------- WINTER 1958 '
o[
AGRICULTURAL 
RESEARCH
P.
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AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT 
STATION SYSTEM
of the
ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC 
INSTITUTE
A Quarterly Report of Research
Serving All of Alabama
Ilk
HIGHLIGHTS-of
Agr'icultural Research
VOLUME 5, No.-4 WINTER, 1958
lee aw 4e.p
FARMING ON 30 ACRES - Makes a case for the small
farm operator- - - - - - - - - - - -
QUICK TEST FOR SEED PEANUTS 
-Tells how germina-
tion -*''can be rapidly determined ------------------
SELECTION, KEY To MORE FALL LAMBS - Report of re-
search on production of early market lambs -------
2,4-D EFFECTS ON OATS - How to chemically control
weeds without damage to the crop --------------
Now COMMERCIAL FISH FARMING - Yields of over a
ton per acre produced -------------------------
3
4
BLACK BELT SUBSTATION - Past and present work of
API Station unit reviewed-8-9
PtuESTO-PI LIKED IN CONSUMER STUDY -Sweetpotato,
mix competes successfully with fruit pies ---------- 10
LIME FOR GOOD COTTON STAND., YIELD - Results point
up importance of liming acid cotton land ---------- 11
FACTS ABOUT IMPORTEDFusEANT- Roundup of re-
search on pest in Alabama 12-13
BEANS AND SQUASH YIELDS UPPED -Increased as much
as4 times by use of soil fumigants -- 14
How MUCH PROTEINFORDAIRYCows? - Tests show
high protein not needed for topproduction- -15
NEW BUILDINGS FOR TEACHINGANDRESEARCH1
Published by
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT
STATION of the
ALABAMA POLYTE=CHNIC
INSTITUTE
Auburn, Alabama
E. V. S MITH------
COYT WILSON -----
CJHAS. F. SIMMONS-
KENNETH B. -Roy-.-
E. L. McG]RAW--.-
R. E. STEVENSON--
----------D irector
Associate Director
-Assistant Director
--------------E ditor
---Associate Editor
---Assistant Editor
Editorial Advisory Committee: C OYT
WILSON; GEORGE R. INGRAM, Associate
Poultry Husbandman; W. G. EDEN, En-
tomolo gist; T. E. COIRLEY, Associate A,
ricultural Engineer; AND KENNETH
Roy.
_JfC 
C, (A "4 e7&tet#
PUBLICATIONS
Listed here are timely and new publications
reporting research by the Agricultural Ex-
periment Station.
Bul. 313. Growth of Pine Plantations in
Alabama's Coastal Plain.
Leaflet 57. What Can I Pay for Feeder
Pigs?
Leaflet 58. Supplementary Illumination of
Poinsettias.
Leaflet 59. Effects of Storage and Forcing
Temperature on Easter Lily Growth.
Leaflet 60. A Comparison of Starr Mille4-
Sweet Sudangrass, Johnsongrass 
as Da!
Forages.
Progress Report 68. Breeding Meat-Type
Hogs for Alabama.
Free copies ma be obtained from your
county agent or b writing the API Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Auburn, Ala.
-16
-
~IL'
FARMING 
ot 30 ACRES
J. H- BLACKSTON6, Agricultural Economist
S. E. GISSP-NDANNGER, 
Superintendent,
Sand Mountain Substation
Z4 lot of (314101I14nre. Ab~out 3()/(, 
or more1
than1 50.00 141115. are betw,eeni 
2(0 and
49 acrei (NIIsize.
IIIconlli front) cashI crops o11 
fill-ils of
tisize k1/ iN ta 11141' ot -lilllgi for 
fain-
RiN needs. Opportuilties lot 
suppie-
or 111010 live stock enlterprises 
are oinorI-
Ilmitedl tha1n oil larger farill'. 
The land(
area 1s too( inldl for1 efficienit 
1io(Illc.
tioll Of bee(1 or 1111k front 14171/ini1 
crop1).
t1hat (1s51 i high~ propo)rtionl 
of1 labor pe'
1
1111 pirliaedNi feeds. Broilers 
and41
Alies a1e 141)) uIllop~lelQ 
of' such cn
tcr
1
)risI',.
Production Unit Study
A laii l\ 1 1)1(11 :3(1.4(10 14 
iI has been1
operate l sever Nal er ANs 
4t cotton-I
pol(Iltr N \1111'Sb tile Sild1(1 
1IdrI11.0,~il
Substat1 iiIn at4 I N 4110(1 
fAlnaba IiN
co(1 2:3,I1 all'iaS 1 , 0 fin-itO 
bu10ill-
i(10,lots, (,INC-e and roads 1.. 
acreiIIIs.
,1 4r 1)1.019 in t h~ dl 
o 11111 r(11 O
The' 1110(1 iCtN flck is kp~tN il JII houses.
Eacl ton( is 1,1119 1) t11 o0 hadl 
500 to1\ 411
111011 gl N (11 
. About 1 
201)00 sepIIxe 
] iS
111010 , WaN t11 I ,IN r14 (II 
I1,146 lavers
I~ 2 ggs. Ini 195T. there wa N 
an1511
ill[ .1', (' 4 prlI(IItio)I I f l 
2t 09 eggs.
Total produclItjion 1111 ea1c1 oIf theOse 
two'
Ner was5N, I allollt 21L601 dlll 
lIegS.
price(s. All 11',cIN are 10(1 
11101(1111ia
NI' " d. A :32% pII)(-i suppilmen~t 
and(1
Returns
ill 19.56 i111( :33.95(- ill 1957. 
The (lit-
lertilC l '4S 11p.N ll v ielIIN 
andc-o
pri (lc to itl trpill (111)1 cash 
saiINs
of these1 vears toI .all ex1peh1nses, 
(111
cinar,\ a15n e uici 1(1tll11 Ice 11)1 
INd su1p-1
N'1) 1 1' , ' l f t 41 IloNk itil t 1k jI)a(l tj ,7
11o4theast i' ,111119,-( ill or tabl I0 eg1.1(01
On1 (11)1)0 tillt( forill- -l lIv ad iin 
ofitI
Hock 111 aioAN hci iI.
Possibilities
Thel to rl fo3(we o(0i11 15Ail tNis ut
shod he1( ro.-rdk ts e is s1,till 1411
6f1d (Iftilln rather( than11 eul1mat
(I IN fNos. 10 1,1, I Hooks All preen til
Ip rao Iles fill II)ri work1 I on ths 
uni
CMTp 111 tille labor 11114 - tol~ 
chop', I
prllovided llipt I ll ib 'li /l illl. 111( 
o01
(111 l vi e i 11111( a1111 Nf i l ( '( 
til jllI
the 31)-cac e armpler in t I11bfe
Like all Thelir(. peolea he 
ill a-
crestd orI citieii change Treaile
ro11(1 i11 arme clvtons O lbse 
operaor
Wihesill Ofprtnnitie t11 slec 
toer
111aStlill t hit 1an e 1111(1 II ihes.
PANI( 1,01)5INI. WOldt lie Iimilellm
plie-r if t fL iltI cold~i loolk at at sack lit
seedi peanutts and1( knlow that hie would1(
get atittn ill theu Spring.
