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CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ........................ 3
GRANT OBJECTIVES................................................ 4
PERSONNEL OF THE PROJECT............................ ............. 4
ACCOMPLISHMENTS................................................. 4
Education and Training .................................. 5
Extend Knowledge Base.................................. 6
Advisory Capacity....................................... 7
Information Capacity.................................... 7
Linkages and Networks................................... 7
IMPACT OF GRANT-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES IN ACHIEVING GRANT
PURPOSES...................................................... 7
OTHER RESOURCES FOR GRANT-RELATED ACTIVITIES.................. 9
UTILIZATION OF INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE CAPABILITIES IN
DEVELOPMENT.................................................. 9
NEXT YEAR'S PLAN................................................ 10
INVOLVEMENT OF MINORITY PERSONNEL AND WOMEN................ 11
APPENDIX A .............................................. 11
Visitors Seeking Information on International Development .... 11
APPENDIX B..................................... 13
Graduate Student Research Topics and Advisors.............. 13
APPENDIX C .............................................. 14
Publications of Grant-supported Staff...................... 14
Published 10/77-IM
Information contained herein and programs described are available to all
without regard to race, color, or national origin.
The International Center for Aquaculture
ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 1977
E. W. SHELL*
INTRODUCTION
Tills RL PORI SUMMARIZES the activities of the International
Center for Aquaculture during the fiscal year 1977 (July 1,
1976-June 30, 1977), particularly as related to support re-
ceived from the U. S. Agency for International Development
(AID) institutional grant AID/csd 2780. Highlights for the year
included providing 94 man-months of long-term overseas ser-
vice by center staff. Country projects were operational in the
Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, Jamaica, Colombia,
*Head, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, and Direc-
li- In Ter ;nion I ('enter fr qu\ acuoIture.
;41X V
A young fish farmer begins to see results of his efforts.
and El Salvador. Additionally, 20 special requests for interna-
tional development assistance were serviced during the year. In
total, 744 students (517 American and 227 foreign) were en-
rolled in 41 academic courses taught during the year. The sec-
ond 5-month special Aquaculture Training Program for
foreign biologists was also in progress.
Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important in develop-
ing countries as a means of providing larger quantities of the
protein needed for adequate diets and as an increasing con-
tribution to economic growth. It utilizes infertile lands and
runoff waters, plus agricultural wastes and surpluses, to inten-
sively grow crops of high quality proteins in the form of Iish
and other aquatic animals, thus increasing the ability of each
country to supply the protein needed by its owssn people.
\quaculture permits local production of high quality protein
\~hcre it is most needed, thus reducing the cost o f transporta-
tion, processing, and refrigeration. It also provides additional
income and employment for farmers. Local food production
saves foreign money reserves otherwise lost because of impor-
tation costs.
Auburn University has received worldwide recognition for
its leadership in warmwater fisheries generally and aquaculture
specifically. The University has committed itself to assist devel-
oping nations increase their supplies of high quality protein
and improve their economic well-being through improved
methods of aquaculture. No other American university has the
experience or program orientation to provide comparable sup-
port services to overseas development.
The AID grant was awarded to Auburn University to
strengthen its research, teaching, and extension capabilities
and to improve service capabilities in aquaculture. As a conse-
quence, more significant contributions can now he made by the
University in assisting with aquaculture in developing coun-
tries. In addition, the grant can he used to develop methods
and procedures for making the University's competence in
aquaculture more readily available for those who need it. The
initial grant for $800,000 covered a 5-year period, 1970-75. A
2-year extension for the grant, along with revised objectives
and a modified scale of operation, was approved covering the
period 1976-78 with additional funds amounting to $578,000.
This report covers the second year of the 2-year extension
period. A 6- month extension of the grant has been requested to
facilitate transition to some other form of institutional support.
A comprehensive report will be prepared at the conclusion of
the grant relationship.
GRANT OBJECTIVES
The program funded by the grant revision and extension has
five primary objectives:
1. To provide education and training opportunities in in-
land fisheries and aquaculture related to international devel-
opment.
2. To continue to develop and improve the knowledge base
of Auburn University, including the development of a capabil-
ity in production economics as related to aquaculture.
3. To develop a more effective capability for advisory ser-
vices and actively promote its utilization.
4. To continue to collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate
information.
5. To develop a strong professional network of linkages be-
tween Auburn and LDC institutions, international develop-
ment agencies, and U.S. institutions.
Specific work plans to achieve each of these objectives were
developed at the beginning of the grant extension. These plans
outline the activities of each principle person supported under
the AID grant.
PERSONNEL OF THE PROJECT
Following is a list of personnel who received grant funds as
part of their salary during the year:
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. D. D. Moss
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Dr. Ray Allison
Dr. C E. Boyd
Dr. F. W. McCoy
Dr. M. M. Pamatmat
Dr. H .R. Schmittou
Dr. R. 0. Smitherman
J. R. Snow
Dr. J, H. Grover
K, W. Crawford
Randell K. Goodman
Margarita L. Hopkins
David G. Hughes
Ellen W. Johnston
Christine B. Sherrer
Evelyn C. Talley
Kathy D. Dowling
Deborah A. Morgan
Carl E. Anderson
Leslie L. Behrends
Mark J. Brooks
Robert L. Busch
Jesse A. Chappell
John A. Davis
David R. Dunseth
John W. Jensen
Paul C. Lauenstein
Chhorn Lim
Robert G. Nelson
Edwin H. Robinson
John W. Sowles
Craig S. Tucker
tPosioo1
Director
Assistant Director
Professor
Associate Professor
Associate Protessor
Associate Prolessor
Associate Professor
Associate Protessor
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
Assistant Professor
Research Associate
Research Associate
Research Associate
Research Associate
Research Associate
Administrative Secretary
Staff Secretary
Secretary
Secretary
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
Graduate Research Assistant*
*All graduate research assistants are generally expected to spend
1/3 time on activities related to their stipend and under normal circum-
stances do not contribute more than 4.0 man inonths to a project in a
scar
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
At the beginning of the grant extension, work plans were
submitted for outputs in five general areas: education and
TOP: Pond construction and operation can be labor intensive.
BOTTOM: Management of natural stocks can help increase yield
for open waters.
74
6W
.Suppo I
/lwnlllh
2.2
0.5
2.9
0.7
2.4
9.0
8.7
12.0
8 (
7 4
9
4 '
12.0
3.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6
4.8
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
4.0
3.8
3.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
4
r
a
FIN
Group of foreign biologists at time of graduation from the second Aquaculture Training Program.
training, extended knowledge base, advisory capacity, infor-
mation capacity, and linkages and networks. The accomplish-
ments in each of these areas will be discussed in reference to the
work plans as submitted.
