Annual Report for FY 1973
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The International
Center for Aquaculture
AGRICULTURAL E=XPE:RIMENT STATION /AUBURN UNIVERSITY
R. Dennis Rouse, Director Auburn, Alabama
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ABOVE: Dr. E. W. Shell, Head, Department of Fisheries and
Allied Aquacultures, and faculty members D. R. Bayne, R.
0. Smitherman, and W. D. Davies make unannounced visit
to teaching laberatory where students are examining fish for
parasites. LEFT: Drs. E. W. Shell and D. D. Moss, Director
and Assistant Director, International Center for Aquaculture,
examine a new publication on on international fisheries
prciect. BELOW: Dr. D. D. Moss orients foreign graduate
students from Thailand, Panama, El Salvador, and the Phil-
ippines upon their arrival to campus.
Auburn University Is An
Equal Opportunity Employer
il t islil%:1 ) 9 7,1 - \]
'V
Y
A
ANNUAIL REPORT FOR FY 1973
The International Center for Aquaculture
THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE 
was es-
tablished June 25, 1970, at the Auburn 
University Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, under authority contained 
in Section
211 (d) of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961. The grant
(AID/csd 2780) was for the purpose of implementing 
the
project, "To Strengthen Specialized Competency 
in Aquacul-
ture," under the agreement signed June 25, 1970, by 
Dr.
John H. Hannah for USAID and President Harry M. Philpott
for Auburn University.
The following objectives were considered of 
primary im-
portance in strengthening the competence of 
the Center.
1. To add experts in selected fields to the faculty.
2. To assemble a library of worldwide literature 
on aqua-
culture and develop more effective methods for dissemination
of this information.
3. To provide educational opportunities in aquaculture for
personnel of AID and other governmental agencies 
and priv-
ate foundations, for students interested in international 
de-
velopment, and for foreign participant training.
4. To develop a worldwide collection of data 
on food
fishes and other aquatic organisms that appear suitable 
for
culture.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF GRANT
Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important to 
devel-
oping countries by providing a significant part of the protein
needed for more adequate diets and making an important
contribution to economic growth. An important advantage 
of
aquaculture is that it utilizes infertile lands and runoff 
waters,
along with agricultural wastes and surpluses, to intensively
grow crops of high quality proteins in the form of fish 
and
other aquatic animals. This greatly increases the ability 
of
each country to supply the protein locally where it is most
needed, thus reducing the cost of transportation, processing,
and refrigeration, while providing additional needed income
and employment for farmers.
Auburn University has committed itself to assist developing
nations as they apply improved methods of aquaculture 
to
develop and increase supplies of high quality protein and
improve their economic well-being. No other American Uni-
versity has the capability of providing this type of assistance
as does Auburn University, which has gained worldwide rec-
ognition for its leadership in warm-water fisheries generally
and aquaculture specifically.
Growth of the research and training programs at Auburn
has been rapid and a broad base of competency has been
developed in aquaculture. Much of the available funding has
required special emphasis on problems at the state, regional,
and national levels, however, and cannot adequately support
the needed international dimensions of the University's pro-
gram.
This Grant is utilized by Auburn University to strengthen
its research, teaching, consultation, and other service capabil-
ities in aquaculture. As a consequence, more significant con-
tributions can be made in developing aquaculture as an effec-
tive means of improving nutrition and contributing to the
economic growth of developing nations around the world.
In addition, the Grant is used to develop methods and pro-
cedures by which the University's competence in aquaculture
is more readily available for those who need it.
PERSONNEL ON THE PROJECT
Following is a list of personnel who received Grant funds
as part of their salary during the report year:
Name
Dr. H. S. Swingle
Dr. E. W. Shell
Dr. C. E. Boyd
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Dr. W. D. Davies
Dr. J. L. Gaines
Ms. E. W. Scarsbrook
Ms. M. A. Hodgkins
Ms. P. Argo
Ms. E. C. Talley
Mr. D. E. Alston
Mr. R. L. Busch
Mr. R. E. Buttermore
Mr. R. K. Goodman
Mr. J. P. Hawke
Mr. J. D. Grogan
Mr. W. L. Lane
Mr. J. W. Miller
Man-
Position months
Director (July 1, 1972-
May 20, 1973 6.2
Director May 21, 1978-
June 30, 1973) 2.1
Associate Professor 7.8
Associate Professor 8.2
Assistant Professor 7.4
Assistant Professor 6.6
Research Associate 12.0
Laboratory Technician A 1.6
Typist 2.5
Typist 12.0
Graduate Research Assistant 1.831
Graduate Research Assistant 4.0
Graduate Research Assistant 1.6
Graduate Research Assistant 2.3
Graduate Research Assistant 1.8
Graduate Research Assistant 2.8
Graduate Research Assistant 2.3
Graduate Research Assistant 0.7
'Graduate research assistants are generally expected to spend
1/3 time on activities related to their stipend and would 
not con-
tribute more than 4.0 man-months to a project in a year.
ACX)MPLI S1IIINTS DURI NG THE WFYAR
Reseatrchi Activ ities
All Gil ait f111 (Iedf pu t~ i~ w latic-i I)at etI i rexealtit I i I )
eetx thuii 14' the \ ear . Stiitotiulaix of1 I i'xlts obtittled from1
tiitxt plojits alre i epolt li.
Aqua11culture
Ti 1(1 o ii ('1.1'ax (t stked at 5,00 peI'jr acre \\ ith ; 30)) large-
moutthi b~ass f\il it a phit xtotkimtg and fed \luibiri No. :3 pdl
Itd feedi. P iodulctitii x\itax 2,121 f)Ilidel itir\e('talle fish,
inciicijiiu 129 poundsf' haosi x c le bass, per atwe inl 20)) dax x.
