such infor-
mtation to the Nematology Laboratory,
Department of Botany and Plant Pa-
thology, API Agricultural Experiment
Station, Auburn. Soil and galled root
samples can also l)e sent for determin-
ing which of the species are in plant-
ings. These determinations are a free
service and a means of broadening
knowledge concerning this important
plailt pest.
The map shows locations of five species of
root-knot nematodes found in Alabama.
A. Cotton, B. Southern, C. Javenese, D.
Peanut, and E. Northern.
Nematodes In Heavy Soils
Another aspect of the root-knot nem-
atode situation in Alabama has been
the frequent findings of these parasites
in the heavier types of soil. For exam-
ple, once they have been introduced,
on infested transplants from other areas,
they can thrive even in heavy soil.
However, it may be true that they are
more abundant and more damaging in
the lighter soils. Too many instances of
severely root-knotted plants from heavy
soil types have been observed to mean
freedom from the disease once the soil
has been infested.
The hazard of introducing or trans-
ferring root-knot nematodes from one
place to another is of special impor-
tance. To introduce these pests into new
areas is bad enough, but to bring an-
other species into infested areas could
certainly complicate low-cost control
through use of rotations and resistant
varieties. The usefulness of these meth-
ods is depeindent upon differenices in
host ranges that exist between the in-
dividual species. To have more than
one species present at a time may make
control by these means impossible ex-
cept through use of chemicals.
f~~i- - '.'
7eGULF C0i
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These photos show results of research at the Gull Coast Sub-
station. (I) Stands of clover like this are now being grown.
121 This high-quality oat
vember. 131 These good
'A ~'
N'NNIA
UI3STAIION-
tant Editor
iten dent
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PASTURE PLANTS VALUIABLE
eef cree NUTRITION
W. P, ANTH-ONY, Ant-, Ni~tiict
itl it,, 
I litt
I ,iixx 1. ' 1 l). :I '
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see Volley Substation, Belle Mino.
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Tests at Piedmont Substation
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turopean breC etot
PUT ALABAMA OUT
o CORN-GROWING
BUSINESS
W. G. EDEN, Entomologist
"INCE CROSSING our northern borders,
:he European corn borer in the last 8
years has infested nearly two-thirds of
Alabama.
Found first in Lauderdale and Madi-
son counties in 1950, it had taken the
pest 33 years to migrate from Massa-
chussetts where it was first discovered
in the United States in 1917. Attempts
to halt the corn borer have failed and
it has continued to move southward
toward the Gulf. Since discovery of the
insect in Alabama, entomologists like
those of other invaded areas helplessly
\vatched its movement into new terri-
tory.
Movement in Alabama
For 2 years, 1951 and 1952, no
movement was recorded, but in 1953 it
was found in Etowah County. Though
infestations were not severe enough to
attract attention, the insect had grad-
ually moved southward. Four additional
counties were found infested in 1954
and seven in 1955. By the end of 1956,
the corn borer was known to be in 15
northern Alabama counties. It wvas
found as far south as Cleburne, Jeffer-
son, and Tuscaloosa counties by the end
of 1957. Last year, the corn borer was
recorded in 11 additional counties, the
soitheriinost of \Vwhich was Montgom-
ery. (See map.) If it continues to move
southward at its present rate, every
county in the State will be infested
within a few years.
Can Still Grow Corn
Although the corn borer is a severe
pest and must not be takeii lightly, it is
Shown here is the movement
of the European corn borer
in Alabama since 1950. By
1958, 35 counties north of
that line were infested. No
borers were reported in Bibb,
Clay, Coosa, and Talladega
counties within the infested
portion of the State.
emphasized that the insect will not put
Alabama farmers out of the corn-grow-
ing business.
In the Mid-West where the corn
borer has been for years, a general rule
of-thumb is that each corn borer per
stalk reduces yield by 3%. Although
this has not been determined for Ala-
bama, it is likely that the pest does
about the same damage here as it does
in the Corn Belt.