It is almoltst thatt silnile Ito\\ sinlce a
been dleveloiped lbv tie ANI AgI lill-
tui E xperimienlt Statii Il. The test will
tell ill it teSS hou~lrs the per celnt gerlini
naltionl lit Seed peailuts. It sixves time
Nwihieniparedi to the Standard t gerii
iiattir test thatt req uires I0 dit tl
Research Conducted
1111 severllSil Ncr itis tes;ts ha~c
heenl bade att the Station wxitli peilillit
seed listig it clic(ioheal sioluitioni to st ihi
lixiiw tissues. Th le ciemical ulsedti
IV 1(l ai abfreviatioit fo1r 2,3,) trilph ei
iig,( tissu~es ill e stainied red1 wh ile dheadl
tissu~es arle linstiii let. Research Iresults
hlaNve showinSI tha~t TT(' ldN lit tisetI stIll
tessillN o111 at wide Svariety Ilf seeds
illellotilla Corn1 , wheat, Irice, Mid( siN-
lheilis. HolwevSer. satislietorl reslilts
htavSe ieeli achii eved oil peilt hits ld vN
w5ithuin the past 14 ifloltlis. Prior to
that tillil, stililliliIg Wils aeetoimplishedl.
lint Certainl chailges il1) poeedi ild11(
staillillir reacetitons w5ere requliretd betfore
gYermnulitil jptrcenittge cou InbIle prop-
r rlv determined.
Testing Method
Thie test for grerillil Itilil is pierformiled
adjusted toi pH 7. The gerliofti the pea-
is reimioINed iu phIaced illiii in wa ter
at 11t5 F. tfir I houir. 'I'll(- xiter is
thieni replaed Nwithi the 11C solultionl
~UICK TEST "
SEED PEANUT
EDWARD T. BROWNE,
Assistant Botanist
ilti 1he1( at 115 * F. for I ion]
sidiitioii is rin1105c( .111(1 the g(
lillsetI inl x ater allit
1
i alih let. Oil
tlreti seedts selecedtt at" raidoin
pi ov'd Satijsfactoryx hor tietcr
lferiliiitioii o)f loolst lots of p
I !Seti at the Staltioii.
At fir st, extel i ia stainii o
g"er'lls Wits Ulsed to mneasuire see(
I
S
V
At tap are whole peanut germs, at
are germs halved lengthwise. Left,
staining; center, injury to germ; an
no staining indicating a dead germ
diuti i ut i t~~v lit \its illter bI
Ns e tii 1 II rnd lil ilie I It telitst
it \\'its posIsilet toi deteu ninle ill
ealses tittst Scc thtuat wouI ild gcli
S
e hl
Reaction of Damaged Seed
SI InatlI th e peallIit glIII is Stil ledl
aI ti N~r 111111AX ONS 01 at the otsidet
(.lir. HlowevNer, \\N]ltt the gex.Ill has
beeu illill 1(1 ill piekiiig 01 10(1Wc 
otteii
thetse plits oll olI at N IN lighIt Stain
Slighlt illjil apl1)l)l 1itix oe ( lt' ilt
\,(,lla griills hN t1)(ll otllti alit eb
deep-setae iioll li. Th)e1 ei llill.t-
t1o5 o telil ifd teld all ae dearl 
arled
1) li te et h rosse thitis l ofshpe 
tne'
(iltd sprlts oaef e staiie issue andel
'e lC~tilIg~e int 
ltiitle of the geiio
I s til ilis iilk gel In. ve 
\lii ies Id
Ito sil lillT t ilgl thiili. 
iicis o
Varieties Tested
* the (N Ir. 
(lpeniital 1 resu~lts 
haNve bieeni tli
I tii testeti b\ this lIlltI. \ ilrjetics testetd
G~eorlgii I 19-20, Florispall andh SIoit
sed of (yh ttI li Ijl1 lit'towititls 
11111
bitll Some sig ed tie stelad 1115 eeniill
Stoirage 111 2 NYeirs. Tht lJlitk test is
he S htc lit tllis test is thiat it is
siliOp
1 
e. Xi ith it littlet experiencI e ll"oI 1
ail, "m1 
tihe test. 
LEept 
ll-it aconistanlt
I Ilijiilltlt is llett55iN '. It is illporiitit
bottm gllis (lestrINeth oril liitl illllll hI'
swithl giTitl Seed ill at geriliilatii test.
STAINING A N l GE11I JO TLS
lasses,
iill it)l
* (Iiil
Iillllst
liiite.
E ixc Hliiit
sti llityb
]_I~ l i I B \ C11v 11Ant \Niii i
ill tl I r I~))l I Y I(l'I I p X ric 1. 1 i (0ii 1I 11-
II I is t I rill I ilvilX C I( Xll hut
lih I 11ilni t ii I tI t elII t l t i ippcsh \\ ta
l1i o pdlilliC utlits l li iiJt tI Xlii(' o
XXi i k ,i fo illiliiilii of tc ip a ') i %\~ ill-
Copaisn Mrii~. 2 h\adeio btce
Xiit liii1)1 price [iii t I i ii l i X Ii
ortiit' iii rtI t i li c l X tI til
ii
iihiiil~ it li i i tNo t 1)1 1111I II X ii Il
I hiiXX c\Xcr Ilih' liti oa (X X ld,\e t',t
peiirI). hiImd \ t IhIXIX fill illg itl I ,lN
1)1 hillcIti I ii poores i I ii rii c ii' lii ii-
XXilijii iii tttlX hill b el X idiii. it iiijiiii X
ycfoi -yicV
N4
%t
plio ill IpiifdkI ii) Xto (~e '(d l l l
thatI it i iii Iit e toIX sliii ovet r"Xud
ittIdiI fo hif' ldh purpsei It asiii
inicaite d7it theiiIibesIt sourc IX XXllII
ii li tit XfrXom iit 5ti' .iii the flck
heitri rcljnft pch ica I, at. breeding
season f tii I~ vI ill l a m .lic X ( ii11
fatorshiilifluX(, iX' Last Nvat I itiliii
tlltc e foii 1 t tr il iio ilo illi XX
A Rambouilfet ewe, upper left, has been lambing in October. A Columbia dual purpose
ram, upper right, is bred to Rambouiliet ewes for replacements. The Hampshire ram,
lower left, and Suffolk ram, lower right, ore of the mutton breeds and representative of
the type needed to produce big, heavy, fast-growing market lambs.
Records Important
Wicoid tLhoiiX tha~t Xoici X I II
i\)IIiieiiih ihllI ie lesilc XiXX Xiil
(XX X rit(' taolih lso Ill \ simlica
To dii fliX it XX ill lit iic(XXsii N tii idetii
tif', ind~iiual c\XX X nid kttp recordsI
(IlXI~th jiipiii tulut tliiligX iXs ditc of
I IiXell XXIlilg it iif liiilbs, and
til((' XXeiglht A cN sX XimpIle rccorlIX
proplyl~l kept ;oll iiitelligeihlX usXed alt
c\ftiililX X illiall ill in \ (lXiupilI" a
lii(Ill prdil.-tve ald roftabc fock
SELECTIIN-t4 ev rac
maoe FALL LAMBS
I= L. W11G INS, Associate Animal Breeder
AMP""'
-W
294-D
EFFECT
ON OATS
V. S. SEARCY and W. R. SHARMAN,
Dept. of Agronomy and Soils
JkAl.i(A\IA X iMIB iisi\ os re oi o its ast
foit ae aid it Ml oi p .. Ait rcseareh
testults showIX this to lie at( gotl eAlnice.
iii ll] parts ut tlit State. To at lessti
tltgree. othetr siiiall giraiins also! art im~-
As. Xwili t ih ~ ( tli crops, XXeetds 5(liit
gi aili. S tiel i irt iitlleal XX t'tIs as 
tdotk.
tildiiitiilrL ild ohio lt, itI s 
wid
('lic ftr.l elit ftt f. Iest iil oats
ite othirstinali isttiiotinpitiiit
thit 2,iit is an exrtd elIletent slbkid 
for~
2.1al (tiillpi Alabama Lti adition
Damage to oats from 2,4-D applied 
at the 5-leaf
stage is shown. Treatment rates are (left 
to right) no
treatment, 1 lb. per acre, 12 lb., and 1 lb. per 
acre.