Net \\eigh~it gaulo \\iax 14.27 pionds per thux ( Sxx ii~lre)
Stipiedi itsx (lroil( sxa(Il/x iO f cilitill d ill hltitljii
jars toid fed hijoe xhililop tile first I8 (lax foiioxx rd I)v at
4 dax ot 12 duix trilxiticoi to Ilrx feed gxxfastei thaii fix'\
ret elx Ilw lo Ite It xi thIrou ghout1 tie ci ltulc petiod. Effects
of illiited(( sodiilln chloride cooceiiti;Itinoxl on i Irv i six ai
\x stx xttidl oiw 112 lxx ix 0.11)icr d e (ditlitt pondsti. Six of th,,
12 f)oil I ccci dI applictiois of lile salt to iicri lxe tile
xodiiltii tiaiiiide toilceniti ttol I. \le ll Xivii \ it xa ilnifi-
(Shell)
Re)oiutitll oIf thle Axit.eit cl (':oIhieiuloa \\xax illtet
inl 20) of the 24 pols (nompri 1111 h\(, treatineits, xx th i ate
oft i ifti ititii extimiateida its ighitsa 686 vounttg diaiils iil
iieall( tihe \\ ilt(l? xio xx (i that xlibilllc 141(1iiitjt x \\eeix anti
Uexxi fih kills (tile tot ll\\ 1(1tidepletlt ition i iti jcdill 11 ia
lnelltx ctili 11114( ltt nhila ill xIuxspiided trilax or ("orbit n/n
(lllIhii(I(I~ ill fllliill14Y tiits ax xIiix et tiurbiitl reldll14 xx ,i e
tiaiijilitilIililill ilthowhu tue xuiillel . Ii iridiltx ilt icaxed xx jti
a itt e-cilxe ill tile xtokiiig rtte o lit iatl ill the pooi niiiii.
( iii
1 
ill x~l\ t \xii " xaxi(i14het ji i l tl itxit lllltitllil1 (01 bienla
ill ff11ati1g t I 1l\ xbt it xivit jxa drope l litax tihe xtiitkjil itte of
cliox inl (t poil mod11 defetaed. (:afjii xli x \it xaxhighi-
est xx ith (ittbiti i/l/t floatin14 t lxtt jini ili teile cli t i
trajil~ i tie pol l d. ilie ii14iexl aix t 11e itet xx (,I4lt oif
fxsh pet ti tittetit a et 1(141 tllioi fjih xxcigilt. and ix xl ftoodt
:30) dtnx per xiat i fttot ill tin pool tiiid ( Hi xcii I
(Al01ii!e catfixih, 10(11(1il o plwiieI(Ii(.x t Hfl exiflue I. ft il
xcx di jffeiilito 11ait I ilitiollx at 1( txx i ji li ttiati 111
trost x ( xii sttockedi itl It. I ci e d pi il it ariate ofi
1
,i5001
pt attre it the \itibtt i tllix ii itx Fixsheriex Rexeatrcih ttjlt.
The fish xiifed at xuleme~inalai(jet at the rlti of 5 i
t-(it of' thejir ttti xx\eight pet ufix fi' 11)11ililiatex 6 Iitt ltx".
Whc thte fixih xxiii ittix itedi il0 fiho iiaxet igIe xz fiitl
tatil if the ofi li (ii ititetixx \ee iixet (i- fit t1 in oO pi
niettit noiexieinotx. Meanx fiii eatit xtri i xxerc etnpatei
xtatixtitaiix\ Hi14iix xignliftcllt tijffititttex iictxxi iii xttiilx
xxiii foiiiid foi ] all tst-xitt i Iiitx ewteit toitfil iedmde
xxjitil. A xtill dix let 1e betxxel i t tiiigeie tlsiiili
xtiiatedf xtl itixl' oi) tii1ltl itt \af \its xa iiilt alet. T\xx\ oof
the xx iti xtrllt )iiixi xx it litle or no tillejue1iiiiiii i'xilfijitll
1 
1
1111edctieteotf x 1 aithililx xxIth tcxpett to ch11 tciti jtliial
touiti he ift) iiijai lxi inl xeiictixe b)1eeiig i(Gillitilt
TOP: International Center staff members observe intensive fish
culture system in which water is continuously recirculated a-id
aerated. CENTER: Graduate students from Central America seine
experimental pond in which polyculture systems are being invasi
gated. BOTTOM: 
Graduate students 
weigh fish in 
polyculture
experiment in which three fish species (buffalo, tilapia, and carp)
with overlapping feeding habits were stocked in the same pond.