Education and Training
Four activities were programmed in this category: develop
new courses, provide practical training, develop special visitor
training, and support graduate training. New courses to be de-
veloped were in fish seed production, economics of
aquaculture, and fish genetics and breeding. These courses
have been developed and will become part of the curriculum in
the 1977-78 academic year. New courses include Hatchery
Management of Food Fish (5 credits, summer quarter), Fish
Breeding (3 credits, fall quarter), Economics of Aquaculture (5
credits, winter quarter), and Aquaculture Extension (5 credits,
spring quarter).
A special 5-month Aquaculture Training Program for biol-
ogists from the international community, divided into two
2 1/2-month sessions, was offered March-August 1976 and is
being repeated in 1977. There are II trainees enrolled in the
second session of this program - 3 from India, 2 from the
Philippines, and I each from Ghana, Nigeria, Jamaica,
Dominican Republic, Syria, and Sierra Leone.
During the report period, 91 visitors from 19 foreign coun-
tries were received at the center, 80 percent more than in the
previous year. The names and addresses of these visitors are
listed in Appendix A. Many of these visitors were provided
with special tours of the ponds, laboratories, and other
facilities. Meetings with appropriate University administrators
or scientific staff were arranged according to the interest and
intent of the visitors and, in selected cases, additional tours to
fish farms or other facilities around the country were arranged.
In addition, a Fulbright exchange scientist, Thomas T. George
from the Sudan, spent most of the summer quarter in residence
with the Department. More visitors were received during fiscal
year 1977 than in any previous year since the International
Center was established, as shown below
Year
v1s11011
9 7 0 -7 1 (1 Y 1 9 7 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
19 7 1-7 2 (F Y 19 72 ) ................................. ... 4 1
19 72-73 (F Y 19 73 ) ..................................... 30
19 73-74 (F Y 19 74 ) ..................................... 58
1974-75 (FY 1975) ................................... . 58
19 75-76 (F Y 19 76 ) ..................................... S 1
19 76 -77 (F Y 19 77 ) ..................................... 9 1
'Records not kept lor fiscal year 1971.
Fourteen graduate students with an interest in international
development were provided some financial support from grant
funds during the year. Graduate student enrollment during the
year in fisheries academic courses averaged 85, of which 25
were ftreign students. This is the largest number of graduate
students the Department has ever enrolled and is up 16 percent
from the previous year. Much of the increase in enrollment can
be attributed to interest in the international program. I-ifty-twso
of the graduate students (22 foreign) had major professors and
advisors who received some grant support. Graduate student
enrollment in FY 1977 is listed below by school quarter:
Quarte'r
Sum m er ...................
Faill .......................
W in ter ....................
Sp rin g .....................
U.S. Io'tr 1't
The foreign students represented 15 different countries:
Philippines (8), Colombia (6), Thailand (6), Taiwan (5),
Malaysia (3), Nepal (2), Kuwait (2), Cambodia (1), Panama (1),
4 0 J-V
LEFT: Rio Grande strain of channel catfish used in fish breeding and genetics studies. RIGHT: Grass carp produced at Auburn for use in
pond weed control.
Indonesia (I). Honduras (I ) Dominican Republic (I), 
Jamaica
(1). India (I), and Belgium (1). Of these, 20 w\ere sponsored by
USAID missions. 9 hy their home governments. 
5 hb personal
resources, 4 hb International Development 
Research Centre
(Canada), and 2 by FAO. The subject matter specialities for the
foreign graduate students were in five fields: 
fish feeding and
nutrition (9). fish diseases and health (8), 
aquaculture (13).
eclogy and fish hiology (6), and 
aquacultural economics (4).
Twenty-three graduate degrees were awarded 
during the
year, 5 Ph.D. (3 to foreign students) and 18 
M.S. (5 to foreign
students). Seven of the 8 foreign degree 
recipients have
returned to foreign countries and entplosment 
in the fisheries
sector. The eighth married an American 
before coming to
Auburn and is now working for a 
university in the United
States. Of the 15 American graduates, 5 are teaching 
at the col-
lege level. 5 are working for private firms, 
4 are employed by
government, and I is pursuing a Ph.D. degree.
Extend Knowledge Base
1he outputs targeted in this activity include continuation 
of
ongoing research and preparation of state-of-the-art reports on
the subjects of aquaculture, aquacultural economics, minimumn
input aquaculture, and knowledge transfer technology. The ex-
tent and nature of ongoing research is illustrated by the list of
graduate student research topics given in Appendix B. A list 
of
staff research publications during the year is presented in Ap-
pendix C. Additional manuscripts in press include reports on
pond polyculture production, algae management with copper
herbicides, energy flows in benthic organisms, and fish nutri-
tion. During the year a new experimental fish hatchery building
and two water storage ponds were added to the Experiment
Station field facilities. These new facilities were constructed
with UIniversity funds and reflect the continuing support pro-
vided by the University for the Center.
A state-of-the-art report giving examples of aquaculture in
different countries, input levels, and technology transfer has
been drafted. The report is now being discussed and improved
before publication. Another manuscript, The State-of-the-Art
of Aquacultural Economics - 1977, has been completed. This
is supported with an annotated bibliography on 
aquaculture
economics, an open-ended computer-format bibliography, that
is a comprehensive search of the literature on this topic. The
finalization of these reports will complete the state-of-the-art
review activity planned at this time.
Research interests, research projects, and
grant-funded staff are listed belio\:
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. D. D. Moss
Dr. R. T. lovell
Dr. Ray Allison
Dr. C. E. lBoyd
Dr. E. W. McCoy
Dr M M. P[aniotnat
Dr. H. R. Schniitou
Dr. R. (. Smitherman
J. R. Snow
Dr. J. H. Grover
K. W. Cra wford
Randall K. (Goodman
Margarita I. Hopkins
David Hughes
-leen W. Johnston
Carl E. Anderson
l.eslie L. Behrends
Mark J. Brooks
Robert L. Busch
Jesse Chappell
John Davis
David Dunseth
John Jensen
Paul C. Lauenstein
('hhorn Lim
Robert Nelson
Edwin H. Robinson
John Sowles
Craig Tucker
p
Ro oih inusti
aquaculture
aquaculture
fish nutrition and fish
processing and technolog)
aquaculture
water quality and ecology
aquaculture econoniics
pond ecol g
aquaculture
aquaculture
aquaculture and fish
reproduction
Iquaculture international
training and development
aquaculture economics
hatchery management
aquaculture ecolnomlics
aquaculture
algal taxnoni and ecology
tilapia production
aquaculture (with
Sinitherman )
polyculture and water quality
(with Srnitherrnan)
aquaculture (, ith
Smitherman)
induced spawning of fish (with
Shelton)
quantitative inheritance in
fish (with Smitherman)
elemental composition of fish
(with Boyd)
polyculture of fish (with
Sminitherman)
pond economics (with
McCoy)
aquaculture (with
Smitherman)
nutrient requirements of fish
(with Lovell)
pond culture 1t fish (with
Dendv)
nutrient requirements of
cultured fish (with Lovell)
water quality (with Boyd)
prevention of oxygen
depletion following plankton
die-offs (with Boyd)
ublications of
A. ,/ , .of
r(sca'ch 
i pulica-
plejcvr rionsO
1 0
0 0
2 13
2 0
6 8
3 2
3 2
0 0
8 4
4 6
0 3
3 3
0 o
2 2
1 0
3 o
1 0
1 0
1 10
1 0
1 1
'Titles of publications given in appendix, credit given to each joint
author; includes thesis or dissertations that were completed.