Recognition
Alabama farmers should learn to rec-
ognize the corn borer, its damage, and
when to apply control measures. The
adult stage of the corn borer is a pale,
yellowish brown moth with a wing
spread of about 1 in. The wings have
dark irregular' bands running in wavy
lines across them. The worms are from
34 to 1 in. long, flesh-colored, and have
ratlher small, rotund, brown spots.
Infestations in corn fields are often
indicated by cornstalks with broken
tassels or by lodged (broken) stalks.
Other signs of the presence of the corn
borer are small feeding areas on the
leaves; fine, sawdust-like castings on
the tipper sides of the leaves or on the
stalks; smnall holes in the stalks with
castings protruding from the holes; and
flesh-colored worms boring into the
stalks, tassels, or ears. After study of
the corn borer, it is easy to distinguish
it from the corn earworm, fall army-
worm, and southern corn-stalk borer, all
of which may be found in most any
Alabama corn field.
Controls
Research results of the API Agricul-
tural Experiment Station show use of
insecticides to be a valuable tool in
European corn borer control. The most
satisfactory result will be obtained from
use of properly timed applications of
sprays or granules. The need for treat-
ment must be determined, of course,
by value of the crop and amount of in-
festation. Details of these procedures
are being worked out for Alabama con-
ditions. Indications are that treatment
of field corn will usually be profitable
if 50 or more egg masses per 100 plants
are present or if extensive leaf feeding
is present on early corn that is more
than 3 ft. in extended height.
The following insecticides and rates
are recornmmiended at the present time
on corn: DDT, 1.5 lb. per acre; endrin,
0.3 lb).; or toxaphene, 3.0 lb). HIleptachlor
also looks promising.
11
ceM
V 2 8 29, .:.
6 7 8 91011
12 13 14 15 6 1718
. .. J. T.
LOCATION AND VARIETY are fators
that determine the best time to plant
corn in Alabama.
Location is important because of
large differences in climate, especially
temperature and rainfall distribution.
The average date of last killing frost in
the spring varies from about February
20 on the Gulf Coast to about April 5
near the Tennessee line. Average warm-
season precipitation (April through Sep-
tember) varies from about 38 in. near
the Coast to as low as 24 in. in some
central areas of the State.
Variety of corn is important because
of large differences in number of days
between planting and maturity of the
early, medium, and late hybrids. Plant-
ing date for corn should lIe selected so
that the period of maximum moisture
need for the variety will come at a time
when rain can be expected. The period
of greatest moisture need is from about
10 days before to 20 days after silking
and tasseling.
Time of Planting Tests
Experiments on time of planting corn
were conducted at 9 Alabama locations
from 1953 through 1957. Locations in-
cluded 4 stations in northern, 2 in cen-
tral, and 3 in southern Alabama. Varie-
ties varied between locations and from
year to year.
Early or short season hybrids used
were Funk G-50, MceGurdy 95, and
PAG 61. Medium season varieties wvere
Funk G-711, Funk 779-W, PAG 620,
PAG 631, and U. S. 13. Late and very
late varieties included Coker 811, Coker
911, Dixie 11, Dixie 18, Dixie 29, Dixie
33, Funk G-714, La. 521, and Tenn.
10.
Results are presented in the table.
Yields for the best dates in these ex-
periments are in bold type. Experi-
lents were not the same at all loca-
12
H EN sehtd
Sde PLANTED?
COPE, JR., Associate Agronomist
tions within a region. Therefore, some
hybrid types were tested more fre-
quently than others and comparisons
cannot be made of yields in the table
between maturity groups. These data
are suitable only for comparing dates of
planting for individual maturity groups
of corn within a region. The Experi-
ment Station Corn Variety Report
should be used in selecting hybrids to
be planted.
Results show tlhat in each region
there is a tendency for hybrids of later
maturity to have earlier best planting
dates. Early maturing hybrids should
be planted later than tile full season
corns. This is in contrast to the common
practice of planting the slhort season
hybrids for early hogging-off. The data
show that early planting of early hy-
brids will result in yield loss. This loss
is great enough in most cases 
to justify
planting the more productive medium
or full season hybrids, harvesting, and
storing the corn for feeding the follow-
ing summer. For these reasons, early
NORTHERN
Early
Medium
Late
ALABAMA'
23
20
10
itriIg I l rids are c1ot generally rec-
onnell(ded.