~-
$1
A&V
-I I w t (c fI I t t( o f it I t XI% (. it 
I ) [ ( \ I m I ldii H w It I (I t c i o I 
I %
ltltil l ijtle . utic , tein xi , o ckc ,ii it XX dX tijotiiIiitt
Ififish \% itsc lut'ett1 i Xiatcr qljdiit\ p1)) i(tr il t nl \Xiti' \%et
aimiloiat iiixixitl i tt t'i'lsiili ofhx (gio )piiirp
* i ic ed c io , p lt ic ilte o l 10 l totlt ca Xijil illi eit
MidXtlboli' d'ioxidei All jiilk or f u toilt-'c tip 6' jci'utt ei
for'iiti diii colltl itju 55 2 'i iit ofli thleil totiltc \X ilit\u
1 ' it IiI II I 'i'i. (:~iilIl~ Xi Xticillit Xr Iicji Ititi ii 
ii illw ,it
t4t il 11(e -o r l~ ttXiil f(lI rilt ht X ,jXs 'I'lXX idi sipill
Pthd It ndcyriejoa toksc
iter Iltos\iti iXgl ei 24hM o:X fitieisl i(rgnilg i1)11lii
l x' r 'i s i''l, Xii. 25.5-acre liii li pon \ ih ciito u itfii
"w \x ere s g ti c ci lg i p'eleeI i itt it te f1 Xo 15h lti tt'tlp rsqI lii' gi IXXI t ,
4 estjo~itn oflture uiiiii corist the 
1
)oTositlaii's \\iii Iced1( utll x, ;iii-
Xti (' ei',~ig theiii I \itht tiiifi of i~i i \iX II ooth o Idit
S let 1, d4'\ clpi'ei ) pci oilite 24 il l til-it moi e il teo
llx (' p ti'iii lees :I 0-i wh1 eortal ) x Iiiliuulil t'uiixl 67 X tiee
iet fish licltil xx elt' I isilbio ili ~iell u 6 jl iil or euiii
xx j:te for 9ill 1 1( li1 t o f total,
1
i t'li itt 9 8. pi' i -c cItt of
tol '. i ,i ti , i fil e it gx lix lx~s t i Ziiio 1,1)11( t od311lx. i'lu ( i'
wili taI od Ii higs puiitiited iltk tlith \iiieue 
gu~ilix lix0
-o oi-. 1lor 2oi l lii'i ii itler)
ate stuidentreior dat out moietdolisoftto mulld samp(,l
fromiton esain a rea e ENER Fihbo ht separatpes
fnils l rm es nd skin isI deonstrtd by:D) gradue stu-o
denitn uctaprdctehs vald teut high marketdeman ofo fish
stcick andit cak e OT sTM e Dr. 6c R, , vll ssite P roesso
of fsh nritsi and tecoogy Fi tdiret rdaes student n
fihatrt c~ceorselbratcoy expe;lrient, loedth pr
-E
/
4,w~
Graduate student hecm the Philippines in process of artificially
spawning the white amur by injection of hormones.
C:atfixh fed to hilii xextalile xi/e ill colici cte 
1
)oilx il feedx
cm itaiiiiiiT ig p))i(eilile lev elx io xvariois l iltx hald liiax falt
xiiiiliil celiiicillx tii the flitx ill the( (ietx. Thle unIx' fit that
adx cIv lx iffeetei Ii exh fixsh ffix iorii fiozeii keeping (Ilil~litv
xxI llixiiiIn fixhiftat. Ti litt gax ce the caitfixhli a 'fixhi' filx iir
ilii (aiixed the I in/eli fixsi to oxidize iore I eliih thii thioxe
ted iithiei aliil oii plant flitx.
Catfixsi xx axte fioiii pricexxinig liiltx xx axs ted illiil oixt-
feed,. litiaiced diet pireparatioii to cliainiel catfixhli o liii a I0t
dax gi oxx iiigy periiid. T[le miiiiit feed xx axs illoxx ed to feimeii
iidl xxhil s toired ill aIl i Wirtight coiiiitii ci i iiiied ill giiiid
versioii foi* the( iniiijt dlictseoiitiiiiii iiicoiiked xxixte xxias
2.11 b ut dr oppedi to 1.67 x\])liu the xxst \%xts xa cooked. Thle
lIjet coiitaiiijiui coliliineicild Ilitiaiiie fixhliill gax e coiix cri xii
ot 1.12. While it ix at useful xiiicc of' aiiiiinal protciii, catfish
xx ,ixti ix iiifeirioi to iiiiiie fixlield. (Cookiiig ilestroix x anti-
iiutiiolial tactor, anld illp ox cx digextifolitx of Colliwgii ill
cattixli xx it f ( Lovel
(lix iiiiti x pxii I, ciliiiox p)(itiilxe, id ti xpsil I xciefoiild
to be priex(Ot ill the( lixver iid ii itextille of the xxlute ilii id
chliiiiil catfish, ando leuciiic iilliiiiueptidlitie xxiax locaited ill
the iiitcxtiiie. T[le lixver of the( e'1liuinel eaittixli xxax", thle pi iiiiai,
site of cii hox pept dixse xeciet lii xx Ilie ill the xxhlte allnorl
the ix~ si eenmed tii plix the (loiliitiit role ill tix 
1
)tic. cliuo-
ti x \)tie ainl ei ixx lotpetidlixs xeietioii. 'Ille aippearied to
be a itiekxx ali of cui,'x unex lriii the fintextiuie iiito the xtoinili
of thet chlii iul catfixsh.
'['lii-ci t e x x o di~scerniihle cx ileclice toi xuligget thatiixin
piof Iiet no I i citheI ihI I s xx ax i dei t oil lciliii g cou o iti lii.
Scilialx alliilthiol did, Iloxiex ci expresxx effects oii the lix el
of (,irfiox -velptidaxe li the lix( i of tite cliiiel ilittixli iiiii
xxlute auliur ii l li I) iit x ti ex clx ill thle ilitext iic ituf the
(I iti ii i clitfixli( I.ail ).
Fish Pathology
Studiex oin Ill aiatomieal aiid histological striietuire of the
channiiel ctishxl, Icta/i u~s pit ictatus,, were stairted thiis year.