/ Amounts ore acid equivalent.
Tlie dalta slhow tha~t gTraini i(elt all.
\~~~~4\ eXig~ht pet iii. werte 1)ofth rtteued wheni
1-1) wais applied ait the 5-leaf stage
'I groxth. \V-leui applied ait the tillered.
piinting. ori- hard-dloutyl stage, i eit 
I ei
gri Llii I Xielt nori wei glht lier Ii. X'aX
rediueed Ibs ain\ treatilie! t.
T here wXere liio d iffcei es i iii g thle
-1. 1'2 oi- 1 lb. raites ol 2.4-1). 
TItV' 4-l1).
- ~ (t'i -re treittie!it 
dtamaged thet at
- iirol uqh 11). i te XXlie'l applied
Lit the 5 leaf stage o)1 gi ((Xth. As imieh
as 1 l1). per aeire of 2,4-1) did iiot affeet
oaits ', XX he applied ;it the tillelvd. oiiit-
tible ol the smnall grainis to 2,4-I). Thus, 
ing. or harld doughl stigYs
iIIN daiagte hroin 2.4 I shouldl he less
for XX heat r\X iid lrle\ tliii hot oits, 
Growth Stage Important
Experiment Begun As shli 
n IXvi liX (lts i-l)!! (te. s.tagie
-\I] expeiiiieiit XX as liegiiii b\ the A~PI I gi ((X tl is (lit illipoi tilit factor ill
\gi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~sn 2,iti~IF
1
1IiiitS~tiiiiite ~ 04-1) to eiootiol XX ets 
it) sioall
fall of IN55 toi deteniic thie effect of gratins. Lxiii tHe i1 l. tli eltIieiit ilijiirted
,iioiule liiormulation of 2.4-1) il oats, oa ts XXliti zipplitt iat the 5S laf stiagt.
Uiiir vatrieties Xwetre ttsted ait .4 staiges 13 lit. X l tilh ret o iiat latter stagces is
of iat groX (i XX itl 4 rates of 2.4'1). (fll 
it l(siilttd( frioi is iiioelil :is 1-11
\ irictics usedI Xwtre \'ictoi gri n Ariliig- per ,ieic.
toll. \tlanti . Lind J)eSoto. RateX iof Althouighi it is safe to luse 
I lb. of
2,4-1) XXeire 0) 1 4 i
2
! aiid 1 l1). aetid 2,4-1) ptr aiei oil oats. this amrount Ina '
t(iix ilett 1pt atcre. It XX aIs appilietfilie mlore (hl is liiedetl. One-half 
lb).
XX hen the oats XX ti iii tlc .5 led. til per actre XX\I\il iiotiil ioost broadileaf
1 trel, jo initin ig, and liir I-douigh stages (('S. ive Is that are troll!blesonie ii oats if
L ffett iof the ebheiial oi mlt, is, applied XX.]tl oalts Lait( XXelI tilleied
Vield and xveighit pter oi]. rin iithle li f- 
I ieSLUMi tiVitiii tS Sh ou Id lie safe
lerelit treatmeiits. Siiiee( ;ill x arieties re(, 
for otliei smnall gitains too.
Stilgc of grtI I U~nit
X\ hll 2.141) of
apploi ii,mir,
5-lecit
1 illueit
bIl lii 9oug
No 2',4-1)
1'fec of diflertit t I r i( it' of 2,4-11.
aveiragt of .4 replicaition,
L.b. /t
W\t. lai.
I 'b. /L.
Wt t. hbi.
1,51
(73.116
1.71165
31.81
1,771
31 .97
1 7 t,-
31.5.3
1.172
:30.W
1.841
:12.56
[.715
32. 16
1.7(0T
:31.5:3
1.5:36
:30.84
1,7T6 2
:32. 34
1.778
:32.53
1(6-:3
31.75
L. S. 1). .0.5) foa grin X tIll
L. S. 1). (.115) for XX tight per lai.
St,02
1
L 515
1,789
1,7.54
:'~ 3.22
:31.615
1,7 12
.31.72
93
COMMERCIAL
FISH FARMING
H-. S. SWINGLE,
Fl~h cojtcrih
In ponds stocked at per acre
rote of 3,000, chonnel cat-
fish yielded 2,300 lb. per
acre per year.
FINII FAHMIM; is 11CIV!
It is the kind of farlilill(-, Inall 11'is
bccli lookilla lot -oil(. that wqllilv
little labor except f'or it shoit pet i( )(I
durin(t har\ est iti id pi occssii I(,
Widch kilo\\ 11 for its fivsh \vilter fish
I (iscal cl 1 tI ic A PI Agi ictilti it it] E\pcri-
Illent Station sc\ciill \Cars it(,() b(I(lilli
to cxplorc possibilitics of fish production
()It it coloilwiciill scille.
Its fir"t rescill-ch dcillilw \\ ith (.oil[-
Ilercial fish led to dc\clo I )[11clit of sit(--
'Issfill flictIlods lot ploduc-
till I of hi ('111ol I t I I bliffillo fish. With
fertiliziltioll, it was possiblc to rilise 400
to SOO 11). of bliffido p('r acic pcr %cill-
at it cost of about 6c to Tc pel 11). lio\\-
c\ci there little miir ct III Alithitina
lot- this fish. Pcoplc \\elv Ilot fitiodial
\X-ith tll(, huffillo itild its forked bolics
;It t1w f1cs1l. collillicl-ciiII
hs1wrillell idoll" Hit, Misissippi Il)i\ ('I
foI-\eiIrs1IiIvebc(iII Ilio\ (.Still,, ilild Inar-
ketiw,, buffido. Thiii, Hoc Ilicthods de-
\ cloped ill Allbill 11 loulld illillic(hate
Recent Developments
il 'is li lit', tilt ('er lIe tlit i i III)Iti'1
tit'ti l i i 1 l dlt' ti Illll ofit c 
1
tfiii'
So i' 1111 't and 111e11c14lit. t(i' \'\c11 ii
de'cop firi st fioir~ cit. liai priliil
Ain(I S tl h eiil ( i 1))) t'.clt', Ili 'lst .l
diii-' 111 l)liilt'i tlili il ltllt of11 1 ocIlS'
'iti. ilt's oil,~it' tcilt Ti fish l it i t
riat tIlli'l -kt i14 I111 IIi, p i t'', tc "lil
e 'c\ilthe ' iill cat1 do1e' l 
1
lli's tit iipo
it c I i l i i ll tii )iis ito 1) liitli ( i it'
ilbi or' t'li t't i tll t'Tol o11ih ittl . tilt'om
i
1
iilii'i I Itl'i ci s t ht t il c i aSll'ktd
Icdri an "Ioted Sclciestoddo
(41St'i 11(41 iii tioit t - p ,lll 11 5 ti I I 
1
p eu
(41115' 11112 l'111CRiilt'S dd ~lit''i i S 1011111
dei' c111(4 stoiiiut'tl. i rdIItil1 Il
i1111} w fis i.111111( tha (ill'', tS c V ltocl('i
t\\litil i . " ti )1 t lpt ilt'is I r n A's'ia(11 1)
Station-developed, Auburn No. 1 fish feed;
left-dry mix feed, right-some in pel-
leted form, which produced the highest
yields of channel catfish per acre.