Plant For Rainfall
These results on date of planting
appear reasonable when considering
rainfall distribution in most areas of
Alabama. May and June are the driest
stimmer months. Rainfall increases eol-
siderably ill July and August. Therefore,
it is logical that quick-mnatiring corns
should be planted late so that their pe-
riod of maximum water need will come
when rain is most probable. By the
same reasoning, full season corns should
be planted earlier.
As was expected, results show that
all types of-corn should be planted
earlier in southern than in northern Ala-
bama. Best planting dates are:
Northern Alabama
Early varieties------- April 20 to May 10
Medium varieties.. April 10 to April 30
Late varieties------- April 1 to April 20
Central Alabama
Early varieties----- April 10 to April 30
Medium varieties (Inconclusive data)
Late varieties-------- April 1 to April 20
Southern Alabama
Early varieties------- April 1 to April 20
Late and very late
varieties -er----- 
March 20 
to April 10
These dates are about the same as
recommended dates for planting cotton.
Time of planting is less critical for corn
than for cotton. It is usually wise not to
plant all corn at one time because of
probability of drought. For farmers pro-
ducing both cotton and corn, it is wise
to plant late varieties of corn first, thlen
plant cotton, and finish planting with
the shorter season corn hybrids.
CoRN YIELD FnO\i DATE OF PLANTING EXPEnIMENTS AT NINE LOCATIONs, 1953-57
Maturity
of
hybrids
Times
tested
Per acre yield from different planting dates
Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Apr. Apr. Apr. May May May
1 11 21 31 10 20 30 9 19 29
46.4 47.9 52.0 51.8 51.5 47.3 89.()
53.8 55.2 57.6 55.7 54.0 54.0 47.0
55.3 57.3 55.4 50.6 49.8 48.2 40.8
CENTRAL ALABAMA
'
Early 9 33.5 35.6 39.8 45.4 46.4 45.9 41.7 39.6
Medium 4 23.2 23.1 29.8 40.1 40.2 43.4 44.0 44.2
Late 7 41.0 46.4 55.4 55.6 52.2 50.0 49.7 46.7
SOUTHERN ALABAMA'
Early 11 23.4 26.3 4)0.1 44.2 45.7 42.2 34.5 27.1 22.4
Late 13 50.7 48.5 47.6 47.1 45.6 41.2 33.5 24.6 21.0)
Very late 15 47.7 48.9 61.4 60.7 59.3 54.6 46.8 41.3 37.6
Sand Mountain, Tennessee Valley, and Upper Coastal Plain Substations and the
Alexandria Field.
- Aliceville and Prattville Fields.
! Gulf Coast and Wiregrass Substations and the Brewton Field.
No. BJu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bit. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu. Bu.
Cattle walking under backrubbers get ap-
plication of insecticide for pest control.
kl t it itX Il 1'. I I i h t I )I \, 1 ) I k. i XI (I
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Backrubbers Show Promise
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t
BACK RUIBBERS-
coecalz aad~ ca@V 
ietead %
(eatacwl, lae,
KIRBY L. HAYS, Assistant Entomologist
C 0 a tot 0 e&ot 5
Index to Articles Published in
HIGHLIGHTS of AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
1954-1958
L ISTED according 
to subject on these
two pages are 146 articles published in
the first five volumes of HIGHLIGHTS OF
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. Extra copies
of all issues excepting Volume 3, Num-
ber 4, winter issue of 1956, are avail-
Animal Breeding
BEEF BREEDERS AIDED BY SIRE-TESTING
PROGRAM-Gregory. Vol. 1, No. 2. 1954.
BETTER HOGS THROUGH PERFORMANCE
TESTING-Squiers. Vol. 4, No. 2. 1957.
CATTLEMEN KEEP SHARP EYES ON PER-
FORMANCE TESTs-Warren. Vol. 4, No. 3.
1957.
HIGHER MILK PRODUCTION FROM BETTER
SIRED REPLACEMENTS-Autrey. Vol. 1, No.