'lie Ihistolo0gic esci ipt iioi iof the ski \its xxCornp~leted, as xx'itx
the descrifptionl of the ititerial iitomx . Hemnatiilogic stiidies,
xtimtid tlisx xear, wxill eoiiitjiie through next x eair CGainlex
R~esearch by1 Foreign Graduate Students
Tei t iiiei(1 si tui denits xieeeixed gi ii li te e (reex Iirom Ali-
ii1 during" the x ear. Eiachlitsa reqired to xliiliiit at thexis
or lixiei tiltjiii baixed onl his original reseaich. Althioiighlio
ill these xtiiieints xxit asuxipported iiiectlx' by Graniit fuiids, all
utilized eqfuipmiieiit aindi sippliex pii eiied xxith liii foiiids,
heiiefited fromn the axvailahilitx of the fieldh laboi liied xx ithi
Ganait ftiids. or rceivedI guioaioce aind~ iiioatiiii friii xtaff
pilii oil Granit I iicl. Thle ilamex, ciollilix. aiild title of thiexis
or (lisscitaitioii fori eaech studlent folix:
(:1 iliialig (laitiaoux oiig
(Thiailanud)
(:laiiig-jx'i (:1ioul
( iixx ail )
Soinlpong thlraliiat
hi'liilud
I)lip \lathlr
( opauthluo Pioix ptaiil
lli] ailiud)
(lThailand)
Soiniik Sii uglliolkai
lluailaud )
(Ihailand)
Pieliit Sriiiuikda
IlThailand )
(''lliilail )
Polx culture- of Chiaiiil Cautfish and
(Common (iii p ill Thuiids.
Thle Ax ,ilaililitx ot Mld( IPlisphlii
nix for Algal Gioxxth.
Preimpoundieiut Age and Groxx t
of the Rditcdhreat Sii fish, Lepoi
1o1iriti, inl the Propoisedl West Poiiit
lexerx'oi rx, Al abI ama aindi Georgiat.
ELcologv of' Feedinig Fix1hex iii Iail a-
xx akee Creek, Lee aiuil Chambers
Cou ntiex, A lal ama.
'[le Effectx of Thriiee M ethlods of
\eratiou, of Iiifiltratioi and of'
.Xciatiiii P1lis Ntiilnt He(molil
xxithi Water 1-Ixaciiutlis onl Water
QlilitxT ill (Citfish Poinds.
Th'le Effects of Witater I Ixacinthis oii
IPlaiiktou i ini Fed (liiiel Ctfislu
Pon ds.
Grxxwthi aind Feed Ciixeisio iuf
Comnuii (Carp (Cil/v' buns orpiio)
Fed lit D~ifferent Ba~tes iii Cage.
Dlietai x Levxe(ls of Cailcium andii
Phosiphoiiix for Cage-(>iltured
(;lutiuel (:atfih.
The Effect iif Peiu-Clture oii the
I i xxolx d ( )Xxgei i Coniicen t ration inl
Pensi imid inl Adjaenit Watter.
Fffectx ot Feedinug, Mexh Size, aid
Stockiu ug Size oii the' Growxthi iif
IilO)ia aiirca ( Stciiditeh'r I ill
( .lgceC (utii ue.
Processing- and Technology
p ~ ~~Smoked catfi hias excelleiit coiixiliii' appll kieeps xx cli
iref rigei atioli for sexverial mioiiths, lild iepiexetx 4.5 peci t
of1 thei ioiigitiild liv e fishi \%eight. liciniiiiitndatiix for at hlot-
smo ike" process ' or- eat fish I\\ere (leveloped('( aid si ( 1uit tei to
go i im111ciitil ageiieiex toi- rexiexx regrai diiig eoiilicie wxitli
Pond Management
itit 2.) atie ponld where t S fishig witas ii]loxi ii alon g the
liniik hialtwax armidii~ tte p~ond, .54 fcereeiit of tiii' total catch
\\ias lemxeil fduring the first 5 (fit\-, the poinf \\as openiedf
to fishinig. \hoiit 27 peicenit ofi the catch xxaxlis Tiaii .11
cifiiiiel catfihli the reilliiider bluegill , sliellcracker, mid lisx.
The ii oni I ui of fishleimin iiifci eaxedf r apidily af ter imost of thle
liti ge catfishli lid beeii reimoxved. Cliiing half the ]lake dhid
iiot itappein to gTi tlx redue the irate iof eatci (D)avies).
Research Publications
Dr. C. E. Boyd
Amino Acid Composition of Freshwater Algae. Arch.
Hydrobiol. Vol. 72:1-9.
A Bibliography of Interest in the Utilization of Vascular
Aquatic Plants. Economic Botany 26:74-84.
Biotic Interactions between Different Species of Algae.
Weed Sci. 21:32-37.
The Chemical Oxygen Demand of Waters and Biological
Materials from Ponds. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 102.
Phosphorus Dynamics in Ponds. Proc. Ann. Conf. S.E.
Game and Fish Comm. 25:418-426.
Sources of CO
2 
for Nuisance Blooms of Algae. Weed Sci.
20:492-497.
Summer Algal Communities and Primary Productivity in
Fish Ponds. Arch. Hydrobiol. 41:357-390.
Dr. R. T. Lovell
Catfish Need Vitamin C. Highlights of Agr. Res. 20(2),
Summer 1973. Auburn Univ. (Ala.) Agr. Exp. Sta.
Catfish Processing-Waste Utilization. FAO Fish-Culture
Bulletin 4(2):5.
Essentiality of Vitamin D in Feeds for Intensively Fed
Caged Channel Catfish. Jour. of Nutr. 103(1):184-138.
Protein Requirements of Cage-Cultured Channel Catfish.
Proc. 26th Ann. Conf. S.E. Game and Fish Comm.
Dr. W. D. Davies
Idade e crecimento da curimata comum, Prochitodos ceare-
nsis, Steindachner, no agude. "Pereira de Miranda," Pente-
coste, Ceara, Brazil. Biol. Tee. DNOCS 29(2) Frt. 1972.
Dr. J. L. Gaines
Aeromonas Induced Deaths Among Fish and Reptiles in an
Eutrophic Inland Lake. JAUMH 161(6):603-607. (With
E. B. Shotts, L. Martin, and A. K. Prestwood.)
Teaching Activities
Six project staff members taught eight courses during 
the
year, as summarized below:
Dr. H. S. Swingle. Dr. Swingle taught one course during
the year, a 5-credit-hour graduate course in aquaculture.