76e
BLACK BELT SUBSTATION
STORY--a ue~w 4
4aewcie4 &4 e
4
e ote96cot
F. L. McGRAW, Associate Editor
L. A. SMITH-, Superintendent
Nlitlit Hi. SC t'. Biill IIi S ei 1tV
xx eI] kiioxx Ii for' Iesecirli xxithi cattle 111(1
IMSti rex. It is at parit of fte A grielit ral
Experiment Statin Sx xtelin of fte AlitI
liina Pols teelilie hiistjtlite. The SIub)
stiltilill xx ax onle ofi the fii st Iliallell c\
pci i mi'iit staltio li to beI ext abI l ied altnI
alitloiriziatioii I)v anl act of the Stal
Le14islati re inl 1927.
Problems of the Black Belt
Blacek Belt fitii, \\xcxre faed~ wxithliZ
nialix pro blemsx ill I W31 xx "-ei i thle The Black Belt Substation was esti
Bliekl Belt Siih~statioii beganllpeiac~tilll. an 1,100-acre tract of rolling pro
''lie Iiiipie Soil Ini liiatioilx of the in ta quarters 
buildings and a stock wo
res'trictedI thle x feet ion of cro px. Boll
xx ilsx Iltei i textriixed the elottill xxop lllilId eillijilte thle hiel for
Ltcixv x ilifestatill ill jllililliilraxx ill JolI"ISMlngrixx: alid fpastiii'i's coI
imanlix fieldsx iaicl produclivtion i1 f rlx x ide at staible inicomeli.
crops difficult. [bei iieel tfoi ailjusitllllit Estabflishlimeiit lot pastures,
xx as Reelliietl ]lilt the ifiiestil\itsx a: riredi'C( iixxxei 5 tol iilli5 if
\\ What k iind oI Cif duici t Wh \ ' a t gra 
xxis orv legi mcs o r
tioi iif lI'14iliiex alit
1 
grassxesx
At thle ouitset the lalte, K. G. Baker. Ihext 
adapted? (1111~ fertilizer
first xuii iiit eiillt, xxith help of zlgrtii I- p rofi 
tahlY xl past ii yes? lii\ lx l
Ilinists .1111 aliiilial hliibilldme1ill at theC 
tin C' xxwould he requfiriid per aloil
liji Statioi ll AI)lIl'li. rea'lized( that at \ 'hat 
kind of feed siippli'mii
sucsu iC'''5fo giiou 1to rC xx (Iiild ti ii xn1x' Ic 
ll'i ctled? W\'lt k inid of
b attle' aali ist it. 'l'licx knexx grass wold 
hlx
(lxx( (Il Black Belt solils. Tisx sug1gested(
thel poxsibilit lot pastliii c' tol suppo)(rt a 
Research Conducted
ix ('tlCk ii l ll ox'i. Pastuiires xxul el ( ili r
illitI' the until fori fplollx i111 p the holid Io inxx I I\,c thesi' I flctioll
id( xuujeetiuig it to ilIosill: pastuires' seale plstiir' e'xpi'rime'nts xx'ir
8
results X ec~ l-itiiii'(. ()it \,-(ill tre'atedl
lill( landi wxhite' elox r an ld I111l isI(iisx
W5eli' fouIlC to do) wxellits1 p('rmllol'lit
jxixtiiie. Slippleiiiotair\ 14rliliC of
j)1105011grass. oatis, hi tek med(Iic, and(
(al~c' Pe'as xx s dev eloped'(. Th iee rps,
iloiigT xxitil the( pei illclilt pastiin' of
xx itt' cb\ cr iid I11aliixuiasx. ',fit e at
lici, \Ci('" xllild grril/ing its hld~( '
Beis id(es p)asture expiii 1its. othe b rc-
seac 1 '(b xork in01 cles ieef cattle br1 e((cl
ill(,,, has crops, coliltiol of illsicts oIf
pistille' e '"
1 
p iii and ikstock, pasturle
fertilizattionl. pisture ilI agel) eilt
Batsed ol this expei iii(ttill xx aik
('icaxei rai'lx~\. Thle result l)its beenl
thie (Ii's loplo('Iit of thle B3lack Belt its
it ficat inid( ilk p1odcinlg i('1101.
[FIll' cafe~ttle pr0(41 am I's\ ols e
2blished in 1930 near Marion Junction in Dallas County
line land typical of the region. Shown here are head-
iter pond in foreground.
fill o1
iild pro-i
liciC'tllIs:
be1( used
liCh pas-
tx xx 11111(1
lx ('stolik
tprolibtil-
is. large
io-ll ili t a (% eox and1 calf xx stelII xxithl thlt
ca~ll goling tol irket itl xx ('iiiiii1 iholt
812 to 9 illonllis (If ii(4C. Ftpflil li'ilts
flaxve slloxx 11 ilIx iiitiv4ies (d fall anld
xx ilitel- Citl Cs o(,I ' sprvingi4 C'~l s 55 cI
selliing iiiilk fat. -- ii ilfgi :liiii14 priogramili
tixilii4(111111 bulls atI sitx ill,, better' foilf
ers fron 11 b etter co\\5s hlis lbC'C' IpriCt it'll
through the s-cars. (a lls-IIieeding ex
perimen~ts. uing1 H-eireford, Sf1111thloill
Anigus. Mid( Bril'llan brieeds ire ill
pri llr('s It tll' pres it. CailvxeCs frI'lnt(
xx ill Illilk-fat and xx fll ox i',iiil all
oi liitlel silt flax i'pxhosphaie tlii'aiii
gi(s i(4(ia/ill4 c'iolps. Ov)xei a1 It) xeat
lw 'Jli tt (' it lti ~ iii ,I itlot lii
it cis. .\ 'of1-4l11) of beii i im t',li
talllia\ tofu f po ffs per ;isc o- ili'dditol
pi hott'sp iat it ;ltt' t i l )iiiiIit fis iii uill
f('t( (tti ttthett sia$ stt io fii
th irt~ bin.' ali cut iliit sill 1 i 1*'ol,
tiss Ai isht'o ti fiiito i as s. \\is ii ii
( liitC S iof lind l iii', ' 129 o a
Fire Ant Control
F'ii t alit tilti l t'\j)t'l~i ttctt' ',, c
1
)(itini at thie Siiittii 
lil 195:3. 'Illii
of c'ilordltii iiilt's per't it(' to toi-
trol ft' fire alit ir i'rsitlts of tv('ilct
'I'lli, bitt K. G. Bakter did oitch fto
Shittrl abli i cstit'k pto per am. iicc'li
cit 510cltfit to Blc i t'xit-nr ft' w-it
( i l 19 1 \-titw lte W .1.K l
i ~
A
0.e
Land, forage, posture crops, and animals are primary research subjects 
at the Black
Belt Substation. Above-flock devoted to early lambing experimeints; 
center-port of
beef herd used in cow-calf experiments; below-dairy cows of farm management 
unit
on which milk produced for manufacturer is on important 
source of income.
a " -
* ,
4
i
' ~ -S
W. W. MARSH-ALL, JR., * nd M. J. DANNFER
Department of AoriculturaI Economics
PRESTO-PI LIKED
by consumers in study
44
N
xx
11111)LI lII\. xlx xx\% s%(1tI'ltitll prod-(
Il11illlllII Exeiiiiit stitiiiii lot- xix I l
xcalrs. \Ciii lut- xlIiih IlIXi11)iiIeit is
xliiuxxl byhx tile dro p ill XXX cctp)htatl ilC1
.101 iilld Ii %ec xx I Ii IIIX il p1 i Il liii
t wars xel . lit lii XX'1 %iii (11( lxcire
still a lrIIlII
II iti liel exesicli lmuiiii 19 I42.