1. 1954.
SUPERIOR HOGS SOUGHT IN BREEDING
PROGRAM-Squiers. Vol. 1, No. 3. 1954.
Animal Production
HOGS NEED ZINC Too!-Tucker. Vol. 3,
No. 2. 1956.
MANAGED CALF CROP INCREASES BEEF
PROFITS-Anthony and Warren. 
Vol. 4,
No. 1. 1957.
NITROGEN NOT GUILTY OF GRASS
TETANY-Roberts. Vol. 3, No. 4. 1956.
PASTURE OR CONCRETE FOR GROWING
HoGs-Tucker. Vol. 4, No. 3. 1957.
SELECTION-THE KEY TO MORE FALL
LAMBS-Wiggins. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
SHEEP-ON THE COMEBACK IN ALA-
BAMA-Martin. Vol. 2, No. 4. 1955.
Crop Storage'
PEANUTS LOSE WEIGHT IN STORAGE-
Yeager and Ward. Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
STORING GRAIN CAN BOOST PROFITS-
White and Yeager. Vol. 5, No. 2. 1958.
WHAT HAPPENS TO PEANUTS DURING
STORAGE?-Ward, Yeager, and Butt. Vol.
2, No. 3. 1955.
Dairy Husbandry
COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS VERSUS AL-
FALFA HAY AS A DAIRY FEED--Hawkins.
Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
How MUCH PROTEIN FOR DAIRY COws?
-Hawkins. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
No STOOP-No SQUAT! V-TYPE PARLOR
CUTS MILKING TIME 25% PER Cow-Yea-
ger, White, and Alvord. Vol. 2, No. 2.
1955.
PORTABLE PENS SUPERIOR FOR RAISING
CALVES-Autrey. Vol. 1, No. 2. 1954.
RAISE HEIFERS CHEAPER BY CUTTING
OuT GRAIN-Autrey and Hawkins. Vol. 5,
No. 1, 1958.
SERICEA-SHORT AS A NUTRITIVE ROUGH-
AGE-Hawkins. Vol. 3, No. 4. 1956.
Farm Buildings
A SINGLE DESIGN FOR Low-CosT BARNS
-Grub. Vol. 3, No. 2. 1956.
ENJOY COOLER SUMMER TEMPERATURES
FROM ATTIC VENTILATION-Grub. Vol. 5,
No. 2. 1958.
14
able to readers who are missing copies
and wish to complete their files of the
quarterly. Write Editor, API Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Auburn, Ala.,
for needed copies; specify volume, num-
ber, and issue date.
MILKING PARLOR DESIGNED WITH POCK-
ETBOOK IN MIND-Grub. Vol. 4, 
No. 3.
1957.
RESEARCH RESULTS SHOW FARM STOR-
AGE IS SAFE AND PROFITABLE-Butt. Vol.
1, No. 2. 1954.
Form Economics
ALABAMA'S CHANGING AGRICULTURE
Yeager. Vol. 3, No. 4. 1956.
FARMING ON 30 ACREs-Blackstone and
Gissendanner. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
OPPORTUNITY TO GROW-Wilson. Vol.
5, No. 3. 1958.
PRODUCTIVITY -THE BASIS OF FARM
LAND VALUES-Alvord. Vol. 2, No. 4.
1955.
TANKS REPLACE MILK CANS-Marshall
and Yeager. Vol. 4, No. 2. 1957.
TREND TOWARD LARGER FARMS IN ALA-
BAMA-Yeager. Vol. 3, No. 2. 1956.
Fertilization
BELIEVE IN SIGNS? DISCOLORED CAMEL-
LIA LEAVES INDICATE DEFICIENCY OF
PLANT NUTRIENTS-Orr. Vol. 2, No. 2.
1955.
GRow on Buy NITROGEN FOR CORN?-
Cope. Vol. 2, No. 3, 1955.
LIME FOR GoOD STAND AND YIELD OF
COTTON-Rouse and Adams. Vol. 5, No.
4. 1958.
MAINTAINING ENOUGH SOIL POTASSIUM
IMPORTANT-Rouse. Vol. 3, No. 1. 1956.