Dr. E. W. Shell. Dr. Shell taught a 5-credit-hour graduate
course in advanced fisheries biology. He also served as ad-
visor to undergraduate students in the fisheries curriculum
and supervised the graduate program for the Department.
He was major professor for 14 graduate students, 7 of whom
were foreign students.
Dr. C. E. Boyd. Dr. Boyd taught three 5-hour courses:
nutrient cycles in aquacultures, which was offered two times,
and biological productivity and water quality. He served
as major professor for five graduate students. Three of
these were foreign students.
Dr. R. T. Lovell. Dr. Lovell taught two 5-credit-hour
courses in fish nutrition and fish processing technology and
served as major professor for 11 graduate students. Nine of
his graduate students were foreign students.
Dr. W. D. Davies. Dr. Davies taught a course in fisheries
biology, a 3-credit-hour course. He served as major professor
for five graduate students, two of whom were foreign stu-
dents.
Dr. J. L. Gaines. Dr. Gaines taught a course in fish mor-
phology.
A seminar series emphasizing international fisheries devel-
opment was offered for graduate credit during the year.
Seminar topics and speakers were as follows:
August 11, 1972. Mr. Vanich Varikul, Department of
Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand. "Fisheries Research in Thai-
land."
September 8, 1972. Mr. Josef Scherzer, Director of Fish
Ponds, Kibbuz Maayan Zwi, Israel. "Communal Fish Cul-
ture Program in Israel."
September 15, 1972. Dr. N. K. Fijan, Department of Vet-
erinary Medicine, University Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Major
Diseases of European Cultured Fishes."
September 29, 1972. Dr. Claude Boyd, Associate Profes-
sor, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. "Pri-
mary Productivity by Aquatic Plants."
October 6, 1972. Dr. Thomas Hill, University of Georgia
Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia. "Culture of Catfish and
Trout in Rotation in South Georgia."
October 13, 1972. Mr. 0. L. Green, Fish Culturist, U.S.
Warmwater Fish Culture Research Laboratory, Marion, Ala-
bama. "Selective Breeding Programs with Channel 
Catfish."
October 20, 1972. Dr. Bill Davies, Assistant Professor,
Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. "Reservoir
Fisheries in Northeast Brazil."
October 27, 1972. Mr. Dan Leary, Ph.D. candidate, De-
partment of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. "Effects 
of
Dietary Fiber-level on Production of Channel Catfish in
Ponds."
November 3, 1972. Mr. Malcolm Johnson, Jr., M.S. can-
didate, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures.
"White Amur."
November 10, 1972. Mr. Randell Goodman, M.S. 
candi-
date, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. 
"Cat-
fish Genetics Studies."
November 24, 1972. Mr. Don Keller and Mr. David 
Mor-
ris, M.S. candidates, Department of Fisheries and 
Allied
Aquacultures. "Age and Growth of Largemouth 
Bass in Eu-
faula Reservoir, Alabama."
January 10, 1973. Dr. Ilan Paperna, Fish Pathologist, Vir-
ginia Institute of Marine Science, Glouchester, 
Virginia.
"Pathology of Fish Diseases in Central Africa."
January 12, 1973. Mr. Jack Snow, Director, National
Fisheries Station, Marion, Alabama. "Chemical Changes 
in
Bottom Soils in Fish Ponds during a 10-year Period."
January 19, 1973. Dr. R. D. Rouse, Dean, School of Ag-
riculture, and Director, Agricultural Experiment Station. "The
Progress and Present Status of the Regional Catfish Project,
S-83."
January 26, 1973. Mr. William Atkins, Commercial Fish-
erman, Theodore, Alabama. "Commercial Fishing in the Gulf
and Tidal Streams of South Alabama."
February 2, 1973. Dr. John Greenfield, Regional Fisheries
Economist, National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg,
Florida. "Need for Adequate Economic Data in Aquaculture
Projects."
February 9, 1973. Mr. S. Y. Lin (Retired) Principal Fish-
eries Biologist, Joint Commission for Rural Reconstruction,
Taipei, Taiwan. "Aquaculture in Taiwan."
February 16, 1973. Mr. Ed Chamberlin, Deputy Regional
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia.
"Fisheries Programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service."
February 23, 1973. Mr. I. B. Byrd, Chief, State-Federal
Relationships Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, St.
Petersburg, Florida. "Regional Federal Aid Programs in Fish-
eries and Aquaculture."
March 2, 1973. Mr. Hugh Barwick, 
M.S. candidate, De-
partment of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. 
"Effects of
Two Feeding Rates on the Survival and Production 
of Ad-
vanced Fingerling Striped Bass."
Mr. Rob Busch, M.S. candidate, Department 
of Fisheries
and Allied Aquacultures. "Using Clams as 
Bio-filters in Cat-
fish Cultures."
Mr. Rafael Guerrero, M.S. candidate, 
Department of Fish-
eries and Allied Aquacultures. "Sex Reversal 
in Tilapia."
Mr. Somsuk Singlholka, M.S. candidate, 
Department of
Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures. 
"Growth and Feed Con-
version of Common Carp fed at Different 
Rates in Cages."
March 9, 1973. Mr. Arsenio 
Camacho, M.S. candidate,
Department of Fisheries and Allied 
Aquacultures. "Utiliza-
tion of Fish Waste in Diets for 
Fishes."
Mr. Romy D. Fortes, M.S. candidate, Department 
of Fish-
eries and Allied Aquacultures. "Studies 
of Chlorophyll in
Pond Waters."
Mr. Pichit Srimukda, M.S. candidate, 
Department of Fish-
eries and Allied Aquacultures. 