N
4"
Tropical tilapia raised in ponds at Auburn.
Advisory Capacity
This activity was to provide functional training to Center
staff, develop a list of talent for work in aquaculture with inter-
national development, and to provide pre-departure orienta-
tion for Auburn staff being sent overseas. In July 1976, Dr.
John Grover was sent as observer to the AID Program Review
at the University of Rhode Island International Center for
Marine Resources Development. Dr. Donovan D. Moss at-
tended a special conference sponsored by the Southern
Regional Conference on Training of International Students in
Agriculture in Lexington, Kentucky, May II -13, 1977. A list of
potential consultants and overseas workers for aquaculture has
been developed from an inquiry letter that was circulated the
previous year. The Center is frequently asked to suggest people
who might help with various overseas project activities. A I -day
seminar was held in January 1977 to provide an exchange of
information between staff that had returned from overseas
assignments and staff scheduled for overseas assignment. A
total of 8.2 man-months predeparture orientation was held for
staff members. Center staff also provided 22.7 man-months of
coordination services for the seven overseas projects opera-
tional during the year.
Information Capacity
This activity was for publishing useful results of grant ac-
tivities during the year. Three new titles were added to the
Center's Research and Development Series during the report
period:
Marketing As a Factor in Fishculture Development in El
Salvador (Parkman and McCoy) 8 pp.
Fish Marketing in El Salvador (Parkman and McCoy) 19
PP.
Marketing of Fisheries Products by Municipal Fishermen in
Panguil Bay, Philippines (Hopkins and McCoy) II pp.
Two additional titles are in press:
Progress Report on Fisheries Development in El Salvador
(August 1974-May 1976.).
Progress Report on Fisheries Development in Northeast
Brazil (July 1975-December 1976).
Linkages and Networks
Little new in the way of linkages developed during the
report year. The Center continues to play an active role with a
variety of international groups. For example, Dr. R. T. Lovell
has been working for the U.S. Feed Grains Council in Poland
reviewing fish nutrituional work with the hope of finding out-
lets for American grain. The campus academic program con-
tinues to accept toreign students sponsored by a variety of in-
ternational agencies and governments as indicated earlier in
the report. Center staff participate on project development or
consulting teams with people from a variety of institutions.
IMPACT OF GRANT-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES
IN ACHIEVING GRANT PURPOSES
The purpose of the grant is to strengthen the International
Center for Aquaculture for greater service to developing coun-
tries. It is evident from the discussion of accomplishments that
reasonable progress is being made to realize this purpose. The
International Center has been strengthened and the resulting
capability tor service is being maintained and enhanced.
Furthermore, the increased capacity is being effectively
utilized.
.Wej-- - . r - -
'Or .:"h:
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16 q
Center staff provide technical advice about design for hatchery
system.
Grant funds were utilized during the year to purchase 150.7
man-months of personnel services. These services contributed
significantly to the capability of the Center in the areas of
education and training, extending the knowledge base, adviso-
ry capacity, information capacity, and linkages and networks.
Funds were also used to increase library holdings, to support
the activities of the Center staff, and to provide materials, sup-
plies, and minor items of equipment utilized in graduate train-
ing. Approximately 140 new titles or periodical subscriptions
were purchased for the library during the year.
The major contribution of the grant was to provide for the
purchase of approximately 59.5 man-months of senior-level
(assistant professor and above) staff time. These personnel are
key elements in the strengthening of the International Center.
They are primarily responsible for the training, extension of
the knowledge base, advisory services, and other activities nec-
essary for a viable program.
Virtually all of the grant-funded staff participated in the ex-
pansion of the knowledge base through research and develop-
ment. Results of their activities were published as research
papers in recognized scientific journals, as chapters in
monographs or books, as parts of symposia, and as reports pre-
pared for various USAID Missions and International Develop-
ment Agencies (see Appendix C).
Man-months of personnel services purchased with grant
funds since the beginning of the project are given in the follow-
ing table:
(Category o personnel
A ta-
demic
and
research
1970-71 (FY
1971-72 (FY
1972-73 (FY
1973-74 (FY
1974-75 (FY
1975-76 (FY
1976-77 (FY
19 7 1) .........
1972).........
1973).........
1974).........
1975) .........
1976).........
1977).........
,ch-
nial
secre-
tarial
12.0
22.3
16.1
29.0
30.6
21.8
14.8
Grad-
nate
resear(h
assist-
15.2
25.6
16.3
22.4
19.5
40.8
39.3
Field
ani d
student
labor
17.6
74.9
65.6
47.9
26.8
113.8
23.8
Research conducted by foreign students represents one of
the significant ways in which grant-funded activity aids in the
expansion of the knowledge base. Not only did the students
contribute new information to various fields of aquaculture
and inland fisheries, but they also learned something of the use
of the scientific method for solving practical problems. A total
of eight foreign students received graduate degrees during the
year. Each student was required to submit a thesis or disserta-
tion based on original research. Although foreign students
were not supported directly on grant funds, all of the students
utilized equipment and supplies, benefited from the availability
of field labor, or received guidance and assistance from staff
which was provided with grant funds. Names, country of origin,
and title of thesis or dissertation for each foreign student are:
V A
Ihesis (' disert liatin tit Ile
Production of Channel Catfish, luialurus
p;, ,taus (Rafincsquc), in a Closed System
\ ith Circulation, Aeration. and Filtration
Ph.D. - Allison)
\pplication of Lime in Ponds, Its Penetra-
tion in Muds, and Effect on Water Hard-
ness (M.S. - Boyd)
Dietar, Ascorhic Acid (vitamin C) Re-
quirements of Channel Catfish in Ponds
and in a Controlled Environmnient (Ph.D.