PECANS NEED ZINc-Hagler, Vol. 3, No.
1. 1956.
SOIL TESTING-LEADING TO IMPORTANT
CHANGES IN FERTILIZATION-Wilson. Vol.
3, No. 3. 1956.
SOIL TESTING MAKES IT POSSIBLE FOR
ALABAMA FARMERS TO GET THE MOST
FROM THEIR FERTILIZER DOLLARs-Wil-
son. Vol. 1, No. 3. 1954.
SOIL TESTS-THE KEY TO MORE PROFITS
FROM PEANUTS-Scarsbrook and Cope. Vol.
2, No. 4. 1955.
SULFUR IS A NECESSARY ELEMENT FOR
PLANT LIFE-Ensminriger. Vol. 4, No. 1.
1957.
WINTER LEGUME CROPS FOR GREEN
MANURE-Cope. Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
Field Crops
A QUICK TEST FOR SEED PEANUTS-
Browne. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
How COTTON YIELDS ARE AFFECTED
BY DEPTH OF SEEDBED PREPARATION-
Corley, Stokes, and Kummer. Vol. 1, No.
2. 1954.
IMPROVED SORGHUMS PRODUCE HIGH
YIELDS OF SILAGE AND SYRUP-Langford
and Stokes. Vol. 3, No. 2. 1956.
MAN-MADE WEATHER FOR COTTON RE-
SEARCH-ROUSe and Sowell. Vol. 3, No. 4.
1956.
MoRE MOLASSES FOR ALABAIA-Cope.
Vol. 4, No. 3. 1957.
PLANTING COTTON ON TIME URGENT
Tils YEA-Cope. Vol. 5, No. 1. 1958.
RESULTS TELL TIME FOR PLANTING OATS
-McCain and Selman. Vol. 2, No. 3.
1955.
WILEY SORGo-A NEW VARIETY FOR
QUALITY SIRUP PRODUCTION- Langford.
Vol. 4, No. 1. 1957.
Fish Production
ARE FARM PONDS WORTH THE MONEY?
-Hutchinson and White. Vol. 5, No. 3.
1958.
GROWING DEMAND FOR FISHING PER-
MITS ON FARM PONDS-Prather. Vol. 5, No.
1. 1958.
Now COMMERCIAL FISH FARMING -
Swingle. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
SAVE IT! WHY HAUL IT?-Swingle. Vol.
4, No. 3. 1957.
Food Processing
NEW PROCESS PRODUCES SUPERIOR JAM
AND JELLY Harris. VoL 4, No. 4. 1957.
NEW USES FOR Low GRADE SWEETPO-
TATOES-Harris and Barber. Vol. 5, No. 3.
1958.
Forage Crops and Pastures
CRIMSON CLOVER-STILL THE TOP FOR-
AGE PRODUCER-Langford. Vol. 4, No. 4.
1957.
FALL AND WINTER GRAZING FOR ALA-
BAMA-Langford. Vol. 1, No. 2. 1954.
PASTURE RENOVATION -Patterson and
Searcy. Vol. 5, No. 2. 1958.
PERENNIAL SUMMER GRASSES FOR UP-
LAND PASTUREs-Langford. Vol. 4, No. 2.
1957.
QUALITY PASTURES ARE MONEY SAVERS!
-Evans. Vol. 3, No. 2. 1956.
Forestry
EVEN ON ABANDONED CROP LAND PINES
PAY-Livingston and Carothers. Vol. 2,
No. 3. 1955.
SOIL AND QUALITY PINE SEEDLINGS-
May and Gilmore. Vol. 4, No. 1. 1957.
THIN OR NOT TO THIN?-Livingston.
Vol. 8, No. 3. 1956.
THIRTY YEARS RESEARCH HAS PROVIDED
TIMBER OWNERS BETTER METHODS FOR
HIGHER RETURNS-DeVall. Vol. 2, No. 2.
1955.
TREES CAN BE NO BETTER THAN THEIR
PARENTS-Garin and May. Vol. 1, No. 1.
1954.