"The Effect of Pen Culture
on Oxygen Concentration in the 
Pens and in Adjacent Wa-
ters."
Mr. Prasert Sitasit, M.S. candidate, 
Department of Fish-
eries and Allied Aquacultures. 
"Dietary Levels of Calcium
and Phosphorus for Cage Cultured 
Channel Catfish."
International Service Activities
All academic staff members on the project participated 
in
international service activities during 
the year. A summary
of participation of the staff on 
foreign assignments and in
international seminars follows:
Dr. H. S. Swingle. Dr. Swingle 
participated in a seminar
on marine biology and fisheries 
held under the auspices of
the U.S.-Republic of China Cooperative 
Science Program in
La Jolla, California, April 10-13, 
1978.
Dr. E. W. Shell. Dr. Shell reviewed progress 
of the Au-
burn-USAID project in the Philippines 
(AID/ea-180) during
September 22-October 1, 1973. 
He then traveled to Thailand
where he reviewed research and aided in the 
planning of new
research with the Department 
of Inland Fisheries in that
country, October 1-28 (AID/csd-2270, 
T.O. 9). On his last
stop, in Rome, he discussed the 
International Center's ac-
tivities with the FAO Fisheries 
Liaison Officer, October
29-30.
Dr. R. T. Lovell. Dr. Lovell visited 
the Philippines, Thai-
land, and FAO in Rome with 
Dr. Shell. In addition, he
served as an advisor in fish nutrition 
and feeding to the Au-
burn-USAID Project in Panama 
(AID/la-684), December
17-23, 1972.
Dr. W. D. Davies. Dr. Davies 
attended the FAO-spon-
sored Technical Conference on 
Fishery Management and
Development held in Vancouver, 
British Columbia, February
11-23, 1973. He conducted 
a pre-feasibility survey of fish-
eries development on Lake 
Izabal, Guatemala, June 11-22,
1973.
Library Acquisitions
During the year, 299 books were 
purchased for the library
utilizing Grant funds. A majority 
of these books are refer-
ences on fishes of developing countries. 
These will be used
as a source of information on species 
of fish in these countries
that have potential for use in aquaculture.
Grant funds were also used to 
purchase subscriptions to
nine periodicals and a film.
IMPACT OF GRANT SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES
ON INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES
The Grant allowed the Department of Fisheries and Allied
Aquacultures and the International Center for Aquaculture
to significantly increase its international capabilities and ac-
tivities without interferring with its traditional programs.
Interaction between 
the international and 
traditional programs
strengthened both. Because of the Grant support, the Uni-
versity is able to take a more active role in international fish-
eries and aquacultural development through the teaching 
of
foreign students, conducting of relevant research, and 
ex-
tending of information to developing countries. Although the
University has been in international 
work to a limited degree
for a number of years, the present degree of involvement
would not be possible without support provided by the Grant.
Grant funds were used to purchase the following personnel
time during the 
past year:
Staff category
Academic .. .-----
Laboratory technician
Secretarial --
Graduate research assistants
F ield labor ...............
Man-months
45.2
1.6
14.5
16.3
65.6
Only a fraction of this level of staffing would be available
to the Center without funds provided by the Grant.
The academic staff, with support from the laboratory tech-
nicians, secretaries, and field labor, produced 13 major 
re-
search publications during the year. The graduate research
assistants funded from the Grant conducted eight research
projects, four of which resulted in theses fulfilling require-
ments for the Master of Science Degree.
The number of research publications 
and research projects
directly attributable to the Grant are indicative 
of only a
portion of the contribution that those funds 
make to the over-
all research program. Grant-funded staff regularly 
collaborate
with other staff on research projects.
Three research projects are now being funded 
by extra-
mural sources that were obtained because of the 
availability
of the specialists employed with Grant 
funds. Without the
field labor purchased with Grant 
funds it would be extremely
difficult to provide the large number of USAID-supported
foreign students at Auburn with effective 
field research ex-
periences.
The academic staff on Grant funds taught seven 
University
courses during the past year, producing 
a total of 5,841 stu-
dent-credit hours (177 students x 33 credit hours). 
Of these,
2,310 student-credit hours were for foreign students. 
Seven-
teen of the 33 credit hours taught were 
in new courses added
to the curriculum because of the availability 
of these special-
ists on the staff.
Since the Graduate School at Auburn 
University limits the
number of graduate students that can be 
directed by an in-
dividual professor, the graduate training 
program in fisheries
would be considerably smaller without 
the additional staff
available as a result of the Grant. 
The additional staff per-
mitted acceptance of approximately 
15 more graduate stu-
dents than would have been possible 
otherwise. Because of
the large number of qualified 
American applicants desiring
admission to Auburn, it is unlikely 
that many foreign students
could have been accepted 
without the additional staff 
pro-
vided by Grant funds. A total 
of 11 foreign students received
advanced degrees during the 
year. Staff funded from the
Grant served as major professors 
for nine of these.
8
UTILIZING INSTITUTIONAL RESOURCES
IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Four Auburn-based staff members participated in on-site
reviews of Auburn-USAID Fisheries Development Projects or
served as advisors on these projects during the year. These
activities required approximately 4.9 man-months.
One staff member served as a consultant to the Interna-
tional Bank for Reconstruction and Development, planning a
fisheries development project in Bangladesh. This required
1.7 man-months of service.
Approximately 1 man-month of staff time was spent away
from campus participating in an FAO-sponsored seminar,
meetings with FAO personnel, and taking part in a seminar
sponsored by the United States-Republic of China Coopera-
tive Science Program.