- Lovell)
Aspects of Reproduction and Progeny
Testing in Srothcndom aurcto (Stein-
dachner) (M.S. - Shelton)
Digestibility of Phytoplankton by Silver
Carp (lypohthali/ihyt, nmlitrix) and
Three Tilapias (SarIthcrodon spp.) in
Polvulture ith Channel Catfish (h-
talums pun(rtalu) (M.S. - Sminitherman)
Polyculture Systems with Channel Catfish
as the Principal Species (Ph.D. -Smither-
mnan )
The Parasites of Different Strains and
Species oftCatfishes (Italrus sp.) (M.S.
Rogers)
Effects of Increasing or Decreasing the
Protein Percentage in Isocaloric Rations
tir Pond-raised Catfish during the Sum
mer Growsing Period (M.S. - Lovell)
Because of availability of the staff funded from the grant, the
Department has been able to attract a number of research
grants and contracts that it could not otherwise have handled.
The grant-funded staff were involved in a number of research
projects supported by State appropriated university funds.
Several of these research projects will result in information that
will have direct transferability to developing countries.
Grant-funded staff taught 13 courses during the year. The
University paid most of the costs for teaching the courses, but
the use of grant funds resulted in more specialists in different
disciplines being available for teaching these courses. Nine
courses per 12-month academic year would be approximately a
full-time teaching load for one professor if he were supported
entirely by university teaching funds. Obviously, a single in-
dividual could not adequately teach the wide variety of courses
offered in the Department.
The number of publications produced by grant-funded staff
each year since the beginning of the grant is shown below:
Year .\wIonher
1970-71 (FY 1971)..................................... 6
19 7 1-72 (F Y 19 72 ) ..................................... 8
972-73 (F Y 1973) .............................. .... 12
9 73-74 (F Y 19 74 ) ............................ ........ 13
974-75 (FY 19 75) ......................... ........... 37 '
975-76 (F Y 1976)..................................... 35
976-77 (FY 1977)........ ................. ......... 50
'Beginning in FY 1975. formal reports prepared as a result of
USAID contracts are included in the number of publications.
( ahir ro. lose duard, r
I 1 Sail dur )
( uincio. Mlchacl
(Phil ippines)
Lim, Chhorn
(Cambodia)
ILiu, Chi-Yuan
(Taiwan)
Manandhar, Hridaya
(Nepal)
Pretto, Richard
(Panamna)
Shrestha, Sundar
(Nepal)
Sun, Peter Lin
(Taiwan)
A summary of courses taught and student enrollment is
presented below:
various sources of funds received by the Center is presented in
the following table:
Quarter
No. of Number of students enrolled
courses American Foreign
Summer 1976............... 8 109 37
Fall 1976 .................. 12 164 73
Winter 1977................ 11 147 61
Spring 1977. ............... 10 97 56
TOTAL ................. 41 517 227
'Students normally take more than one course each quarter. The
total number of students enrolled increased approximately 13 percent
over the previous year. Foreign student enrollment increased 49 per-
cent.
The average number of graduate students enrolled during
the year was 85, up 16 percent over the previous year. A sum-
mary of graduate enrollment during the past 6 years follows:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971).......
1971-72 (FY 1972)........
1972-73 (FY 1973)........
1973-74 (FY 1974).......
1974-75 (FY 1975).......
1975-76 (FY 1976)........
1976-77 (FY 1977)........
Number of graduate students
enrolled in each quarter
Summer Fall Winter Spring
24 23 31 28
29 34 43 46
43 48 50 51
48 57 54 53
50 57 65 69
60 73 79 79
75 87 88 90
Foreign graduate student enrollment has been relatively sta-
ble for the past 5 years, as shown by the following:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971).........
1971-72 (FY 1972).......
1972-73 (FY 1973).......
1973-74 (FY 1974).......
1974-75 (FY 1975).......
1975-76 (FY 1976)......
1976-77 (FY 1977).......
Number of foreign graduate students
enrolled in each quarter
Summer Fall Winter Spring
7
5
16
22
24
20
19
5
5
16
27
22
20
23
5
13
19
26
19
22
26
7
15
22
26
21
22
30
A total of 23 advance degrees was awarded during the year
(18 M.S. and 5 Ph.D.). Eight of these were awarded to foreign
students. Information on the total number of advance degrees
awarded and the number awarded to foreign students is pres-
ented below:
Year
1970-71 (FY 1971)...............
1971-72 (FY 1972)...............
1972-73 (FY 1973) ...............
1973-74 (FY 1974) ...............
1974-75 (FY 1975)..............
1975-76 (FY 1976) ...............
1976-77 (FY 1977) ...............
TOTAL.......................
Graduates
M.S.
4 ( 0)
10 (4)
18 (8)
20 (9)
24 (12)
17 (7)
18 (5)
111 (45)
Ph.D.
4 ( 2)
4 (1)
4 (0)
5 (3)
3 (2)
3 (1)
5 (3)
28 (12)
'Number of foreign student graduates indicated in parentheses.
OTHER RESOURCES FOR
GRANT-RELATED ACTIVITIES
All funds received by the Department and International
Center strengthen and support the Center. Information on the
Source of funds
State of Alabama appropriated funds
For teaching ....... ..........................
For research ..... ..........................
Sales funds
From sale of food fish and fingerlings ...........
Federal appropriated funds for research
USDA - Land-Grant College funds.............
Research grants from other state governments ......
Research grants from Federal agencies.............
Research grants from private enterprise ............
Sub-total .....................................
All USAID support - grant and country projects .
T OTAL......................................
Amount
$ 183,622.00
185,678.00
45,000.00
107,731.00
128,000.00
61,150.00
70,000.00
781,181.00
570,204.00
$1,351,385.00
As the information indicates, the Department and Center
receive funds from a wide variety of sources; however USAID
is the largest single source of funds. Appropriated funds from
the State of Alabama to Auburn University for teaching and
research represent the second largest source of funds. A num-
ber of separate research and development contracts provide the
third largest source.
Interpreting the term "grant-related activities" in its
broadest sense, virtually all funds received contribute directly
or indirectly to achieving the purpose of the grant. Even in-
dustrial research grants contribute supplies, equipment, and
personnel that are used to some extent in graduate training. By
having this type of work going on in the same Department,
foreign graduate students are able to better comprehend the
complexity of problems they must fact in the future when at-
tempting to balance food and industrial production needs with
the need for environmental protection.