WHAT'S YOUR WOODLOT WORTH? -
Christen. Vol. 4, No. 4. 1957.
Fruits and Vegetables
BEAN AND SQUASH YIELDS UPPED BY SOIL
FUMIGATION-Jonnson and Ware. Vol. 5,
No. 4. 1958.
EARLY PEACHES MEAN MORE PROFITS
FOR GRowEs-Hagler and Johnson. Vol.
2, No. 4. 1955.
FERTILITY IMPORTANT TO QUALITY PRO-
DUCTION-Hagler and Carlton. Vol. 3, No.
4. 1956.
MINOR ELEMENTS FOR FRUIT AND VEGE-
TABLES-Wear and Hagler. Vol. 5, No. 3.
1958.
Insects and Controls
A WOR1D OF CAUTION ABOUT INSECTI-
CIDAL RESIDUES Blake. Vol. 4, No. 4.
1957.
AlBE ALABAMA BOLL \VEEVILS GETTING
I IAmER To KILL--Arant and Burkhalter.
\'ol. 5, No. 1. 1958.
BOLL 'VEEVIL-THEN AND Now-Roy
and Arant. Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
CONTROL SOIL INSECTS WITH INSECTI-
CIDE FERTILIZEL- MIXTUREs-Eden. Vol. 4,
No. 3. 1957.
COTTON INSECTS CAN COST STATE'S
GOWVERS $5() MILLION IN A SINGLE YEAR
-Arant. Vol. 2, No. 2. 1955.
FACTS ABOUT THE IMPORTED FIRE ANT
-Arant, Hays, and Speake. Vol. 5, No. 4.
1958.
FIGHT AGAINST GRAIN INSECTS BEGINS
Now!-Eden. Vol. 3, No. 1. 1956.
IMIPORTED FIRE ANT-ON THE MARCH
IN ALABAMA-Blake. Vol. 3, No. 3. 1956.
INSECTS ARE FORESTS' WORST ENEMY-
Hyche. Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
INSECT DAMAGE TO STORED CORN CAN
BE GREATLY REDUCED-Eden. Vol. 1, No.
2. 1954.
LIFE HISTORY OF EUROPEAN COHN
BOIER II'PORTANT Eden. Vol. 5, No. 2.
1958.
I1PEANUTS-A FAVORITE DELICACY OF
STORED FOOD INSECTS-Hyche and Arthur.
Vol. 2, No. 3. 1955.
PROGRESS MADE IN CONTROL OF EUROP-
EAN CORN BORER-Eden. Vol. 4, No. 1.
1957.
SYSTEMICS - A NEW APPROACH TO
FIGHTING ORNAMENTAL PLANT INSECTS-
Arthur. Vol. 2, No. 1. 1955.
SYSTEMICS MAY BE FUTURE CONTROL OF
EXTERNAL PARASITES-Adkins. Vol. 3, No.
2. 1956.
Irrigation
IRRIGATION? DEPENDS ON RELIABLE WA-
TER SOURCE, COSTS OF SYSTEM AND 
OP-
ERATION, AND USE OF GOOD METHODS
Wilson. Vol. 1, No. 3. 1954.
PLASTIC HOSE A LABOR SAVER IN SPRIN-
KLER IlRIGATION-Bouwer and Helms. Vol.
4, No. 2. 1957.
WHAT S TO BE GAINED FROM IRRIGATION
OF PEACHES-Hagler and Carlton. Vol. 5,
No. 1. 1958.
Marketing
CASH IN ON-SEASONAL PRICE CHANGES
-White and Yeager. Vol. 3, No. 1. 1956.
EGG PROFITS OR LOSSES? PROFITABLE OP-
ERATION HINGES ON Goon MANAGEMENT
AND IARKETING PRACTICES -Blackstone
and Henderson. Vol. 1, No. 3. 1954.
FACTORS AFFECTING FARM PRICES OF
LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS-
Lanham. Vol. 1, No. 2. 1954.
FREEZE 'EM! SURPLUS EGGS CAN BE
PROCESSED FOR HOME USE AND FOR M1AR-
KET--Goodman. Vol. 2, No. 2. 1955.