I ,llliesitix 11 other1 sIliItX produilcts
\\Xr I illId fron 1111eX CtIpotatlliX. Nxiltiii
XXd 1(11 (IitiiiC ieceptic( tists x l
cookedxt X vctllilto IloItI \\-i iiillX deXCC
tcxti if ii rie \iii 11 (llillieriil hiII-
Iii(i lx II111 l a c li i l ix olilln r thesiell .i
.1 xl-iiiltI pro uct l ii illicd t o il il e t\ile
fi4mit t \vl ith iiio prlisor bexiitlllI~is o
111 i ll pro uio cl ost".lI 1 ii 
1
11. li x
Frze Pure tDeveh~lIIIli111loped~iiii
lii expasionoh roelfo
Presto-Pi was tested
for cons umer accept-
ance in food stores in
a small city. Sol es
were compared with
those of frozen fruit
pies. 
The product 
wa s
well liked by store
owners and house-
wives.
1)1 w)i Iit m ii lt Ill.c lsi e it i
(hTo 10illil - i ll I lilix ti iixlll xxx C
Ip lit fii-icd rlll( XX aX 
1
iisitti ixvet
potato iiIliX P
1  5 
sti.iflax its it xThe
Ilisix liilIII~iII tltiit Iil\ dx slari
poll c ill ) I l ii It \\x 111 ili tIl i i s 2)
xpie ii ng e s. lifl e oi-)1S 1411 lxx h \ ii t4 oi4 ft
xtid i x othe t i lvi e lt 111 .111,1 111 iX iii li
fill ii a proIc \\ 11 l i ts ill ii 1it II Ic i ill
tlIll12 Ilk to5) \vc ittijollii) ii could
tiiililx X as liIIX be used t ill i h ll ilioti
intillx X To pre ar C tili tile i t tslf
I 'I ~to- lI, i Id~ Ie \.cr (I if illlil I I to c ill
iatc, ilthliig ittelniptx xx erc m1111 t1
1)1)11.l doIl adol is with sieso I'llt XX aX
'
1
piclie and pclch ~ies.P The ('ii'(11 t \ils
the test rim1 a its comparedl xXitli :36 iylle
and11 5)1 pechl plies. Sides III lPI(XtllPi
i1 stoll B3 \%i o cmuch tricatci tlhani siles
ofi ciloipaiit I% e piicx. but1 tile Litter X\ lie
oit off(r pelitcl pies, but hadl 20) sailes
eaclh of Plcstoi and frozeniiti aplple pie.
III still 1 ) x\ I eiv I 1rstl Pi xx ix act ix (I
1
lickiwe~s \\ cr so1(I. FrozeCn ipple' pies
[IIlolt offeredCI ill tis stiw. C. ililicl
a~pple pie fillingits use ax11(1s tile c0111
palatixc Citem0 ad l ( 67 xsilles. ( )ilx
8 paiwltsC of lPiCsto-lP i sliI
xt o I-( Fcomuparedii toi TS 11/Ill .ippl,
pies.
Promotion Needed
Still pc ijCls thoughilli~t tie pi idiict
tion \\oX]( be111 neededCI. Nonle ofi thie lip-
ii alto ls 
liil ti 
prodluct 
i~u~ 
it s
oliiilatilaCtolj\.
II IllX iIXX x XX ith hlllsexx~ ixIt xx.its
illillit 1Pi litl-i i\ vcr that it \\its quIick
tiilid noi xtriiiw,." I lii\x cX Ii, l)Ccdlls
few xxI-cstll Pi sie \veii IlildiIll tl
found hilt 11111 11 lii IX itj I i he 1,rd lit.
XX pi1( illII erea it liIi Irll;II xxixse
holds iiili tis i t ii Ir roc tor ai II t~lole I
p111i\ ItiXcmae wilithXX it prodct that I
wo l 11)11 t o t de lei ()\\I)i CX 1111111 XX 111(
scil~h)I tt, emi nd likt)i rpl-
R. D. ROUSE and FRED ADAMS,
De'pt. of Agronomy an~d Soils
-1 \1~ S I II I'l" ( M 1() it, [ ~ t i tl lp
15. I I iii'iitiailiii' sil aiii
lita~iiesiliil. anid (:1) incereaseis as aili-
tassiliiil ill the soiil.
Neutralizing an acid sail is h ighls
imnportan t foi gioo crolt'~p proaductioini
\\c Liii sail b~teioimes aiti, cetiaiii sail
Coniistituen'its iii' chi~i t'tl inito foliis that
iii'c toxic, to planits. More thlai t'xtriiiild
maizll iilliiiit. of these materials ilijiure
,.olttoli. Thlese iatiiiils acciulri lu toxic-
mnatrials are priliik ailllitilili iiil
ii~iigllce ai11i lishialls le 1)1 tsuit it I
lam less fourIn. 0iil1 soiil ilcitits\\ xill
nike them iti-anifuli.
Sbice all sails cantaiii fairiv Lii i4
imiallimits oif iiamigamese alit
1 
allniini,1111
the clieiliill fiirnui xi \vlicli tlie % iccuri
is 5 ital. As at souil l)(cilflics tlt' aidi.
ninix AiiiiiiiiImaI aiid Illilligaliese are
coimx trtt'd iiiti tii"ie fiiins. hus, neii-
t.iliziiig acitlit\ is iit'ce'siar tii pr-ex lit
Seedlings Damaged Most
As plants Iiecie i iia Iinittiirt I a's
Ire bletter il ti xx ithlst ntl sil acit It
Hi)55 c r, v igiii anti slli ia iof scedt
iig re gi eatis Acc'(tedt lix excessio e
Th l bilits of seedlliiigs to xx tlistaiiit
manllganese is affectedi 1)5' tellperaturle.
leseiam cl results at Aiihurmi1 hosve Ssown
that S(,(,l liii , alt' daiiagled li re bx
emxcssis e ailommiits ot these elcoliieits
its tlit' teniperlilre is lassiieed. ihis
LIME
V~eea COTTON
I etter (III IjIIu eal Ir lui axs p -iI hl ill
Co~ttooi~l i a mmre alcid sail. tPlilits ofteii
do iiat Iiills, rc acii froi poiir stiil~
Fertilizer Affects Damage
It lias becii foiuiid that usilug large
aiuaunits iof certain fer-tilizei s maxt ill-
cr ease the diige frain Soil acidity.
Thus, it is (ollll iin
1
)irtillt to ciorrect
soilI acid its\ xxiei i uis iiig ii igh rates of
fer tilizer fori high 5 iCets.