UTILIZATION OF INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE
CAPABILITIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Much information about service activities by the Interna-
tional Center for Aquaculture has already been presented. A
total of 20 requests for assistance was responded to during the
year. Additional requests, mostly from private industry wishing
to acquire staff services on a personal services contract (con-
sulting) basis, were received, but this type of arrangement is
generally discouraged by the Center.
The international service activities for the year can be
divided into four categories. The different categories with the
number of man-months of each were as follows:
Category
Activities by grant staff utilizing 211 (d) funds .....
Activities by other staff utilizing 211(d) funds .
Activities by grant staff utilizing other funds ..........
Activities by other staff utilizing other funds ..........
TOTAL............................. ..........
Man-months
0.9
0.1
4.7
2.7
8.4
The specific people and the activities involved by each
category were:
Professor Activity and dates
Grant staff utilizing 211 (d) funds
David Hughes Attended conference in Costa Rica and visited
Honduras relative to project development, January
7-14, 1977.
H. R. Schmittou Participated in conference in Costa Rica, January
9-15, 1977.
R. T. Lovell Visited research laboratories in Italy and Israel,
March 28-April 3, 1977.
Other staff utilizing 211 (d) funds
C. C. Carroll Visited Honduras to confer with officials of the
government regarding fisheries development,
January 4-6, 1977.
(;rant staff utilizing other funds
E. W. Shell Visited Brazil to provide consulting services and
explore regionalization of project. September 27-
October 4, 1976.
J. R. Snow Visited Philippines to assist in design of fish hatch-
cry, August 3-31, 1976
Advised in Honduras, relative to hatchery 
plans,
June 27-July 2, 1977.
R. O. Smitherman Visited Greece and FAO, Rome, in response to re-
quest about fish culture development, September
2-16, 1976.
Mario Pamatmat Presented a paper in Scotland. 
September 14-24,
1976.
H. R. Schmittou Assisted with fisheries assessment team in Sierra
Leone, September 21-October 2, 1976.
Advised relative to aquaculture extension efforts
in Philippines, October 5-21, 1976.
Participated in project review of Oceanic Founda-
tion in Hawaii, February 28-March 5, 1977.
John Grover Assisted AID fisheries sector review in Egypt,
November 14-December 17, 1976.
R. T. Lovell Helped develop fish rations and research programs
in Poland for U.S. Feed Grains Council, April
4-10, 1977.
E. W. McCoy Conducted aquaculture economics training in the
Philippines for USAID, April 12-23, 1977.
Other staff' utilizing other funds
W. D. Davies Reviewed for USAID the lake fisheries in Zaire
and Burundi, October 13-28, 1976.
Advised fisheries program in (Colombia, March
25-April 6, 1977.
K. N. Randolph Visited Jamaica relative to project 
development,
October 18-November 13, 1976.
Ronald Phelps Visited Colombia relative to project design, Octo-
her 19-November 9, 1976.
L. L. Lovshin Invited consultations about tilapia culture in El
Salvador and conference in Costa Rica, January
5-15, 1977.
Provided advisory assistance to USAID in
Paraguay, June 12-17, 1977.
In addition to the international service activities discussed
above, the Center has provided 94 man-months of technical as-
sistance to seven international development projects overseas.
Twelve different Center staff were assigned to these projects
full time. In addition, 15.1 man-months of technical coordina-
tion and support plus 7.6 man-months of secretarial support
services were provided by the Center on campus. Funds for
these came from the individual projects and were utilized in the
support of five different staff members. These projects were: (I1)
USAID-supported aquaculture development project in North-
east Brazil (AID/la BOA 1152 T. 0. 2), (2) USAID-supported
aquaculture production project in freshwater, 
brackishwater,
and extension fisheries work in the Philippines (AID/ea 180
ICA), (3) freshwater aquaculture development project in Mid-
Western State, Nigeria, supported by the Nigerian Govern-
ment, (4) brackishwater intensification project in Indonesia
sponsored by USAID (AID/ASIA-C-1177), (5) USAID-
sponsored pond development project in Jamaica (AID/la-
C-1166), (6) USAID-sponsored aquaculture and fisheries de-
velopment project in Colombia (AID/la-C-1176), and (7)
government-sponsored aquaculture project in Honduras.
Man-months of overseas activities by grant-funded staff
since its inception are given in the following table:
1970-71 (FY
1971-72 (FY
1972-73 (FY
1973-74 (FY
1974-75 (FY
1975-76 (FY
1976-77 (FY
1971) ................................
19 7 2 ) .................................
1972)..
1 9 7 3 ) .................................
1 9 7 4 ) .................................
1975) ........... .................
1976)............ .....................
19 7 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . .. .....................
Mail-tmon/iS
9.8
8.0
3.0
4.5
7.7
9.3
5.6
1 -.
I ,
4r
S1'
1>
<
Filipino doing research on hatchery design to improve fish sur-
vival.
NEXT YEAR'S PLAN
The Center is fast approaching the state of development in-
tended with the purpose of the AID grant. It should 
be clear
that Auburn University has a strong commitment 
and sizable
program for participation in international aquacultural 
devel-
opment. In spite of this commitment by the University, 
it is also
clear that the Center needs substantial core 
support from out-
side sources if the program is to sustain its workload.
It is expected that the current grant will be extended for a
few months until new contractual arrangements can be devel-
oped between AID and the University. Activities 
called for
under the present work plans will be continued in the 
mean-
time.
Title XII programs are a possible means to obtain core
operating support for the Center. The Center plans to submit
proposals and work with the Title XII programs as 
they devel-
op. A special university services contract has also been pro-
posed between AID and the Center. Both of these 
approaches
have good potential, but neither appears far enough 
along ad-
ministratively to become effective in time to meet 
the Center's
immediate support needs. For this purpose a continuation of
the current grant has been requested until such time 
as other ar-
rangements are in force. Meanwhile, it is expected that over-
seas service, international training, and relevant 
research ac-
tivities will continue with the same dynamic interest as in the
past.
INVOLVEMENT OF MINORITY PERSONNEL
AND WOMEN
The budgeted academic and non-academic personnel re-
ceiving support under the grant during the report year are
classified below according to race and sex:
Men Women
Blacks.......................................... 0 3
Spanish American ............................ 0 0
American Indians ............................ 0 0
American Orientals ........................... 2 1
Other ... ................................. 29 3
TOTAL.... ................................... 31 7
Student employment was provided to three foreign na-
tionals, two female orientals and one oriental male, which
enabled them to continue their studies. A special seminar was
presented to three black male students from Alabama A&M
University, who were employed by the School of Agriculture
during the summer, to make them aware of available oppor-
tunites in graduate education in aquaculture.