MfARKET FACILITIES LAGGING BERHIND
PEACHI PlIIODUCTION Danner and S)ith.
Vol. 5, No. 2. 1958.
PRESTO-PI LIKED BY CONSUMERS IN
STUDY--Mlarshall and Danner. Vol. 5, No.
4. 1958.
SHooT FOR HEAVIER, QUALITY CAI.VES
SAYS MfARKET STY v-Danner. Vol. 4, No.
1. 1957.
WHICH MEAT GETS SHOPPERS' DOLLARS?
Marshall and Danner. Vol. 5, No. 1. 1958.
WIDE-OPEN MARKET FOR HIGH QUALITY
CHRISTMAS TREES Alvord. Vol. 4, No. 4.
1957.
Mechanization
LAND SELECTION AND PIIEPAlRATION ARE
FIRST STEPS IN COTTON MECHANIZATION-
Corley, Stokes, and Kummer. Vol. 1, No.
3. 1954.
COTTON INSECTICIDES OF L1TTLE VALUE
IF Nor PROPER1LY APPLIED-Corley, 
Stokes,
and Kumner. Vol. 2, No. 2. 1955.
MECHANICAL lARVEST TAKES AWAY
DRUDGERY OF HAND PICKING - Corley,
Stokes, and Kummer. Vol. 3, No. 3. 1956.
PLANTING AND CULTIVATING ARE IM-
PORTANT STEPS IN COTTON MECHANIZ-
ATION-Corley, Stokes, and Kummer. Vol.
2, No. 1. 1955.
WORK-FREE DAIRY FEEDING - Rollo.
Vol. 4, No. 4. 1957.
Plant Breeding
A P ORE TASTY, NUTRITIOUS SERICEA Is
Now POSSIBLE-Donnelly and Hawkins.
Vol. 1, No. 3. 1954.
COOPERATION SPEEDS UP NEW CORN
HYBRIDS To FARMERS-McCain. Vol. 1,
No. 1. 1954.
NEW ALABAMA WHIITE CLOVER Now IN
THE MAKING-Gibson. Vol. 1, No. 1. 1954.
NEW COTTONS AND CORNS ARE PROD-
UCTS OF YEARS OF PLANT BREEDING-
Smith and McCain. Vol. 2, No. 1. 1955.
VEGETABLE VARIETIES FOR 
ALABAMA
CONDITIONS Isbell. Vol. 1, No. 1. 1954.
Plant Diseases
DISEASE CONTROL OF SMALL GRAINS
HAS TWO-FOLD PURPOSE-Lyle. Vol. 5,
No. 3. 1958.
RESEARCI POINTS TO ARREST OF PLANT
WORLD THUGS THREATENING WHITE CLO-
VER-Curl. Vol. 2, No. 3. 1955.
SEED TREATMENT PROTECTS SEEDLING
OATS AGAINST DISEASE AND RESULTS IN
BETTER STANDS-Lyle. Vol. 2, No. 2. 1955.
TERRACLOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL FOR
SOUTHERN BLIGHT-Diener. Vol. 5, No. 2.
1958.
Poultry Husbandry
AUBURN STRAIN WHITE LEGHORN -
Moultrie, King, and Cottier. Vol. 1, No. 1.
1954.
BORON FED LAYERS KEEPS DOWN FLIES
-Goodman. Vol. 5, No. 2. 1958.
CRD-A DREADED POULTRY DISEASE
COMPLEx-McNeil. Vol. 3, No. 3. 1956.
Do ANTIBIOTICS INCREASE EGG PRODUC-
TION?-Ingram. Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
EVEN MORE MIEAT PER POUND OF FEED)
MAY BE EXPECTEI) FRON POULTRY NUTRI-
TION RESEAICI-Ingram. Vol. 2, No. 1.
1955.
FOWL Pox-A CONSTANT THREAT-
Edgar and Bond. Vol. 4, No. 2. 1957.
IIYBRID VIGOR AT LOWER COST Moul-
trie, Cottier, and King. Vol. 2, No. 3. 1955.