Tht 
1
)fiutoaraphs hehuiss\ Sliass- the
iftect af liming anl slrs i l iof eattini
seedlings it Auiburin iii 1957. Te seed-
hulgs eaiuie up u't~plill xx welI oni all thinee
plits. Ilusses er. griiwsth sxas slaower anit
al hi gI i(r peci eiit age ofi s 'itIl iii s d ied
\\ itli ilileasilig Soil icidits . The hig")
iiiartilits rate ill the iliost aicidl plot
ph -lilatiol os'a l,(ii ( a Alil iiisel h a
elilili ies~esssCauiminit
IT'e plo~t hthed 1)11 5.5 (to taid flu
('iitlti luad liighlist six il anid httter
at I I ofi 6i. xxhitli is laitoih, forh cot-
tto liei e\x\as nllx perfict Slums isahl
at seutllilias aid t~cn plauuits grewss sig-
ilaliskx tm nil tI it' stilt. Althoiugh thIei
0\ (l'eil0ii1C the iiiitiih setbatck oif seedtlling~
tuamnage.o its laistinig effect is shass Ii ho,
the' filihl'iu it'll'
Sil 1,II
5.0)
6I.)
11). per ut it
,6.59
2.1
Soil Tests Show Needs
to) the Exspciioit Staitiiii Sil Tlestinlg
1..duiiators has\( e e a't' i niit to has t',
ill beiliw 55 .S andi I t'd hill ii ig r cii ot-
tii. Fldt tests all us ti Alabaiia has e
shaoswn thiat 5icltl incieases call he ex-
limle mceet il Sails xx ith a pt I helass\
athaut 5.7 Y~iieldincr(1eases front ]ilt(e he(,
tioant grete ttr is Sioil I)11 dtecrea ses. Ill -
ci east's hiave ]' -et'ii as little us 50)11h. of
setd elittll pi)() icri' aid als high its
It takes st'stid mliualtlis fiil agi icul-
tiir-al liimestone to react xx itii the sail
Sothat plollts get fill] ht'litfit. Thlis
pouinits ill the ilupi-a iue' ol 
1
littiiig ait
hint' an timiei Bv has iii. sail ttstc't iiasx
ta dtii 110", liiisxIl nitich un is iit'edt'd.
it c'all lbt' aipplied eils t'iieli tIll 'st
resulhts.
Effect of acidity on survival and growth of cotton seedlings is
shown above. Very ocid plot (left) hod poor survival and growth.
Il
Cotton on tess acid plot centeri pertormed better. Favorable
pH (right) resulted in top survival and growth.
On attack! Here is a magnified action pic-
ture of imported fire ants atta cking and
feeding an a cutworm.
FACTS a4ar
F. S. ARANT, Head, Zoology-Entomology Dept.
KIRBY L. IHAYS. Assistant Entomologist
DAN W. SPEAKE, Asst. Leader, Wildlif
t
e Research Unit
I \ii'liilITUDI I llil \\-I, Fiell or1 ( tI oe,
0r) oIld I both? Ier 111 l. kiloss 11 fawts.
waw A,~i laballhma is iiikiioxx i. It is I)(-
It wxas first repor1tedt 1ll (-itiilolotgical
llitauiii 1oI929. andl thle first ko( il
toi f Jl) ie lisd t.1o ut 1111( thi ise c(
iHx 1949 Tet iisct xx is inid I to Wa
111) it'il li I Ili(ill . i stiliifi(t, l ) ljiiiilt
(11 spreltillxaras 1e~ 11)1 k oxti 
d h.\(1 )
tlho am
1
\isisip aii no o
Ish 1949 it\15 ii(, \i as. lno\to o. llt
(uill-till 12 emii i ( i(.it x cs(ri 
lI
pilt ofi till 1 tate I9 ill I t (olli till! 
t!o
so1CC ilteli ii si p al i l toi \ 
ill
labamat 11(1ll tisiiif tilt itol 
II ll-
S aill I ell t I 11 'rd oni till -tor1)11 t c( fi 
.a I
altilte121 1 's r b(Il 
tl w
toills : t Iill sl, \la e a sm all d 11111 (
110 llt adthree a xtke toif ass. aThe
fow i ilt ex a fIj ill iiiti t he~ j Inll I
jil ila i tl air t c 2 xlolS settles
tillhe ii st ll di ew oof herili l il4 till
digs aIl ll~ ililw ill Il 5(l s xitliii 2arth I ls
th i s iI( la sWl al Islx ti cltch of11
illilrs thfix halrx ae 111111 to ((Si dis (lte
de oiin- 4slii a ~ 'ac (av
Io _. ~ l(e lIlii h - lp t
wstts liill I e f(. ( )(e(asi I lalix tI 1t
(Ill lll~lt 1 ste( thIIat u r t I 1 ill 
fait aI Il
1111k~l 1415x111 Illr ts tit ill 111111a i
141 lct (Ix1. Pi tll 1111 Illtil fi l It h5IIii'd
11ii Ililai 111111. \ex lh ison 
lol ies
iu llle (ii (1111141 1 notl txx l feed 11()1
iotl x Ill"ll IS LIlkIts liif adb ll~ 
rte-u
I1111( o\111el ti he ltliig s (Ild~t 11115 Ii,
Each imported fire ant colony is made up of 
six forms, three of which are shown at left.
These are large, medium, and small workers; 
all are adults. Right-A queen after hav-
ing removed her wings and prior to digging small 
tunnel and egg-laying.
1~ - .
4.
I.
I
~I
K
Left-Cattle grazing near fire ant mound.
Center - Bermudagrass growing from
mound; note closely grazed grass on and
around mound. Right-Fox-quail contra-
((15(5s it bltliIy s('ils0itio(I aidtialls
results ill forloaitiotio i till ' pu11ti110
tll t iilis 505 Setaell (1.1\-S. 111(11l- is It()
505(10 or1 prlongedliptO l i- after effects
excep~t fiI 1.111 instanlces 55 lior- all 1ll-
dix dutal is allergic to theo sting. Aller gic
r~eaCtiHon itV be0 SC05(10. is is tiuloC W~ith
stubl's Fromil hes, 5'vasps andl other re-
latedI insects.
Occurrence
M\olitds of theim lportedl fire anlt oco
(1if ill man " \ t , \pes of hab iItat. 11he pre-
ferreod plaices are openl atoais such its
pastures. old fields, toald gto xas
1)0! ks of, streoamts, fence( 10555., waste-
\Ionds .1 105 ill oaes l la-shlal.
Col1titiot I decreases tile fire alit pjop-
illat ioni and1 pi 0501 ts con(strucotiont o(f
larg ill isa
Ill tt05\I (10(1de 
11
pe
1  
areaS. Is
111011 05s f2(1 it(1oti(( per acre has 0e
1)0011i ecititO. Hs ox cr, competition he-
ts wee!! co Iloi ii s for foodl and1 space0
e11111111,tes tllolt of, theo 55 (uket c(loIiOis,
o*(Stlltitig ill a fani Is tablle poputlationl
of toss et ho 11-or Ill((((nd(s. T 110 tllliber
of tloolids ill 1 staflol p~opulation S atois
wxithi 05illbtlits \~ ofil food IlielI (10
p~ends1 oiI ts l
0
( i11( fer-tilits oIf tile so1i1,
1110115 theo tlllltlf)0 r-ails front! 25 to 4t0
Control
Altlou(tgh taIi\t ills1cctidc have 5 115
I10011 Cffo~tis 0 ill killing itportedl fite
anlts. ((lls tite 00 has o])Co]) foundl~ tol
(Yi\ ( ffloti\S conIltrol flot 3 tol 5 51015.
versy ended by insecticide at Camden area.