Auburn University has an "affirmative action program" for
the involvement of minority personnel and women and for
recruiting students for training. The provisions of the program
are followed closely by the Center in recruiting staff and in
recruiting students for graduate training.
There are excellent opportunities for involving minority
personnel and women in international development work and
for significant contributions to Center activities. Unfor-
tunately, few of either group are interested in careers in fish-
eries and aquaculture and even fewer are interested in interna-
tional service in these areas of work.
APPENDIX A
Visitors Seeking Information
on International Development
Name
Dr. Jean Nyan Ngatchou, Director
Research Institute of Agriculture
and Forestry Research
ONAREST
Yaounde, Cameroon
Ms. Patricia T. Arroyo
Assistant Professor
Department of Fisheries and Technology
College of Fisheries
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City
Philippines 3004
President and Mrs. Amado C. Campos
Central Luzon State University
Munoz, N. E. 2320
Philippines
Mr. James Kapetsky
Apartado AEREO 2458
Cartagena Bolivar
Colombia
Chief Justice T. Mabandla
Chief of the Bhele Tribe
Cape Province, South Africa
Mr. George Crowell
Department of State
Washington, D.C.
Mr. J. Weihl
Mr. I. Tzhak
Mr. J. Levi
Israeli Farmers
Israel
Date
July 2, 1976
July 8, 1976
July 8, 1976
July 8-9, 1976
July 12, 1976
July 12, 1976
July 14, 1976
Mr. E. Heckman
Mr. M. Harvey
Mr. Patterson
Sudan Consultants
Khartoum, Sudan
Mr. K. Sheets
Mr. G. Weishbart
Colorado Fish Farmers
Colorado
Mr. John Hartzog
Henry County, Alabama
Dr. Tapan Benergee
Program Director (Fisheries)
U.S. Peace Corps
c/o U.S. Embassy
Manila, Philippines
Mr. Emmitt Parrish
P.O. Box 1155
Pensacola, Florida
Mr. C. E. White
Mr. William Reeves
Mr. Gerald Hooper
Game and Fish Division
Alabama Department of Conservation
and Natural Resources
64 N. Union Street
Montgomery, Alabama
Mr. Kermit Sneed
Thompson Anderson Enterprises
Thornton, Mississippi
Mr. Tirso Jamandre
Fish Farmer and FAO Consultant
Iloilo City, Philippines
Mr. Varadi Laszlo
5541 Szarvas
Fish Culture Research Institute
P.f. 47
Hungary
Mr. John Hester
Mr. Bruce Bell
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Box 836
Decatur, Alabama
Mr. Ken Corson
Methodist Mission
Casilla 356
La Paz,Bolivia, S.A.
July 14, 1976
July 14, 1976
August 10, 1976
August 23-25, 1976
August 27, 1976
September, 1976
September 1, 1976
September 1, 1976
September 2-14, 1976
September 9, 1976
September 23, 1976
Legislative Aides,
U.S. House of Representatives September 27-28, 1976
Mrs. Thomas S. Joley, Chairman - Agriculture
Mr. Yourman
Ms. Ermann
Mr. T. Adams
Dr. Jim Halpin
Dr. Ralph Jones, Jr.
Southern Union State Junior College
1414 Davis Drive
Roanoke, Alabama
Mr. George Holmes Honalde
404 Maxwell Hall
Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York
Mr. Earl B. Terwillinger
Chief, Production Programs Branch
International Training
Foreign Development Division
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Washington, D.C.
Hon. John Breaux (D-LA)
U.S. House of Representatives
Washington, D.C.
October 4, 1976
October 5-6, 1976
October 7-8, 1976
October 8, 1976
11
Mr. James Williams
Caribe King Shrimp Co.
Box 432
Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sipe
Natural Systems
Rt. 1, Box 363
Palmetta,'Florida
Mr. Abd Al-Rahman Selin
Political International Affairs
Writer for Saudi Daily
Box 4676 Jidda
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dr. Q. F. Miravite
Aquaculture Department
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines
Ing. Joaquin Guevara Moran
General Director of Natural Resources
Ministry of Agriculture
El Salvador
Dr. Jay Huner
Southern University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Mr. Bill Myers
Action-Recruitment Resources
Room P-302
1735 I. Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Ms. Sophia L. Basa
Senior Forestry Biologist
Department of Natural Resources
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
P.O. Box 623
Manila, Philippines
Mr. Geoffrey Parker
Route No. 2
Milton, Wisconsin
Mr. Doug Jones
USAID/Washington
Office of Agriculture, (TAB)
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Milton Bedard
Apartado 7-2740
San Jose, Costa Rica
Mr. Paul Bedard
864 Chattahooche Drive
C.P.O. Box 10547
Gainesville, Georgia
Mr. Dan Thomaston
Mr. Dan Self
Mr. Frank Ellis
Department of Natural Resources
Georgia
Dr. Donald F. Amend, Director of Research
Tavolek, Inc.
2779-152 Avenue N.E.
Dr. Ward Falkner
Mr. Jack Mathias
Mr. Burton Ayles
Freshwater Institute
Department of Fisheries and Environment
Winnipeg, Canada
Mr. Fleming
Mr. Rasmusn
Mr. Arne
Mr. Anderson
Danish Farmer Group
Mr. Philip Irwin
Voice of America
United States Information Agency
Washington, D.C.
October 11-12, 1976
October 12, 1976
October 13, 1976
October 15, 1976
October 19-20, 1976
October 21-22, 1976
October 29, 1976
November 3-
December 17, 1976
January 6, 1977
January 24, 1977
January 24-25, 1977
January 24-28, 1977
February 1, 1977
February 4, 1977
February 11, 1977
February 16, 1977
March 24, 1977
Mr. Alfonse Catchy
Director of Fisheries
Central African Empire
Africa
Mr. Bob Thoesen
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Atlanta, Georgia
Mr. Bruce G. Barclay, Jr., M.P.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Atlanta, Georgia
Mr. Emil R. Knutti
U.S. Peace Corps Regional Representative
Atlanta, Georgia
Mr. L. C. Berth
Research Specialist
L. D. Schreiber Cheese Co., Inc.
1601 Main Street
P. 0. Box 610
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Dr. Jim Jones
Director of Mississippi-
Alabama Sea Grant Consortium
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory
Ocean Springs, Mississippi
Mr. Sherman Reed
Mr. Mitch Olszewski
Engineering Technical Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Mr. Sam Suffern
Mr. Jack Griffith
Environmental Science Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Dr. Vasile Jurwbesco
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry
Technical Direction
Buchark, Romania
Prof. Ivan B. Tokin
Institute of Marine Biology
Academic of Sciences of USSR
Deline Zelentzy, 184531
Murmanskaya obl, USSR
Ms. Valarie Anderson Gillen
NOAA, Office of Public Affairs
6010 Executive Blvd.
Rockville, Maryland
Mr. Mustafa Bezikoglu
Dr. Fethullah Koc.