LEUCOSIS-TIIE KILLER OF 50 MILLION
lIENS A YEAR IN TIE U.S.-Cottier, Moul-
tri(, and King. Vol. 2, No. 4. 1955.
LIIr FOR BIIOILERS-How MUCH?-
Moore and Moultrie. Vol. 3, No. 4. 1956.
MO1 EG(GS FOnl MARKET IN TILE FALL-
King. Vol. 1, No. 2. 1954.
NEW REMEDY FOR ROUNDWORMS IN
POULTRY Edgar. Vol. 3, No. 2. 1956.
QUALITY BROILERS AT LOWER FEED
CosTs Cottier. Vol. 4, No. 4. 1957.
"STIiIUI.iiTING" l[ ENS-A NEW DE-
VEIOPIENT FOR UPPING E(cG PnOIUCTION
-King. Vol. 5, No. 1. 1958.
WORMS CUT PRODUCTION OF CHICKENS
-Edgar. Vol. 5, No. 3. 1958.
You CAN NOW INOCULATE AGAINST COC-
CIDIOSs-Edgar. Vol. 3, No. 1. 1956.
Soil Pests and Soil Borne Diseases
SFUMIGANTS -DESTROY SOIL PESTS -
Lyle, Cairns, and Smith. Vol. 2, No. 4.
1955.
MICROBE VERSUS MICROBE-Curl. Vol.
4, No. 2. 1957.
NEMATODES AND ROOT-ROT CAUSE SEED-
LING DAMAGE-Hopper. Vol. 5, No. 3.
1958.
NEMATODES-TINY BUT MIGHTY-RE-
SEARCH UNDER WAY POINTS TO DEVELOP-
MENT OF BETTER AND CHEAPER CONTROLS
-Cairns. Vol. 2, No. 1. 1955.
Variety Testing
BETTER YIELDS RESULT FROM CROP VA-
RIETY TESTING PROGRAM-Rogers. Vol. 1,
No. 1. 1954.
Weed Control
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF JOHNSON AND
BERMUDAGRASS Now A FACT-Searcy. Vol.
4, No. 1. 1957.
CHEMICAL WEED 
CONTROL IN 
COTTON
CUTS HOE LABOR 80-100%-Searcy. Vol.
2, No. 1. 1955.
RADIOACTIVE HERBICIDES AID RESEARCH
-Davis, Funderburk, and Sansing. Vol. 5,
No. 3. 1958.
2,4-D EFFECTS ON OATs-Searcy and
Sharman. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
WEED STRAWBERRIES WITH CHEMICALS
-Livingston, Carlton, and Hagler. Vol. 4,
No. 2. 1957.
WEEDS IN PASTURES CosTLY-Searey.
Vol. 3, No. 1. 1956.
WILD GARLIC AND ONIONS Now CAN BE
CONTROLLED-Searcy. Vol. 3, No. 4. 1956.
Wildlife
FEATHERS-THE SIGNS OF AGE-Hau-
gen. Vol. 3, No. 3. 1956.
SAINT OR SINNER?-Davis and Haugen.
Vol. 4, No. 3. 1957.
Miscellaneous
A REPORT FROM THE AGRICULTURAL Ex-
PERIMENT STATION-Smith. Vol. 8, No. 1.
1956.
NEW BUILDINGS FOR TEACHING AND RE-
SEARCH-Smith. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
NUCLEAR ENERGY AND FARM RESEARCH
AT AUBURN-Wilson. Vol. 3, No. 3. 1956.
PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING-WHAT
IT MEANS TO THE FARAIER-Simmons. Vol.
1, No. 1. 1954.
RESEARCH UNITS FORM SYSTEM SERVING
ALL OF ALABAMA-Smith. Vol. 1, No. 2.
1954.
ThE BLACK BELT SUBSTATION STONY-
A REVIEW OF SERVICES TO THE REGION-
McGraw, and Smith. Vol. 5, No. 4. 1958.
TODAY'S RESEARCH AND TOMORROW'S
DEMANDS--Wilson. Vol. 2, No. 4. 1955.
15
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DEER ea ALABAMA?
WILLIAM H. ADAMS, Graduate Research Assistant
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