The dead fox pup was one of five litter
motes taken from a den. Two were autop-
sied and were found to contain enough
at the tateo(f' 4 l1b. teclhntical per ac~re,
tlt(, rate (If 2 11). perI ii1010. Att7 onIt oIf
(Itrhllse I lix ost 110ks ill te a(0 ted ts to
Erlilrffecultion Wrill iferize
IM Slbt 0111 tit.1u CrII(10t15 itll SZl)-
1)001 . IiolI I rlilioltide or1 fer-5 x
tiizroadoxtue 1
1
pito octlpe II'jlt (I
(tlillr ti II lvioptaolloi ttttls for firon
weI e :3,(itt),oo aliIal .20) tas it ie AIit
(11T in utri12tional 5 le l~~lolII) x 1
trolt( secp t otions ofSae has bee
j)IIIIcf5. 110 ach a sicett1955 Be5
(biltt ifll\. that~l the peeos g (i1)
1
of ft il)tt
tuao to oil 11,15 the1 Ii sterx bag1 xx (t
beoa. itts 2i~i or 1
1
ii (lix1)p1t( illea ithg
Ilea\(15 s poplaion o1 importe 0011 ( l~rat
insecticide to cause death of the pups. It
is likely they died from eating dead, poi-
soned birds or other animals brought into
the den by the mother fox.
tho( (ft tail lo1st ol~l till- treated area 11 Nvre5l~
11(11 l~e its( dead o11( r (15illu b itds. D ead
(jIll! ii xx rovr ed f 01\ ronItt 7 o titlte t13
riden( ot 1115 0 (tiI tile t realtedl arl-cs.
All sp)ecimn au01Sl t)opsied ((Illtauiiid sI f-
ficiot it (lieldI in or hleptachlor to llttrill
lite' their dleathl to thle itlsectioido. One~
emte\ of' 10 t It~i I (Iliilw sosrve 0(alli)Iost
Halt (If those blirdis weret pic'k-c( 111) dead1(
Labo111atory 111utoIpsies and1( alltyIses
imrplichated tile ft lsecticidles ils ells(" iof
110ir5 5 molrtality i1tnong 41 o~the(r s1pecies
oIf 11 itfial s ('\Oti of0l~ fishi. T11e dlead
b~rown.I thrasihers moIlckingb)1 ids tnilld-
1150101ks, xxoodp1
1
eckers,. rabblit, reoIx
tohttdors. anid ftgs. Other species folnd
dild, but icitI~j x toie ttttk e d a
oittk-x llA\vIs xx illoss atl scI 55 orl spec~ies
oIf sollkes. \lot-(0 aniils \\er'e found
(1(11( ill ol1( fieilsail aliolg hoidet
Further Research
1re1ent 1ir tall contro1l0 11( tfbas ()it
aiI)(td hats lo til fest Qutite tollS
last mleal xx ithlot ettldillu~t tu wxildlife.
ilow ((ost 01o(ntriols th Iat xxu 1)11(1 [t tto
salfet' ar pub11(1 lic health and( onIserve0
w idlife.
N (I' (ilit CiK I ll-'. \ ll tA 1. 
IiX IS(.i tl
Soil Fumigants Compared
Tesi I~t itllitc illl)' t' AuN n~ict'
pitit XX it ligh11 lt til t 2 iil t'i iii'.~l
cI. (21 1ti rt )k It lcitt Ii tili4iit '.. d cii
ill iii4iit. XX I i I i l t't X I t'e-i\X (toi s.
i Tu ciccl Il vi 9 cd. XXo fik ' itlt' F11
)iti I X il t' i IiXX 6 \\cA ii Ii hit XI I ,~ ll
I155 1. od I 1 lilijX iilr pill it.1561 and
1957 A tc Sii ili' tiiitiii lt it \c,it
h ll it lii (41 Ii \I i ll Iiit. eX SpX n J~~ 'Io]-
Io\ iii I) t qi.'.''. i ) i illt il
111 ill o llcihlhil it'. i ld IX'.. t Vt
II ofl Siiii Iit XI1t.X i'. X\Il \hi 1111111'. oopi [ %i' [iI ) oI"i )]]: Xii iii iIt XN'. \I,
Ii ~ ~ ~ ~ i il Id p(. it. 1 cI ~l1
Kin App1\
1
11ltion
EIl
1 )1;
11M1
LSD)
141 
ll 
.
ItsN
lit lcs
BIt ik iw dit tI ii
I Xi I Xi I Xi
9.120
12.780)
12.6901
12.,390
I1088
70')
1)
1 1125
12S. 16(5
1I 15
92
11
15S
S Ica I l lil i
1,0 . 211 l.
W)S 88
Xi ill not ilwdI
:,)I (I\
Hi55I'
1l 13
Pt0.
916
20
I ii i I liliit'. XXI c ii . liitIiX' I \,]\ olwrl X il
Plots used in testing soil fumigants are
shown. Plot at right front was not fumi-
gated before squash was planted. Plots
at left and rear were fumigated. Note
difference in growth.
Yields and Damage
All I (.,It I1 I I t'. I I 'I Itt'tl ill I() -tt
coI('i ('i lll iic ill)]\ hit', a.111 ll (11 i
Jlwl 111( %%I iiitrt'.i'.t'il I front 9, 12' to I2
,8011Ii. pt' utci and stiasi fronit 3,7(1:3
to 1 1.442 11). I loin rowX tretatmeti tof
I11)1).
liit t i \ i it iiwc .111o lii i t ii t ii 1
luau liI in4 lod Ii(I i~t. [ii I. of iot' ii
Il csc)t~i it (Jill a1pp ll'ied e i ltr it', i ].)\ o
p il 
1
. lT hilX XX\-i.tilM' b.t i iiJ it X)
Squ(pash root ltaen f soilnofigatedo
baes shw airt top overgeyied Awas 3,700
lb.pe actr tiatmtt , squash root Ite
fr ofmtd soil averag t e % iel was)1 - ItiI
1500 lb pe ac (I IIIIirezI\
BEAN aoae SQUASH YIELDS
atfted~ 4~ 
"od mea
W. A. JOH-NSON and L, M. WARE
Department of Horticulture
HOW MUCH PROTEIN 
lo
DAIRY COWS?
1;
G. E. HAWKINS,
Associate Dairy I-Iusbandman
I 11 L:,l ALO MANN\ IDE AS atlt ett t
of fee(ii~g 10211 prtote~in rtionltts tto milk-
MITt (0OWS. "t Mltt (dirX 1(llco i( b e c that
high pittteiit feeds i',tlist Iilstitis tic's c
ttpinett. O theirs think thtat such ltmi ts
ic l(eeSSzHi fo htighn~ milk produtiontt.
AlooTt. w ithi the ititetest ill proteint
level ti. 1(a1 has t X titlet ti abltit fte
\ilalteof ft eedi ettititiliitt Stuch c'sttttyeits
ats still tcst vol f or do Irs cattle. Tbis in -
terest r estilted fromi reports that stilites-
ti 01 iiteleases f ee(i effieteites of fatten-
i114 eattle.
Rations Tested
Il \o tIuit tests, slit leal lomeal ai (I
ecottoinseed meal wseire eomparedl w~ith
f ect of h igi prt e in hex els oi0 milk pro-
d1 uttin at Ind mast it is I te en ce. Sinle'
sots eatt mneal is listialls highi iin estitt
,Tells, till C t Ofl these Soi tltates 111 
1
)r0
t1 ttt lit \\.its illis() Iletsilredl
tixj (ixpeillitlttl rattins were'I used
1o11 thte 28-ditv xpe~jtrimen1 t, cowXXs iii ech
t"t'tip ri c.I d siotilai feeds.