Thirty persons came to the Center during the year on visits
related to international fisheries development. The visitors
required approximately 170 visitor days of short-term training,
seminars, meetings, discussions with individual staff members,
tours, and administrative support. A list of these visitors, who
came from eight different countries, follows:
Name and title Dates of visit
Dr. Thomas C. Juelson July 24-25, 1972
Peace Corps Volunteer in Fisheries
Brazil
Mr. Vanich Varikul August 4-15, 1972
Chief of Inland Fisheries Research
Department of Fisheries
Bangkok, Thailand
Mr. Josef Scherzer September 5-8, 1972
Director of Fish Ponds
30803 Moayan Zwi
D.N. Chat Hacarmel, Israel
Mr. Fred Laney November 1-3, 1972
International Training Office
National Marine Fisheries Service
Rockville, Maryland
Mr. Michael Fivez January 8, 1973
18th Avenue Helene
2000 Antwerp, Belgium
Mr. Manu Potaros January 3-April 14, 1973
Chief Biologist
Bankhen Fisheries Station
Mr. Chirdchan Amatayakul January 3-April 14, 19783
Chief of Fisheries Extension
Department of Fisheries
Bangkok, Thailand
Mr. S. Y. Lin (Retired) February 8-11, 1973
Principal Fisheries Biologist
Joint Commission for Rural
Reconstruction
Taipei, Taiwan
Dr. Joel Bernstein February 8-9, 19783
Assistant Administrator
Bureau for Technical Assistance
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Jim Urano February 8-9, 1978
Chief, Agricultural Inputs Division
Office of Agriculture
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C.
Mr. I. B. Byrd February 22-23, 1973
Mr. Paul Hooker
National Marine Fisheries Service
St. Petersburg, Florida
Dr. Pietro Ghittino March 8, 1973
Professor of Pathology
University of Torino
Italy
Dr. Harlan Davis March 14-16, 1973
Food and Agriculture Office
USAID/El Salvador
Mr. Stanley Heishman March 14-16, 1973
Contract Officer
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Richard Schneider March 19-21, 1973
PCV Project Leader
and
Six Peace Corps Volunteer Trainees
from Michigan State University
Sr. Jose Cabrero May 1-31, 1973
Chief of Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture
San Salvador, El Salvador
Mr. Sibley Kawi May 2-3, 1973
Chief, Training Division
USAID/Philippines
Mr. Andy Hernadez May 15, 1973
USAID/Guatemala
Dr. Nelson Marshall June 9, 1973
Director
Center for Marine Resource Development
University of Rhode Island
Dr. Erven Long June 9, 1973
Associate Assistant Administrator
Bureau of Technical Assistance
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Jim Urano June 9, 1973
Chief, Agricultural Inputs Division
Office of Agriculture
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C.
Sr. Pedro Godoy I.
Incubadoras Protinal, C.A.
Valencia, Venezuela
July 18, 1973
Mr. John Hummon July 20, 1973
Agency for International Development
Washington, D.C.
Dr. Z. H. Shehadeh June 29-30, 1973
Fisheries Department
Food and Agriculture Organization
Rome, Italy
The Center was responsible for 
planning and conducting
extended special training programs 
for three visitors from
Thailand and one from El Salvador. 
Copies of these pro-
grams are presented in the Appendix.
Twenty-two students (12 American 
and 10 foreign) re-
ceived advanced degrees during 
the year. Twelve of these
students are now actively involved 
in some aspect of inter-
national fisheries development. Nine 
of the foreign students
returned to their native countries 
to continue their work in
fisheries development and three of the Americans 
are involved
in international work.
One American student who took a 
leave of absence from
his graduate work to enter the Peace 
Corps is working on a
fisheries project in El Salvador under 
the direction of the
Chief of Party of the Auburn-USAID 
project (AID/la-688)
there. He will use the results of 
his research there for a
thesis.
Two students who received B.S. degrees 
also joined the
Peace Corps. One of them is working with 
the Auburn-
USAID project in El Salvador. The other 
will work with the
Auburn-USAID project (AID/ea-180) in the 
Philippines.
Twenty-eight students (16 American and 
18 foreign) en-
tered the graduate program of the 
Department during the
year. A number of American and foreign students who 
were
qualified for admission could not be accepted 
because present
facilities and staff cannot accommodate more 
than the ap-
proximately 50 graduate students presently enrolled.
USAID funded seven contracts with the University 
during
the year; AID/csd-2270, (worldwide); 
AID/csd-2270, T.O.9
(Thailand); AID/csd-2270, T.O.4 (Brazil); 
AID/la-180
(Philippines); AID/la-684 (Panama); AID/la-688 
(El Sal-
vador); and AID/csd-2780.
OTHER RESOURCES FOR GRANT-RELATED
ACTIVITIES
Because the basic purpose of the Grant is to 
improve and
strengthen the International Center for Aquaculture, 
virtually
all other funds received (except those from USAID 
contract
work overseas) are considered to be available 
for Grant-
related activities. The Department and Center 
received funds
from several sources during the year, as given in 
the follow-
ing table:
Source of, funds
State of Alabama appropriated funds
For teaching
F o r research .....................- -----------
Amount
$ 48,048
82,925
Sales funds
From sale of food fish and fingerlings
Federal appropriated funds 
for research
USDA-Land-Grant College 
Funds .
Research grants from other state
governments -- ----
Research grants from federal 
agencies ...
Research grants from private enterprise.
TOTAL -- ------------ -------- ------------- 
-
19,301
67,000
100,820
160,800
54,000
. $532,894
The Department and Center occupied 
a new building,
Swingle Hall, in August 1972. 
Its cost was approximately
$1 million, all of which was 
appropriated by the Alabama
Legislature. These funds represent 
a significant contribution
for Grant-related activities.
SUMMARY
Progress was made in meeting all Grant 
objectives. Grant
funds were utilized to purchase 45.2 
man-months of aca-
demic staff time, 14.5 man-months 
of secretarial time, 16.3
man-months of graduate 
research assistant time, and 
65.6
man-months of field and student labor. 