Mr. Kamal Orue
Mr. Orpah Ozbaysal
Mr. Necmettia Alpturk
Dr. Adnan Oaturk
Turkish Government Fisheries Personnel
Mr. D. Kloen
Otto van Gehreweg 35
Wageningen
Holland
Mr. Rick Goodier
Rt. 2, Box 3P
Richmon d, Texas
Mr. Chris Nugent
Mr. Jim Miller
FAO Country Program
Central African Empire
Bangui, CAE
Mr. Joseph P. Senft
Mr. Andrew Merkowsky
Mr. James Fritch
Rodale Press Reservoirs Division
576 North Street
Emmaeus, Pennsylvania
Dr. Dale Toetz
Southeast Water Laboratory
EPA
Athens, Georgia
March 25-27, 1977
April 4, 1977
April 4, 1977
April 20, 1977
April 20, 1977
April 25, 1977
April 27, 1977
April 27, 1977
April 28-29, 1977
April 28-29, 1977
May 2, 1977
May 9, 1977
May 27, 1977
June 4, 1977
June 8-10, 1977
June 20, 1977
June 28, 1977
12
APPENDIX B
Graduate Student Research Topics and Advisors
Almazan, Guadiosa*
Alston, Dallas
Anderson, Carl E.
Behrends, Leslie
Boonyaratpalin, Mali*
Boonyaratpalin, Sitdhi*
Bowman, James
Bowser, Paul
Braid, Malcolm
Bright, David
Brooks, Mark
Burtle, Gary
Busch, Robert
Cabrero, Jose*
Campbell, Terry
Canlas, Joel*
Carreon, Jose*
Chappell, Jesse
Chitwood, Brian
Chuapoehuk, Wiang*
Clay, Larry
Cook, Stanley
Cox, Kenneth
Cuenco, Michael*
Cuevas, Hugo*
Davis, John
Dobbins, Daniel
Dunseth, David
Dureza, Virgilio*
Dutta, Omeo*
Felts, Shawn
Foote, Karen
Fong, Sunchio*
Grizzle, John
Hardin, Scott
Hemstreet, William
Relationship between Alkalinity,
Phosphorus, and Algae Growth (Boyd)
Microinvertebrate Study of Three Experi-
mental Channels to Determine the Effects
of Thermal Enrichment on Fish Food
Organisms (Dendy)
Comparison of Tilapia aurea, T. nilotica,
and hybrid (T. nilotica x T. hornorum) in
Polyculture Systems (Smitherman)
Comparison of Water Quality in
Polyculture Systems (Smitherman)
Energy Requirement of Channel Catfish
(Lovell)
Pathogenesis and Control of Bass
Tapeworm (Rogers)
Culture of Larval Fishes (Snow)
Studies on Vertical Transmission of Chan-
nel'Catfish Virus Disease (Plumb)
Intensive Culture of Striped Bass Fry (Shell)
Stream Ecology-Insects (Dendy)
Effects of Initial Weight on Final Weight in
Genetically Distinct Populations of Chan-
nel Catfish (Smitherman)
Diets for Golden Shiners (Lovell)
Induced Spawning of Channel Catfish
Using Clomiphene Citrate (Shelton)
Recirculation in Intensive Culture (Allison)
Study of Primary Productivity in West Point
Reservoir (Bayne)
Bacterial and Parasitic Loads of Cultured
Channel Catfish in Farm Ponds (Plumb)
Feed and Feeding of Striped Bass Fry
(Shell)
Heterosis in Pond-reared, Crossbred Strains
of Channel Catfish (Smitherman)
Growth and Production of Largemouth
Bass with Forage Species and in Combina-
tion with Bluegill and Redear (Davies)
Nutritional Contribution of Natural Pond
Organisms to Channel Catfish Growth in
Ponds (Lovell)
Pathology Associated with Healing After
Surgery of Fish (Plumb)
Larval Fishes of Jones Bluff Reservoir
(Davies)
Dynamics of the Black Crappie Population
in Lee County Public Fishing Lake (Davies)
Crayfish Culture with Channel Catfish
(Dendy)
Special Problems in Larval Fish Culture
(Snow)
Phytoplankton Related Fish Kills (Boyd)
Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fer-
tilization on Sunfish Production (Boyd)
Production of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner)
in Combination with the Predator
Chichlasoma manaquense (Meeks) at
Different Stocking Rates (Bayne)
Use of Recirculation and Aeration in the
Culture of Channel Catfish (Allison)
Sex Identification of Cichlids and Chinese
Carp by Cytological Techniques (Shelton)
Winter Management of Channel Catfish
(Lovell)
Studies of Some of the Possible Effects of
Overturns in Fish Ponds (Boyd)
Dynamics of Bass-bluegill Population in
Farm Ponds (Davies)
Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in
Gills of Channel Catfish Treated with
Malachite Green (Rogers)
Electrophoretic Determination of Sex in
Tilapia aurea (Smitherman)
Studies of the Parasites of Year-class
Largemouth Bass in West Point Reservoir
(Rogers)
Hopkins, Kevin
Inko-Tariah, McKenzie*
Jensen, Gary
Jensen, John
Jones, Walter
King, Terry A.