.httttt 70t4' of their TI l)stttal digyesti-
Aet ntienlts ) from1 fjllltsottltass litX
Ill alfalfit IalS as ft(l (tifll rtlihtte. ilic
other '30' \\-s asfed its cithIt eiat toncent-
trate ixtutre, eoth Illsee i meal or stoIs
Iei imeal. The ciottoni seed aintd soiwiX met
tiltils XX eve 41% lpittit gitode. ulte
CO~ ~ti ate Mix 1 21, pirotein ) \\ as
moide of 
2
9%c grt ound shl tledi 121oiln, 28%
I ls pulp, 40% ctttnIseed imeal, 2%7
tIei)1 Itlle ineal, an d 1% Salt. il
prec' s lSstuIijes aIt 1 )11 trteitl t (it t et
tetil I 5he 11 jttllistol grass XXas tte oohX
rt tim ae. Ti it ecottits fort tlte use of
tile, 21',, protteint ili\ fori the studs.
Production Response
( s~ sotil bth his , s fl ttltied [itttRe
Itlilk s',heit fed ft(e (t.i"C12itrte mitxture~
seed~ lmeal ( 5(i( "table ) Th tt ettd itt
milk produi~ctiont Itset fiItc 28 tits test
Xwas Simitila r ftr tt c 1Xs fedt CtttotnIseed
I IttX esc'r ctoXws lecd j tIIt solT til ss h[t\
fed itliflI hIia\ regal tless tf XXI thiel
tile XX) Ofd the prtttcitratlppelttctltti
RELATED) TO RA XIit ION F:
f ted
1-rtei byX Itows i
92 81
doititn dutring thte lhtst t ttk otf tlte etol I-
m et t 5prt sscd as, itt reijt,t ttf p rtodttc-
tittt ditimitt Xc etfoie tctst
gt Itlips ate etit gli tdigestihle ptrotettin
i ld eogt 11111,N to prtdu ce tit ilk tt
ststtt c's ). Assa" of tI he feeds Showed ~c
that ttiir estrtogent ic potcy ( did itt t
all ect persistecine tof pr it tIi t l.
Prttteill Coniten~t otf fttt Ilhalit~ tas XX as
solttItrrss. lThus fttt dcriese ill mIilk
s ields tf ctowX fe cttonee ileill ald
ttf tlttse led sttsbeauo inittlt swere nott at
fltOlo it pr tt~iitl) 5tI
1
1)IppC titas the oilX
wXithI cowsX fedj itthttsttttgt ass ltia \ltt M st
like]X thlt lttwe(i peiriisteitcX resulted
IHeelded( hy rtttttt bI tett'rta, \\ itell I e
hasls fttr- milk 
1
trodltttioti
Effect on Mastitis
\tnlttg ft(t h5 cows fe Ittfthitsoitgiass
hla,\ 2 detiXlotpedI itstitis duintg thte
exp, ii OcotaIl pei t ild. ( )i le tftl lt, \\'5XXits
fted thle ct tIlt i t Ittt iXtttre Mt id the
thert\\Xias led cttonttseieid mieal. Mlastiti~s
ilt thle etsw ttil the cett t rtate ttttlttt12
(fis af ter it XX\its (Itetcd(.
Attttit the citsss fed ialft a\X, the
tottIS Case otf tmast itis Ittiitt \\ its 01 i
\c~iloed s ts tefo heal cm\ etst de
eetltlate tttiXttire. \tltltet ttldieatitttt
that this ciase otf nalstitis \\-ias ttttt atl
ficttid lbX fte stts hat t Ileal \\ its tha~t it
clilred (itI t whX Iilei shlt \\as ledc thlis Ilii4Iti
AS slhown II It dtlse tt'st results, feted.
renee of, IIistitts. Ho evr ItX X isci otf Stutcl
whX Itite inttidl wXetc ledI thani X\\hent
-'I
lZee~' ~ctdd4~4 6~
TEACHING ace RESEA
2. V. SMITH,
Dean and Director
liilb tf rc furx lgon ticill asllil tIixiilii
ils il'\ lltr to) llr'gi iiri iii o
1
-JD ,ii
xHilliiat f i n thanis toteeifirls (if
iihuiidus of fiendt xx \\,]stix xoke loliiri
pii. thge of'i 5 ienmn r 5irxit liis Ihoecc'io
P[lies ill iioaiiir'u iuultc iiit- Sitlue'sX
Moiuiidcill xxii '-,xixt ui ioorx uii xii
ilifo iiiii xwirng ilt irs fiiiio xxiii ut
dr til tltf ililrvli ll dilwn tie siitne til
itlilxetiuito belin Pitioiix.lle 9ad
alr ot i tiol 1ldl ix iiiti Fld ittti~ c Godt
iiili.r ili ilii litc lil is xiii levt' Ilxrii liii
xxillie uxed fIx the Zoli)P -
maitehx 35-1 ft. ioniir. It xxiii
(Io l I ] ) II] o tiiii i lbol xx Ni i
tI~h illt i oi tllii Alox]
ixi 1 iixii i l di n il1
iligs ii'e aid'xi dd ill
Sol. xx et. o d l .il s ic -Hiiioi
tli Olieri williitx occpe
prnnsof the ALABAM POLYTEC
Niitri ubun, Alor Iihar
Prmitrc Nioitre 1 2 )
('s dX lilidile
cil laii i
otoplix xxill
ill aidd~itioni
rt of ProgrE
ENT STATION
-INIC INSTITU
ct-or
mac
1 /58-8M
,SS PLNALTY, FOR 
PRIVATE USE TO AVOID
PAYM'E NT OF P0STAGE, S3C
III this pr1o(iildiii tll i iIIdII( I c et'('
11 eitr\imo'iili~ of (Xox'iI- Hall to ic-
Ix~ad idt I)ivr'toir .. \ ritiii ral LEo-
I di possilyx the Agrieiiltii ibirl\
Iingx. pilans dare 1ing (Its iliijetl K
sec\rd
1 
otlitr facilities. Iiiieiitl ill tis
(T1,0i1) is dt illeats 1)10)1 dtoi\ ad ailt
tl-, xx liell xxill iiiakt possibole alliiiho
flux t't teacinlg pr'grdin iiii flerl it
M11 10 e llieter' 'tstdcalc il 1 Icdi (dxx
wxithi (i600 xratiiig edpdeitx; i lix etoek
re1lid diii judin~g 1)05 jijoii: aiii aidli-
R IiC Hreeiiiioose for. te;Iieiiiii 
alld rc
toi Consitruiet all oi these fiilitics wxithi
As soon its the conitrac(t is sigiedti-
Liitonooix ('oixti-ietioii ofi the txx ( loili' bilinhigs
lbe dlpprii\i ties fl tihe otiher iliiiillrx.
extei i( baci k lilt' ilgrieui tiii li resetreil Iproiti 111
t)ft.x ill he xtreigtiielleti alsoi hv iiexx f il
Iblblidxriiti eiiities for ireielc ill iiiilli diseaisex.
cI it I xtirs A lexx lillil di tiidx lext'li el i oiil-
w((litr)(hlt itililiii iiiillij iingi tiit isx phiied
fbx the die filr tihe Seihooi (Il '5 (terililr\ \letiiiii
blidi x ii d I' - edli ill l (iise rexelill rh prii igrdm
iiid Poll]- fiiiieid xxitij Ei-eillliii: Staitioii fiii
Miid is adiistred tilrouighit d eril
both1 bild-it tixe ri' illligellelit xxithi 
tiir Schooil of'
nullt lixe ofi ete'illili.\ \ledilie.