The academic staff
funded by the Grant produced 13 
major research publica-
tions. Graduate research assistants completed 
eight research
projects.
Grant funds were utilized to purchase 
299 books, 9 periodi-
cals, and 1 film. Seven University 
courses, 33 credit hours
and 5,841 student-credit hours, were 
taught by the academic
staff. A total of 2,310 of the 
credit hours were for foreign
students. It was possible to 
accept approximately 15 addi-
tional graduate students in the Department 
as a result of the
availability of the Grant-funded staff. 
Twenty-two students
(12 American and 10 foreign) received 
advanced degrees.
Twelve of these are now involved 
in international develop-
ment. Three other students joined 
the Peace Corps and are
working with Auburn-USAID projects 
abroad.
Thirty persons came to the Center 
on visits related to in-
ternational fisheries development. 
These visitors required
170 man-days of training, seminars, 
and discussions. Staff
members of the International Center participated 
in 6.7 man-
months of international fisheries development 
activities
abroad.
Approximately $636,000 were available from 
other sources
for development of the International 
Center for Aquaculture.
10
Program for Mr.
August 4, 1972
August 8
August 9
August 10
August 11
August 14 Discussed fisheries research 
in Thailand with
Dr. E.E. W. Shell.
Discussed aquatic weeds and aquatic weed
control with Dr. 1. M. Lawrence.
Discussed fish parasites and diseases with
ton.
August 15 Departed Auburn University for Stuttgart,
Arkansas, with Dr. Ray Allison and Mr.
Catalino Dela Cruz.
Program for Mr. Jose Cabrero (El Salvador)
May 1, 1973
May 2-4
Arrive on Auburn University campus.
Tour of fisheries research field facilities,
small pond experimental area, large pond
area, fish holding and counting shed, and
fish hatching field laboratory. Review of
aquaculture projects being carried out in ex-
perimental ponds. Tour of Fisheries Build-
ing and various fisherious fisheries research labora-
tories.
Vanich Varikul (Thailand)
Discussions with Dr. H. S. Swingle and
Dr. D. D. Moss about the overall 
fisheries
program, International Center for Aquacul-
ture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
Observations of experimental ponds and
reservoir construction at the Fisheries Re-
search Unit with Dr. H. S. Swingle.
Discussion with Dr. R. T. Lovell on fish
feeds.
Visit to the new Fisheries Building with 
Dr.
H. S. Swingle.
Departed Auburn with Dr. H. S. Swingle
for Dauphin Island, Alabama.
Visited Alabama Department of Conserva-
tion Marine Resources Laboratory, Dauphin
Island. Mr. Wayne E. Swingle and 
Mr.
Hugh A. Swingle conducted tour. Observed
cage culture of pompano and oyster 
culture.
In the company of Dr. H. S. Swingle and
Mr. Wayne E. Swingle, visited new site of
experimental pond fish culture to observe
construction of ponds.
Departed Dauphin Island for Auburn Uni-
versity.
Presented seminar on fisheries research in
Thailand.
May 31
APPENDIX
Program for Mr. Manu Potaros and Mr. Chirdchan
Amataykul (Thailand)
March 16-17, 1973
March 19-20
March 27-30
April 4-6
Observed raceway culture for trout and cat-
fish at Tifton, Georgia, and Gold Kist Fish
Processing Plant at Quitman, Georgia, with
Drs. R. Allison and J. A. Plumb.
Visited the Alabama Marine Resources Lab-
oratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama, and the
brackishwater experimental aquaculture fa-
cilities near Gulf Shores with Drs. E. W.
Shell and M. M. Pamatmat.
Visited the experimental Fish Farming Sta-
tion, Stuttgart, Arkansas, with Dr. Pamatmat.
Visited the State Fish Hatchery at Easta-
boga, Alabama. Visited trout production
farms in Tennessee and National Trout Fish-
eries Station, Dale Hollow, Tennessee, with
Dr. D. D. Moss.
Special Training Program
May 7-9
May 10-11
May 12-18
May 21-25
May 28-30
Trip to Tifton, Georgia, to observe raceway
culture systems for commercial food-fish pro-
duction. Also visit to Gold Kist Fish Pro-
cessing Plant, Quitman, Georgia.
Review with staff of Department of Fish-
eries and Allied Aquacultures research pro-
grams by major areas including fish taxon-
omy, fish parasites and diseases, fish tech-
nology, fish feeds and nutrition, aquaculure,
large impoundments and rivers, sport fish
management, and water chemistry.
Visit to Alabama Marine 
Resources Labora-
tory, Dauphin Island, Alabama, to review
progress on mariculture projects on oysters,
shrimp, and marine fish species. Travel to
Marion, Alabama, to observe National Fish-
eries Station programs concerned with dis-
tribution of fish fingerlings to pond owners
and hatchery management program. Tour
of U.S. Southeastern Fishcultural Labora-
tories, also located at Marion.
Trip to selected commercial fish farming
areas of Mississippi and Arkansas to observe
channel catfish culture operations; visit to
the Federal Fish Farming Experimental Sta-
tion at Stuttgart, Arkansas, to review all
station projects concerned with fishculture.
Visit Southern Catfish Processors, Inc., a cat-
fish processing plant in Dumas, Arkansas.
Final week on Auburn University campus
and at field research facilities of Depart-
ment to observe graduate student projects
being carried out in the field and pond con-
struction plans of water supply reservoir and
for discussions with graduate students re-
garding their academic and research pro-
grams. Review of international fisheries pro-
grams of the International Center for Aqua-
culture, Auburn University.
Depart Auburn for return to El Salvador.
11
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