Kubaryk, John
Landesman, Louis
Lauenstein, Paul
Lawson, Curtis
Lee, Jen-Chyuan*
Li, Yen-Pin*
Lichtkoppler, Frank
Lirm, Chhorn*
Lim, Ricardo*
Liu, Chi-Yuan*
Malvestuto, Stephen
Manandar, Hridaya*
McGinty, Andrew
McGinty, Paul
Mezainis, Valdis
Minton, Vernon
Mitchell, Andrew
Mohead, Malcolm
Moon, Charles*
Moreira, Paulo*
Neils, Kenneth
Nelson, Robert
Newman, Michael
Osborn, Maury
Pestrak, James
Popma, Thomas
Pradhan, Bhola*
Pretto, Richard*
Romaire, Robert
Saad, Cheroos*
*Foreign students
Sex Reversal of Tilapia aurea with Synthetic
Estrogens (Shelton)
Production of Tilapia aurea in Polyculture
Using Largemouth Bass and Monosex Male
as Population Controls (Smitherman)
Sex Reversal of Tilapia aurea with Three
Naturally Occurring Estrogens (Shelton)
Alternative Production Systems for Hill
Pond Culture (McCoy)
Observations on Biology of Macrobrachium
ohione (Smitherman)
Population Dynamics of Largemouth Bass
in West Point Reservoir-Georgia-Alabama
(Davies)
Protein-energy Requirements of Tilapia
(Lovell)
Tilapia Culture in Combination with a
Recirculating Hydroponic System (Smither-
man)
Culture of Tilapia in Tanks with Supple-
mental Species (Allison)
Dynamics of the Largemouth Bass Popula-
tion in Lee County Public Fishing Lake
(Davies)
Production of Hybrid Tilapia (Smitherman)
Vitamin Da Requirements of Channel Cat-
fish (Lovell)
Comparison of 20-10-5 and 20-20-5 Fer-
tilization in Sunfish Ponds (Boyd)
Vitamin C Requirements of Channel Cat-
fish (Lovell)
Common Carp Population in the West
Point Reservoir (Shelton)
Progeny Testing of Sex Reversed Tilapia
aurea (Shelton)
Harvest of Largemouth Bass in a Newly Im-
pounded Reservoir (Davies)
Digestibility of Phytoplankton by Silver
Carp and Tilapia in Channel Catfish Ponds
(Smitherman)
Effects of Initial Weight on Final Weight in
Catfish Breeding Systems (Smitherman)
Management of Aquatic Plants in Farm
Ponds (Boyd)
The Metabolic Activity of a Pond
Ecosystem under Intensive Catfish Cultiva-
tion (Pamatmat)
Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels
on Voluntary Food Consumption of Chan-
nel Catfish in Ponds (Lovell)
Susceptibility of Homogenetic and Hetero-
genetic Strains of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus
punctatus to Chondrococcus columnaris)
(Plumb)
Comparison of Three Trap-harvest Systems
for Channel Catfish (Smitherman)
Phytoplankton Abundance in Three Fish
Ponds (Boyd)
Effects of Lead and Source of Energy and
Carbohydrates on Growth and Body Com-
position of Channel Catfish (Lovell)
The Grazing Effects of Phytophagous Fish
in Polyculture Ponds (Dendy)
Crayfish Culture Related to Cover "Hides"
(Dendy)
A Comparison of Second-year Growth and
Catchability Between the Northern and
Florida Subspecies of Largemouth Bass
(Davies)
Intensive Culture of Channel Catfish in
Earthen Ponds (Allison)
Larvae Fishes in the Alabama River
(Ramsey)
Digestibility of Nutrients in Natural and Ar-
tificial Foods by Tilapia (Lovell)
Age, Growth, and Reproduction of the
Bowfin in West Point Reservoir (Davies)
Polyculture Systems with Channel Catfish,
Tilapia, Buffalofish, and Israeli Carp
(Smitherman)
A Dissolved Oxygen Model for a Catfish
Pond (Boyd)
Evaluation of Full-fat Roasted Soybeans in
Catfish Diets (Lovell)
13
Santiago, Alfredo*
Santiago, Corazon*
Schachte, John
Scott, Alan
Sconell, Darrell
Scully, Richard
Seesock, Wendy
Shaffer, Karl
Shaw, Cynthia
Sherriff, Timothy
Shrestha, Sunder*
Steeby, James
Sowles, John
Sullivan, Joseph
Sun, Peter*
Tapp, Ronnie
Tave, Douglas
Tayamen, Melchor*
Taylor, Peter
Thune, Ronald
Timmons, Thomas
Tsao, Yi-Te*
Tucker, Luther
Vandemaele, Katerine*
Vanhoose, Mark
Wallace, Richard
Walters, Gerald
Diets for Brood Channel Catfish (Lovell)
Nutritional Factors of Commercial Fish
Production (Lovell)
Immunity in Channel Catfish to Aeromonas
hydrophila and Chondrococcus columnaris
(Rogers)
Stress Related Disease Development in
Waters of Different Quality (Rogers)
Economical Factors in Aquaculture (Mc-
Coy)
Catch and Effort Assessment of the Fishery
Resources on the Upper Meta River System
(Davies)
The Life History and Ecology of the Cold
Water Darter (Ramsey)
Growth Reproduction of the Redear x
Green Sunfish Hybrid in Farm Ponds
(Davies)
Dehydrogenase Activity of Various
Anaerobic Metabolic Types of Bacteria in
Sediments (Pamatmat)
Effects of a Fall Drawdown on the Benthic
Population of Lee County Lake (Pamatmat)
Parasitic Load on Different Strains of Cat-
fishes and its Mode of Transmission from
Brood to Offspring (Rogers)
Effects of Aeration on Channel Catfish and
Water Quality in a Large Pond (Lovell)
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on
Plankton Production in Fish Ponds (Boyd)
Parasites of Basses of the Southeastern
United States (Rogers)
Effects of Increasing or Decreasing the Pro-
tein Percentage in Rations of Pond Raised
Catfish During the Grow-out Period
(Lovell)
Size Selection of Largemouth Bass and
Bluegill by Sport Fishermen (Davies)
Production of Hybrid Blue x Channel Cat-
fish (Smitherman)
Androgen and Estrogen Sex Reversal of
Tilapia nilotica (Shelton)
Amoeba Incidences, Pathogenicity, and Po-
tential Control in Fishes (Rogers)
Methods of Vaccinating Fish Against Bac-
terial Diseases (Plumb)
Year-class Mortality of the Largemouth
Bass in West Point Reservoir (Shelton)
Use of Catfish Processing Wastes in Pet
Foods (Lovell)
Early Food Habits of Striped Bass Larvae
(Snow)
Tilapia Culture in Tanks with Filtration
(Allison)
Behavioral Characteristics Between the
Northern and Florida Subspecies of
Largemouth Bass (Davies)
Systematics of Pimelodid Catfishes
(Ramsey)
Influence of Environmental Stress on
Susceptibility to Bacterial Infections in Fish
(Plumb)
APPENDIX C
Publications of Grant-supported Staff
APOLINARIO, K. AND R. T. LOVELL. 1976. Yield and Quality of
Mechanically Deboned Flesh from Farm-raised Channel Catfish,
Tilapia, and Buffalofish. Proc. of Tropical and Subtropical Fish
Technology Conf., April, 1976, pp. 41-44.
BEHRENDS, LESLIE. Effects of Three Tilapias (Sarotherodon spp.) and
Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on Phytoplankton Com-
talurus punctatus). MS. thesis, Auburn Univ.
BOONYARATPALIN, M. AND R. T. LOVELL. 1976. Flaked Diets for
Aquarium Fishes. Aquaculture, Vol. 10. (Accepted for publication,
1976.)
BOUTWELL, J. L. AND E. W. McCoY. 1977. Simplified Programming as a
Farm Management Tool. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir.
232.
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15